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Bird MJ, Dawson PE. A Shelf Stable Fmoc Hydrazine Resin for the Synthesis of Peptide Hydrazides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022; 114:e24268. [PMID: 36387422 PMCID: PMC9662761 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal hydrazides are an important class of synthetic peptides with an ever expanding scope of applications, but their widespread application for chemical protein synthesis has been hampered due to the lack of stable resin linkers for synthesis of longer and more challenging peptide hydrazide fragments. We present a practical method for the regeneration, loading, and storage of trityl-chloride resins for the production of hydrazide containing peptides, leveraging 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate. We show that these resins are extremely stable under several common resin storage conditions. The application of these resins to solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is demonstrated through the synthesis of the 40-mer GLP-1R agonist peptide "P5". These studies support the broad utility of Fmoc-NHNH-Trt resins for SPPS of C-terminal hydrazide peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bird
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Recent advances in the preparation of Fmoc-SPPS-based peptide thioester and its surrogates for NCL-type reactions. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Huang YC, Fang GM, Liu L. Chemical synthesis of proteins using hydrazide intermediates. Natl Sci Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Protein chemical synthesis offers useful and otherwise-difficulty-to-obtain biomacromolecules for biological and pharmaceutical studies. Recently, the hydrazide chemistry has drawn attentions in this field as peptide or protein hydrazides can be used as key intermediates for different synthesis and modification purposes. Besides being a traditional bioorthogonal chemical handle, a hydrazide group can serve as a readily accessible precursor of a thioester. This strategy significantly improves the efficiency and scope of native chemical ligation for protein chemical synthesis. Here we review the chemical transformations of peptide or protein hydrazides and total/semi/enzymatic protein synthesis methods involving peptide or protein hydrazides. Several examples of protein chemical synthesis using peptide hydrazides as key intermediates are described.
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Zeng C, Tan Z. New Methods for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 363:155-92. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zheng JS, Tang S, Huang YC, Liu L. Development of new thioester equivalents for protein chemical synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2475-84. [PMID: 23701458 DOI: 10.1021/ar400012w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of proteins provides synthetic chemists with an interesting challenge and supports biological research through the generation of proteins that are not produced naturally. Although it offers advantages, studies of solid phase peptide synthesis have established limits for this technique: researchers can only prepare peptides up to 50 amino acids in length in sufficient yields and purity. Therefore, researchers have developed techniques to condense peptide segments to build longer polypeptide chains. The method of choice for chemical synthesis of these longer polypeptides is convergent condensation of unprotected protein fragments by the native chemical ligation reaction in aqueous buffer. As researchers apply this strategy to increasingly difficult protein targets, they have needed to overcome diverse problems such as the requirement for a thiol-containing amino acid residue at the ligation site, the difficulty in synthesizing thioester intermediates under mild conditions, and the challenge of condensing multiple peptide segments with higher efficiency. In this Account, we describe our research toward the development of new thioester equivalents for protein chemical synthesis. We have focused on a simple idea of finding new chemistry to selectively convert a relatively "low-energy" acyl group such as an ester or amide to a thioester under mild conditions. We have learned that this seemingly unfavorable acyl substitution process can occur by the coupling of the ester or amide with another energetically favorable reaction, such as the irreversible hydrolysis of an enamine or condensation of a hydrazide with nitrous acid. Using this strategy, we have developed several new thioester equivalents that we can use for the condensation of protein segments. These new thioester equivalents not only improve the efficiency for the preparation of the intermediates needed for protein chemical synthesis but also allow for the design of new convergent routes for the condensation of multiple protein fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Li YM, Yang MY, Huang YC, Li YT, Chen PR, Liu L. Ligation of expressed protein α-hydrazides via genetic incorporation of an α-hydroxy acid. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1015-22. [PMID: 22424086 DOI: 10.1021/cb300020s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expressed protein ligation bridges the gap between synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins and thereby significantly increases the size and complexity of chemically synthesized proteins. Although the intein-based expressed protein ligation method has been extensively used in this regard, the development of new expressed protein ligation methods may improve the flexibility and power of protein semisynthesis. In this study a new alternative version of expressed protein ligation is developed by combining the recently developed technologies of hydrazide-based peptide ligation and genetic code expansion. Compared to the previous intein-based expressed protein ligation method, the new method does not require the use of protein splicing technology and generates recombinant protein α-hydrazides as ligation intermediates that are more chemically stable than protein α-thioesters. Furthermore, the use of an evolved mutant pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase(PylRS), ACPK-RS, from M. barkeri shows an improved performance for the expression of recombinant protein backbone oxoesters. By using HdeA as a model protein we demonstrate that the hydrazide-based method can be used to synthesize proteins with correctly folded structures and full biological activity. Because the PylRS-tRNACUAPyl system is compatible with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,the strategy presented here may be readily expanded to manipulate proteins produced in mammalian cells. The new hydrazide-based method may also supplement the intein-based expressed protein ligation method by allowing for a more flexible selection of ligation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Li
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mai-Yun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Tong Li
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng R. Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Fang GM, Li YM, Shen F, Huang YC, Li JB, Lin Y, Cui HK, Liu L. Protein Chemical Synthesis by Ligation of Peptide Hydrazides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Fang GM, Li YM, Shen F, Huang YC, Li JB, Lin Y, Cui HK, Liu L. Protein chemical synthesis by ligation of peptide hydrazides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7645-9. [PMID: 21648030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Min Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Romovacek H, Drabarek S, Kawasaki K, Dowd SR, Obermeier R, Hofmann K. STUDIES ON POLYPEPTIDES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1974.tb02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Narita M, Ishikawa K, Chen JY, Kim Y. Prediction and improvement of protected peptide solubility in organic solvents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1984; 24:580-7. [PMID: 6530333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb03163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A predictive method of solubility for protected peptide fragments of globular proteins was described. The solubility prediction was performed on the basis of both the randomness of peptide structures in a solid state and the existence of tertiary peptide bonds such as X-Pro and X-(Z) Y bonds, in which X and Y are arbitrary amino acid residues and Z is a suitable protecting group for the X-Y peptide bond. In order to predict the randomness, the coil conformational parameter, Pc, was utilized. Solubility prediction by this method was successfully applied to the two classes of protected peptides composed solely of hydrophobic and of various amino acid residues. The solubility test results also indicate that the protection of peptide bonds at suitable intervals is effective in achieving a remarkable improvement in the solubility of extraordinarily insoluble peptides. Lastly, the strategy for the selection of the coupling routes in the protein syntheses was proposed.
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Fontana A, Toniolo C. The chemistry of tryptophan in peptides and proteins. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1976; 33:309-449. [PMID: 62695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3262-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Moroder L, Borin G, Marchiori F, Scoffone E. Synthetic peptides related to the entire sequence of yeast iso-1-cytochrome C. Biopolymers 1972; 11:2191-4. [PMID: 4342758 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1972.360111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Campbell MK, Ts'o PO. Binding of purine nucleoside monophosphates by ribonuclease T-1. A model system for protein nucleic acid interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 232:427-35. [PMID: 5572615 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Toniolo C, Jori G. A novel procedure to titrate the thiol function of cysteine residues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 214:368-370. [PMID: 5501376 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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