1
|
Zhang L, Xu Y, Wei W. Water-soluble organic macrocycles based on dye chromophores and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13562-13570. [PMID: 37901908 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional water-soluble organic macrocyclic receptors generally lack photofunctionality, thus monitoring the drug delivery and the phototheranostic applications of these host-guest macrocyclic systems has been greatly restricted. To address this issue, incorporating π-conjugated dye chromophores as building blocks into macrocyclic molecules is a straightforward and promising strategy. This approach not only imparts intrinsic optical features to the macrocycles themselves but also enhances the host-guest binding ability due to the large planar structures of the dyes. In this feature article, we focus on recent advances in water-soluble macrocyclic compounds based on organic dye chromophores, such as naphthalimide (NDI), perylene diimides (PDI), azobenzene (azo), tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and anthracene, and provide an overview of their various applications including molecular recognition, drug release, biological imaging, photothermal therapy, etc. We hope that this article could be helpful and instructive for the design of water-soluble dye-based macrocycles and the further development of their biomedical applications, particularly in combination with drug therapy and phototheranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang F, Zhen M, Wang S, Wei W, He H, Xu Y. Atropisomer-based construction of a new perylene diimide macrocycle as visible-light photocatalyst for selective sulfide oxidation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
3
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor–Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor-Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113598. [PMID: 34669254 PMCID: PMC9299635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum‐mediated cross‐coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn‐arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12‐membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor–acceptor dyads show ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang F, Li Y, Li R, Wang X, Cui X, Wei W, Xu Y. Fine-Tuning Macrocycle Cavity to Selectively Bind Guests in Water for Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rational and specific synthesis of the required organic macrocycles to bind the size-matched targeted guests without undesired macrocyclic byproducts remains a great challenge. Herein, based on a new naphthalimide...
Collapse
|
6
|
Agnes M, Arabi A, Caricato M, Nitti A, Dondi D, Yannakopoulou K, Patrini M, Pasini D. Helical Nanofibers Formed by Palladium-Mediated Assembly of Organic Homochiral Macrocycles Containing Binaphthyl and Pyridyl Units. Chempluschem 2021; 86:270-274. [PMID: 33565730 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of homochiral macrocycles, in which molecular rigidity, combined with the presence of multiple functional groups, allow for the assembly of helical nanostructures. 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (Binol) units are used as robust chirality inducers, and pyridyl units embedded within the molecular frameworks allow the assembly, upon coordination with Pd(II) metal ions, of the macrocyclic building blocks. CD and NMR spectroscopies show the formation of ordered 1D assembly in solution. AFM studies indicate that the molecular systems are capable of forming nanoscale structures. The effective transfer of chiral information results in helical nanofibers, with lengths ranging from a few hundreds of nanometers to some micrometers. AFM line profiles reveal a helical longitudinal period of about 50 nm and a transverse width of 25 to 45 nm after deconvolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Agnes
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Ameneh Arabi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Maddalena Patrini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gataullin RR. New Syntheses and Properties of Some Axial and Helical Isomers of Organic Compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801909001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Yang F, Liu C, Yin D, Xu Y, Wu M, Wei W. Atropisomer-based construction of macrocyclic hosts that selectively recognize tryptophan from standard amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14335-14338. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A syn-atropisomer precursor was employed to construct trapezoid-shape macrocycles, which can selectively recognize tryptophan from 20 standard amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Laboratory of Cluster Science
| | - Caiping Liu
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Mater
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Mingyan Wu
- State Key Lab of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Mater
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rushton GT, Vik EC, Burns WG, Rasberry RD, Shimizu KD. Guest control of a hydrogen bond-catalysed molecular rotor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12469-12472. [PMID: 29105705 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the control of a molecular rotor using hydrogen bonding guests is demonstrated. With a properly positioned phenol substituent, the N-arylimide rotors can form an intramolecular hydrogen bond that catalyses the rotational isomerization process. The addition of the guests disrupts the hydrogen bond and raises the rotational barrier, slowing the rotation by two orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Rushton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caricato M, Delforge A, Bonifazi D, Dondi D, Mazzanti A, Pasini D. Chiral nanostructuring of multivalent macrocycles in solution and on surfaces. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3593-601. [PMID: 25621466 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design and synthesis of a novel functionality-rich, homochiral macrocycle, possessing the overall molecular D2 symmetry, in which multivalency is introduced into the covalent framework by means of four suitably positioned pyridine moieties. The macrocycle synthesis is carried out with functionalized, enantiopure 1,1'-binaphthyl synthons as the source of chirality by means of a room temperature esterification reaction as the cyclization procedure. Upon addition of Pd(2+), coordination of the pyridine moieties occurs both intra and intermolecularly, to afford chiral ordered mono and dimeric macrocycles or multimeric aggregates depending on the solvents and conditions used. The metal binding event takes place in combination with a significant macrocyclic conformational rearrangement detected by circular dichroism spectroscopy. When in combination with a third component (C60), the macrocycle-Pd(2+) hybrid undergoes surface-confined nanostructuring into chiral nanofibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumarasamy E, Raghunathan R, Sibi MP, Sivaguru J. Nonbiaryl and Heterobiaryl Atropisomers: Molecular Templates with Promise for Atropselective Chemical Transformations. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11239-300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Ramya Raghunathan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - J. Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coluccini C, Caricato M, Cariati E, Righetto S, Forni A, Pasini D. Synthesis, chiroptical and SHG properties of polarizable push–pull dyes built on π-extended binaphthyls. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel binaphthyl push–pull dyes extend their π-bridge and incorporate as acceptors pyridine units, useful for further supramolecular polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Elena Cariati
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano
- UdR dell'INSTM
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISTM-CNR)
| | - Stefania Righetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano
- UdR dell'INSTM
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISTM-CNR)
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- UdR dell'INSTM
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
- INSTM Research Unit
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deutman ABC, Woltinge T, Smits JMM, De Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Thermodynamics and kinetics of guest-induced switching between "basket handle" porphyrin isomers. Molecules 2014; 19:5278-300. [PMID: 24762966 PMCID: PMC6271905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and switching properties of two “basket handle” porphyrin isomers is described. The cis-oriented meso-phenyl groups of these porphyrins are linked at their ortho-positons via benzocrown-ether-based spacers, which as a result of slow atropisomerization are located either on the same side of the porphyrin plane (cis), or on opposite sides (trans). In solution, the cis-linked isomer slowly isomerizes in the direction of the thermodynamically more stable trans-isomer. In the presence of viologen (N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) derivatives, which have different affinities for the two isomers, the isomerization equilibrium could be significantly influenced. In addition, the presence of these guests was found to enhance the rate of the switching process, which was suggested to be caused by favorable interactions between the positively charged guest and the crown ethers of the receptor, stabilizing the transition state energies of the isomerization reaction between the two isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B C Deutman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Woltinge
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M M Smits
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - René De Gelder
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tripathy D, Sahoo HS, Ramkumar V, Chand DK. Palladium(ii) induced complete conformational enrichment of the syn isomer of N,N′-bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
16
|
Chong YS, Dial BE, Burns WG, Shimizu KD. Covalent locking and unlocking of an atropisomeric molecular switch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1296-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Kim KH, Ju RR, Kim HJ, Jun MJ, Kim KM. Conformational Switching on Platinum(II) Coordination Plane Triggered by Oxalate Anion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.9.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Chong Y, Carroll W, Burns W, Smith M, Shimizu K. A High-Barrier Molecular Balance for Studying Face-to-Face Arene-Arene Interactions in the Solid State and in Solution. Chemistry 2009; 15:9117-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Lavin JM, Shimizu KD. Solvent Programmable Polymers Based on Restricted Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12062-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904234w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yagang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Judith M. Lavin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gabutti S, Schaffner S, Neuburger M, Fischer M, Schäfer G, Mayor M. Planar chiral asymmetric naphthalenediimide cyclophanes: synthesis, characterization and tunable FRET properties. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3222-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b905945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Rasberry RD, Shimizu KD. Molecular playdough: conformationally programmable molecular receptors based on restricted rotation. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3899-905. [DOI: 10.1039/b909567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Kay ER, Leigh DA, Zerbetto F. Synthetic molecular motors and mechanical machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:72-191. [PMID: 17133632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2049] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of controlled molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular-level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular-level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euan R Kay
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chin J, Chong YS, Bobb R, Studnicki L, Hong JI. Imprinting and locking chiral memory for stereoselective catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:120-2. [PMID: 17180219 DOI: 10.1039/b611709k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A salen ligand based Co(III) complex +/- with imprintable chiral memory was locked-in and used for stereoselective catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jik Chin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kay E, Leigh D, Zerbetto F. Synthetische molekulare Motoren und mechanische Maschinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Degenhardt CF, Lavin JM, Smith MD, Shimizu KD. Conformationally Imprinted Receptors: Atropisomers with “Write”, “Save”, and “Erase” Recognition Properties. Org Lett 2005; 7:4079-81. [PMID: 16146356 DOI: 10.1021/ol051325t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An atropisomeric receptor with "write", "save", and "erase" recognition properties is presented. The receptor adopts a complementary conformation when heating in the presence of an ethyl adenine-9-acetate guest molecule. This complementary hydrogen bonding conformation is "saved" upon cooling to room temperature due to the reestablishment of restricted rotation and is stable even upon removal of the guest. Finally, the atropisomeric receptor can be "erased" by heating in the absence of the guest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Degenhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kawai H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Tsuji T, Suzuki T. Multipoint Recognition of Catecholamines by Hydrindacene-Based Receptors Accompanied by the Complexation-Induced Conformational Switching. Chemistry 2005; 11:815-24. [PMID: 15609375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition of catecholamines by hydrindacene-based receptors 1 and 2, as well as the durene-based receptor 3, and the guest-induced conformational changes are reported. These receptors selectively bind adrenaline and dopamine salts through the guests' ammonium group and 3-hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring. In the case of adrenaline, an additional hydrogen bond with a benzylic hydroxyl group is formed. In 2 % CD3CN/CDCl3, the association constants are of the order of 10(4) M(-1), which is much larger than with guests without the 3-hydroxyl groups (10(3) M(-1)). The two amide groups of receptor 1 can rotate freely around the C(aromatic)--C(amide) bond, whereas the tert-amide in 2 changes between two stable conformations at a slow enough rate to allow detection by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. In the absence of a guest molecule, the syn-conformer is less stable than the anti-conformer. On complex formation with adrenaline, the syn-conformer becomes dominant due to an intramolecular dipole-reversal effect in addition to multipoint hydrogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Kawai
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trans-spanning acetylenic bispyridine ligands: synthesis and structural characterization of novel organic and organometallic pseudodehydroannulenes. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
28
|
Gawroński J, Kacprzak K. Architecture and function of atropisomeric molecular triads. Chirality 2002; 14:689-702. [PMID: 12237827 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular triads, B-A-B, in which the central unit A is aromatic or heteroaromatic, can exist as syn or anti conformers or atropisomers of correspondingly C or S shape. These stereoisomers are either discrete conformer species, often distinguished by NMR spectroscopy, or can be separated at ambient temperature as stable atropisomers. In the latter case syn and anti stereoisomers exhibit different (e.g., complex-forming) properties. Practical applications of atropisomeric triads as ligands in asymmetric dihydroxylation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gawroński
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Degenhardt CF, Smith MD, Shimizu KD. A chiral 28-membered macrocycle with symmetry and structure similar to that of trans-cyclooctene. Org Lett 2002; 4:723-6. [PMID: 11869111 DOI: 10.1021/ol0172119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A bridged N,N-di(aryl)-1,2,4,5-benzenediimide was synthesized in which restricted rotation led to two diasteriomeric conformations at room temperature. The more stable syn-macrocycle is achiral, whereas the strained anti-macrocycle possesses planar chirality similar to that of trans-cyclooctene. The structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the enantiomers were resolved by chiral chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Degenhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Choi DS, Chong YS, Whitehead D, Shimizu KD. Molecules with shape memory based on restricted rotation. Org Lett 2001; 3:3757-60. [PMID: 11700131 DOI: 10.1021/ol0167098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction--see text] Diimide 1 and octaimide 2 both adopt two stable conformations at room temperature as a result of restricted rotation about two C(aryl)-N(imide) single bonds, a compact "folded" and an open "unfolded" structure. Predictable ratios of folded and unfolded rotamers can be achieved by heating in solvents of appropriate polarity as measured by the Reichardt's parameter (E(T30)). On cooling to room temperature, the resulting conformational changes are "locked in" as restricted rotation is reestablished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|