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Beromi MM, Younker JM, Zhong H, Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. Catalyst Design Principles Enabling Intermolecular Alkene-Diene [2+2] Cycloaddition and Depolymerization Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17793-17805. [PMID: 34652908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-substituted pyridine(diimine) iron complexes promote the catalytic [2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkenes and dienes to form vinylcyclobutanes as well as the oligomerization of butadiene to generate divinyl(oligocyclobutane), a microstructure of poly(butadiene) that is chemically recyclable. A systematic study on a series of iron butadiene complexes as well as their ruthenium congeners has provided insights into the essential features of the catalyst that promotes these cycloaddition reactions. Structural and computational studies on iron butadiene complexes identified that the structural rigidity of the tridentate pincer enables rare s-trans diene coordination. This geometry, in turn, promotes dissociation of one of the alkene arms of the diene, opening a coordination site for the incoming substrate to engage in oxidative cyclization. Studies on ruthenium congeners established that this step occurs without redox involvement of the pyridine(diimine) chelate. Cyclobutane formation occurs from a metallacyclic intermediate by reversible C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive coupling. A series of labeling experiments with pyridine(diimine) iron and ruthenium complexes support the favorability of accessing the +3 oxidation state to trigger C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive elimination, involving spin crossover from S = 0 to S = 1. The high density of states of iron and the redox-active pyridine(diimine) ligand facilitate this reactivity under thermal conditions. For the ruthenium congener, the pyridine(diimine) remains redox innocent and irradiation with blue light was required to promote the analogous reactivity. These structure-activity relationships highlight important design principles for the development of next generation catalysts for these cycloaddition reactions as well as the promotion of chemical recycling of cycloaddition polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jarod M Younker
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Hou W, Zhang D, Camacho-Fernandez MA, Zhang Y, Liu G, Tang Y, Guan Z, Huang Z. Double-Linear Insertion Mode of α,ω-Dienes Enabled by Thio-imino-quinoline Iron Catalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miguel A. Camacho-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Iwasaki T, Yokoyama W, Kambe N. Structure of the Complex Ni(C 8H 12)(L) and Its Reactivity toward Organometallic Reagents. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wataru Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Luo G, Luo Y, Hou Z, Qu J. Intermetallic Cooperation in Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by a Binuclear Samarocene Hydride: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jingping Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Mechanisms for the synthesis of conjugated enynes from diphenylacetylene and trimethylsilylacetylene catalyzed by a nickel(0) complex: DFT study of ligand-controlled selectivity. J Mol Model 2015; 21:135. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Kang X, Luo Y, Zhou G, Wang X, Yu X, Hou Z, Qu J. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on the trans-1,4-Specific Polymerization of Isoprene Catalyzed by a Cationic La–Al Binuclear Complex. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500988s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangli Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuerong Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Organometallic Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jingping Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Srivastava VK, Maiti M, Jasra RV. Synthesis and utilization of alternative chain transfer agent in cobalt catalyzed 1,3-butadiene polymerization reaction to produce cis-polybutadiene rubber. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Perrin L, Bonnet F, Chenal T, Visseaux M, Maron L. A Joint Experimental/Theoretical Investigation of the Statistical Olefin/Conjugated Diene Copolymerization Catalyzed by a Hemi-Lanthanidocene [(Cp*)(BH4)LnR]. Chemistry 2010; 16:11376-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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TSIPIS CONSTANTINOSA. ADVENTURES OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY IN THE REALM OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/02603590490486680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Li Z, Liu L, Fu Y, Guo QX. Assessing performance of diverse ONIOM methods in calculation of structures of organonickel and organopalladium compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Dimerisation of butadiene catalyzed by nickel–tris[(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)phenyl]phosphites complexes in fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon biphasic medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Tobisch S, Werner H. [RhIL]-catalyzed cyclotetramerization of 1,3-butadiene: a theoretical investigation of alternative mechanistic paths for the generation of the [RhIII(octadienediyl)(PR3)]+ complex. Dalton Trans 2004:2963-8. [PMID: 15349174 DOI: 10.1039/b409532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical investigation of alternative mechanistic paths for the formation of the [Rh(III)(octadienediyl)(PiPr3)]+ complex is presented, employing a gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) method (BP86). This process represents most likely the first step in the recently reported [Rh(I)L]-catalyzed cyclotetramerization of butadiene (M. Bosch, M. S. Brookhart, K. Ilg and H. Werner, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2000, 39, 2304). The favorable route for oxidative addition under C-C-bond formation starts from the prevalent [Rh(I)(butadiene)2(PiPr3)]+ form of the active catalyst through oxidative coupling between two cis-eta4-butadienes. This affords the [Rh(III)(bis-eta3-anti-octadienediyl)(PiPr3)]+ compound as the kinetic coupling product that consecutively undergoes transformation into the thermodynamically favorable bis-eta3-syn-octadienediyl-Rh(III) isomer via facile allylic conversions occurring in the octadienediyl framework. The computationally predicted energy profile is almost in quantitative agreement with the experimentally determined kinetics and allows a consistent rationalization of the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
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13
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Tobisch S. [Ni0]-Catalyzed Co-oligomerization of 1,3-Butadiene and Ethylene: A Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation of Competing Routes for Generation of Linear and Cyclic C10-Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 126:259-72. [PMID: 14709091 DOI: 10.1021/ja0388865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical investigation of the mechanism for the [Ni(0)]-catalyzed co-oligomerization of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene to afford linear and cyclic C(10)-olefins is presented. Crucial elementary processes have been carefully explored for a tentative catalytic cycle, employing a gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) method. The favorable route for oxidative coupling starts from the prevalent [Ni(0)(eta(2)-butadiene)(2)(ethylene)] form of the active catalyst through oxidative coupling between the two eta(2)-butadienes. The initial eta(3),eta(1)(C(1))-octadienediyl-Ni(II) product is the active precursor for ethylene insertion, which preferably takes place into the syn-eta(3)-allyl-Ni(II) bond of the prevalent eta(3)-syn,eta(1)(C(1)),Delta-cis isomer. The insertion is driven by a strong thermodynamic force, giving rise entirely to eta(3),eta(1),Delta-trans-decatrienyl-Ni(II) forms, with the eta(3)-anti,eta(1),Delta-trans isomer almost exclusively generated. Occurrence of allyl,eta(1),Delta-cis isomers, however, is precluded on both kinetic and thermodynamic grounds, thereby rationalizing the observation that cis-DT and cis,cis-CDD are never formed. Linear and cyclic C(10)-olefins are generated in a highly stereoselective fashion, with trans-DT and cis,trans-CDD as the only isomers, along competing routes of stepwise transition-metal-assisted H-transfer (DT) and reductive CC elimination under ring closure (CDD), respectively, that start from the prevalent eta(3)-anti,eta(1),Delta-trans-decatrienyl-Ni(II) species. The role of allylic conversion in the octadienediyl-Ni(II) and decatrienyl-Ni(II) complexes has been analyzed. As a result of the detailed exploration of all important elementary steps, a theoretically verified, refined catalytic cycle is proposed and the regulation of the selectivity for formation of linear and cyclic C(10)-olefins is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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14
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Schubert G, Pápai I. Acrylate Formation via Metal-Assisted C−C Coupling between CO2 and C2H4: Reaction Mechanism as Revealed from Density Functional Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:14847-58. [PMID: 14640662 DOI: 10.1021/ja035791u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction path for the formation of a binuclear hydrido-acrylate complex in a CO(2)-C(2)H(4) coupling process is explored in detail by locating the key intermediates and transition states on model potential energy surfaces derived from density functional calculations on realistic models. The formation of the new C-C bond is shown to take place via oxidative coupling of coordinated CO(2) and C(2)H(4) ligands resulting in a metalla-lactone intermediate, which can rearrange to an agostic species allowing for a beta-hydrogen shift process. The overall reaction is predicted to be clearly exothermic with all intermediates lying below the reactants in energy, and the highest barrier steps correspond to C-C coupling and beta-hydrogen transfer. The phosphine ligands are found to play an important role in various phases of the reaction as their dissociation controls the coordination of CO(2), the formation of the agostic intermediate, and the dimerization process; furthermore, their presence facilitates the oxidative coupling by supplying electrons to the metal center. Our results provide a theoretical support for the reaction mechanism proposed from experimental observations. The effect of the solvent medium on the relative energy of reaction intermediates and transition states is examined and found important in order to predict reliable energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Schubert
- Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Department, Chemical Research Center of HAS, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Theoretical exploration of structure–reactivity relationships in organometallic chemistry: butadiene insertion into the organyltransition-metal bond and conversion of the allyltransition-metal fragment in the [NiII(η5-Cp)(η1-phenyl)(η2-butadiene)] complex. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Tobisch S. Mechanism of the Chain Termination of the Allylnickel(II)-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene. A Density Functional Investigation for the Cationic [NiII(RC3H4)(cis-C4H6)L]+ Active Catalyst. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034369v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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17
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TOBISCH SVEN. Structure–Reactivity Relationships in the Cyclo-Oligomerization of 1,3-Butadiene Catalyzed by Zerovalent Nickel Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(03)49005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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18
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Tobisch S, Ziegler T. [Ni(0)L]-catalyzed cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene: a density functional investigation of the influence of electronic and steric factors on the regulation of the selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13290-301. [PMID: 12405858 DOI: 10.1021/ja020423w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the influence of the ligand L on the regulation of the product selectivity for the [Ni(0)L]-catalyzed cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene. The investigation was based on density functional theory (DFT) and a combined DFT and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach for the real [bis(butadiene)Ni(0)L] catalysts with L = PMe(3), I; PPh(3), II; P((i)Pr)(3), III; and P(OPh)(3), IV. The role of electronic and steric effects has been elucidated for all crucial elementary steps of the entire catalytic cycle. Allylic isomerization, allylic enantioface conversion, as well as oxidative coupling are shown to be influenced to a minor extent by electronic and steric effects. In contrast, the ligand's properties have a distinct influence on the preestablished equilibrium between the eta(3),eta(1)(C(1)) and bis-eta(3) forms 2 and 4, respectively, of the [(octadienediyl)Ni(II)L] complex and on the rate-determining reductive elimination following competing routes for generation of either VCH, cis-1,2-DVCB, or cis,cis-COD. Electronic factors are shown to predominantly determine the position of the kinetically mobile 2 right harpoon over left harpoon 4 equilibrium. 4 is the prevailing species for ligands L that are pi-acceptors (L = P(OPh)(3)) or weak sigma-donors (L = PPh(3)), while stronger sigma-donors (L = PMe(3), P((i)Pr)(3)) displace the equilibrium to the left. Steric bulk on the ligand as well as its pi-acceptor ability act to facilitate the reductive elimination, while sigma-donor abilities serve to retard this process. Electronic and steric factors are found to not influence uniformly the reductive elimination routes with either 2 or 4 involved. The regulation of the product selectivity is elucidated on the basis of both thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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