1
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Fatma S, Ahmad F, Pankhade YA, Ranga PK, Vijaya Anand R. A HMPA-H 2O mediated oxygenative carbocyclization of 2-alkynylphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides to indenones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5891-5896. [PMID: 38967237 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a transition-metal and base-free protocol to access a wide range of functionalized indenone derivatives through a HMPA-H2O-mediated oxygenative annulation of 2-alkynylphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides. This method worked effectively for most of the p-QMs investigated and the corresponding indenone derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. This methodology was further extended to the formal synthesis of one of the resveratrol based natural products, (±)-isopaucifloral F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Fatma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Yogesh A Pankhade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Pavit K Ranga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
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2
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Das KK, Aich D, Dey S, Panda S. One pot conversion of phenols and anilines to aldehydes and ketones exploiting α gem boryl carbanions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3794. [PMID: 38714666 PMCID: PMC11076505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional group interconversion is an important asset in organic synthesis. Phenols/anilines being naturally abundant and the carbonyl being the most common in a wide range of bioactive molecules, an efficient conversion is of prime interest. The reported methods require transition metal catalyzed cross coupling which limits its applicability. Here we have described a method for synthesizing various aldehydes and ketones, starting from phenol and protected anilines via Csp2-O/N bond cleavage in a one-pot/stepwise manner. Our synthetic method is found to be compatible with a diverse range of phenols and anilines carrying sensitive functional groups including halides, esters, ketal, hydroxyl, alkenes, and terminal alkynes as well as the substitution on the aryl cores. A short-step synthesis of bioactive molecules and their functionalization have been executed. Starting from BINOL, a photocatalyst has been designed. Here, we have developed a transition metal-free protocol for the conversion of phenols and anilines to aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debasis Aich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sutapa Dey
- School of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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3
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Seferyan MA, Saverina EA, Frolov NA, Detusheva EV, Kamanina OA, Arlyapov VA, Ostashevskaya II, Ananikov VP, Vereshchagin AN. Multicationic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Framework for Combating Bacterial Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1206-1220. [PMID: 37161274 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During previous stages of research, high biocidal activity toward microorganism archival strains has been used as the main indicator in the development of new antiseptic formulations. Although this factor remains one of the most important characteristics of biocide efficiency, the scale of antimicrobial resistance spread causes serious concern. Therefore, focus shifts toward the development of formulations with a stable effect even in the case of prolonged contact with pathogens. Here, we introduce an original isocyanuric acid alkylation method with the use of available alkyl dichlorides, which opened access to a wide panel of multi-QACs with alkyl chains of various lengths between the nitrogen atoms of triazine and pyridine cycles. We used a complex approach for the resulting series of 17 compounds, including their antibiofilm properties, bacterial tolerance development, and antimicrobial activity toward multiresistant pathogenic strains. As a result of these efforts, available compounds have shown higher levels of antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens than widely used commercial QACs. Hit compounds possessed high activity toward clinical bacterial strains and have also demonstrated a long-term biocidal effect without significant development of microorganism tolerance. The overall results indicated a high level of antibacterial activity and the broad application prospects of multi-QACs based on isocyanuric acid against multiresistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Seferyan
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Saverina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Nikita A Frolov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Detusheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, 142279 Serpukhov, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | | | - Irina I Ostashevskaya
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Crockett MP, Piña J, Gogoi AR, Lalisse RF, Nguyen AV, Gutierrez O, Thomas AA. Breaking the tert-Butyllithium Contact Ion Pair: A Gateway to Alternate Selectivity in Lithiation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10743-10755. [PMID: 37133911 PMCID: PMC10245630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Lewis basic phosphoramides on the aggregate structure of t-BuLi have been investigated in detail by NMR and DFT methods. It was determined that hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) can shift the equilibrium of t-BuLi to include the triple ion pair (t-Bu-Li-t-Bu)-/HMPA4Li+ which serves as a reservoir for the highly reactive separated ion pair t-Bu-/HMPA4Li+. Because the Li-atom's valences are saturated in this ion pair, the Lewis acidity is significantly decreased; in turn, the basicity is maximized which allowed for the typical directing effects within oxygen heterocycles to be overridden and for remote sp3 C-H bonds to be deprotonated. Furthermore, these newly accessed lithium aggregation states were leveraged to develop a simple γ-lithiation and capture protocol of chromane heterocycles with a variety of alkyl halide electrophiles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeanette Piña
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Achyut Ranjan Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Andrew V Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Andy A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid by electrochemical stereoselective reduction of 7-ketolithocholic acid in aprotic solvents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16273. [PMID: 34381112 PMCID: PMC8357969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method of producing ursodeoxycholic acid was developed through electrochemical stereoselective reduction of 7-ketolithocholic acid (7K-LCA) in a undivided electrolytic cell and aprotic solvents as electrolyte. Five aprotic solvents were investigated as electrolytes, the simple structure of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were easily attacked by chloride ions and undergo nucleophilic reactions, resulting in no target reactions. The structure of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) and 1,3-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone (DMPU) is relatively complex, but chloride ions can still attack them, and it was easier for 7K-LCA to directly undergo a reduction reaction under the action of electric current, because of the small steric hindrance of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 7K-LCA was stereoselectively reduced to CDCA. Due to the stable structure of the five-membered imidazole ring of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), 7K-LCA undergoes two nucleophilic and a "Walden inversion", thereby stereoselective reduction of 7K-LCA to UDCA. In DMI, the highest conversion rate of 7K-LCA was 58.3%, the yield of UDCA was 34.9%, ee value was 100%. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to explore the electrochemical behavior of the reaction, and the electrolysis results were consistent with the linear sweep voltammetry. The product was characterized by using IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, it confirm the product was UDCA. The method developed in this paper provides a relatively environmentally friendly and low-consumption method for large-scale production of ursodeoxycholic acid, and provides a valuable reference for the asymmetric electrochemical reduction of ketone groups.
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6
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Stamm P, Etl F, Maia ACD, Dötterl S, Schulz S. Synthesis, Absolute Configurations, and Biological Activities of Floral Scent Compounds from Night-Blooming Araceae. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5245-5254. [PMID: 33724842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The uncommon jasmone derivatives dehydrojasmone, isojasmol, and isojasmyl acetate, floral scent compounds from night-blooming Araceae, were synthesized in a scalable synthesis employing conjugate addition with a selenoacetal as the key step. The stereoselective strategy with subsequent enzymatic kinetic resolution allowed determining the absolute configuration of the natural compounds by GC on a chiral phase. The homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatrien-5-yl acetate, another uncommon scent compound, was obtained by α-regioselective aldehyde prenylation. The biological activities of dehydrojasmone and isojasmol were investigated in field assays, showing that these unique volatiles are able to selectively attract specific cyclocephaline scarab beetle pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stamm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Etl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Artur Campos D Maia
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Kagoshima H, Muraishi K, Tsuchida S, Shiraishi T, Takimoto R. Conjugate Addition of 2-Tributylstannyl-1,3-dithiane to α, β-Unsaturated Ketones by the Combined Use of Cu(OTf) 2 and Et 3SiOTf. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kagoshima
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muraishi
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Shusei Tsuchida
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Shiraishi
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takimoto
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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8
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Bookser BC, Weinhouse MI, Burns AC, Valiere AN, Valdez LJ, Stanczak P, Na J, Rheingold AL, Moore CE, Dyck B. Solvent-Controlled, Site-Selective N-Alkylation Reactions of Azolo-Fused Ring Heterocycles at N1-, N2-, and N3-Positions, Including Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Purines, [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5]pyridines, and Related Deaza-Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6334-6353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, Crystallography Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, mail code 0358, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Crystallography Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, mail code 0358, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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9
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Mas-Roselló J, Hachisu S, Clayden J. Geometry-Retentive C-Alkenylation of Lithiated α-Aminonitriles: Quaternary α-Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Shuji Hachisu
- Syngenta Agrochemicals; Jealotts Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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10
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Mas-Roselló J, Hachisu S, Clayden J. Geometry-Retentive C-Alkenylation of Lithiated α-Aminonitriles: Quaternary α-Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Shuji Hachisu
- Syngenta Agrochemicals; Jealotts Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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11
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Amoah E, Dieter RK. Regioselective 1,4-Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β–γ,δ-Dienones and α,β–γ,δ-Dienyl Thiol Esters. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2870-2888. [PMID: 28221034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amoah
- Hunter Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - R. Karl Dieter
- Hunter Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
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12
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Zou Y, Millar JG, Blackwood JS, Van Duzor R, Hanks LM, Mongold-Diers JA, Wong JCH, Ray AM. (2S,4E)-2-Hydroxy-4-octen-3-one, a Male-Produced Attractant Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Tylonotus bimaculatus. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:670-7. [PMID: 26149425 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification of a novel pheromone structure from males of the cerambycid beetle Tylonotus bimaculatus Haldeman (Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini), a species native to eastern North America. Volatiles collected from adult males contained (2S,4E)-2-hydroxyoct-4-en-3-one (71%), (3R,4E)-3-hydroxyoct-4-en-2-one (15%), (E)-4-octen-2,3-dione (13%), and 2,3-octanedione (1.5%). Four independent field bioassays with synthetic compounds confirmed that adults of both sexes were attracted by the racemate of the major component, (E)-2-hydroxyoct-4-en-3-one. No other cerambycid species were attracted in significant numbers. Attraction of both sexes is consistent with the male-produced pheromones of many other species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, but T. bimaculatus is unusual in having a pheromone chemistry that is so far unique among species in that subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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13
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Guang J, Liu QP, Hopson R, Williard PG. Lithium pinacolone enolate solvated by hexamethylphosphoramide. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7347-56. [PMID: 25933508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the crystal structure of a substoichiometric, HMPA-trisolvated lithium pinacolone enolate tetramer (LiOPin)4·HMPA3 abbreviated as T3. In this tetramer one HMPA binds to lithium more strongly than the other two causing a reduction in spatial symmetry with corresponding loss of C3 symmetry. A variety of NMR experiments, including HMPA titration, diffusion coefficient-formula weight (D-FW) analysis, and other multinuclear one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques reveal that T3 is the major species in hydrocarbon solution when more than 0.6 equiv of HMPA is present. Due to a small amount of moisture from HMPA or air leaking into the solution, a minor complex was identified and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis as a mixed aggregate containing enolate, lithium hydroxide, and HMPA in a 4:2:4 ratio, [(LiOPin)4·(LiOH)2·HMPA4], that we refer to as pseudo-T4. A tetra-HMPA-solvated lithium cyclopentanone enolate tetramer was also prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, leading to the conclusion that steric effects dominate the formation and solvation of the pinacolone aggregates. An unusual mixed aggregate consisting of pinacolone enolate, lithium diisopropyl amide, lithium oxide, and HMPA in the ratio 5:1:1:2 is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Qiyong Peter Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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14
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Kano T, Maruyama H, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Regioselectivity switch in chiral amine-catalysed asymmetric addition of aldehydes to reactive enals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10062-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselectivity switch was realized in the chiral amine-catalysed asymmetric addition of aldehydes to reactive enals, and either aldol adducts or conjugate adducts were obtained in a stereoselective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
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15
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Meister AC, Encinas A, Sahin H, Singer EMC, Nising CF, Nieger M, Bräse S. Total Synthesis of Blennolide Mycotoxins: Design, Synthetic Routes and Completion. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Suzuki M, Doi H, Koyama H, Zhang Z, Hosoya T, Onoe H, Watanabe Y. Pd0-Mediated Rapid Cross-Coupling Reactions, the RapidC-[11C]Methylations, Revolutionarily Advancing the Syntheses of Short-Lived PET Molecular Probes. CHEM REC 2014; 14:516-41. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; 35 Gengo Morioka-cho Obu-shi Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Hisashi Doi
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging; Riken Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST); 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Division of Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Zhouen Zhang
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging; Riken Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST); 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Division of Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging; Riken Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST); 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging; Riken Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST); 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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17
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Ye X, Sun X, Huang Z, Yang N, Su Z, Hu C, Song Z. Regioselective 1,4- over 1,2-addition of 3,3-bis(silyl) allyloxy lithium to enals, enones and enoates. The remarkable α-effect of silicon. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3021-5. [PMID: 24723152 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable α-effect of silicon has been discovered that results in soft nucleophilicity at the Cγ of 3,3-bis(silyl) allyloxy lithium 1. The addition of 1 to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, including enals, proceeds in a 1,4- over 1,2-manner with medium to good regioselectivity, whereas the parent allyloxy lithium 4 undergoes complete 1,2-addition. The results from DFT calculations of HMPAcomplexed 1 and 4 provide the rationale to explain this different regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincui Ye
- Key laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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18
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Tomasevich LL, Collum DB. Structure determination using the method of continuous variation: lithium phenolates solvated by protic and dipolar aprotic ligands. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7498-507. [PMID: 23806055 PMCID: PMC3759316 DOI: 10.1021/jo401080n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation (MCV) was used in conjunction with (6)Li NMR spectroscopy to characterize four lithium phenolates solvated by a range of solvents, including N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, Et2O, pyridine, protic amines, alcohols, and highly dipolar aprotic solvents. Dimers, trimers, and tetramers were observed, depending on the precise lithium phenolate-solvent combinations. Competition experiments (solvent swaps) provide insights into the relative propensities toward mixed solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Tomasevich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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20
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Shen X, Ni C, Hu J. Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation ofα,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds withα-Fluorinated Sulfones: Investigation of the Reversibility of 1,2-Additions and the Formation of 1,4-Adducts. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Pace V, Hoyos P, Castoldi L, Domínguez de María P, Alcántara AR. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF): a biomass-derived solvent with broad application in organic chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1369-79. [PMID: 22887922 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) can be derived from renewable resources (e.g., furfural or levulinic acid) and is a promising alternative solvent in the search for environmentally benign synthesis strategies. Its physical and chemical properties, such as its low miscibility with water, boiling point, remarkable stability compared to other cyclic-based solvents such as THF, and others make it appealing for applications in syntheses involving organometallics, organocatalysis, and biotransformations or for processing lignocellulosic materials. Interestingly, a significant number of industries have also started to assess 2-MeTHF in several synthetic procedures, often with excellent results and prospects. Likewise, preliminary toxicology assessments suggest that the use of 2-MeTHF might even be extended to more processes in pharmaceutical chemistry. This Minireview describes the properties of 2-MeTHF, the state-of-the-art of its use in synthesis, and covers several outstanding examples of its application from both industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Cherkupally P, Beier P. Nucleophilic additions of [(diethoxyphosphoryl)difluoromethyl]lithium to α,β-unsaturated compounds. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Lefranc J, Fournier AM, Mingat G, Herbert S, Marcelli T, Clayden J. Intramolecular Vinylation of Secondary and Tertiary Organolithiums. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7286-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301591m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Anne M. Fournier
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gaëlle Mingat
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Herbert
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Tommaso Marcelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio
Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via
Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road,
Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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25
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Suzuki M, Takashima-Hirano M, Koyama H, Yamaoka T, Sumi K, Nagata H, Hidaka H, Doi H. Efficient synthesis of [11C]H-1152, a PET probe specific for Rho-kinases, highly potential targets in diagnostic medicine and drug development. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Popescu AR, Musteti AD, Ferrer-Ugalde A, Viñas C, Núñez R, Teixidor F. Influential Role of Ethereal Solvent on Organolithium Compounds: The Case of Carboranyllithium. Chemistry 2012; 18:3174-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Hoyos P, Sinisterra JV, Pregnolato M, Sánchez-Montero JM. Highly regioselective control of 1,2-addition of organolithiums to α,β-unsaturated compounds promoted by lithium bromide in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran: a facile and eco-friendly access to allylic alcohols and amines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Zhao LM, Jin HS, Wan LJ, Zhang LM. General and Highly α-Regioselective Zinc-Mediated Prenylation of Aldehydes and Ketones. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1831-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Shan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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29
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de Ceglie MC, Musio B, Affortunato F, Moliterni A, Altomare A, Florio S, Luisi R. Solvent- and Temperature-Dependent Functionalisation of Enantioenriched Aziridines. Chemistry 2010; 17:286-96. [PMID: 21207624 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina de Ceglie
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 70125 Bari, Italy
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30
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Scholz R, Hellmann G, Rohs S, Raabe G, Runsink J, Özdemir D, Luche O, Heß T, Giesen AW, Atodiresei J, Lindner HJ, Gais HJ. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Enantiomerization of Lithium α-tert-Butylsulfonyl Carbanion Salts and the Determination of Their Structures in Solution and in the Crystal. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Fernández I, Oña-Burgos P, Oliva JM, Ortiz FL. Solution and Computed Structure of o-Lithium N,N-Diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinic Amide. Unprecedented Li−O−Li−O Self-Assembly of an Aryllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5193-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Oliva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Deora N, Carlier PR. Computational Studies of Ion-Pair Separation of Benzylic Organolithium Compounds in THF: Importance of Explicit and Implicit Solvation. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1061-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9016452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Deora
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Paul R. Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
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33
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De Vries TS, Goswami A, Liou LR, Gruver JM, Jayne E, Collum DB. Lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane: structure determination using the method of continuous variation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13142-54. [PMID: 19702308 PMCID: PMC2752606 DOI: 10.1021/ja9047784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation in conjunction with (6)Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The strategy relies on the formation of ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated phenolates. The symmetries and concentration dependencies of the heteroaggregates attest to the aggregation numbers of the homoaggregates. The structurally diverse phenols afford substrate- and solvent-dependent combinations of lithium phenolate monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. We discuss the refinement of protocols for characterizing O-lithiated species. Computational studies examine further the substituent and solvent dependencies of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S De Vries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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34
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Smith AB, Lin Q, Doughty VA, Zhuang L, McBriar MD, Kerns JK, Boldi AM, Murase N, Moser WH, Brook CS, Bennett CS, Nakayama K, Sobukawa M, Lee Trout RE. Spongipyran Synthetic Studies. Total Synthesis of (+)-Spongistatin 2. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:6470-6488. [PMID: 20161196 PMCID: PMC2712115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of a convergent synthetic strategy to access (+)-spongistatin 2 (2), a potent cytotoxic marine macrolide, is described. Highlights of the synthesis include: development of a multicomponent dithiane-mediated linchpin union tactic, devised and implemented specifically for construction of the spongistatin AB and CD spiro ring systems; application of a Ca(II) ion controlled acid promoted equilibration to set the thermodynamically less stable axial-equitorial stereogenicity in the CD spiroketal; use of sulfone addition/Julia methylenation sequences to unite the AB and CD fragments and introduce the C(44)-C(51) side chain; and fragment union and final elaboration to (+)-spongistatin 2 (2) exploiting Wittig olefination to unite the advanced ABCD and EF fragments, followed by regioselective Yamaguchi macrolactonization and global deprotection. Correction of the CD spiro ring stereogenicity was subsequently achieved via acid equilibration in the presence of Ca(II) ion to furnish (+)-spongistatin 2 (2). The synthesis proceeded with a longest linear sequence of 41 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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35
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Ocejo M, Carrillo L, Badía D, Vicario JL, Fernández N, Reyes E. Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Extended Conjugate Amides Using (S,S)-(+)-Pseudoephedrine as Chiral Auxiliary. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4404-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900397w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ocejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dolores Badía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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36
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Reich HJ, Sikorski WH, Sanders AW, Jones AC, Plessel KN. Multinuclear NMR Study of the Solution Structure and Reactivity of Tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium and its Iodine Ate Complex. J Org Chem 2008; 74:719-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - William H. Sikorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Aaron W. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Amanda C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kristin N. Plessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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37
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Macías FA, García-Díaz MD, Massanet GM, Gómez-Madero JF, Fronczek FR, Galindo JC. An easy access to bioactive 13-hydroxylated and 11,13-dihydroxylated sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) through Michael addition of a nucleophilic hydroxyl group. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Varea T, Alcalde A, Grancha A, Lloret J, Asensio G, Lledos A. Regioselectivity in the ligand-assisted addition of vinylmagnesium bromide: an experimental and theoretical study on the gamma-alkoxycyclobutenone model. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6521-33. [PMID: 18661942 DOI: 10.1021/jo800617y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 2 (M = Mg) obtained in the mono addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to squarates are attractive structural models to determine the influence of complexation between magnesium(II) and the alkoxide group on the regioselectivity of the 1,2- versus 1,4-addition of organomagnesium by complex induced proximity effects (CIPE). The 1,4-addition is observed almost exclusively in the case of vinylmagnesium in THF solution with formation of hydroxyketones type 5, which are always side or minor products in the known reaction of alkenyllithium derivatives. A comparative study on the reactivity of alkenyllithium and magnesiun derivatives is reported. The high regioselectivitity observed in the 1,4-addition of vinylmagnesium bromide is fully understood by computational studies of compounds 2 (M = Mg) at the DFT level with the density functional B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Varea
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. V.A. Estelles s/n 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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Chowdhury R, Ghosh SK. Sequential Double Olefination of 2-(Arylmethylidene)-2-phosphonoacetonitrile with Dimsyl Lithium and Aldehydes: A Domino Route to Densely Substituted 1,3-Butadienes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Liou LR, McNeil AJ, Ramirez A, Toombes GES, Gruver JM, Collum DB. Lithium enolates of simple ketones: structure determination using the method of continuous variation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4859-68. [PMID: 18336025 PMCID: PMC2636850 DOI: 10.1021/ja7100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation in conjunction with 6Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium enolates derived from 1-indanone, cyclohexanone, and cyclopentanone in solution. The strategy relies on forming ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated enolates. The enolates form exclusively chelated dimers in N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and cubic tetramers in tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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41
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Tang S, Han J, He J, Zheng J, He Y, Pan X, She X. Carbolithiation of substituted stilbenes and styrenes with dithianyllithiums. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Pizzuti MG, Minnaard AJ, Feringa BL. Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Organometallic Reagents to N-Formylimines Using Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligands. J Org Chem 2008; 73:940-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Pizzuti
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Iqbal M, Duffy P, Evans P, Cloughley G, Allan B, Lledó A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. The conjugate addition–Peterson olefination reaction for the preparation of cross-conjugated cyclopentenone, PPAR-γ ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4649-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b814619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Collum DB, McNeil AJ, Ramirez A. Lithium diisopropylamide: solution kinetics and implications for organic synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3002-17. [PMID: 17387670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a prominent reagent used in organic synthesis. In this Review, rate studies of LDA-mediated reactions are placed in the broader context of organic synthesis in three distinct segments. The first section provides a tutorial on solution kinetics, emphasizing the characteristic rate behavior caused by dominant solvation and aggregation effects. The second section summarizes substrate- and solvent-dependent mechanisms that reveal basic principles of solvation and aggregation. The final section suggests how an understanding of mechanism might be combined with empirical methods to optimize yields, rates, and selectivities of organolithium reactions and applied to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
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45
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Collum D, McNeil A, Ramirez A. Lithiumdiisopropylamid: Reaktionskinetik in Lösung und Folgerungen für die organische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Reyes E, Vicario JL, Carrillo L, Badía D, Uria U, Iza A. (S,S)-(+)-Pseudoephedrine as Chiral Auxiliary in Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Tandem Conjugate Addition/α-Alkylation Reactions. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7763-72. [PMID: 16995684 DOI: 10.1021/jo061205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium reagents undergo highly regio- and diastereoselective 1,4-addition to (S,S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine enamides furnishing the corresponding beta-alkyl-substituted adducts in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. In addition, the intermediate lithium enolates generated after the conjugate addition step undergo a highly diastereoselective alkylation reaction, furnishing alpha,beta-dialkyl-substituted amides in high yields. The obtained adducts have been converted into chiral nonracemic beta-alkyl- and alpha,beta-dialkyl-substituted carboxylic acids and gamma-alkyl- and beta,gamma-dialkyl-substituted alcohols using very simple and high-yielding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Reyes
- Departamento de Química Organica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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47
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Blay G, Fernández I, Monje B, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR, Vila C. Enantioselective synthesis of 2-substituted-1,4-diketones from (S)-mandelic acid enolate and α,β-enones. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Huang BH, Ko BT, Athar T, Lin CC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Determination of Polynuclear Lithium Aggregates and Factors Affecting Their Aggregation. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7348-56. [PMID: 16933937 DOI: 10.1021/ic060467w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [(mu3,mu3-EDBP)Li2]2[(mu3-nBu)Li(0.5Et2O)]2 (1) [EDBP-H2 = 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)] with 1 equiv of ROH in toluene gave [(mu3,mu3-EDBP)Li2]2[(mu3-OR)Li]2 [R = Bn (2), CH2CH2OEt (3), and nBu (4)]. In the presence of 3 equiv of tetrahydrofuran (THF), the hexanuclear compound 1 slowly decomposed to an unusual pentanuclear Li complex, [(mu2,mu3-EDBP)2Li4(THF)2][(mu3-nBu)Li] (5). Further reaction of 5 with ROH gave [(mu2,mu3-EDBP)2Li4(THF)3][(mu4-OR)Li] [R = Bn (6), nBu (7), and CH2CH2OEt (8)] without a major change in its skeleton. Treatment of 2 with an excess of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) yields [(mu2,mu2-EDBP)Li2(HMPA)2][(mu3-OBn)Li(HMPA)] (9). Compounds [(mu2,mu3-EDBP)2Li4(THF)][(mu4-OCH2CH2OEt)Li]2 (10) and [(mu2,mu2-EDBP)2Li4(mu4-OCH2CH2OEt)(HMPA)]-[Li(HMPA)4]+ (11) can be obtained by the reaction of 3 with an "oxygen-donor solvent" such as THF and HMPA, respectively. Among the compounds described above, 8 has shown great reactivity toward ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, yielding polymers with very low polydispersity indexes in a wide range of monomer-to-initiator ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Hunn Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Fernández I, Martínez-Viviente E, Breher F, Pregosin PS. 7Li, 31P, and 1H pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion NMR spectroscopy and ion pairing: on the temperature dependence of the ion pairing in Li(CPh3), fluorenyllithium, and Li[N(SiMe3)2] amongst other salts. Chemistry 2006; 11:1495-506. [PMID: 15657962 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
7Li, 31P, and 1H variable-temperature pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion methods have been used to study ion pairing and aggregation states for a range of lithium salts such as lithium halides, lithium carbanions, and a lithium amide in THF solutions. For trityllithium (2) and fluorenyllithium (9), it is shown that ion pairing is favored at 299 K but the ions are well separated at 155 K. For 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane (13) and lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LiHMDS 16), low-temperature data show that the ions remain together. For the dithio anion 13, a mononuclear species has been established, whereas for the lithium amide 16, the PGSE results allow two different aggregation states to be readily recognized. For the lithium halides LiX (X = Br, Cl, I) in THF, the 7Li PGSE data show that all three salts can be described as well-separated ions at ambient temperature. The solid state structure of trityllithium (2) is described and reveals a solvent-separated ion pair formed by a [Li(thf)4]+ ion and a bare triphenylmethide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETHZ HCI Hönggerberg 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gérard H, de la Lande A, Maddaluno J, Parisel O, Tuckerman ME. Revisiting the Structure of (LiCH3)n Aggregates Using Car−Parrinello Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4787-94. [PMID: 16599447 DOI: 10.1021/jp056326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical study of (LiMe)(n) aggregates using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics was undertaken. With respect to a quantum chemical static treatment, this approach furnishes supplementary information about the structural parameters. Equilibrium structures are indeed stable to ca. 300 K, provided the methyl groups in the aggregates are considered to rotate essentially freely. The Li-C distance depends on the coordination number of Li and not so much on the degree of aggregation. Finally, above 650 K, the cubic LiCH(3) tetramer (which is energetically favored) undergoes an entropy-driven rearrangement to a planar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gérard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-- Paris 6, UMR 7616, CC 137, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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