1
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Li C, Li M, Hu M, Miao M, Zhang T. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for High-Titer Biosynthesis of 3'-Sialyllactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5379-5390. [PMID: 38420706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) is among the foremost and simplest sialylated breast milk oligosaccharides. In this study, an engineered Escherichia coli for high-titer 3'-SL biosynthesis was developed by introducing a multilevel metabolic engineering strategy, including (1) the introduction of precursor CMP-Neu5Ac synthesis pathway and high-performance α2,3-sialyltransferase (α2,3-SiaT) genes into strain BZ to achieve de novo synthesis of 3'-SL; (2) optimizing the expression of glmS-glmM-glmU involved in the UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-Neu5Ac synthesis pathways, and constructing a glutamine cycle system, balancing the precursor pools; (3) analysis of critical intermediates and inactivation of competitive pathway genes to redirect carbon flux to 3'-SL biosynthesis; and (4) enhanced catalytic performance of rate-limiting enzyme α2,3-SiaT by RBS screening, protein tag cloning. The final strain BZAPKA14 yielded 9.04 g/L 3'-SL in a shake flask. In a 3 L bioreactor, fed-batch fermentation generated 44.2 g/L 3'-SL, with an overall yield and lactose conversion of 0.53 g/(L h) and 0.55 mol 3'-SL/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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2
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Radwan M, Jana M, Cairo CW. Facile synthesis of C5-azido derivatives of thiosialosides and 2,3-dehydro-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA). Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109013. [PMID: 38185031 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, also known as sialic acid) is an important monosaccharide found in glycoproteins and glycolipids which plays a vital role in regulation of physiological functions and pathological conditions. The study of sialoglycans has benefitted from the development of glycomimetic probes and inhibitors for proteins and enzymes that interact with and modify neuraminic acid in glycan chains. Methods to access sialoside intermediates with high yield are needed to facilitate the design of new targets. Here, we report the synthesis of C5-azido thiosialosides using a mild method to deprotect the C5-acetamido functional group followed by the use of a diazo-transfer reagent. We examined two diazo-transfer strategies and compared their yields and tolerance of acetate protecting groups. The same methods and comparisons were also performed for the 2,3-dehydro-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA) scaffold which is commonly used to generate inhibitors of neuraminidase (sialidase) enzymes. We found that C5-azido derivatives of both thiosialosides and DANA could be produced in five or six steps with yields up to 76 % and 83 %, respectively. Diazo-transfer reagents compared in this study were trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide (TfN3) and imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide (ImzSO2N3). We found that both reagents were compatible with this method and showed comparable yields. Finally, we show that C5-azido derivatives can help to avoid O, N-acyl protecting group migration which was observed in C5-NHAc analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Manas Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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3
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Sletten ET, Fittolani G, Hribernik N, Dal Colle MCS, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M. Phosphates as Assisting Groups in Glycan Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:138-142. [PMID: 38292611 PMCID: PMC10823511 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In nature, phosphates are added to and cleaved from molecules to direct biological pathways. The concept was adapted to overcome limitations in the chemical synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. Phosphates were chemically placed on synthetic glycans to ensure site-specific enzymatic elongation by sialylation. In addition, the deliberate placement of phosphates helped to solubilize and isolate aggregating glycans. Upon traceless removal of the phosphates by enzymatic treatment with alkaline phosphatase, the native glycan structure was revealed, and the assembly of glycan nanostructures was triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Sletten
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nives Hribernik
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlene C. S. Dal Colle
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Sasaki K, Uesaki N. Conformationally restricted donors for stereoselective glycosylation. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:107-155. [PMID: 36470647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic reactions using sugars as electrophiles, i.e., glycosyl donors, their conformation affects the generation rate or stability of the glycosyl cation intermediates and determines at which side of the SN2-SN1 borderline and at what rate the reaction occurs. In addition, changes in the conformation create the steric or stereoelectronic effects of the substituents, which also change the reaction rate and stereoselectivity. Bulky silyl protecting groups, uronic acid esters, and transannular structures have been utilized to change the conformation. Consequently, reactions with unique reactivities and stereoselectivities have been developed. In this chapter, a discussion of the reaction mechanisms relating stereoselectivity to conformation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan.
| | - Nanako Uesaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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Abstract
![]()
Fluorinated
carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences.
Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There
are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates,
here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has
at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the
notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The
increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially
around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this
class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work
toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars,
and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview
of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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6
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Protein Engineering of Pasteurella multocida α2,3-Sialyltransferase with Reduced α2,3-Sialidase Activity and Application in Synthesis of 3′-Sialyllactose. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferases are key enzymes for the production of sialosides. The versatility of Pasteurella multocida α2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) causes difficulties in the efficient synthesis of α2,3-linked sialylatetd compounds, especial its α2,3-sialidase activity. In the current study, the α2,3-sialidase activity of PmST1 was further reduced by rational design-based protein engineering. Three double mutants PMG1 (M144D/R313Y), PMG2 (M144D/R313H) and PMG3 (M144D/R313N) were designed and constructed using M144D as the template and kinetically investigated. In comparison with M144D, the α2,3-sialyltransferase activity of PMG2 was enhanced by 1.4-fold, while its α2,3-sialidase activity was reduced by 4-fold. Two PMG2-based triple mutants PMG2-1 (M144D/R313H/T265S) and PMG2-2 (M144D/R313H/E271F) were then designed, generated and characterized. Compared with PMG2, triple mutants showed slightly improved α2,3-sialyltransferase activity, but their α2,3-sialidase activities were increased by 2.1–2.9 fold. In summary, PMG2 was used for preparative-scale production of 3′-SL (3′-sialyllactose) with a yield of >95%. These new PmST1 mutants could be potentially utilized for efficient synthesis of α2,3-linked sialosides. This work provides a guide to designing and constructing efficient sialyltransferases.
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7
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Guo Z, Li Q. Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids: A Review. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1426-4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlycosphingolipids (GSLs) are the major vertebrate glycolipids, which contain two distinctive moieties, a glycan and a ceramide, stitched together by a β-glycosidic linkage. The hydrophobic lipid chains of ceramide can insert into the cell membrane to form ‘lipid rafts’ and anchor the hydrophilic glycan onto the cell surface to generate microdomains and function as signaling molecules. GSLs mediate signal transduction, cell interactions, and many other biological activities, and are also related to many diseases. To meet the need of biological studies, chemists have developed various synthetic methodologies to access GSLs. Among them, the application of enzymes to GSL synthesis has witnessed significant advancements in the past decades. This short review briefly summarizes the history and progress of enzymatic GSL synthesis.1 Introduction1.1 The Glycosphingolipid Structure1.2 GSL Biosynthesis1.3 Functions and Biological Significance1.4 Overview of GSL Synthesis1.5 Scope of the Review2 Glycotransferases for GSL Synthesis3 Glycosynthases for GSL Synthesis4 Enzymatic Synthesis of Ceramide5 Conclusion
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8
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Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Mertsch A, He N, Yi D, Kickstein M, Fessner W. An α2,3-Sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum with Broad Substrate Scope: Controlling Hydrolytic Activity by Directed Evolution. Chemistry 2020; 26:11614-11624. [PMID: 32596832 PMCID: PMC7540698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defined sialoglycoconjugates are important molecular probes for studying the role of sialylated glycans in biological systems. We show that the α2,3-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 (2,3SiaTpph ) tolerates a very broad substrate scope for modifications in the sialic acid part, including bulky amide variation, C5/C9 substitution, and C5 stereoinversion. To reduce the enzyme's hydrolytic activity, which erodes the product yield, an extensive structure-guided mutagenesis study identified three variants that show up to five times higher catalytic efficiency for sialyltransfer, up to ten times lower efficiency for substrate hydrolysis, and drastically reduced product hydrolysis. Variant 2,3SiaTpph (A151D) displayed the best performance overall in the synthesis of the GM3 trisaccharide (α2,3-Neu5Ac-Lac) from lactose in a one-pot, two-enzyme cascade. Our study demonstrates that several complementary solutions can be found to suppress the common problem of undesired hydrolysis activity of microbial GT80 sialyltransferases. The new enzymes are powerful catalysts for the synthesis of a wide variety of complex natural and new-to-nature sialoconjugates for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mertsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ning He
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Dong Yi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Michael Kickstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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10
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Broszeit F, Tzarum N, Zhu X, Nemanichvili N, Eggink D, Leenders T, Li Z, Liu L, Wolfert MA, Papanikolaou A, Martínez-Romero C, Gagarinov IA, Yu W, García-Sastre A, Wennekes T, Okamatsu M, Verheije MH, Wilson IA, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid as a Receptor for Influenza A Viruses. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3284-3294.e6. [PMID: 31189111 PMCID: PMC6750725 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A species barrier for the influenza A virus is the differential expression of sialic acid, which can either be α2,3-linked for avians or α2,6-linked for human viruses. The influenza A virus hosts also express other species-specific sialic acid derivatives. One major modification at C-5 is N-glycolyl (NeuGc), instead of N-acetyl (NeuAc). N-glycolyl is mammalian specific and expressed in pigs and horses, but not in humans, ferrets, seals, or dogs. Hemagglutinin (HA) adaptation to either N-acetyl or N-glycolyl is analyzed on a sialoside microarray containing both α2,3- and α2,6-linkage modifications on biologically relevant N-glycans. Binding studies reveal that avian, human, and equine HAs bind either N-glycolyl or N-acetyl. Structural data on N-glycolyl binding HA proteins of both H5 and H7 origin describe this specificity. Neuraminidases can cleave N-glycolyl efficiently, and tissue-binding studies reveal strict species specificity. The exclusive manner in which influenza A viruses differentiate between N-glycolyl and N-acetyl is indicative of selection. Broszeit and colleagues demonstrate that influenza A viruses recognize either N-acetyl or N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, and they explain these specificities using X-ray structures. NeuGc-binding viruses are perfectly viable, and neuraminidases can cleave NeuGc-containing receptor structures. There is an apparent selection now for NeuAc, as no known NeuGc-binding virus currently circulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Broszeit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Netanel Tzarum
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nikoloz Nemanichvili
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Leenders
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Margreet A Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andreas Papanikolaou
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan A Gagarinov
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Monique H Verheije
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Hayashi T, Axer A, Kehr G, Bergander K, Gilmour R. Halogen-directed chemical sialylation: pseudo-stereodivergent access to marine ganglioside epitopes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6527-6531. [PMID: 34094118 PMCID: PMC8152791 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are conspicuous structural components of the complex gangliosides that regulate cellular processes. Their importance in molecular recognition manifests itself in drug design (e.g. Tamiflu®) and continues to stimulate the development of effective chemical sialylation strategies to complement chemoenzymatic technologies. Stereodivergent approaches that enable the α- or β-anomer to be generated at will are particularly powerful to attenuate hydrogen bond networks and interrogate function. Herein, we demonstrate that site-selective halogenation (F and Br) at C3 of the N-glycolyl units common to marine Neu2,6Glu epitopes enables pseudo-stereodivergent sialylation. α-Selective sialylation results from fluorination, whereas traceless bromine-guided sialylation generates the β-adduct. This concept is validated in the synthesis of HLG-1 and Hp-s1 analogues. Sialic acids are conspicuous structural components of the complex gangliosides that regulate cellular processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hayashi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Axer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
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12
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Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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13
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Song HW, Yoo G, Bong JH, Kang MJ, Lee SS, Pyun JC. Surface display of sialyltransferase on the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and ClearColi. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 128:1-8. [PMID: 31186105 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
α2,3-Sialyltransferase from Pasteurella multocida (PmST1) is an enzyme that transfers a sialyl group of donor substrates to an acceptor substrate called N-acetyl-d-lactosamine (LacNAc). In this study PmST1 was expressed on the outer membrane of wildtype Escherichia coli (BL21) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ClearColi with no LPS, and then the enzyme activity and expression level of PmST1 were compared. As the first step, the expression levels of PmST1 on the outer membranes of wildtype E. coli (BL21) and ClearColi were compared according to the IPTG induction time, and the absolute amount of surface-displayed PmST1 was calculated using densitometry of SDS-PAGE. As the next step, the influence of LPS on the PmST1 activity was estimated by analyzing Michaelis-Menten plot. The enzyme activity of PmST1 was analyzed by measuring the concentration of CMP, which was a by-product after the transfer of the sialyl group of donor compounds to the acceptor compounds. From a Michaelis-Menten plot, the enzyme activity of the surface-displayed PmST1 and the maximum rate (Vmax) of ClearColi were higher than those of wildtype E. coli (BL21). However, the KM value, which represented the concentration of substrate to reach half the maximum rate (Vmax), was similar for both enzymes. These results represented such a difference in enzyme activity was occurred from the interference of LPS on the mass transport of the donor and acceptor to PmST1 for the sialyl group transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seo-dae-mun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Yoo
- School of Chemistry & Institute for Life Sciences, FNES, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seo-dae-mun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- School of Chemistry & Institute for Life Sciences, FNES, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seo-dae-mun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hájek R, Lísa M, Khalikova M, Jirásko R, Cífková E, Študent V, Vrána D, Opálka L, Vávrová K, Matzenauer M, Melichar B, Holčapek M. HILIC/ESI-MS determination of gangliosides and other polar lipid classes in renal cell carcinoma and surrounding normal tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6585-6594. [PMID: 30054694 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Negative-ion hydrophilic liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-MS) method has been optimized for the quantitative analysis of ganglioside (GM3) and other polar lipid classes, such as sulfohexosylceramides (SulfoHexCer), sulfodihexosylceramides (SulfoHex2Cer), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), phosphatidylinositols (PI), lysophosphatidylinositols (LPI), and phosphatidylserines (PS). The method is fully validated for the quantitation of the studied lipids in kidney normal and tumor tissues of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients based on the lipid class separation and the coelution of lipid class internal standard with the species from the same lipid class. The raw data are semi-automatically processed using our software LipidQuant and statistically evaluated using multivariate data analysis (MDA) methods, which allows the complete differentiation of both groups with 100% specificity and sensitivity. In total, 21 GM3, 28 SulfoHexCer, 26 SulfoHex2Cer, 10 PG, 19 PI, 4 LPI, and 7 PS are determined in the aqueous phase of lipidomic extracts from kidney tumor tissue samples and surrounding normal tissue samples of 20 RCC patients. S-plots allow the identification of most upregulated (PI 40:5, PI 40:4, GM3 34:1, and GM3 42:2) and most downregulated (PI 32:0, PI 34:0, PS 36:4, and LPI 16:0) lipids, which are primarily responsible for the differentiation of tumor and normal groups. Another confirmation of most dysregulated lipids is performed by the calculation of fold changes together with T and p values to highlight their statistical significance. The comparison of HILIC/ESI-MS data and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) data confirms that lipid dysregulation patterns are similar for both methods. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hájek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Khalikova
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cífková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Študent
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrána
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové, Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové, Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Matzenauer
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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15
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Kuan TC, Wu HR, Adak AK, Li BY, Liang CF, Hung JT, Chiou SP, Yu AL, Hwu JR, Lin CC. Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. Chemistry 2017; 23:6876-6887. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Kuan
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ru Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
| | - Avijit K. Adak
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
| | - Ben-Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chiou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou Taiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou Taiwan
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu- 300 Taiwan
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16
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Nielsen MM, Stougaard BA, Bols M, Glibstrup E, Pedersen CM. Glycosyl Fluorides as Intermediates in BF3·OEt2-Promoted Glycosylation with Trichloroacetimidates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen O Denmark
| | - Bolette A. Stougaard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen O Denmark
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen O Denmark
| | - Emil Glibstrup
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen O Denmark
| | - Christian M. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen O Denmark
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17
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Yu CC, Withers SG. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Sialic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Schmölzer K, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Pavkov-Keller T, Ribitsch D, Schwab H, Gruber K, Weber H, Nidetzky B. Complete switch from α-2,3- to α-2,6-regioselectivity in Pasteurella dagmatis β-d-galactoside sialyltransferase by active-site redesign. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3083-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of Pro7His and Met117Ala substitutions resulted in a completely regioselective and highly efficient α-2,6-sialyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
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19
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Brooks SA. Protein glycosylation in diverse cell systems: implications for modification and analysis of recombinant proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 3:345-59. [PMID: 16771706 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.3.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for the biotechnology industry is to engineer the glycosylation pathways of expression systems to synthesize recombinant proteins with human glycosylation. Inappropriate glycosylation can result in reduced activity, limited half-life in circulation and unwanted immunogenicity. In this review, the complexities of glycosylation in human cells are explained and compared with glycosylation in bacteria, yeasts, fungi, insects, plants and nonhuman mammalian species. Key advances in the engineering of the glycosylation of expression systems are highlighted. Advances in the challenging and technically complex field of glycan analysis are also described. The emergence of a new generation of expression systems with sophisticated engineering for humanized glycosylation of glycoproteins appears to be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Brooks
- Oxford Brookes University, School of Biological & Molecular Sciences, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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20
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Adak AK, Yu CC, Liang CF, Lin CC. Synthesis of sialic acid-containing saccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:1030-8. [PMID: 24182749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a diverse family of negatively charged monosaccharides with a shared nine-carbon carboxylated backbone, and they often serve as the terminal positions of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Sialic acids play essential roles in mediating or modulating numerous pathological, biological, and immunological recognition events. Advances in synthesis have provided chemically well-defined and structurally homogeneous sialic acid-containing carbohydrates that are crucial for studying glycobiology. This review highlights recent innovations in the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of difficult α-sialosides, with a particular focus on methods developed for α-selective sialylation in the synthesis of O-linked and S-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit K Adak
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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21
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Wolf S, Warnecke S, Ehrit J, Freiberger F, Gerardy-Schahn R, Meier C. Chemical synthesis and enzymatic testing of CMP-sialic acid derivatives. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2605-15. [PMID: 23129454 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cycloSal approach has been used in the past for the synthesis of a range of phosphorylated bioconjugates. In those reports, cycloSal nucleotides were allowed to react with different phosphate nucleophiles. With glycopyranosyl phosphates as nucleophiles, diphosphate-linked sugar nucleotides were formed. Here, cycloSal-nucleotides were used to prepare monophosphate-linked sugar nucleotides successfully in high anomeric purity and high chemical yield. The method was successfully used for the synthesis of three nucleotide glycopyranoses as model compounds. The method was then applied to the syntheses of CMP-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids (CMP-Neu5NAc) and of four derivatives with different modifications at their amino functions (N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, N-pentanoyl and N-cyclopropylcarbonyl). The compounds were used for initial enzymatic studies with a bacterial polysialyltransferase (polyST). Surprisingly, the enzyme showed marked differences in terms of utilisation of the four derivatives. The N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, and N-pentanoyl derivatives were efficiently used in a first transfer with a fluorescently labelled trisialo-acceptor. However, elongation of the resulting tetrasialo-acceptors worsened progressively with the size of the N-acyl chain. The N-pentanoyl derivative allowed a single transfer, leading to a capped tetramer. The N-cyclopropylcarbonyl derivative was not transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wolf
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Studies on the sialylation of galactoses with different C-5 modified sialyl donors. Carbohydr Res 2012; 361:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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24
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Yu CC, Kuo YY, Liang CF, Chien WT, Wu HT, Chang TC, Jan FD, Lin CC. Site-Specific Immobilization of Enzymes on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Use in Organic Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:714-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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26
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Lin LYC, Rakic B, Chiu CPC, Lameignere E, Wakarchuk WW, Withers SG, Strynadka NCJ. Structure and mechanism of the lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37237-48. [PMID: 21880735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.249920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The first x-ray crystallographic structure of a CAZY family-52 glycosyltransferase, that of the membrane associated α2,3/α2,6 lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis serotype L1 (NST), has been solved to 1.95 Å resolution. The structure of NST adopts a GT-B-fold common with other glycosyltransferase (GT) families but exhibits a novel domain swap of the N-terminal 130 residues to create a functional homodimeric form not observed in any other class to date. The domain swap is mediated at the structural level by a loop-helix-loop extension between residues Leu-108 and Met-130 (we term the swapping module) and a unique lipid-binding domain. NST catalyzes the creation of α2,3- or 2,6-linked oligosaccharide products from a CMP-sialic acid (Neu5Ac) donor and galactosyl-containing acceptor sugars. Our structures of NST bound to the non-hydrolyzable substrate analog CMP-3F((axial))-Neu5Ac show that the swapping module from one monomer of NST mediates the binding of the donor sugar in a composite active site formed at the dimeric interface. Kinetic analysis of designed point mutations observed in the CMP-3F((axial))-Neu5Ac binding site suggests potential roles of a requisite general base (Asp-258) and general acid (His-280) in the NST catalytic mechanism. A long hydrophobic tunnel adjacent to the dimer interface in each of the two monomers contains electron density for two extended linear molecules that likely belong to either the two fatty acyl chains of a diglyceride lipid or the two polyethylene glycol groups of the detergent Triton X-100. In this work, Triton X-100 maintains the activity and increases the solubility of NST during purification and is critical to the formation of ordered crystals. Together, the mechanistic implications of the NST structure provide insight into lipooligosaccharide sialylation with respect to the association of substrates and the essential membrane-anchored nature of NST on the bacterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Y-C Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Blood Research University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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27
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Thon V, Lau K, Yu H, Tran BK, Chen X. PmST2: a novel Pasteurella multocida glycolipid α2-3-sialyltransferase. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1206-16. [PMID: 21515586 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a multi-species pathogen that causes diseases in animals and humans. Sialyltransferase activity has been detected in multiple Pm strains and sialylation has been shown to be important for the pathogenesis of Pm. Three putative sialyltransferase genes have been identified in Pm genomic strain Pm70. We have reported previously that a Pm0188 gene homolog in Pm strain P-1059 (ATCC 15742) encodes a multifunctional sialyltransferase (PmST1). We demonstrate here that while PmST1 prefers to use oligosaccharides as acceptors, PmST2 encoded by the Pm0508 gene homolog in the same Pm strain is a novel glycolipid α2-3-sialyltransferase that prefers to use lactosyl lipids as acceptor substrates. PmST2 and PmST1 thus complement each other for an efficient synthesis of α2-3-linked sialosides with or without lipid portion. In addition, β1-4-linked galactosyl lipids are better PmST2 substrates than β1-3-linked galactosyl lipids. PmST2 has been used successfully in the preparative scale synthesis of sialyllactosyl sphingosine (lyso-GM3), which is an important glycolipid and an intermediate for synthesizing more complex glycolipids such as gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vireak Thon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Lau K, Yu H, Thon V, Khedri Z, Leon ME, Tran BK, Chen X. Sequential two-step multienzyme synthesis of tumor-associated sialyl T-antigens and derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2784-9. [PMID: 21359399 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of α2-3-sialylated β1-3-linked galactosides, including sialyl T-antigens, 3'-sialyl galacto-N-biose, 3'-sialyl lacto-N-biose, and their derivatives containing natural and non-natural sialic acid forms have been synthesized from simple monosaccharides using an efficient sequential two-step multienzyme approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
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29
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Wang CC, Kulkarni SS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Synthesis of Hemagglutinin-Binding Trisaccharides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:691-726. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Lin CC, Lin NP, Sahabuddin LS, Reddy VR, Huang LD, Hwang KC, Lin CC. 5-N,4-O-Carbonyl-7,8,9-tri-O-chloroacetyl-Protected Sialyl Donor for the Stereoselective Synthesis of α-(2→9)-Tetrasialic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4921-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100824s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Pin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - L. Sk Sahabuddin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya Raghava Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-De Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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31
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Johansen EB, Szoka FC, Zaleski A, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Utilizing the O-antigen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli to interrogate the substrate specificities of exogenous glycosyltransferase genes in a combinatorial approach. Glycobiology 2010; 20:763-74. [PMID: 20208062 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, our laboratory generated novel chimeric lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Escherichia coli transformed with a plasmid containing exogenous lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes (lsg) from Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of these novel oligosaccharide-LPS chimeras allowed characterization of the carbohydrate structures generated by several putative glycosyltransferase genes within the lsg locus. Here, we adapted this strategy to construct a modular approach to study the synthetic properties of individual glycosyltransferases expressed alone and in combinations. To this end, a set of expression vectors containing one to four putative glycosyltransferase genes from the lsg locus, lsgC-F, were transformed into E. coli K12 (XL-1) which is defective in LPS O-antigen biosynthesis. This strategy relied on the inclusion of the H. influenzae gene product lsgG in every plasmid construct, which partially rescues the E. coli LPS biosynthesis defect by priming uridine diphosphate-undecaprenyl in the WecA-dependent O-antigen synthetic pathway with N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc). This GlcNAc-undecaprenyl then served as an acceptor substrate for further carbohydrate extension by transformed glycosyltransferases. The resultant LPS-linked chimeric glycans were isolated from their E. coli constructs and characterized by mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These structural data allowed the specificity of various glycosyltransferases to be unambiguously assigned to individual genes. LsgF was found to transfer a galactose (Gal) to terminal GlcNAc. LsgE was found to transfer GlcNAc to Gal-GlcNAc, and both LsgF and LsgD were found to transfer Gal to GlcNAc-Gal-GlcNAc but with differing linkage specificities. This method can be generalized and readily adapted to study the substrate specificity of other putative or uncharacterized glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Johansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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32
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Mesch S, Moser D, Strasser DS, Kelm A, Cutting B, Rossato G, Vedani A, Koliwer-Brandl H, Wittwer M, Rabbani S, Schwardt O, Kelm S, Ernst B. Low Molecular Weight Antagonists of the Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein: Synthesis, Docking, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1597-615. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mesch
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delia Moser
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S. Strasser
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antje Kelm
- Department of Physiological Biochemistry, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Brian Cutting
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Rossato
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Vedani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Wittwer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soerge Kelm
- Department of Physiological Biochemistry, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Cao H, Li Y, Lau K, Muthana S, Yu H, Cheng J, Chokhawala HA, Sugiarto G, Zhang L, Chen X. Sialidase substrate specificity studies using chemoenzymatically synthesized sialosides containing C5-modified sialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5137-45. [PMID: 20024109 DOI: 10.1039/b916305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
para-Nitrophenol-tagged sialyl galactosides containing sialic acid derivatives in which the C5 hydroxyl group of sialic acids was systematically substituted with a hydrogen, a fluorine, a methoxyl or an azido group were successfully synthesized using an efficient chemoenzymatic approach. These compounds were used as valuable probes in high-throughput screening assays to study the importance of the C5 hydroxyl group of sialic acid in the recognition and the cleavage of sialoside substrates by bacterial sialidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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34
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Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:436-56. [PMID: 18565714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell-cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medicinally relevant class of biomolecules for which the interest is growing. For the preparation of complex and highly pure oligosaccharides, methods based on the application of glycosyltransferases are currently recognized as being the most effective. The present paper reviews the potential of glycosyltransferases as synthetic tools in oligosaccharide synthesis. Reaction mechanisms and selected characteristics of these enzymes are described in relation to the stereochemistry of the transfer reaction and the requirements of sugar nucleotide donors. For the application of glycosyltransferases, accepted substrate profiles are summarized and the whole-cell approach versus isolated enzyme methodology is compared. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed syntheses of gangliosides and other sialylated oligosaccharides are described in more detail in view of the prominent role of these compounds in biological recognition.
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35
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Tsukamoto H, Takakura Y, Mine T, Yamamoto T. Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 produces two sialyltransferases, alpha-/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase and beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase. J Biochem 2007; 143:187-97. [PMID: 17984122 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvm208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterium, Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224, that produces alpha-/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase and beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, was isolated from the gut of a Japanese barracuda. The genes that encode the enzymes were cloned from the genomic library of the bacterium using the genes encoding alpha-/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from P. phosphoreum and beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase from P. damselae as probes. The nucleotide sequences were determined, and open reading frames of 1,230 and 1,545 bp for encoding an alpha2,3-sialyltransferase and an alpha2,6-sialyltransferase of 409- and 514-amino acid residues, respectively, were identified. The alpha2,3-sialyltransferase had 92% amino acid sequence identity with the P. phosphoreum alpha2,3-sialyltransferase, whereas the alpha2,6-sialyltransferase had 54% amino acid sequence identity with the P. damselae alpha2,6-sialyltransferase. For both enzymes, the DNA fragments that encoded the full-length protein and its truncated form lacking the putative signal peptide sequence were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction and cloned into an expression vector. Each gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the lysate from each strain had enzymatic activity. The alpha2,3-sialyltransferase catalysed the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) from CMP-NeuAc to lactose, alpha-methyl-galactopyranoside and beta-methyl-galactopyranoside with low apparent K(m) and the alpha2,6-sialyltransferase catalysed the transfer of NeuAc from CMP-NeuAc to lactose with low apparent K(m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsukamoto
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan.
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36
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Tsukamoto H, Takakura Y, Yamamoto T. Purification, cloning, and expression of an alpha/beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase from a luminous marine bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29794-802. [PMID: 17702755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sialyltransferase, alpha/beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, was purified from the cell lysate of a luminous marine bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467, isolated from the Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus). The gene encoding the enzyme was cloned from the genomic library of the bacterium using probes derived from the NH(2)-terminal and internal amino acid sequences. An open reading frame of 409 amino acids was identified, and the sequence had 32% identity with that of beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltrasferase in Photobacterium damselae JT0160. DNA fragments that encoded the full-length protein and a protein that lacked the sequence between the 2nd and 24th residues at the NH(2) terminus were amplified by polymerase chain reactions and cloned into an expression vector. The full-length and truncated proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, producing active enzymes of 0.25 and 305 milliunits, respectively, per milliliter of the medium in the lysate of E. coli. The truncated enzyme was much more soluble without detergent than the full-length enzyme. The enzyme catalyzed the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to disaccharides, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, with low apparent K(m) and to monosaccharides, such as alpha-methyl-galactopyranoside and beta-methyl-galactopyranoside, with much lower apparent K(m). Thus, this sialyltransferase is unique and should be very useful for achieving high productivity in E. coli with a wide substrate range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsukamoto
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Incorporated, Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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37
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Kim Y, Fuchs PL. Lactol-directed osmylation. Stereodivergent synthesis of four C-19,20 apoptolidin diols from a single allylic hemiacetal. Org Lett 2007; 9:2445-8. [PMID: 17539652 DOI: 10.1021/ol0707564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to prepare four Apoptolidin C-19,20 diastereomeric diol derivatives was developed. Two diastereomers were obtained from the (Z)-form, which is converted to the (E)-form, followed by dihydroxylation to deliver two more diastereomers. The (E)-allylic hemiacetal and methoxyacetal showed opposite diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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38
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Luo SY, Kulkarni SS, Chou CH, Liao WM, Hung SC. A concise synthesis of tetrahydroxy-LCB, alpha-galactosyl ceramide, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-L-ribitol via D-allosamines as key building blocks. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1226-9. [PMID: 16438541 DOI: 10.1021/jo051518u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of tetrahydroxy-LCB 1, alpha-galactosyl ceramide 2, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-L-ribitol 3 via D-allosamine derivatives as common synthons are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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39
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40
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Yu H, Chokhawala H, Karpel R, Yu H, Wu B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Chen X. A Multifunctional Pasteurella multocida Sialyltransferase: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Sialoside Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:17618-9. [PMID: 16351087 DOI: 10.1021/ja0561690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional sialyltransferase has been cloned from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 and expressed in E. coli as a truncated C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant protein (tPm0188Ph). Biochemical studies indicate that the obtained protein is (1) an alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (main function), (2) an alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, (3) an alpha2,3-sialidase, and (4) an alpha2,3-trans-sialidase. The recombinant tPm0188Ph is a powerful tool in the synthesis of structurally diverse sialoside libraries due to its relaxed substrate specificity, high solubility, high expression level, and multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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41
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Yu H, Yu H, Karpel R, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of CMP-sialic acid derivatives by a one-pot two-enzyme system: comparison of substrate flexibility of three microbial CMP-sialic acid synthetases. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:6427-35. [PMID: 15556760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three C terminal His6-tagged recombinant microbial CMP-sialic acid synthetases [EC 2.7.7.43] cloned from Neisseria meningitidis group B, Streptococcus agalactiae serotype V, and Escherichia coli K1, respectively, were evaluated for their ability in the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid derivatives in a one-pot two-enzyme system. In this system, N-acetylmannosamine or mannose analogs were condensed with pyruvate, catalyzed by a recombinant sialic acid aldolase [EC 4.1.3.3] cloned from E. coli K12 to provide sialic acid analogs as substrates for the CMP-sialic acid synthetases. The substrate flexibility and the reaction efficiency of the three recombinant CMP-sialic acid synthetases were compared, first by qualitative screening using thin layer chromatography, and then by quantitative analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. The N. meningitidis synthetase was shown to have the highest expression level, the most flexible substrate specificity, and the highest catalytic efficiency among the three synthetases. Finally, eight sugar nucleotides, including cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) and its derivatives with substitutions at carbon-5, carbon-8, or carbon-9 of Neu5Ac, were synthesized in a preparative (100-200 mg) scale from their 5- or 6-carbon sugar precursors using the N. meningitidis synthetase and the aldolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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42
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García-Junceda E, García-García JF, Bastida A, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Enzymes in the synthesis of bioactive compounds: the prodigious decades. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1817-34. [PMID: 15051051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals has impelled research on enzymes as catalysts for asymmetric synthetic transformations. However, the use of enzymes for this purpose was rather limited until the discovery that enzymes can work in organic solvents. Since the advent of the PCR the number of available enzymes has been growing rapidly and the tailor-made biocatalysts are becoming a reality. Thus, it has been possible the use of enzymes for the synthesis of new innovative medicines such as carbohydrates and their incorporation to modern methods for drug development, such as combinatorial chemistry. Finally, the genomic research is allowing the manipulation of whole genomes opening the door to the combinatorial biosynthesis of compounds. In this review, our intention is to highlight the main landmarks that have led to transfer the chemical efficiency shown by the enzymes in the cell to the synthesis of bioactive molecules in the lab during the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Junceda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3. Madrid 28006, Spain.
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43
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Koto S, Hirooka M, Tashiro T, Sakashita M, Hatachi M, Kono T, Shimizu M, Yoshida N, Kurasawa S, Sakuma N, Sawazaki S, Takeuchi A, Shoya N, Nakamura E. Simple preparations of alkyl and cycloalkyl α-glycosides of maltose, cellobiose, and lactose. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2415-24. [PMID: 15388356 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl, cycloalkyl, allyl, 4-pentenyl, and benzyl alpha-glycosides of maltose, cellobiose, and lactose were prepared (17-77% yield; alpha/beta=70/30-96/4) via a direct reaction of the free disaccharides with a binary AcBr-AcOH mixture, followed by glycosidation with alcohol using FeCl3 in MeNO2 or CH2Cl2, Zemplén deacetylation, and resolution of the anomeric mixture of glycosides by chromatography. Using MeCN as solvent for the glycosidation step, the corresponding beta-biosides were also prepared (16-61% yield; alpha/beta=25/75-5/95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkiti Koto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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44
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Zhang J, Wu B, Zhang Y, Kowal P, Wang PG. Creatine phosphate--creatine kinase in enzymatic synthesis of glycoconjugates. Org Lett 2003; 5:2583-6. [PMID: 12868864 DOI: 10.1021/ol034319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Enzymatic production of glycoconjugates is hampered by expensive phosphagens such as acetyl phosphate (AcP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Here, we introduce creatine phosphate--creatine kinase system as a novel and practical energy source in carbohydrate synthesis. This system was successfully demonstrated in the production of bioactive oligosaccharides with different sugar nucleotide regeneration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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45
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Choudhury Mukherjee I, Minoura N, Uzawa H. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the sialyl-alpha-(2-->3')-lactosamine trisaccharide with a 3-aminopropyl group as a spacer at the reducing end. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1265-70. [PMID: 12791279 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The trisaccharide, 3-aminopropyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid-(2-->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside has been synthesized chemoenzymatically for the first time. First, the acceptor, 3-aminopropyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside was synthesized in a conventional chemical manner, and then it was coupled with CMP-sialic acid using alpha-(2-->3)-(N)-sialyltransferase to afford the desired trisaccharide by an enzymatically stereocontrolled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Choudhury Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Advanced Bioelectronics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
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46
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Bastida A, Latorre M, García-Junceda E. In vivo chaperone-assisted folding of alpha-1,6-fucosyltransferase from Rhizobium sp. Chembiochem 2003; 4:531-3. [PMID: 12794864 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Bastida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica Instituto de Química Orgánica General CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
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47
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Mukaiyama T, Mandai H, Jona H. A Catalytic and α-Selective Sialylation Using Novel 5-Azido Sialyl Fluoride. CHEM LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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