1
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Urban A, De Feyter S. Making and Breaking Helical Open-Chain Oligopyrroles. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300708. [PMID: 38224308 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Closed-chain oligopyrroles such as porphyrins or corroles have been well-established in literature and experience a steadily strong interest by several fields of science. However, their open-chain derivatives are comparatively underrepresented, despite their intriguing properties and promising applications. Here, we aim to review typical synthetic routes, as well as point towards several emergent properties, marking them as interesting candidates for various fields of study. The review focuses on two traditional methods (each starting from highly symmetric metalloporphyrins) and then expands its scope towards more recent variations before moving on to more exotic and recent highlights that have yet to be included into the canon. Key chemical reactivities (ring closure, substitution and fragmentation) are then followed by notable physicochemical properties, placing special emphasis on potential uses in molecular electronics and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Urban
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Open-chain Tetrapyrrole Pigments–Bilirubins, Biliverdins, Phycobilins, and Synthetic Analogues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Takiguchi A, Sakakibara E, Sugimoto H, Shoji O, Shinokubo H. A Heme‐Acquisition Protein Reconstructed with a Cobalt 5‐Oxaporphyrinium Cation and Its Growth‐Inhibition Activity Toward Multidrug‐Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Erika Sakakibara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | | | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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4
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Takiguchi A, Sakakibara E, Sugimoto H, Shoji O, Shinokubo H. A Heme-Acquisition Protein Reconstructed with a Cobalt 5-Oxaporphyrinium Cation and Its Growth-Inhibition Activity Toward Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112456. [PMID: 34913238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Using artificial hemes for the reconstruction of natural heme proteins represents a fascinating approach to enhance the bioactivity of the latter. Here, we report the synthesis of various metal 5-oxaporphyrinium cations as cofactors, and a cobalt 5-oxaporphyrinium cation was successfully incorporated into the heme-acquisition protein (HasA) secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesize that the oxaporphyrinium cation strongly bound to the HasA-specific outer membrane receptor (HasR) due to its cationic charge, which prevents the subsequent acquisition of heme. In fact, the reconstructed HasA inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and even of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Takiguchi
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Engineering School of Engineering: Nagoya Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, 464-8603, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Erika Sakakibara
- Nagoya University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Nagoya Daigaku Rigakubu Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka, Department of Chemistry, 464-8602, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | | | - Osami Shoji
- Nagoya University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Nagoya Daigaku Rigakubu Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka, Department of Chemistry, 464-8602, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, JAPAN
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5
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Nguyen THT, Eerdun C, Okayama T, Hisanaga S, Tominaga T, Mochida T, Setsune JI. Stereochemistry and chiroptical properties of bimetallic single helicates of hexapyrrole-α, ω-dicarbaldimines with high diastereoselectivity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842462150111x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic complexes of hexapyrrole-[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dicarbaldimines consisting of a pair of four-coordinate metal sites adopt a helical closed [Formula: see text]-symmetric form or sigmoidal open forms depending on whether the 2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyrrole subunit at the center of the hexapyrrole chain takes cis- or trans-conformation. X-ray crystallography of a bisNi complex having N-[([Formula: see text]-1-cyclohexylethyl]carbaldimine units at both ends of the hexapyrrole chain revealed a non-symmetric heterohelical open form where the metal coordination sites of opposite helical sense sit on opposite sides of the central 2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyrrole subunit. BisPd complexes preferred a closed [Formula: see text] form and a steric bulk at the 3,3[Formula: see text]-position of the 2,2[Formula: see text]-bipyrrole subunit improved the helical sense bias. A bisPd complex with N-[([Formula: see text]-1-cyclohexylethyl]carbaldimine units adopts a helical closed [Formula: see text] form exclusively with full bias for a [Formula: see text]-helical sense. These bimetallic single stranded helicates were reversibly oxidized to [Formula: see text]-cation radicals at 0.1[Formula: see text]0.3 V vs. a ferrocene/ferrocenium couple and spectroelectrochemistry revealed remarkable absorption and CD spectral changes in the Vis-NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hien Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chaolu Eerdun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University Jinshan Econimic & Technology Development District, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Takuya Okayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hisanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Tominaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Setsune
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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6
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A new PEPPSI type N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex and its efficiency as a catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in water. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-1754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Ha K. trans-Bis(pyridine-κ N)bis(thiocyanato-κ S)palladium(II). IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618014062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title complex, [Pd(SCN)2(C5H4N)2], the PdIIion has atrans-N2S2square-planar coordination sphere defined by two pyridine ligands and two S-bound SCN−anions. The PdIIcation lies on an inversion centre, thus the asymmetric unit contains one half of the complex, the PdN2S2moiety is exactly planar and the two pyridine rings are parallel. In the crystal, the complex molecules are stacked in columns along thea-axis direction.
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8
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Potocny AM, Pistner AJ, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and 1O 2 Sensitization Characteristics of Synthetically Accessible Linear Tetrapyrrole Complexes of Palladium and Platinum. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12703-12711. [PMID: 28991441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical characterization of a 10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene (DMBil1) linear tetrapyrrole supporting PdII or PtII centers is presented. Both of these nonmacrocyclic tetrapyrrole platforms are robust and easily prepared via modular routes. X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that the Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] complexes adopt similar structures and incorporate a single PdII and PtII center, respectively. Additionally, electrochemical experiments revealed that both Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] can undergo two discrete oxidation and reduction processes. Spectroscopic experiments carried out for Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] provide further understanding of the electronic structure of these systems. Both complexes strongly absorb light in the UV-visible region, especially in the 350-600 nm range. Both Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] are luminescent under a nitrogen atmosphere. Upon photoexcitation of Pd[DMBil1], two emission bands are observed; fluorescence is detected from ∼500-700 nm and phosphorescence from ∼700-875 nm. Photoexcitation of Pt[DMBil1] leads only to phosphorescence, presumably due to enhanced intersystem crossing imparted by the heavier PtII center. Phosphorescence from both complexes is quenched under air due to energy transfer from the excited triplet state to ground state oxygen. Accordingly, irradiation with light of λ ≥ 500 nm prompts Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] to photosensitize the generation of 1O2 (singlet oxygen) with impressive quantum yields of 80% and 78%, respectively. The synthetic accessibility of these complexes coupled with their ability to efficiently photosensitize 1O2 may make them attractive platforms for development of new agents for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Potocny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Allen J Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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9
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Ha K. Crystal structure of trans-dibromidodi(pyridine-κ N)palladium(II), PdBr 2(C 5H 5N) 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C10H10Br2N2Pd, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.6549(3) Å, b = 7.0210(3) Å, c = 7.7723(4) Å, α = 80.031(3)°, β = 84.601(2)°, γ = 89.222(2)°, V = 302.58(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0309, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0841, T = 223(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ha
- Chonnam National University, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Catalysis, Gwangju 500–757, Republic of Korea
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10
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Pistner AJ, Pupillo RC, Yap GPA, Lutterman DA, Ma YZ, Rosenthal J. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and (1)O2 sensitization characteristics of 10,10-dimethylbiladiene complexes of zinc and copper. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10639-48. [PMID: 25187099 PMCID: PMC4234430 DOI: 10.1021/jp506412r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthesis, electrochemistry,
and photophysical characterization
of a 10,10-dimethylbiladiene tetrapyrrole bearing ancillary pentafluorophenyl
groups at the 5- and 15-meso positions (DMBil1) is presented. This nonmacrocyclic tetrapyrrole platform is robust
and can serve as an excellent ligand scaffold for Zn2+ and
Cu2+ centers. X-ray diffraction studies conducted for DMBil1 along with the corresponding Zn[DMBil1] and Cu[DMBil1] complexes show that this ligand scaffold
binds a single metal ion within the tetrapyrrole core. Additionally,
electrochemical experiments revealed that all three of the aforementioned
compounds display an interesting redox chemistry as the DMBil1 framework can be both oxidized and reduced by two electrons. Spectroscopic
and photophysical experiments carried out for DMBil1, Zn[DMBil1], and Cu[DMBil1] provide a basic picture
of the electronic properties of these platforms. All three biladiene
derivatives strongly absorb light in the visible region and are weakly
emissive. The ability of these compounds to sensitize the formation
of 1O2 at wavelengths longer than 500 nm was
probed. Both the free base and Zn2+ 10,10-dimethylbiladiene
architectures show modest efficiencies for 1O2 sensitization. The combination of structural, electrochemical, and
photophysical data detailed herein provides a basis for the design
of additional biladiene constructs for the activation of O2 and other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Cuesta L, Sessler JL. π-Metal complexes of tetrapyrrolic systems. A novel coordination mode in “porphyrin-like” chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2716-29. [DOI: 10.1039/b905850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Bröring M, Köhler S, Link S, Burghaus O, Pietzonka C, Kelm H, Krüger HJ. Iron Chelates of 2,2′-Bidipyrrin: Stable Analogues of the Labile Iron Bilins. Chemistry 2008; 14:4006-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Wood TE, Thompson A. Advances in the chemistry of dipyrrins and their complexes. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1831-61. [PMID: 17430001 DOI: 10.1021/cr050052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha E Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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14
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Bröring M, Link S, Brandt CD, Tejero EC. Helical Transition-Metal Complexes of Constrained 2,2′-Bidipyrrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Szterenberg L, Latos-Grazyński L, Wojaczyński J. Metallobiliverdin radicals--DFT studies. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:691-8. [PMID: 12901300 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several aspects of the molecular and electronic structure of biliverdin derivatives have been studied using density functional theory (DFT). The calculations have been performed for complexes of trianion (BvO2)3- and dianion [BvO(OH)]2-, derived from two tautomeric forms of biliverdin, BvO2H3 and [BvO(OH)]H2, with redox innocent metal ions: lithium(I), zinc(II), and gallium(III). One-electron-oxidized and reduced forms of each complex (cation and anion radicals) have been also considered. The molecular structures of all species investigated are characterized by a helical arrangement of tetrapyrrolic ligands with the metal ion lying in the plane formed by the two central pyrrole rings. The spin density distribution in four types of metallobiliverdin radicals--[(BvO2.)Mn+]n-2,[[BvO(OH).]Mn+]n-1 (cation radicals),[(BvO2.)Mn+]n-4,[[BvO(OH).]Mn+]n-3 (anion radicals)--has been investigated. In general, the absolute values of spin density on meso carbon atoms were larger than for the beta-carbon atoms. Sign alteration of spin density has been found for meso positions, and also for the beta-carbon atoms of at least two pyrrole rings. The calculated spin density maps accounted for the essential NMR spectroscopic features of iron biliverdin derivatives, including the considerable isotropic shifts detected for the meso resonances and shift alteration at the meso and beta-positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Bröring M, Tejero EC, Pfister A, Brandt CD, Pérez Torrente JJ. Unexpected formation and structural characterisation of a novel rhodium B12 analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:3058-9. [PMID: 12536815 DOI: 10.1039/b208935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metalation reactions of the 2,2'-bidipyrrin 4 with different rhodium(I) precursors yield the complexes 5 and 6 and the unusual corrinoid 7, depending only on the type of the ancillary ligand employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bröring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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