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Guo J, Du F, Yu B, Du P, Li H, Zhang J, Xin H. Heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers with two azulene units fused. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12589-12597. [PMID: 39118621 PMCID: PMC11304730 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Azulene, known for its unique electronic properties and structural asymmetry, serves as a promising building block for the design of novel non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of three diazulene-fused heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 8,17-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:2',1'-h]anthracene (trans configuration), 16,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-j]anthracene (cis configuration) and 3,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-i]phenanthrene (zigzag configuration). Three compounds are configurational isomers with different fusing patterns of aromatic rings. All three isomers exhibit pronounced aromaticity, as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. They exhibit characteristics of both azulene and benzenoid PAHs and are much more stable than their all-benzene analogues. The optical and electrochemical properties of these three isomers were investigated through UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry, revealing distinct behaviors influenced by their molecular configurations. Furthermore, the isomer in trans configuration exhibits promising semiconducting properties with a hole mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential in organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Fangxin Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Hanshen Xin
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
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Xiang J, Tan WL, Zhang J, Wang Y, Duan C, McNeill CR, Yang X, Ge C, Gao X. Poly(2,6-azuleneethynylene)s: Design, Synthesis, and Property Studies. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Congwu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Shoji T, Ando D, Yamazaki A, Ariga Y, Hamasaki A, Mori S, Okujima T, Ito S. Synthesis of 8-Aryl-2 H-cyclohepta[ b]furan-2-ones and Transformation into 4-Arylazulenes. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
| | - Daich Ando
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
| | - Akari Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
| | - Yukino Ariga
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
| | - Atom Hamasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561
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Zhu Q, Png ZM, Lin T, Loh XJ, Tang T, Xu J. Synthesis and Halochromic Properties of 1,2,6-Tri- and 1,2,3,6-Tetra-aryl Azulenes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1116-1122. [PMID: 34402212 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2,6-functionalized azulene molecules Azu1-3 with varied fluorene substituents at the 1- and 3-positions of azulene as well as at the 5'-position of 2-thiophene group were synthesized. Their electronic absorption and emission spectra at neutral and protonated states were examined. It was found that after functionalization with fluorenyl groups, Azu1-3 exhibited absorption maxima at 445, 451 to 468 nm, respectively. In contrast, their corresponding protonated species showed much redshifted absorption maxima at 560, 582 to 643 nm, respectively, mainly due to the extension of conjugation length and the large dipole moment along the C2v axis of 2,6-substituted azulene molecules. Azu1-3 are non-fluorescent in their neutral forms, but became emissive in their protonated states. Analysis of absorption and emission spectra shows that substitution of the 1- or 3-position of azulene led to decrease in response to trifluoroacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Tingting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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5
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Murfin LC, Lewis SE. Azulene-A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020353. [PMID: 33445502 PMCID: PMC7826776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluorescence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sections. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound.
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Dunås P, Murfin LC, Nilsson OJ, Jame N, Lewis SE, Kann N. Azulene Functionalization by Iron-Mediated Addition to a Cyclohexadiene Scaffold. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13453-13465. [PMID: 33085490 PMCID: PMC7660747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of azulenes via reaction with cationic η5-iron carbonyl diene complexes under mild reaction conditions is demonstrated. A range of azulenes, including derivatives of naturally occurring guaiazulene, were investigated in reactions with three electrophilic iron complexes of varying electronic properties, affording the desired coupling products in 43-98% yield. The products were examined with UV-vis/fluorescence spectroscopy and showed interesting halochromic properties. Decomplexation and further derivatization of the products provide access to several different classes of 1-substituted azulenes, including a conjugated ketone and a fused tetracycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Dunås
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lloyd C. Murfin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Convocation Avenue, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Oscar J. Nilsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Jame
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon E. Lewis
- Centre
for Sustainable Circular Technologies, University
of Bath, Convocation Avenue, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Convocation Avenue, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Nina Kann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Fu X, Han H, Zhang D, Yu H, He Q, Zhao D. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diradical with pH-responsive magnetic properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5565-5571. [PMID: 32874500 PMCID: PMC7441688 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By integrating azulene with a quinoid moiety, a novel non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule BCHF1 exhibiting manifold zwitterionic, quinoidal and diradical behaviors is designed and synthesized. Its zwitterionic feature is evidenced by the changes shown by the 1H-NMR and absorption spectra when the molecule undergoes reversible protonation and deprotonation reactions at varied pH. The diradical facet, manifesting a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE S-T), is characterized with a paramagnetic resonance signal detected by the EPR spectroscopy at room temperature. As the diradical properties are not observed in the protonated form, BCHF1+H+ , a pH-controlled reversible magnetic switching behavior is illustrated by monitoring the on and off cycles of EPR signals upon successively adding bases and acids to a solution or exposing a thin film of BCHF1+H+ to base vapor followed by acid vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Qilin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
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8
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Ohtsu K, Hayami R, Sagawa T, Tsukada S, Yamamoto K, Gunji T. Syntheses and properties of linear π-conjugated molecules composed of 1-azaazulene and azulene. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Costa A, López‐Castillo A. Polyazulenes and Polynaphthalenes: Prediction and Computational Study. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Costa
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos, SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - A. López‐Castillo
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos, SP 13560-970 Brazil
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10
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Ghasimi S, Landfester K, Zhang KAI. Water Compatible Conjugated Microporous Polyazulene Networks as Visible-Light Photocatalysts in Aqueous Medium. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Ghasimi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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11
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Gai L, Chen J, Zhao Y, Mack J, Lu H, Shen Z. Synthesis and properties of azulene-functionalized BODIPYs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A small series of BODIPY derivatives incorporating azulene were synthesized via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. There has better conjugation through 2-position as building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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12
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Rosenberg M, Dahlstrand C, Kilså K, Ottosson H. Excited State Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity: Opportunities for Photophysical and Photochemical Rationalizations. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5379-425. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300471v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian Dahlstrand
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristine Kilså
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Amir E, Murai M, Amir RJ, Cowart JS, Chabinyc ML, Hawker CJ. Conjugated oligomers incorporating azulene building blocks – seven- vs. five-membered ring connectivity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of isomeric azulene derivatives based on 7- versus 5-membered ring substitution were examined by the synthesis and characterization of well-defined electroactive oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Amir
- Department of Polymer and Plastics Engineering
- Shenkar College of Engineering and Design
- Ramat-Gan 52526, Israel
| | - Masahito Murai
- Materials Department
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Roey J. Amir
- School of Chemistry
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - John S. Cowart
- Materials Department
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
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Amir E, Amir RJ, Campos LM, Hawker CJ. Stimuli-responsive azulene-based conjugated oligomers with polyaniline-like properties. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10046-9. [PMID: 21650225 DOI: 10.1021/ja203267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel azulene building blocks, prepared via the cycloaddition of thiophene-S,S-dioxides and fulvenes, allow for incorporation of the seven-membered ring of the azulene nucleus directly into the backbone of conjugated materials. This unique mode of incorporation gives remarkably stable, stimuli-responsive materials upon exposure to acid. This simple doping/dedoping strategy provides for effective optical band gap control and on/off fluorescence switching, reminiscent of polyaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Amir
- Materials Department, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Seiler P, Werthemann D. Protonierungs- und Deprotonierungskinetik des Systems Azulen-Azuleniumkation, ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis derHammett'schen Ho-Aciditätsfunktion. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19710540838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Budac D, Wan P. Excited state carbon acids. Photodeprotonation and photoreduction of suberenes by amines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(96)04345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Nanney J, Mahaffy C. The prediction of the 19F NMR spectra of fluoro-substituted arenetricarbonylchromium complexes. Part II. Inorganica Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Rösen P, Stier A. Kinetics of CO and O 2 complexes of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P 450 . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 51:603-11. [PMID: 4145062 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Grellmann KH, Palmowski J, Quinkert G. Kinetische Spektrophotometrie von 7,8-polyphenyl-substituierteo-Chinodimethan-Derivate enthaltenden Relaxationssystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19710830605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Grellmann KH, Palmowski J, Quinkert G. Kinetic Spectrophotometry of Relaxation Systems Containing 7,8-Polyphenyl-Substitutedo-Quinodimethane Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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