1
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Shang J, Wang Z, Sun C, Wang R, Hua X, Feng L, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang HL, Xu J, Shao X. Spiro-Buckybowls: Synthesis and Selective Transformations Toward Chiral and Nonlinear Optical Polycycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202414231. [PMID: 39136326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202414231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Integration of spirocycles with buckybowls is a promising strategy to construct three-dimensional (3D) curved π-systems and to endow distinctive physicochemical features arising from buckybowls. Herein, a series of carbon-bridged spiro-type heterosumanenes (spiro-HSEs) were synthesized by combining 9,9'-spirobifluorene and dichalcogenasumanenes (DCSs). It is found that spiro-conjugation plays an important role in the geometric and electronic structures of spiro-HSEs. The bowl depth of DCSs moiety becomes larger in the spiro-HSEs. Owing to the Jahn-Teller (J-T) effect, two DCSs segments of spiro-HSEs have different bowl depths accompanied with the unequal distribution of charge in radical cation state. Taking advantage of the typical reactions of DCSs, selective transformations of spiro-HSEs have been adopted in accordance to the nature of chalcogen atoms (S, Se, Te) to bestow the value-added functionalities. The emissive property is enhanced by converting the thiophene rings of S-doped spiro-HSE into thiophene S,S-dioxides. A chiroptical polycycle could be produced by ring-opening of the edge benzene of Se-doped spiro-HSE. The covalent adduct of Te-doped spiro-HSE with Br2 forms non-centrosymmetric halogen-bonded networks, resulting in the high performance second-order nonlinear optics (NLO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Shang
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Sun
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xinqiang Hua
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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2
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Larsen S, Adewuyi JA, Thomas KE, Conradie J, Rousselin Y, Ung G, Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Metallophlorins: Lessons from Iridium and Gold Phlorin Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9842-9853. [PMID: 38743029 PMCID: PMC11134504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phlorins have long remained underexplored relative to their fully conjugated counterparts, such as porphyrins, hydroporphyrins, and corroles. Herein, we have attempted to bridge that knowledge gap with a scalar-relativistic density functional theory (DFT) study of unsubstituted iridium and gold phlorin derivatives and a multitechnique experimental study of iridium-bispyridine and gold complexes of 5,5-dimethyl-10,15,20-tris(pentafluorophenyl)phlorin. Theory and experiments concur that the phlorin derivatives exhibit substantially smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps, as reflected in a variety of observable properties. Thus, the experimentally studied Ir and Au complexes absorb strongly in the near-infrared (NIR), with absorption maxima at 806 and 770 nm, respectively. The two complexes are also weakly phosphorescent with emission maxima at 950 and 967 nm, respectively. They were also found to photosensitize singlet oxygen formation, with quantum yields of 40 and 28%, respectively. The near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission are consonants with smaller electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps of ∼1.6 V, compared to values of ∼2.1 V, for electronically innocent porphyrins and corroles. Interestingly, both the first oxidation and reduction potentials of the Ir complex are some 600 mV shifted to more negative potentials relative to those of the Au complex, indicating an exceptionally electron-rich macrocycle in the case of the Ir complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joseph A. Adewuyi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- ICMUB,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Tomat E, Curtis CJ, Astashkin AV, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Multicenter interactions and ligand field effects in platinum(II) tripyrrindione radicals. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6559-6568. [PMID: 37185585 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The tripyrrin-1,14-dione biopyrrin, which shares the scaffold of several naturally occurring heme metabolites, is a redox-active platform for metal coordination. We report the synthesis of square planar platinum(II) tripyrrindiones, in which the biopyrrin binds as a tridentate radical and the fourth coordination position is occupied by either aqua or tert-butyl isocyanide ligands. These complexes are stable through chromatographic purification and exposure to air. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data and density functional theory (DFT) analysis confirm that the spin density is located predominantly on the tripyrrindione ligand. Pancake bonding in solution between the Pt(II) tripyrrindione radicals leads to the formation of diamagnetic π dimers at low temperatures. The identity of the monodentate ligand (i.e., aqua vs. isocyanide) affects both the thermodynamic parameters of dimerization and the tripyrrindione-based redox processes in these complexes. Isolation and structural characterization of the oxidized complexes revealed stacking of the diamagnetic tripyrrindiones in the solid state as well as a metallophilic Pt(II)-Pt(II) contact in the case of the aqua complex. Overall, the properties of Pt(II) tripyrrindiones, including redox potentials and intermolecular interactions in solution and in the solid state, are modulated through easily accessible changes in the redox state of the biopyrrin ligand or the nature of the monodentate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Clayton J Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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4
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Conradie J, Vazquez-Lima H, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Comparing Isoelectronic, Quadruple-Bonded Metalloporphyrin and Metallocorrole Dimers: Scalar-Relativistic DFT Calculations Predict a >1 eV Range for Ionization Potential and Electron Affinity. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 2:70-78. [PMID: 36855506 PMCID: PMC9955219 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A scalar-relativistic DFT study of isoelectronic, quadruple-bonded Group 6 metalloporphyrins (M = Mo, W) and Group 7 metallocorroles (M = Tc, Re) has uncovered dramatic differences in ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) among the compounds. Thus, both the IPs and EAs of the corrole derivatives are 1 eV or more higher than those of the porphyrin derivatives. These differences largely reflect the much lower orbital energies of the δ- and δ*-orbitals of the corrole dimers relative to those of the porphyrin dimers, which in turn reflect the higher (+III as opposed to +II) oxidation states of the metals in the former compounds. Significant differences have also been determined between Mo and W porphyrin dimers and between Tc and Re corrole dimers. These differences are thought to largely reflect greater relativistic destabilization of the 5d orbitals of W and Re relative to the 4d orbitals of Mo and Tc. The calculated differences in IP and EA should translate to major differences in electrochemical redox potentials-a prediction that in our opinion is well worth confirming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,; Telephone: +47 45476145
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5
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Alemayehu AB, McCormick-McPherson LJ, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Rhenium Corrole Dimers: Electrochemical Insights into the Nature of the Metal-Metal Quadruple Bond. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8315-8321. [PMID: 33998801 PMCID: PMC8278387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
interaction of free-base triarylcorroles with Re2(CO)10 in 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the presence of 2,6-lutidine
at 180 °C under strict anerobic conditions afforded approximately
10% yields of rhenium corrole dimers. The compounds exhibited diamagnetic 1H NMR spectra consistent with a metal–metal quadruple
bond with a σ2π4δ2 orbital occupancy. One of the compounds proved amenable to single-crystal
X-ray structure determination, yielding a metal–metal distance
of ∼2.24 Å, essentially identical to that in triple-bonded
osmium corrole dimers. On the other hand, the electrochemical properties
of Re and Os corrole dimers proved to be radically different. Thus,
the reduction potentials of the Re corrole dimers are some 800 mV
upshifted relative to those of their Os counterparts. Stated differently,
the Re corrole dimers are dramatically easier to reduce, reflecting
electron addition to δ* versus π* molecular orbitals for
Re and Os corrole dimers, respectively. The data also imply electrochemical
HOMO-LUMO gaps of only 1.0–1.1 V for rhenium corrole dimers,
compared with values of 1.85–1.90 V for their Os counterparts.
These HOMO–LUMO gaps rank among the first such values reported
for quadruple-bonded transition-metal dimers for any type of supporting
ligand, porphyrin-type or not. The first metal−metal
quadruple-bonded metallocorrole
dimers have been synthesized in the form of three rhenium meso-triarylcorrole dimers. The compounds exhibit electrochemical
HOMO−LUMO gaps of 1.0−1.1 V, which is some 750 mV smaller
than those of their triple-bonded Os counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura J McCormick-McPherson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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6
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Zhuang B, Tojo S, Fujitsuka M. Electronic and Structural Properties of 2,3‐Naphthalimide in Open‐Shell Configurations Investigated by Pulse Radiolytic and Theoretical Approaches. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhuang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Sachiko Tojo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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7
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Wang Q, Song M, Song X, Bu Y. Unexpected diradical character and large magnetic spin coupling in modified porphyrins induced by inverting pyrrole rings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17209-17220. [PMID: 31343647 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives with inverted pyrrole rings have been experimentally synthesized, and their relevant electronic and magnetic properties have great application prospects in terms of electronic devices. In this work, we rationally design the structures and computationally investigate the electronic properties of porphine and Mg/Zn-porphyrin derivatives with two inverted pyrrole rings, i.e. the dipyrrole-inverted porphine and Mg/Zn-porphyrin analogues (1NN-2H, 2NN-2H, 1NN-Mg, 2NN-Mg, 1NN-Zn and 2NN-Zn), at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The main structural characters of these porphyrin derivatives are that the [double bond splayed left]NH units of two pyrrole rings are inverted outwards and the porphyrin-like macrocycles are distorted from square to diamond shapes. More interestingly, these dipyrrole-inverted porphyrin derivatives present diradical characters with noticeably large antiferromagnetic spin coupling constants, i.e.-982.2/-936.3 cm-1 for 1NN-2H/2NN-2H, -796.3/-764.2 cm-1 for 1NN-Mg/2NN-Mg and -1044.5/-1055.2 cm-1 for 1NN-Zn/2NN-Zn, but their monopyrrole-inverted counterparts do not. Examinations of the orbital properties featuring large occupation numbers of the lowest unoccupied natural orbitals and two singly occupied molecular orbitals that are polarized in opposite directions also confirm these findings. These porphyrin derivatives have small singlet-triplet energy gaps and small energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the closed-shell singlet states. These are conducive to the emergence of diradical character and large spin coupling constants. Furthermore, the spin-alternation analyses show that each dipyrrole-inverted porphyrin derivative has two resonant structures featuring two spin-opposite single electrons, in agreement with the observed antiferromagnetic spin couplings. This work provides novel insights into the electronic structures and properties of the porphyrin derivatives with modified structures and also provides helpful information for the rational design, synthesis and characterization of new porphyrin-based magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Fujiyoshi JY, Tonami T, Yamane M, Okada K, Kishi R, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG, Nozawa R, Shinokubo H, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on Open-Shell Singlet Character and Second Hyperpolarizabilities in Cofacial π-Stacked Dimers Composed of Weak Open-Shell Antiaromatic Porphyrins. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2863-2871. [PMID: 30080316 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
From the analysis based on the broken-symmetry density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we in this study propose a strategy to enhance the open-shell characters and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of π-stacked dimers composed of antiaromatic molecules with weak open-shell characters. For this purpose, we here constructed cofacial π-stacked dimer models composed of aromatic and antiaromatic NiII porphyrins in order to examine the π-π stacking distance (R) dependence of the diradical characters (y) and static second hyperpolarizabilities (γ). The antiaromatic porphyrin dimers are found to have intermediate y around R∼3.3 Å, the result of which originates in the unique intermolecular interactions between the antiaromatic monomers. Static γ along the stacking direction of such antiaromatic porphyrin dimers with intermediate diradical characters are shown to be enhanced significantly as compared to those of the isolated monomers and the aromatic porphyrin dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Fujiyoshi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for advanced materials science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for advanced materials science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN) Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Scheidt WR, Cheng B, Venugopal Reddy K, Brancato KE. Alternant Bond Distances in Octaethylporphyrin π-Cation Radicals. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The possible appearance and nature of alternant bond distance patterns in the inner 16-membered ring of several octaethylporphyrin [Formula: see text]-cation radicals has been investigated. This study was made possible by recognizing an unexpected solvent system, namely dichloromethane/chloroform, even though the [Formula: see text]-cation species have extremely limited solubility in chloroform. A total of six [M(OEP[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] derivatives were studied by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. Two new zinc derivatives display, quantitatively, the same alternant pattern observed previously. A new nickel complex shows a smaller but now probably significant alternant pattern. However, a copper derivative, independently analyzed twice, shows no evidence for an alternant pattern. The importance of ring–ring interactions on the energy of the top two orbitals is shown by two distinct magnesium derivatives. The derivative with strongly overlapped rings displays an alternant bond distance pattern, whereas the other, with a modestly overlapped ring pair, does not. This suggests the importance of strong ring–ring interactions in leading to a pseudo-Jahn-Teller state; this hypothesis is also supported by other prior results.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Beisong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K. Venugopal Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Kristin E. Brancato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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10
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Artiukhin DG, Stein CJ, Reiher M, Neugebauer J. Quantum Chemical Spin Densities for Radical Cations of Photosynthetic Pigment Models. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:815-833. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G. Artiukhin
- Theoretische Organische Chemie; Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster Germany
| | | | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie; Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster Germany
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11
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Venturinelli Jannuzzi SA, Phung QM, Domingo A, Formiga ALB, Pierloot K. Spin State Energetics and Oxyl Character of Mn-Oxo Porphyrins by Multiconfigurational ab Initio Calculations: Implications on Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5168-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Augusto Venturinelli Jannuzzi
- Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 6154, University of Campinas − UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alex Domingo
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Sil D, Dey S, Kumar A, Bhowmik S, Rath SP. Oxidation triggers extensive conjugation and unusual stabilization of two di-heme dication diradical intermediates: role of bridging group for electronic communication. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1212-1223. [PMID: 29910877 PMCID: PMC5975787 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic analogs of diheme enzyme MauG have been reported. Unlike the bis-Fe(iv) state in MauG, the 2e-oxidation stabilizes two ferric hemes, each coupled with a porphyrin π-cation radical.
MauG is a diheme enzyme that utilizes two covalently bound c-type hemes to catalyse the biosynthesis of the protein-derived cofactor tryptophan tryptophylquinone. The two hemes are physically separated by 14.5 Å and a hole-hopping mechanism is proposed in which a tryptophan residue located between the hemes undergoes reversible oxidation and reduction to increase the effective electronic coupling element and enhance the rate of reversible electron transfer between the hemes in bis-Fe(iv) MauG. The present work describes the structure and spectroscopic investigation of 2e-oxidations of the synthetic diheme analogs in which two heme centers are covalently connected through a conjugated ethylene bridge that leads to the stabilization of two unusual trans conformations (U and P′ forms) with different and distinct spectroscopic and geometric features. Unlike in MauG, where the two oxidizing equivalents are distributed within the diheme system giving rise to the bis-Fe(iv) redox state, the synthetic analog stabilizes two ferric hemes, each coupled with a porphyrin cation radical, a scenario resembling the binuclear dication diradical complex. Interestingly, charge resonance-transition phenomena are observed here both in 1e and 2e-oxidised species from the same system, which are also clearly distinguishable by their relative position and intensity. Detailed UV-vis-NIR, X-ray, Mössbauer, EPR and 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations as well as variable temperature magnetic studies have unraveled strong electronic communications between two porphyrin π-cation radicals through the bridging ethylene group. The extensive π-conjugation also allows antiferromagnetic coupling between iron(iii) centers and porphyrin radical spins of both rings. DFT calculations revealed extended π-conjugation and H-bonding interaction as the major factors in controlling the stability of the conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debangsu Sil
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India . ;
| | - Soumyajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India . ;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India . ;
| | - Susovan Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India . ;
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India . ;
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Białek MJ, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Oxidation and Oxygenation of Carbonyl Ruthenium(II) Azuliporphyrin. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6184-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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MacLeod MK, Shiozaki T. Communication: Automatic code generation enables nuclear gradient computations for fully internally contracted multireference theory. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:051103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Toru Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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15
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Sahoo D, Rath SP. Controlled generation of highly saddled (porphyrinato)iron(iii) iodide, tri-iodide and one-electron oxidized complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16790-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three iron(iii) porphyrinato complexes have been isolated selectively just by varying the iodine concentration, which eventually form the admixed-intermediate (iodo complex), pure intermediate (tri-iodide complex) and high-spin (1e-oxidized complex) states of iron where iodide and/or tri-iodide were used as axial ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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16
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Feng Z, Xie Y, Hao F, Liu P, Luo H. Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane by substituted metalloporphyrins: experimental and molecular simulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metalloporphyrins and metalloporphyrin intermediates with lower energy gap have stronger ability to activate the oxygen and cyclohexane respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Yujia Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Fang Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Pingle Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - He'an Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
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17
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Komamura K, Shimizu S, Kotani H, Kobayashi N, Kojima T. Ring-fused porphyrins: extension of π-conjugation significantly affects the aromaticity and optical properties of the porphyrin π-systems and the Lewis acidity of the central metal ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15001-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ring fusion with five-membered rings causes not only the narrowed HOMO–LUMO gaps but also the contribution of anti-aromatic resonance forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Keiyu Komamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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18
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Baroudi A, El-Hellani A, Bengali AA, Goldman AS, Hasanayn F. Calculation of Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity, and Hydride Affinity Trends in Pincer-Ligated d8-Ir(tBu4PXCXP) Complexes: Implications for the Thermodynamics of Oxidative H2 Addition. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12348-59. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5015829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Baroudi
- Department
of Chemistry, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad El-Hellani
- Department
of Chemistry, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department
of Chemistry, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Dey S, Rath SP. Syn–anti conformational switching in an ethane-bridged Co(ii)bisporphyrin induced by external stimuli: effects of inter-macrocyclic interactions, axial ligation and chemical and electrochemical oxidations. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2301-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52784k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gao H, Chen F, Yao G, Chen D. DFT Study on Structural Distortion and Vibronic Coupling of Vanadyl Porphyrin Anion and Cation. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/05/504-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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21
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Yadav A, Mishra PC. Polyradicals of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as finite size models of graphene: highly open-shell nature, symmetry breaking, and enhanced-edge electron density. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8958-68. [PMID: 23941534 DOI: 10.1021/jp4058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Properties of polyradicals (all CH bonds dissociated) of benzene and certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. The occurrence of symmetry breaking is revealed in going from benzene and the PAHs to their polyradicals. Polyradicals would serve as finite size models of graphene with unpassivated edges in a more realistic way than the PAHs. Monoradicals (one CH bond dissociated) of benzene and all of the PAHs and higher radicals of benzene and one PAH (two to all CH bonds successively dissociated) were also investigated. Reliability of the methodology employed was ascertained by a comparison of our calculated single CH bond dissociation energy of benzene with the available previous experimental and theoretical results. Besides ground-state geometries, the aspects studied include single and successive CH bond dissociation energies, and electron density, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and spin density distributions. All of the monoradicals studied were found to have doublet spin multiplicity, while polyradicals with 4 to 16 rings and zigzag or mixed-type edges were found to have spin multiplicities varying from triplet to 11et. Bond lengths and bond angles of rings located at the edges are appreciably modified in going from PAHs to polyradicals. Electron density and spin density are found to be enhanced at the edges of monoradicals and polyradicals of PAHs, as found previously for PAHs. However, MEP maps of polyradicals have significantly different features from those of monoradicals and PAHs, which has a significant implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Yadav
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Devillers CH, Dimé AK, Cattey H, Lucas D. Crystallographic, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of pyridine adducts of magnesium(II) and zinc(II) porphine complexes. CR CHIM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Singh AP, Samuel PP, Roesky HW, Schwarzer MC, Frenking G, Sidhu NS, Dittrich B. A Singlet Biradicaloid Zinc Compound and Its Nonradical Counterpart. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7324-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402351x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pratap Singh
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prinson P. Samuel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin C. Schwarzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstraße,
35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstraße,
35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Navdeep S. Sidhu
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Institut
für Anorganische
und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146-Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Kumar N, Kuta J, Galezowski W, Kozlowski PM. Electronic Structure of One-Electron-Oxidized Form of the Methylcobalamin Cofactor: Spin Density Distribution and Pseudo-Jahn–Teller Effect. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1762-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville,
Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jadwiga Kuta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville,
Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Wlodzimierz Galezowski
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University,
Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel M. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville,
Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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25
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Borrelli R, Thoss M, Wang H, Domcke W. Quantum dynamics of electron-transfer reactions: photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer in a porphyrin–quinone complex. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.676211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Sugawara S, Hirata Y, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y, Miyazaki E, Takimiya K, Matsukawa S, Hashizume D, Mack J, Kobayashi N, Fu Z, Kadish KM, Sung YM, Kim KS, Kim D. Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Antiaromatic Benzofused Metalloporphyrins. Chemistry 2012; 18:3566-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Alamiry MAH, Benniston AC, Copley G, Harriman A, Howgego D. Intramolecular Excimer Formation for Covalently Linked Boron Dipyrromethene Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12111-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. H. Alamiry
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Copley
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - David Howgego
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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28
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Yin J, Wan J, Xu J, Wang H, Zheng X. Photodecay dynamics of octaethylporphine in the condensed phase explored via resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1416-1423. [PMID: 21396881 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectra of free-base octaethylporphine (OEP) were obtained with 368.9 nm, 397.9 nm and 416.0 nm excitation wavelengths, and density functional calculations were done to help the elucidation of Soret (B(x) and B(y)-band) electronic transitions and the corresponding photo relaxation dynamics of OEP. The RRs indicate that the Franck-Condon region photo relaxation dynamics upon S(0)→S(8) electronic transition is predominantly along the totally symmetric C(m)C(α) stretch, the C(β)C(β) stretch, and simultaneously along the asymmetric δ(pyr deformation),γ(CH(2)) vibrational relaxation processes. The excited state structural dynamics of OEP determined from resonance Raman spectra show that the internal conversion between B(y) and B(x) electronic states occurs in tens of femtoseconds and the electronic relaxation dynamics were firstly interpreted with account of the time-dependent wave packet theory and Herzberg-Teller (vibronic coupling) contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of ATMMT(MOE), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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29
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Takai A, Habermeyer B, Fukuzumi S. Facile formation of a meso–meso linked porphyrin dimer catalyzed by a manganese(iv)–oxo porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6804-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Chaudhary A, Patra R, Rath SP. Binding of Catechols to Iron(III)-Octaethylporphyrin: An Experimental and DFT Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Borrelli R, Domcke W. First-principles study of photoinduced electron-transfer dynamics in a Mg–porphyrin–quinone complex. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Li M, Neal TJ, Wyllie GRA, Schulz CE, Scheidt WR. Structural and magnetic effects of meso-substitution in alkyl-substituted metalloporphyrinate pi-cation radicals: characterization of [Fe(TalkylP*)(Cl)]SbCl6 (alkyl = ethyl and n-propyl). Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8078-85. [PMID: 20799740 DOI: 10.1021/ic101099z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of two meso-alkyl substituted porphyrin pi-cation radical derivatives, [Fe(TalkylP(*))(Cl)]SbCl(6) (alkyl = ethyl or propyl). Both complexes have been characterized by UV/vis/near-IR, IR, and Mossbauer spectroscopy, temperature-dependent solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements, and X-ray structure determinations. All data for both oxidized species are consistent with the formulation of the complexes as ring-oxidized iron(III) porphyrin species. The molecular structures of the two five-coordinate species have the typical square-pyramidal coordination group of high-spin iron(III) derivatives. The crystal structures also reveal that the species form cofacial pi-pi dimers with lateral shifts of 1.44 A and 3.22 A, respectively, for the propyl and ethyl radical derivatives. Both radicals exhibit porphyrin cores with alternating bond distance patterns in the inner 16-membered ring. In addition, [Fe(TEtP(*))(Cl)]SbCl(6) and [Fe(TPrP(*))(Cl)]SbCl(6) have been characterized by temperature-dependent (6-300 K) magnetic susceptibility studies, the best fitting of the temperature-dependent moments reveal strong coupling between iron spins and porphyrin radical, and a smaller magnitude of antiferromagnetic coupling between ring radicals, which are opposite to those found in the five-coordinate iron(III) OEP radicals. The differences in structure and properties of the cation radical meso-alkyl and beta-alkyl derivatives possibly reflect differences in properties of a(1u)- and a(2u)-forming radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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33
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Yamamoto Y, Hirata Y, Kodama M, Yamaguchi T, Matsukawa S, Akiba KY, Hashizume D, Iwasaki F, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Chen P, Kadish KM, Kobayashi N. Synthesis, Reactions, and Electronic Properties of 16 π-Electron Octaisobutyltetraphenylporphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12627-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Yusuke Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Megumi Kodama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Torahiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Shiro Matsukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Kin-ya Akiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Fujiko Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Molecular Characterization Team and Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Chemistry Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, X-ray Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 195-8666,
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Chen H, Song J, Lai W, Wu W, Shaik S. Multiple Low-Lying States for Compound I of P450cam and Chloroperoxidase Revealed from Multireference Ab Initio QM/MM Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:940-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9006234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhen Lai
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
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35
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Devillers CH, Lucas D, Dime AKD, Rousselin Y, Mugnier Y. Exploring the redox reactivity of magnesium porphine. Insight into the origins of electropolymerisation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2404-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b914916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Havenith RW, Meijer AJ, Irving BJ, Fowler PW. Comparison of ring currents evaluated consistently at density functional and Hartree–Fock levels. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903449396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Rosa A, Ricciardi G. A time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) interpretation of the optical spectra of zinc phthalocyanine π-cation and π-anion radicals. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The UV–visible and near-IR spectra of the zinc phthalocyanine π-cation and π-anion radicals, [ZnPc(–1)]•+ and [ZnPc(–3)]•–, are investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations using the pure, asymptotically correct, statistical average of (model) orbital potentials (SAOP) functional. The nature and intensity of the main spectral features are highlighted and interpreted on the basis of the ground-state electronic structure of the complexes. Similarities and differences with previous TDDFT/B3LYP results are discussed. TDDFT/SAOP results for the π-anion radical prove to be in excellent agreement with the solution spectra and generally in line with deconvolution analyses of solution absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra. On the basis of these results a novel interpretation of the Q-band system is proposed. For the π-cation radical TDDFT/SAOP calculations provide a satisfactory description of the UV region of the spectrum. However, they do not reproduce accurately the energy and intensity of the Q band observed at 825 nm. The description of the Q-band region appears to be complicated by the presence of spurious non-Gouterman transitions. Furthermore, the calculations, either in the gas phase or in solution, do not account for the broad absorption near 500 nm that has been suggested to arise from a nondegenerate, z-polarized 2A2g excited state. Theory and experiment can be reconciled if the presence of an axial ligand such as CN– is explicitly considered in the calculations. TDDFT/SAOP results for the axially ligated [ZnPc(–1)(CN)]• species indicate that the 500 nm feature is related to the axial ligation induced symmetry lowering of the π-cation radical and this band is assigned to a z-polarized transition associated with the hole in the 2a1u.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Strenalyuk T, Samdal S, Volden HV. Molecular Structure of the trans and cis Isomers of Metal-Free Phthalocyanine Studied by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and High-Level Quantum Chemical Calculations: NH Tautomerization and Calculated Vibrational Frequencies. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4853-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Strenalyuk
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Samdal
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Vidar Volden
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
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39
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Paulat F, Lehnert N. Detailed assignment of the magnetic circular dichroism and UV-vis spectra of five-coordinate high-spin ferric [Fe(TPP)(Cl)]. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:4963-76. [PMID: 18438984 DOI: 10.1021/ic8002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-spin (hs) ferric heme centers occur in the catalytic or redox cycles of many metalloproteins and exhibit very complicated magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and UV-vis absorption spectra. Therefore, detailed assignments of the MCD spectra of these species are missing. In this study, the electronic spectra (MCD and UV-vis) of the five-coordinate hs ferric model complex [Fe(TPP)(Cl)] are analyzed and assigned for the first time. A correlated fit of the absorption and low-temperature MCD spectra of [Fe(TPP)(Cl)] lead to the identification of at least 20 different electronic transitions. The assignments of these spectra are based on the following: (a) variable temperature and variable field saturation data, (b) time-dependent density functional theory calculations, (c) MCD pseudo A-terms, and (d) correlation to resonance Raman (rRaman) data to validate the assignments. From these results, a number of puzzling questions about the electronic spectra of [Fe(TPP)(Cl)] are answered. The Soret band in [Fe(TPP)(Cl)] is split into three components because one of its components is mixed with the porphyrin A2u72-->Eg82/83 (pi-->pi*) transition. The broad, intense absorption feature at higher energy from the Soret band is due to one of the Soret components and a mixed sigma and pi chloro to iron CT transition. The high-temperature MCD data allow for the identification of the Q v band at 20 202 cm(-1), which corresponds to the C-term feature at 20 150 cm(-1). Q is not observed but can be localized by correlation to rRaman data published before. Finally, the low energy absorption band around 650 nm is assigned to two P-->Fe charge transfer transitions, one being the long sought after A1u(HOMO)-->d pi transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Paulat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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40
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Strenalyuk T, Samdal S, Volden HV. Molecular Structures of Phthalocyaninatozinc and Hexadecafluorophthalocyaninatozinc Studied by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12011-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074455n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Strenalyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Samdal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Vidar Volden
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
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41
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Samdal S, Volden HV, Ferro VR, García de la Vega JM, Gonzalez-Rodríguez D, Torres T. Molecular Structure of Chloro-dodecafluorosubphthalocyanato Boron(III) by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4542-50. [PMID: 17447746 DOI: 10.1021/jp0710988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of the chloro-dodecafluorosubphthalocyaninato boron(III) (F-SubPc) was determined with use of Gas Electron Diffraction (GED) and high-level quantum chemical calculations. The present results show that the F-SubPc molecule has a cone-shaped configuration, isoindole units are not planar, and the pyrrole ring has an envelope conformation. The structure parameters in the gas phase are determined. Some structural details can be observed such as the dihedral angle about the bond connecting the pyrrole ring and the benzene ring being ca. 174 degrees . High-level theoretical calculations with several extended basis sets for this molecule have been carried out. The calculations are in very good agreement with experimental methods: X-ray and GED. Nevertheless, some disagreements particularly related to the B-Cl bond distance found in GED are discussed. Vibrational frequencies were computed obtaining eight values below 100 cm-1 and three bending potentials were examined. They suggest that this molecule is very flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samdal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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Yoshizawa K, Nakayama T, Kamachi T, Kozlowski PM. Vibronic Interaction in Metalloporphyrin π-Anion Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:852-7. [PMID: 17266225 DOI: 10.1021/jp0666479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vibronic (vibrational-electronic) interactions in the pi-anion radicals of the metalloporphyrins (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), which show delocalized D4h structures in the neutral states, are discussed using B3LYP density-functional-theory calculations. The B1g and B2g modes of vibration can remove the degenerate 2Eg state of the pi-anion radicals in the D4h symmetric structures to lead to rectangular and diamond D2h distortions, respectively. Calculated vibronic coupling constants demonstrate that the B1g modes of vibration better couple with the degenerate electronic state, leading to the rectangular D2h distortion. In particular, the B1g modes of nu10 and nu11, which have dominant contributions from Calpha-Cm and Cbeta-Cbeta stretching, give large vibronic coupling constants in the pi-anion radicals. The vibronic coupling constant can be viewed as the Jahn-Teller distortion force, and therefore these C-C stretching B1g modes will play a central role in the Jahn-Teller effect of the pi-anion radicals of the metalloporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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44
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Cissell JA, Vaid TP, Yap GPA. The Doubly Oxidized, Antiaromatic Tetraphenylporphyrin Complex [Li(TPP)][BF4]. Org Lett 2006; 8:2401-4. [PMID: 16706536 DOI: 10.1021/ol060772l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Oxidation of dilithium tetraphenylporphyrin, Li(2)(TPP), yields the doubly oxidized porphyrin complex [Li(TPP)][BF(4)]. Free TPP appears to be unstable. The crystal structure of [Li(TPP)][BF(4)] reveals that the 16-atom C-N inner ring of the porphyrin consists of alternating single and double bonds. NMR spectroscopy and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations, in addition to the distortion from planarity observed in the crystal structure, indicate that the 16 pi-electron inner C-N ring of the porphyrin is antiaromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Cissell
- Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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45
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Hirao H, Shaik S, Kozlowski PM. Theoretical Analysis of the Structural and Electronic Properties of Metalloporphyrin π-Cation Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:6091-9. [PMID: 16671680 DOI: 10.1021/jp0558066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for analyzing the A(1u)/A(2u) contents of metalloporphyrin pi-cation radicals is developed and applied to a series of unsubstituted planar metalloporphines (MPs) (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The structures and electronic properties of the MPs and their cation radicals were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and subsequently analyzed. It was found that the MPs with small core sizes have a tendency to form A(1u)-type radicals, while the MPs with large core size have a preference for an A(2u)-type. Neither of these pure-state species, however, is stable under the D(4)(h) symmetry, and both radical cation types are subject to pseudo-Jahn-Teller (pJT) distortion. The pJT distortion leads to structures with lower symmetry and states that have mixed character with respect to the A(1u) and A(2u) components. The degree of mixing could be estimated by employing orbital projection technique or a complementary spin density decomposition. Both techniques produce very similar results, pointing out that the frontier orbital, which becomes empty upon electron removal, plays a critical role in determining electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hirao
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Terner J, Palaniappan V, Gold A, Weiss R, Fitzgerald MM, Sullivan AM, Hosten CM. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical and oxoiron(IV) hemes in peroxidase intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:480-501. [PMID: 16513173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic cycle intermediates of heme peroxidases, known as compounds I and II, have been of long standing interest as models for intermediates of heme proteins, such as the terminal oxidases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, and for non-heme iron enzymes as well. Reports of resonance Raman signals for compound I intermediates of the oxo-iron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type have been sometimes contradictory due to complications arising from photolability, causing compound I signals to appear similar to those of compound II or other forms. However, studies of synthetic systems indicated that protein based compound I intermediates of the oxoiron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type should exhibit vibrational signatures that are different from the non-radical forms. The compound I intermediates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago do in fact exhibit unique and characteristic vibrational spectra. The nature of the putative oxoiron(IV) bond in peroxidase intermediates has been under discussion in the recent literature, with suggestions that the Fe(IV)O unit might be better described as Fe(IV)-OH. The generally low Fe(IV)O stretching frequencies observed for proteins have been difficult to mimic in synthetic ferryl porphyrins via electron donation from trans axial ligands alone. Resonance Raman studies of iron-oxygen vibrations within protein species that are sensitive to pH, deuteration, and solvent oxygen exchange, indicate that hydrogen bonding to the oxoiron(IV) group within the protein environment contributes to substantial lowering of Fe(IV)O frequencies relative to those of synthetic model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Terner
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA.
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47
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Matsuzaki Y, Nogami A, Tsuda A, Osuka A, Tanaka K. A Theoretical Study on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of π-Conjugated Linear Porphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4888-99. [PMID: 16599459 DOI: 10.1021/jp0582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By using the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) theory, the second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) have been calculated for various pi-conjugated porphyrin arrays including "porphyrin tapes": the meso-beta doubly linked porphyrin array Dn and the meso-meso, beta-beta, beta-beta triply linked array Tn. The validity of the PPP theory is checked via a comparison with both the ab initio Hartree-Fock and the B3LYP theories in the case of porphyrin monomers and dimers. It is found that Dn and especially Tn exhibit much more remarkable evolution of gamma/n along with an increasing number of porphyrin units n compared with the butadiyne-bridged array, Yn. As a result, the static third-order susceptibilities chi((3)) of Dn and Tn are expected to be 1 and 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of Yn in the limit n --> infinity, and these advantages of porphyrin tapes become more prominent by taking into account geometrical relaxations of porphyrin units in the arrays. The structure-property relationship in various conjugated polymers including porphyrin arrays is interpreted on the basis of the scaling behaviors of chi((1)) and chi((3)) with the effective conjugation length (ECL) as well as the reciprocal HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1/E(g)). In particular, from the master plot of chi((3)) (and even chi((1))) versus 1/E(g), the pi-conjugation of Tn is noted to indeed be exceptional, because its large susceptibilities cannot be expected from the scaling behavior of ordinary one-dimensional conjugated systems. We also point out that the theory of scaling relationship, chi((3)) approximately 1/E(g)(x)(), is significantly improved by taking into account electron-electron interactions based on the comparison with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Matsuzaki
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan.
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48
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Kelley RF, Tauber MJ, Wasielewski MR. Intramolecular Electron Transfer through the 20-Position of a Chlorophyll a Derivative: An Unexpectedly Efficient Conduit for Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4779-91. [PMID: 16594715 DOI: 10.1021/ja058233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suzuki cross-coupling reactions have afforded 20-phenyl-substituted Chlorophyll a derivatives (ZCPh) in good yields and significant quantities from readily available Chl a. A series of donor-acceptor dyads was synthesized in which naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) or either of two perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) electron acceptors is attached to the para position of the 20-phenyl group. Comparisons with the analogous dyads based on a zinc 5,10,15-tri(n-pentyl)-20-phenylporphyrin donor show that, for a given acceptor and solvent, the rates of photoinduced charge separation and recombination as well as the calculated electronic coupling matrix elements, V, for these reactions differ by less than a factor of 2. However, EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy corroborated by DFT calculations show that the highest occupied MO of ZCPh+* has little spin (charge) density at the 20-carbon atom, whereas Z3PnPh+* has significant spin (charge) density there, implying that V, and therefore the electron-transfer rates, should differ significantly for these two macrocyclic donors. DFT calculations on ZCPh+* and Z3PnPh+*, with two -0.5 charges located where the nearest carbonyl oxygen atoms of the acceptor would reside in the donor-acceptor dyads, show that the presence of the negative charges significantly shifts the charge density of both ZCPh+* and Z3PnPh+* from the macrocycle onto the phenyl rings. Thus, the presence of adjacent covalently linked radical anions at a fixed location relative to each of these radical cations results in nearly identical electronic coupling matrix elements for electron transfer and therefore very similar rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Kelley
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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49
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Deng Y, Huang MJ. Quantum chemical investigation of a dinuclear iridium porphyrin and its dipositive π-cation biradical. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Ghosh A, Wasbotten IH, Davis W, Swarts JC. Norcorrole and Dihydronorcorrole: A Predictive Quantum Chemical Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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