1
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Qin J, Zhu S, Chu L. Dual Photoredox-/Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Halides and Triflates. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Fu L, Chen Q, Nishihara Y. Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Acyl Fluorides with Potassium Perfluorobenzoates. Org Lett 2020; 22:6388-6393. [PMID: 32806213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the transition metal-free decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of acyl fluorides with potassium perfluorobenzoates. Compared with traditional transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, this protocol presents an extremely environmentally benign pathway to afford unsymmetrical diaryl ketones. To install perfluorophenyl groups, this method highlights highly selective, inexpensive, and nontoxic conditions. The reaction system tolerates various functional groups in acyl fluorides. Remarkably, all of the starting materials can be prepared from abundant carboxylic acids and the reaction proceeds without any catalysts and additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Fu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Qiang Chen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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3
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Xie W, Heo J, Kim D, Chang S. Copper-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes by Using Hydrocarbons as an Alkylating Source. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7487-7496. [PMID: 32233362 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Construction of carbon-carbon bonds is one of the most important tools in chemical synthesis. In the previously established cross-coupling reactions, prefunctionalized starting materials were usually employed in the form of aryl or alkyl (pseudo)halides or their metalated derivatives. However, the direct use of arenes and alkanes via a 2-fold oxidative C-H bond activation strategy to access chemoselective C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings is highly challenging due to the low reactivity of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and the difficulty in suppressing side reactions such as homocouplings. Herein, we present the new development of a copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of polyfluoroarenes with alkanes under mild conditions. Relatively weak sp3 C-H bonds at the benzylic or allylic positions, and nonactivated hydrocarbons could be alkylated by the newly developed catalyst system. A moderate-to-high site selectivity was observed among various C-H bonds present in hydrocarbon reactants, including gaseous feedstocks and complex molecules. Mechanistic information was obtained by performing combined experimental and computational studies to reveal that the copper catalyst plays a dual role in activating both alkane sp3 C-H bonds and sp2 polyfluoroarene C-H bonds. It was also suggested that the noncovalent π-π interaction and weak hydrogen bonds formed in situ between the optimal ligand and arene substrates are key to facilitating the current coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Li S, Li WJ, Yang X, Sun R, Tang J, Zheng XL, Yuan ML, Li RX, Chen H, Fu HY. Selective direct C–H polyfluoroarylation of electron-deficient N-heterocyclic compounds. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol of C2-selective direct C–H polyfluoroarylation of six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds with polyfluorobenzoic acid via corresponding N-methyl quaternary ammonium salts.
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5
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Fukuyama T, Nishikawa T, Ryu I. Site-Selective C(sp3
)-H Functionalization of Fluorinated Alkanes Driven by Polar Effects Using a Tungstate Photocatalyst. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; National Chiao Tung University; 30010 Hsinchu Taiwan
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6
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Rosenthal U. Advantages of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes as Metallocene Sources Towards Other Synthetically used Systems. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1036-1047. [PMID: 31406652 PMCID: PMC6682945 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Active species for synthetic and catalytic applications are formed from well defined complexes or mixtures of compounds. For group 4 metallocenes, three pathways for the formation of the reactive complex fragment [Cp'2M] are known: (i) reductive mixtures and well defined complexes which are able to form the metallocene fragments either by (ii) addition or (iii) substitution reactions. In this account for each of theses systems (i)-(iii) a prominent example will be discussed in detail, (i) the Negishi reagent Cp2ZrCl2/n-BuLi, (ii) bis(η5 : η1-pentafulvene) complexes and (iii) metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes, to show the advantages and the disadvantages for each of these methods for synthetic applications. This account summarizes some main advantages of group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes as metallocene generating agents over other synthetically used systems. For each of the special purposes, all described systems have advantages as well as disadvantages. The aim of this overview is to help synthetic chemists in selecting the most effective system on the basis of [Cp'2M] (M=Ti, Zr) for synthetic or catalytic puposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at theUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29 A19059RostockGermany
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7
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Simonetti M, Kuniyil R, Macgregor SA, Larrosa I. Benzoate Cyclometalation Enables Oxidative Addition of Haloarenes at a Ru(II) Center. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11836-11847. [PMID: 30134657 PMCID: PMC6192667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
first Ru(II)-catalyzed arylation of substrates without a directing
group was recently developed. Remarkably, this process only worked
in the presence of a benzoate additive, found to be crucial for the
oxidative addition step at Ru(II). However, the exact mode of action
of the benzoate was unknown. Herein, we disclose a mechanistic study
that elucidates the key role of the benzoate salt in the C–H
arylation of fluoroarenes with aryl halides. Through a combination
of rationally designed stoichiometric experiments and DFT studies,
we demonstrate that the aryl–Ru(II) species arising from initial
C–H activation of the fluoroarene undergoes cyclometalation
with the benzoate to generate an anionic Ru(II) intermediate. The
enhanced lability of this intermediate, coupled with the electron-rich
anionic Ru(II) metal center renders the oxidative addition of the
aryl halide accessible. The role of an additional (NMe4)OC(CF3)3 additive in facilitating the overall
arylation process is also shown to be linked to a shift in the C–H
pre-equilibrium associated with benzoate cyclometalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Simonetti
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , U.K
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , U.K
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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8
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Chen Q, Wu A, Qin S, Zeng M, Le Z, Yan Z, Zhang H. Ni-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Potassium Polyfluorobenzoates with Unactivated Phenol and Phenylmethanol Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Aizhen Wu
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Qin
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Le
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Yan
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 People's Republic of China
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9
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Xie W, Park SW, Jung H, Kim D, Baik MH, Chang S. Conjugate Addition of Perfluoroarenes to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls Enabled by an Alkoxide-Hydrosilane System: Implication of a Radical Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9659-9668. [PMID: 29990423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is a key strategy for the construction of carbon-carbon bond in organic synthesis. Although direct C-H addition to unsaturated bonds via transition metal catalysis is explored in recent years, electron-deficient arenes that do not bear directing groups continue to be challenging. Herein we disclose the first example of a conjugate addition of perfluoroarenes to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls enabled by an alkoxide-hydrosilane system. The reaction is convenient to carry out at room temperature over a broad range of substrates and reactants to furnish synthetically versatile products in high to excellent yields. Mechanistic experiments in combination with computational studies suggest that a radical pathway is most likely operative in this transformation. The hypervalent silicate and silanide species, which are relevant to the proposed mechanism, were observed experimentally by NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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10
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Varaksin MV, Moseev TD, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Direct C-Li/C-H coupling of pentafluorophenyl lithium with azines - An atom- and step-economical strategy for the synthesis of polyfluoroaryl azaaromatics. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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12
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Lin Y, Cai M, Fang Z, Zhao H. Highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of potassium polyfluorobenzoates with aryl halides leading to polyfluorobiaryls. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The decarboxylative cross-coupling of potassium polyfluorobenzoates with aryl halides has been achieved using a recyclable MCM-41-immobilized 1,10-phenanthroline copper(i) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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13
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Maaliki C, Thiery E, Thibonnet J. Emergence of Copper-Mediated Formation of C-C Bonds. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Maaliki
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
| | - Emilie Thiery
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
| | - Jérôme Thibonnet
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
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14
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Chen WB, Xing CH, Dong J, Hu QS. Electron-Poor, Fluoro-Containing Arylboronic Acids as Efficient Coupling Partners for Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)/Tricyclohexylphosphine-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Arenesulfonates. Adv Synth Catal 2016; 358:2072-2076. [PMID: 28751852 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of electron-poor, fluoro-containing arylboronic acids as general coupling partners for nickel(0) /tricyclohexylphosphine-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl arenesulfonates is described. Electron-poor fluoro-containing arylboronic acids were found to react, faster than electron-rich/neutral arylboronic acids, with (4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylbenzenesulfonato-κO)bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel. Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)/tricyclohexylphosphine, (4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylbenzenesulfonato-κO)bis(tricyclohexylpho sphine)nickel and bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel (II) bromide were all found to be efficient catalysts/catalyst precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, 10314 and the Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Chun-Hui Xing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, 10314 and the Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, 10314 and the Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Qiao-Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, 10314 and the Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
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15
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Senaweera S, Weaver JD. Dual C-F, C-H Functionalization via Photocatalysis: Access to Multifluorinated Biaryls. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2520-3. [PMID: 26890498 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifluorinated biaryls are challenging to synthesize and yet are an important class of molecules. Because of the difficulty associated with selective fluorination, this class of molecules represent a formidable synthetic challenge. An alternative approach to selective fluorination of biaryls is to couple an arene that already possesses C-F bonds in the desired location. This strategy has been regularly utilized and relies heavily on traditional cross-coupling strategies that employ organometallics and halides (or pseudohalides) in order to achieve the coupling. Herein we report conditions for the photocatalytic coupling via direct functionalization of the C-F bond of a perfluoroarene and C-H bond of the other arene to provide an expedient route to multifluorinated biaryls. The mild conditions and good functional group tolerance enable a broad scope, including access to the anti-Minisci product of basic heterocycles. Finally, we demonstrate the value of the C-F functionalization approach by utilizing the high fluorine content to systematically build complex biaryls containing between two and five Caryl-F bonds via the synergistic use of photocatalysis and SNAr chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Senaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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16
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Meyer AU, Slanina T, Yao CJ, König B. Metal-Free Perfluoroarylation by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas U. Meyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Quadrupolar D-π-A-π-D chromophores with central tetrafluorobenzene acceptor and two peripheral N,N-dimethylamino and methoxy donors. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Sun Y, Sun H, Jia J, Du A, Li X. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Fluorinated Arenes from Perfluorinated Arenes Coupled with Grignard Reagents. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4011609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Jia
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Du
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Zhang HH, Dong J, Hu QS. tBu 3P-Coordinated 2-Phenylaniline-Based Palladacycle Complex As Precatalyst for Pd-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Polyfluoroarenes via C-H Activation Strategy. European J Org Chem 2014; 2014:1327-1332. [PMID: 24778575 PMCID: PMC4000033 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
tBu3P-Coordinated 2-phenylaniline-based palladacycle complex was demonstrated to be an efficient precatalyst for Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halides with polyfluoroarenes via C-H activation strategy. The readily accessibility and easy handling nature of tBu3P- coordinated 2-aminobiphenyl-based palladacycle complex and the high yields of the reaction makes tBu3P-coordinated 2-aminobiphenyl-based palladacycle complex an attractive precatalyst for the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with polyfluoroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiao-Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, 10314, United States
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20
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Ma X, Liu Y, Liu P, Xie J, Dai B, Liu Z. Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of polyfluoroarene and facile synthesis of liquid crystal compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
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Chang JWW, Chia EY, Chai CLL, Seayad J. Scope of direct arylation of fluorinated aromatics with aryl sulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2289-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Gessner VH, Tannaci JF, Miller AD, Tilley TD. Assembly of macrocycles by zirconocene-mediated, reversible carbon-carbon bond formation. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:435-46. [PMID: 21473633 DOI: 10.1021/ar100148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds have attracted considerable attention in numerous applications, including host-guest chemistry, chemical sensing, catalysis, and materials science. A major obstacle, however, is the limited number of convenient, versatile, and high-yielding synthetic routes to functionalized macrocycles. Macrocyclic compounds have been typically synthesized by ring-closing or condensation reactions, but many of these procedures produce mixtures of oligomers and cyclic compounds. As a result, macrocycle syntheses are often associated with difficult separations and low yields. Some successful approaches that circumvent these problems are based on "self-assembly" processes utilizing reversible bond-forming reactions, but for many applications, it is essential that the resulting macrocycle be built with a strong covalent bond network. In this Account, we describe how zirconocene-mediated reductive couplings of alkynes can provide reversible carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions well-suited for this purpose. Zirconocene coupling of alkenes and alkynes has been used extensively as a source of novel, versatile pathways to functionalized organic compounds. Here, we describe the development of zirconocene-mediated reductive couplings as a highly efficient method for the preparation of macrocycles and cages with diverse compositions, sizes, and shapes. This methodology is based on the reversible, regioselective coupling of alkynes with bulky substituents. In particular, silyl substituents provide regioselective, reversible couplings that place them into the α-positions of the resulting zirconacyclopentadiene rings. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic studies, the mechanism of this coupling involves a stepwise process, whereby an insertion of the second alkyne influences regiochemistry through both steric and electronic factors. Zirconocene coupling of diynes that incorporate silyl substituents generates predictable macrocyclic products in very high yields. In the absence of significant steric repulsion, the macrocyclization appears to be entropically driven, thereby providing the smallest strain-free macrocyclic structure. The scope of the reaction has been explored by variation of the spacer group between the alkynyl substituents and by incorporation of functional and chiral groups into the macrocycle. The size and shape of the resulting macrocycles are largely determined by the length and geometry of the dialkyne spacer, especially in the case of terminal trimethylsilyl-substituted diynes. For example, linear, rigid diynes with four or fewer phenylene rings lead to trimeric macrocycles, whereas bent or flexible diynes produce dimers. Depending on the reaction conditions, functional groups (such as N-heterocycles and imines) are tolerated in zirconocene coupling reactions, and in selected cases, they can be used to influence the shape of the final macrocyclic product. More recently, Cp(2)Zr(pyr)(Me(3)SiC≡CSiMe(3)) has been employed as a more general zirconocene synthon; it affords higher yields and increased functional group tolerance. Functional groups can also be incorporated through transformation of the zirconacyclopentadiene products, with acid hydrolysis to the corresponding butadiene being the most efficient derivatization. Furthermore, construction of chiral macrocycles has been accomplished by stereoselective macrocyclizations, and triynes have been coupled into three-dimensional cage compounds. We also discuss various design factors, providing a perspective on the utility of zirconocene-mediated couplings in the assembly of macrocyclic and cage compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - John F. Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Adam D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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23
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Gessner VH, Tilley TD. Diphenylanthracene Macrocylces from Reductive Zirconocene Coupling: On the Edge of Steric Overload. Org Lett 2011; 13:1154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, United States
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24
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Kanyiva KS, Kashihara N, Nakao Y, Hiyama T, Ohashi M, Ogoshi S. Hydrofluoroarylation of alkynes with fluoroarenes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10483-94. [PMID: 20938553 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of Ni(cod)(2) and PCyp(3) is found to be an effective catalyst for chemoselective activation of the C-H bond of fluoroarenes over C-F bonds followed by insertion of alkynes to allow direct alkenylation of the electron-deficient arenes. The characteristics of the reactions are: a C-H bond ortho to a fluorine substituent is selectively activated; the reactivity of fluorobenzenes is roughly proportional to the number of fluorine atoms. The reaction conditions tolerate a broad range of both alkynes and fluoroarenes containing both electron-withdrawing and -donating groups, thus allowing efficient synthesis of a variety of substituted ethenes containing a fluoroaryl motif in high regio- and stereoselective manners. Mechanistic studies including both labeling experiments and stoichiometric reactions reveal that oxidative addition of C-H bonds in fluoroarenes to nickel(0) is kinetically highly facile whereas that of C-F bonds is thermodynamically favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Wei Y, Su W. Pd(OAc)2-Catalyzed Oxidative C−H/C−H Cross-Coupling of Electron-Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Simple Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16377-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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26
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D’yakonov VA, Makarov AA, Dzhemilev UM. Synthesis of gigantic macrocyclic polyketones through catalytic cyclometalation of cycloalkynes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Shang R, Xu Q, Jiang YY, Wang Y, Liu L. Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross Coupling of Potassium Polyfluorobenzoates with Aryl Bromides, Chlorides, and Triflates. Org Lett 2010; 12:1000-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100008q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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28
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Shang R, Fu Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Yu HZ, Liu L. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Potassium Polyfluorobenzoates with Aryl Iodides and Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9350-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Shang R, Fu Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Yu HZ, Liu L. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Potassium Polyfluorobenzoates with Aryl Iodides and Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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McGlacken GP, Fairlamb IJS. Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling and Related Processes: Some Interesting Observations That Have Been Exploited in Synthetic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P. McGlacken
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Fax: +353‐21‐4274097
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK, Fax: +44‐1904‐433433
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31
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Wei Y, Kan J, Wang M, Su W, Hong M. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Electron-Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Arylboronic Acids. Org Lett 2009; 11:3346-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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32
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Miller AD, McBee JL, Tilley TD. Zirconocene-mediated macrocyclizations of diynes containing di-o-methylphenylene spacers. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2880-3. [PMID: 19323577 DOI: 10.1021/jo802715m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diynes 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-di(pent-1-ynyl)biphenyl (4) and 3,3'',5,5''-tetramethyl-4,4''-di(hex-1-ynyl)terphenyl (9) undergo coupling with Cp(2)Zr(eta(2)-Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CSiMe(3))(py) to give dimeric macrocycles in moderate yields (16% for 4 and 26% for 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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33
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Miller AD, Tannaci JF, Johnson SA, Lee H, McBee JL, Tilley TD. Mesityl Alkyne Substituents for Control of Regiochemistry and Reversibility in Zirconocene Couplings: New Synthetic Strategies for Unsymmetrical Zirconacyclopentadienes and Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4917-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809896t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - John F. Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Jennifer L. McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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34
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Miller AD, Johnson SA, Tupper KA, McBee JL, Tilley TD. Unsymmetrical Zirconacyclopentadienes from Isolated Zirconacyclopropenes with 1-Alkynylphosphine Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801040t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Karl A. Tupper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Jennifer L. McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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35
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Tannaci JF, Kratter IH, Rider EA, McBee JL, Miller AD, Tilley TD. Stereoselective macrocyclization through zirconocene-mediated coupling of achiral dialkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:233-4. [PMID: 19099079 DOI: 10.1039/b815750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Bis[trimethylsilyl(ethynyl)]naphthalene () and 1,4-bis[trimethylsilyl(ethynyl)]anthracene () undergo diastereoselective coupling with Cp2Zr(py)(Me3SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3) to give trimeric macrocycles in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA
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36
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Liu J, Zhang S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Star-Shaped Silacyclobutene-Containing π-Systems: Synthesis and Optical Properties. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800841s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Geramita K, McBee J, Tilley TD. 2,7-Substituted Hexafluoroheterofluorenes as Potential Building Blocks for Electron Transporting Materials. J Org Chem 2008; 74:820-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802171t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Geramita
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jennifer McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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38
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Tannaci JF, Noji M, McBee JL, Tilley TD. 9,10-Disubstituted Octafluoroanthracene Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7895-900. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8017268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Masahiro Noji
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jennifer L. McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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39
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Miller AD, McBee JL, Tilley TD. Mechanism of Reversible Alkyne Coupling at Zirconocene: Ancillary Ligand Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4992-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja800025u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Jennifer L. McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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40
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Tannaci JF, Noji M, McBee J, Tilley TD. 9,10-Dichlorooctafluoroanthracene as a Building Block for n-Type Organic Semiconductors. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5567-73. [PMID: 17590045 DOI: 10.1021/jo070404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
9,10-Dichlorooctafluoroanthracene (1) was synthesized from commercially available tetrafluorophthalic acid by an optimized solution-phase route. To establish 1 as a synthon for n-type organic semiconductors, the compound was reacted with phenylboronic acid under modified Suzuki-Miyaura coupling conditions to generate octafluoro-9,10-diphenylanthracene (7) in high yield. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray crystallography indicate that 7 has a stabilized LUMO energy level and exhibits extended pi stacking, which should lead to efficient electron transport in solid-state devices. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octafluoroanthracene (2) was also synthesized as a potential n-type building block, but suitable C-C coupling conditions for this compound were not found, and 2 could not be converted into 9,10-dibromooctafluoroanthracene or octafluoro-9,10-diiodoanthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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41
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Dzhemilev UM, Ibragimov AG, D’yakonov VA, Pudas M, Bergmann U, Khafizova LO, Tyumkina TV. First example of one-pot synthesis of hydrocarbon macrorings. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428007050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Lafrance M, Shore D, Fagnou K. Mild and General Conditions for the Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Pentafluorobenzene and Other Perfluoroaromatics. Org Lett 2006; 8:5097-100. [PMID: 17048852 DOI: 10.1021/ol0619967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New reaction conditions are described that enable the direct arylation of pentafluorobenzene with sterically encumbered aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. These reactions occur in high yield and under mild conditions. Notably, the reactions can be performed at 80 degrees C in isopropyl acetate with a catalyst generated by the in situ mixing of Pd(OAc)(2) and S-Phos. The enhanced scope of these transformations should further reduce the need to use pentafluorophenylboronic acid in the construction of perfluoroarenes. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lafrance
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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43
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Lafrance M, Rowley CN, Woo TK, Fagnou K. Catalytic Intermolecular Direct Arylation of Perfluorobenzenes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8754-6. [PMID: 16819868 DOI: 10.1021/ja062509l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Penta-, tetra-, tri-, and difluorobenzenes undergo direct arylation with a wide range of arylhalides in high yield. Inverse reactivity is observed compared to the common electrophilic aromatic substitution pathway since electron-deficient, C-H acidic arenes react preferentially. Computational studies indicate that C-H bond cleavage occurs via a concerted carbon-palladium and carbon-hydrogen bond cleaving event involving a carbonate or a bromide ligand. The reactions are rapid, require only a slight excess of the perfluoroarene reagent, and utilize commercially available, air-stable catalyst precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lafrance
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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44
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Rucareanu S, Schuwey A, Gossauer A. One-step template-directed synthesis of a macrocyclic tetraarylporphyrin hexamer based on supramolecular interactions with a C3-symmetric tetraarylporphyrin trimer. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3396-413. [PMID: 16522121 DOI: 10.1021/ja057117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Taking into consideration the model geometry of the macrocyclic hexaporphyrin 1 as a host molecule, the structure of a benzene-centered porphyrin trimer bearing pyridine rings at the apical positions has been designed with the aim to use the latter as a template for the synthesis of its own host. Indeed, in the presence of the porphyrin trimer 5, the yield of the cyclization of a linear porphyrin hexamer, as a precursor of 1, could be improved from 8 to 30% (variable yield) to 50% (reproducible yield). Even the condensation of equimolecular amounts of porphyrin monomers 20b and 21b in the presence of 5 led--probably through a loose preorganized complex between the latter and the Zn(II) chelate 20b--to the formation of 1 in only five steps from 19, as compared with 13 steps of the synthesis via linear porphyrin hexamer in the absence of template. As evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the supramolecular complex between 5 and an analogue of 1b in which all H-atoms at the pyrrole rings have been replaced by deuterium, in the presence of unlabeled 1b, a rapid dissociation and recombination of the host and guest molecules forming the supramolecular complex takes place even at low temperature (-40 degrees C). As at 55 degrees C all six Zn(II) porphyrinate rings of the complex 1b + 5 become magnetically equivalent in the 500 MHz 1H NMR time scale, approximate kinetic data for the ligand exchange process could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rucareanu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Imabayashi T, Fujiwara Y, Nakao Y, Sato H, Sakaki S. Theoretical Study of Cp2Zr-, (MeO)2Zr-, and M(PH3)-Mediated Coupling Reactions of Acetylenes (M = Ni, Pt). Significant Differences between Early- and Late-Transition-Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050128v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Imabayashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Opris DM, Franke P, Schlüter AD. Shape-Persistent Macrocycles with Bipyridine Units: Progress in Accessibility and Widening of Applicability. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes of Titanocenes and Zirconocenes: Their Recent Chemistry and Reactions with Lewis Acids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ronan D, Baudry Y, Jeannerat D, Matile S. Synthesis of {323}-p-Octiphenyls: Orthogonal Functionalization along a Rigid-Rod Scaffold for Refined Supramolecular Architecture. Org Lett 2004; 6:885-7. [PMID: 15012056 DOI: 10.1021/ol036363w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The synthesis of p-octiphenyls carrying orthogonal tert-butyl esters in the peripheral positions 1(2), 2(2), 3(3), 6(2), 7(3), and 8(2) and either p-methoxybenzyl or benzyl ester substituents in the central positions 4(2) and 5(3) is described. Resolution-enhanced HSQC/HMBC two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy is implemented as an attractive method for the complete characterization of complex p-oligophenyl scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Ronan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Recent synthetic uses of functionalised aromatic and heteroaromatic organolithium reagents prepared by non-deprotonating methods. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Johnson SA, Liu FQ, Suh MC, Zürcher S, Haufe M, Mao SSH, Tilley TD. Regioselective coupling of pentafluorophenyl substituted alkynes: mechanistic insight into the zirconocene coupling of alkynes and a facile route to conjugated polymers bearing electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:4199-211. [PMID: 12670242 DOI: 10.1021/ja0209161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Cp(2)ZrCl(2) with 2 equiv of BuLi at -78 degrees C, followed by the addition of an unsymmetrical tetra- or pentafluorophenyl substituted alkyne R(1)C[triple bond]CAr(f) (R(1), Ar(f) = (CH(2))(4)Me, p-C(6)F(4)H; Me, p-C(6)F(4)H; Ph, C(6)F(5)), resulted in regioselective couplings of these alkynes to zirconacyclopentadienes in which the Ar(f) substituents preferentially adopt the 3,4-positions (beta beta) of the zirconacyclopentadiene ring. With Cp(2)Zr(py)(Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CSiMe(3)) as the zirconocene reagent, the couplings could be carried out at room temperature; however, at higher temperatures significant quantities of the 2,4-fluoroaryl substituted (alpha beta) isomers were also formed. None of the conditions employed produced the 2,5-fluoroaryl substituted (alpha alpha) isomers. These fluoroaryl-substituted zirconacyclopentadienes were readily converted to butadienes via reactions with acids. The zirconacyclopentadiene Cp(2)ZrC(4)-2,5-Ph(2)-3,4-(C(6)F(5))(2), which resulted from the coupling of PhC[triple bond]C(C(6)F(5)), was converted to the corresponding thiophene by reaction with S(2)Cl(2), and to an arene by reaction with MeO(2)CC[triple bond]CCO(2)Me/CuCl. Mechanistic studies on zirconocene couplings of (p-CF(3)C(6)H(4))C[triple bond]C(p-MeC(6)H(4)) indicate that the observed regioselectivities are determined by an electronic factor that controls the orientation of at least one of the two alkynes as they are coupled. Additionally, these studies suggest an unsymmetrical transition state for the zirconocene coupling of alkynes, and this is supported by DFT calculations. The reaction of [(C(6)F(5))C[triple bond]CCH(2)](2)CH(2) with Cp(2)Zr(py)(Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CSiMe(3)) resulted in a zirconacyclopentadiene in which the pentafluorophenyl substituents have been forced into the 2,5-positions (alpha alpha). Zirconocene coupling of the diyne (C(6)F(5))C[triple bond]C-1,4-C(6)H(4)-C[triple bond]C(C(6)F(5)) provided a route to conjugated polymers bearing electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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