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Bara JE, O'Harra KE. Recent Advances in the Design of Ionenes: Toward Convergence with High‐Performance Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Bara
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| | - Kathryn E. O'Harra
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
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2
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Trigg EB, Middleton LR, Moed DE, Winey KI. Transverse Orientation of Acid Layers in the Crystallites of a Precise Polymer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Trigg
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - L. Robert Middleton
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Demi E. Moed
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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An investigation of kinetic and physicochemical properties of vesicular surfactants with oximate and hydroxamate ions: Hydrolytic reactions of organophosphorus pesticides. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Mandal J, Ramakrishnan S. Periodically Grafted Amphiphilic Copolymers: Effects of Steric Crowding and Reversal of Amphiphilicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6035-6044. [PMID: 25984651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two series of periodically clickable polyesters were prepared; one of them carries alkylene segments along its backbone, whereas the other carries poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments. These polyesters were clicked with either MPEG-350 azide or docosyl (C22) azide to yield periodically grafted amphiphilic copolymers (PGACs) carrying either flexible hydrophilic or crystallizable hydrophobic backbone segments. The immiscibility between hydrocarbon and PEG segments causes both of these systems to fold in either a zigzag or hairpin-like conformation; the hairpin-like conformation appears to be preferred when flexible PEG segments are present in the backbone. The folded chains further reorganize in the solid state to develop a lamellar morphology that permits the collocation of the PEG and hydrocarbon (HC) segments within alternate domains; evidence for the self-segregation was gained from DSC, SAXS, and AFM studies. SAXS studies revealed the formation of an extended lamellar structure, whereas AFM images showed uniform layered morphology with layer heights that matched reasonably well with the interlamellar spacing obtained from the SAXS study. Labeling one representative PGAC, carrying crystallizable long alkylene segments in the backbone and pendant PEG-350 side chains, with a small mole fraction of pyrene fluorophore permitted the examination of the conformational transition that occurs upon going from a good to a poor solvent; this single-chain folded conformation, we postulate, is the intermediate that organizes into the lamellar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Ikeda T. Effect of polymerization on hierarchical self-assembly into nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:667-673. [PMID: 25526560 DOI: 10.1021/la504010j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oligomers consisting of phenyl-capped bithiophene and tetra(ethylene glycol)s linked by azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition were synthesized. The relationship between the degree of polymerization and self-assembling ability was investigated in o-dichlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide. From the absorption spectrum, it was confirmed that the critical degree of polymerization (CDP) for thiophene unit aggregation was 4. The morphology of the aggregated product was observed by atomic force microscopy. The oligomers 4mer and 5mer could not self-assemble into well-defined structures due to the weak driving force for the self-assembly. In the cases of 6mer and 7mer, aggregates with nonwell-defined and nanosheet structures coexisted. In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, the nanosheet was the main product. The critical point between 7mer and 8mer could be confirmed by different aggregation behaviors in the cooling process of the solution (nonsigmoidal and sigmoidal). In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, polymer folding prior to intermolecular self-assembly, which was supported by sigmoidal aggregation behavior, leads to the nanosheet formation. On the contrary, shorter oligomers than 8mer experience intermolecular aggregation prior to intramolecular polymer folding, which was supported by the nonsigmoidal aggregation behavior. This is the first report to prove the existence of CDP for folded polymer nanosheet formation which requires hierarchical self-assembly, i.e., polymer folding followed by intermolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ikeda
- Polymer Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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6
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Banno T, Kazayama Y, Toyota T. Giant Vesicle Formation of Novel Polymerizable Amphiphile Associated with Its Polymerization and Hydrolysis in Water. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Banno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuki Kazayama
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Studies of mixed liposomes with novel sorbyl functionalized head group lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:809-17. [PMID: 23127336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three novel polymerizable amphiphiles with a sorbyl-substituted head group were synthesized and systematically characterized. These amphiphiles are neutral in charge. None of these molecules forms vesicles by itself, presumably due to lack of amphiphilicity and/or extensive head group interaction. Therefore, mixed vesicles were formed with other fluid lipids such as DPenPC, eggPC, or DOPC. We investigated the properties of these mixtures in both vesicles and Langmuir films. The Langmuir isotherms show formation of monolayers by all three molecules. However, the isotherms for mixed monolayers suggest that two components are largely immiscible to the mixing lipid. Under polymerization conditions, mixed vesicles of these amphiphiles form oligomers, suggesting that in spite of a larger head group, they form mesophases.
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Roy RK, Gowd EB, Ramakrishnan S. Periodically Grafted Amphiphilic Copolymers: Nonionic Analogues of Ionenes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2023414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
| | - E. Bhoje Gowd
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
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Liu C, Long L, Li Z, He B, Wang L, Wang J, Yuan X, Sheng J. Hollow poly(MPC-g-PEG-b-PLA) graft copolymer microcapsule as a potential drug carrier. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:242-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.646328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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De S, Ramakrishnan S. Folding of a donor-containing ionene by intercalation with an acceptor. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:149-56. [PMID: 21053348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic ionenes that bear electron-rich 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) units within the alkylene segment were allowed to interact with different types of electron-deficient, acceptor-containing molecules in an effort to realize intercalation-induced folding of the ionenes; the collapse of the chains was expected to occur in such a way that the donor and acceptor units become arranged in an alternating fashion. Several acceptor-bearing molecules were prepared by the derivatization of pyromellitic dianhydride and naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride with two different oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether monoamines. This yielded acceptor molecules with different water solubility and allowed the examination of solvophobic effects in the folding process. UV/Vis spectroscopic studies were carried out by using a 1:1 mixture of the DAN-ionenes and different acceptor molecules in water/DMSO solvent mixtures. The intensity of the charge-transfer (CT) band was seen to increase with the water content in the solvent mixture, thereby suggesting that the intercalation is indeed aided by solvophobic effects. The naphthalene diimide (NDI) bearing acceptor molecules consistently formed significantly stronger CT complexes when compared to the pyromellitic diimide (PDI) bearing acceptor molecules, which is a reflection of the stronger π-stacking tendency of the former. AFM studies of drop-cast films of different ionene-acceptor combinations revealed that compact folded structures are formed most effectively under conditions in which the strongest CT complex is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati De
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Cho I, Kim YD. Synthesis and properties of tocopherol-containing polymeric vesicle systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19971180182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati De
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Yu X, Tu C, He L, Wang R, Sun G, Yan D, Zhu X. Self-assembly of Supramolecular Amphiphile Constructed by Hydrophilic Calix[4]arene Derivative and Phenol Palmitate. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902724867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Kunitake T, Nagai M, Yanagi H, Takarabe K, Nakashima N. Bilayer Formation by Aggregation of Polymeric Amphiphiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338408056600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Yao J, Lei S, Huang J, Feng Y, Li Z, Fu H. Vesicle formation and stability in aqueous mixtures of the hydrolyzed copolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride and conventional single-tailed cationic surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:9526-31. [PMID: 17073475 DOI: 10.1021/la0618317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle formation in aqueous mixtures of the hydrolyzed copolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride (HSMA) and a series of single-tailed cationic surfactants (C(n)H(2n+1)N(C(m)H(2m+1))3Br, n = 8, 10, 12, 16, m = 1, 2, 3, 4) was studied by fluorescence measurement, zeta potential measurement, and transmission electron microscopy. The driving forces of vesicle formation in this kind of system are attributed to the combination of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic interaction. Variation of the surfactant structure had a great influence on vesicle formation. A model for the conformation of the molecular packing in the vesicle membrane was suggested on the basis of XRD measurement and Chem3D simulation. Moreover, these vesicles showed superstability to aging time, to NaBr, and to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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16
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Paleos CN. POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERIC TO POLYMERIC VESICLES. CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Uchegbu IF. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: polymeric vesicles for drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006; 3:629-40. [PMID: 16948558 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.5.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Improving the therapeutic index of medicines is a goal of drug delivery. Employing nanosystems that control drug biodistribution is one way of achieving therapeutic improvements, and polymeric bilayer vesicles are one such nanosystem. Polymeric vesicles, with the ability to transport drugs or genes, are prepared in one of two ways: i) the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers and ii) the polymerisation of monomers, following self-assembly (polymerised vesicles). There are two types of self-assembling amphiphilic polymers: water-soluble polymers derivatised with hydrophobic pendant groups and amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic alkenes and alkynes are the main compounds that are used to make polymerised vesicles. This review discusses polymer architecture fundamentals that govern the self-assembly of polymers into vesicles, the fine control on vesicle size that is achievable with polymeric vesicles and the application of the vesicles to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- Nanomedicines Research Centre, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK.
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18
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Ihara H, Nagaoka S, Tanaka H, Sakaki S, Hirayama C. Lipid Membrane Analogue-Immobilized Silica Gels for Separation with Molecular Recognition. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608015120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ihara
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University Kurokami , Kumamoto, 860, Japan
| | - Shoji Nagaoka
- b Kumamoto Industrial Research , Institute Higashimachi , Kumamoto, 862, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University Kurokami , Kumamoto, 860, Japan
| | - Sigeyoshi Sakaki
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University Kurokami , Kumamoto, 860, Japan
| | - Chuichi Hirayama
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University Kurokami , Kumamoto, 860, Japan
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Tundo P, Kurihara K, Kippenberger DJ, Politi M, Fendler JH. Chemisch unsymmetrische, polymerisierte Tensid-Vesikeln: Herstellung und mögliche Verwendung bei der künstlichen Photosynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19820940122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang W, Tetley L, Uchegbu IF. The Level of Hydrophobic Substitution and the Molecular Weight of Amphiphilic Poly-L-lysine-Based Polymers Strongly Affects Their Assembly into Polymeric Bilayer Vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 237:200-207. [PMID: 11334535 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of producing new materials for drug and gene delivery, the variables associated with the preparation of poly-L-lysine-based vesicles were investigated. Amphiphilic poly-L-lysine graft copolymers with varying levels of grafted methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) and palmitic acid were synthesized using two-step grafting reactions of the macromonomer, mPEG-p-nitrophenyl carbonate (mPEG, MW=5,000), and palmitic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester onto poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW=4,000 and 19,600). Polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography/light scattering. (1)H NMR, and an assay for unreacted varepsilon-amino groups. Polymeric unilamellar vesicles were produced by probe sonication of the amphiphilic poly-L-lysine-based polymers in the presence of cholesterol. Vesicles were characterized by electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Vesicle formation was favored by a low molecular weight and a low level of palmitoyl substitution. A vesicle formation index has been derived, F ~ H/L DP, where H is the %molar level of unreacted L-lysine units, L is the %molar level of substituted palmitoyl units, and DP is the square root of the degree of polymerization of the polymer. Additionally, the size of these vesicles may be controlled by controlling the initial molecular weight of the parent poly-L-lysine/resulting amphiphilic polymer. Hence, amphiphilic poly-L-lysine-based polymers of molecular weight=89,000 and 25,000 produced polymeric vesicles of z-average mean diameter 570 nm and 252 nm, respectively. Vesicle encapsulation efficiency for the hydrophilic macromolecule, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (MW=4,400), increased with vesicle size. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, U.K
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Uchegbu IF, Schätzlein AG, Tetley L, Gray AI, Sludden J, Siddique S, Mosha E. Polymeric chitosan-based vesicles for drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:453-8. [PMID: 9643437 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple carbohydrate polymer glycol chitosan (degree of polymerization 800 approx.) has been investigated for its ability to form polymeric vesicle drug carriers. The attachment of hydrophobic groups to glycol chitosan should yield an amphiphilic polymer capable of self-assembly into vesicles. Chitosan is used because the membrane-penetration enhancement of chitosan polymers offers the possibility of fabricating a drug delivery system suitable for the oral and intranasal administration of gut-labile molecules. Glycol chitosan modified by attachment of a strategic number of fatty acid pendant groups (11-16 mol%) assembles into unilamellar polymeric vesicles in the presence of cholesterol. These polymeric vesicles are found to be biocompatible and haemocompatible and capable of entrapping water-soluble drugs. By use of an ammonium sulphate gradient bleomycin (MW 1400), for example, can be efficiently loaded on to these polymeric vesicles to yield a bleomycin-to-polymer ratio of 0.5 units mg(-1). Previously polymers were thought to assemble into vesicles only if the polymer backbone was separated from the membrane-forming amphiphile by a hydrophilic side-arm spacer. The hydrophilic spacer was thought to be necessary to decouple the random motion of the polymer backbone from the ordered amphiphiles that make up the vesicle membrane. However, stable polymeric vesicles for use in drug delivery have been prepared from a modified carbohydrate polymer, palmitoyl glycol chitosan, without this specific architecture. These polymeric vesicles efficiently entrap water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Uchegbu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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IHARA H, OKAZAKI S, OHMORI K, UEMURA S, HIRAYAMA C, NAGAOKA S. Polymer-Silica Hybrids: Evaluation of Grafted Poly(acrylonitrile) as Organic Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 1998. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.14.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka IHARA
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University
| | - Shinya OKAZAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University
| | - Kanako OHMORI
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University
| | - Shinobu UEMURA
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University
| | - Chuichi HIRAYAMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University
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25
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Cho I, Dong S, Jeong SW. Vesicle formation by non-ionic polymerizable cholesterol-based amphiphiles. POLYMER 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(95)95931-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ozden MY, Hasirci VN. Preparation and characterization of polymer coated small unilamellar vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1075:102-8. [PMID: 1892861 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90081-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase was entrapped in small unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate and cholesterol. Prediction of the enzyme content of liposomes by calculations based on input concentrations of lipid and protein, dimensions of the lipids and the liposomes yielded one protein per vesicle. The entrapment efficiency was experimentally determined to be about 13%. On the other hand the entrapment efficiency for the small chromate ions was found to be significantly lower (0.1%). The liposomes were then coated with a polymer, poly(1,4-pyridinium diylethylene salt). It was possible to remove the lipoid material from underneath the polymer layer with various techniques. The effect of sonication and treatment with organic solvents (tested for this purpose) on enzyme activity were found to be very significant and Triton X-100 was chosen for this purpose. It was shown that the enzyme within the remaining net has 89% of its original activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ozden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey
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Kato S, Kunitake T. Aqueous Bilayers of Glutamate-Based Double-Chain Ammonium Amphiphiles II. Improvement of Polymerization and Membrane Characteristics by Ether-Linked Alkyl Tails. Polym J 1991. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.23.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Cho I, Kim YW. Extraction of cholesterol by non-ionic cholesterol-based polymeric vesicles. Polym Bull (Berl) 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00395578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ringsdorf H, Schlarb B, Venzmer J. Molekulare Architektur und Funktion von polymeren orientierten Systemen – Modelle für das Studium von Organisation, Oberflächenerkennung und Dynamik bei Biomembranen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Polymerizable lipid analogues of diacetylenic phosphonic acids. Synthesis, spreading behaviour and polymerization at the gas-water interface. Chem Phys Lipids 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(86)90026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Kunitake T. Aqueous bilayer dispersions, cast multilayer films, and langmuir-blodgett films of azobenzene-containing amphiphiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(86)80337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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34
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Cho I, Kim CS. NEW SYNTHETIC VESICLES FORMED BY POLYMERIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM BROMIDE WITH DOUBLE ALKYL CHAINS. CHEM LETT 1985. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1985.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Babilis D, Dais P, Margaritis LH, Paleos CM. Polymerization of oriented monomers. VIII. Polymerization of allyl and diallyl vesicle-forming quaternary ammonium salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.1985.170230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Kunitake T, Tsuge A, Takarabe K. Formation of Molecular Membranes in Water from Ionene Oligomers and Related Amphiphiles. Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.17.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a great variety of single and double chain phospholipids containing the diacetylene and butadiene moiety is described. These substances can be dispersed in water by ultrasonication and the resulting vesicles can be photopolymerized with the retention of their original structure. Absorption spectra of the polymerized diacetylenic lipids show significant differences depending on the molecular structure of the monomers. By the polymerization reaction, the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition is suppressed, which does not correspond to the properties of biological membranes. Evidence for enhanced stability of polymerized vesicles is given by treatment with ethanol and detergents showing that trapped markers are released to a much smaller extent than in the case of unpolymerized vesicles. Diacetylenic lipids show a pronounced hysteresis of the phase transition. If the membrane of supercooled vesicles crystallizes, all trapped marker is released within seconds. Possibilities for overcoming this extreme rigidity of the membranes are discussed.
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Rabolt JF, Burns FC, Schlotter NE, Swalen JD. Anisotropic orientation in molecular monolayers by infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.444799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schupp H, Hupfer B, Van Wagenen RA, Andrade JD, Ringsdorf H. Surface characterization of functional poly(diacetylene) and poly(butadiene) mono- and multilayers. Colloid Polym Sci 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01447963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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