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Ju YY, Chai L, Li K, Xing JF, Ma XH, Qiu ZL, Zhao XJ, Zhu J, Tan YZ. Helical Trilayer Nanographenes with Tunable Interlayer Overlaps. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2815-2821. [PMID: 36705468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined nanocarbon multilayers, beyond the bilayer structure, is still a challenging goal. Herein, two trilayer nanographenes were synthesized by covalently linking nanographene layers through helicene bridges. The structural characterization of the trilayer nanographenes revealed a compact trilayer-stacked architecture. The introduction of a furan ring into the helicene linker modulates the interlayer overlap and π-conjugation of the trilayer nanographenes, enabling the tuning of the interlayer coupling, as demonstrated by optical, electrochemical, and theoretical analyses. Both synthesized trilayer nanographenes are rigid chiral nanocarbons and show a chirality transfer from the helicene moiety to the stacked nanographene layers. These helical trilayer nanographenes reported here represent the covalently linked multilayer nanographenes rather than bilayer ones, showing the tunable multilayer stacking structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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Lin L, Zhu Q, Rouf AM, Zhu J. Probing the Aromaticity and Stability of Metallatricycles by DFT Calculations: Toward Clar Structure in Organometallic Chemistry. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alvi Muhammad Rouf
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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Rüdiger EC, Koser S, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Yamamoto Coupling for the Synthesis of Benzophenes and Acene-Based Cyclooctatetraenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:9919-9927. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias C. Rüdiger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Silke Koser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- InnovationLab; Speyerer Str. 4 69115 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Wu J, Zhu J. The Clar Structure in Inorganic BN Analogues of Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons: Does it Exist or Not? Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3806-13. [PMID: 26467786 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Clar structure of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) have attracted considerable interest of both theoretical and experimental chemists since it was proposed in the 1950s. However, it remains unclear whether the Clar structure could exist in inorganic PBHs, the boron nitride (BN) analogues where the alternate boron and nitrogen atoms are used to replace the carbon atoms of PBHs. Here, we carry out thorough density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe the possibility of Clar structures in BN analogues of PBHs. A strong correlation (r(2) =0.975) between the ring number (n=3-10) of BN analogues of [n]acenes and energy differences between the most and least stable isomers is identified, suggesting the existence of Clar structures in inorganic PBHs. In addition, the slightly weaker correlations in comparison to that (r(2) =0.989) of the organic PBHs is rationalized by the reduced aromaticity, which is revealed by two aromatic indices: ELFπ and SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.
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Pho TV, Yuen JD, Kurzman JA, Smith BG, Miao M, Walker WT, Seshadri R, Wudl F. N-Alkyldinaphthocarbazoles, Azaheptacenes, for Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18185-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3082582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesley T. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Liu Y, Chen X, Lv Y, Chen S, W. Y. Lam J, Mahtab F, Kwok HS, Tao X, Tang BZ. Systemic Studies of Tetraphenylethene-Triphenylamine Oligomers and a Polymer: Achieving Both Efficient Solid-State Emissions and Hole-Transporting Capability. Chemistry 2012; 18:9929-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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On the Importance of Clar Structures of Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons as Revealed by the π-Contribution to the Electron Localization Function. Symmetry (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/sym2031653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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First friedel-crafts diacylation of a phenanthrene as the basis for an efficient synthesis of nonracemic. J Org Chem 2000; 65:7602-8. [PMID: 11076621 DOI: 10.1021/jo001055m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reported are the first examples of Friedel-Crafts reactions used to prepare 3,6-diacylphenanthrenes. 9,10-Dimethoxyphenanthrene gives its 3,6-diacetyl derivative in good yield and in large amounts. The ketone's triisopropylsilyl enol ether when combined with 1, 4-benzoquinone forms a [7]helicenebisquinone. This bisquinone's reduction product, a bishydroquinone, when combined with methanolic HCl gives the [7]helicene whose peripheral side chains are all methoxyls but whose interior hydroxyls remain. The diastereomeric (1S)-(-)-camphanates can be separated by crystallization. Their structures, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, demonstrate that the camphanates' lactone functions point away from the ring system when the helicene has the (P) configuration and toward it when the helicene has the (M) configuration. This is because the camphanates' O=C-C-O dihedral angles are, as expected, close to 0 degrees in the former and close to 180 degrees in the latter. Other derivatives of 3,6-diacetylphenanthrene and of [7]helicenebisquinone are prepared, and the crystal structure of one of the latter is analyzed.
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The non-existence of a threefold aromatic conjugation in linear benzologues of triphenylene (starphenes). Tetrahedron 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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