1
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Okamoto H, Sogabe A, Honda S. Synergetic binary organocatalyzed ring opening polymerization for the precision synthesis of polysiloxanes. Commun Chem 2024; 7:61. [PMID: 38514873 PMCID: PMC10957864 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a versatile method for synthesizing well-defined polymers with controlled molecular weights, dispersities, and nonlinear macromolecular architectures. Despite spectacular advances in organocatalytic ROP, precision synthesis of polysiloxanes remains challenging due to the mismatch in polarity between highly polar initiators and nonpolar monomers and polymers and the difficulty in suppressing the formation of scrambling products via transetherification reactions during ROP of cyclic siloxanes. Here, we describe a binary organocatalytic ROP (BOROP) of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) employing organic bases as catalysts and (thio)ureas as cocatalysts. The BOROP of D3 using triazabicyclodecene (TBD) and (thio)ureas generates polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) with narrow dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.1). Despite the similar basicities of TBD and 1,8-bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (TMGN), which is known as a proton sponge, a unitary organocatalytic system using TMGN was inactive for the ROP of D3. When the TMGN was paired with acidic urea, the BOROP of D3 yielded PDMSs with narrow dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.1). Data suggest that the synergetic effect of TMGN and urea is results in an unprecedented activation-deactivation equilibrium between dormant and propagating species. The benefits of the present BOROP system are demonstrated by the formation of PDMS elastomers with more uniform network structures that are highly stretchy and have excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okamoto
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co. Ltd, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sogabe
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co. Ltd, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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3
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Rajendran NM, Lu Q, Bouffard J. A Facile Preparation of N-Heterocyclic Olefins: Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone and Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303358. [PMID: 38109087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and their mesoionic congeners (mNHOs) from N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-aziridinylimines is reported. The reaction provided diverse functionalized (m)NHOs and π-extended analogues. The prepared NHOs initiated the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, and insertion of aldehyde and nitrile into an NHO-B(C6 F5 )3 adduct was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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4
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Sachdeva G, Bamal Y, Ladan A, Tiwari OS, Rawat V, Yadav P, Verma VP. Calixarene-Metal Complexes in Lactide Polymerization: The Story so Far. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13479-13491. [PMID: 37091416 PMCID: PMC10116533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide synthetic procedures have lately gained attention, possibly due to their biocompatibility and the environmental problems associated with fossil-fuel-based polymers. Polylactides can be obtained from natural sources such as cassava, corn, and sugar beet, and polylactides can be manufactured in a laboratory using a variety of processes that begin with lactic acid or lactide. One of the most effective synthetic pathways is through a Lewis acid catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactides to obtain a well-defined polymer. In this regard, calixarenes, because of their easy functionalization and tunable properties, have been widely considered to be a suitable 3D molecular scaffold for new metal complexes that can be used for lactide polymerization. This review summarizes the progress made in applying some metal-calixarene complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sachdeva
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Yogita Bamal
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Ankit Ladan
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Om Shanker Tiwari
- The
Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Varun Rawat
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
- Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Email for V.R.:
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, India
- Email for V.P.V.:
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5
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Quinn EC, Westlie AH, Sangroniz A, Caputo MR, Xu S, Zhang Z, Urgun-Demirtas M, Müller AJ, Chen EYX. Installing Controlled Stereo-Defects Yields Semicrystalline and Biodegradable Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) with High Toughness and Optical Clarity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5795-5802. [PMID: 36867587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Stereo-defects present in stereo-regular polymers often diminish thermal and mechanical properties, and hence suppressing or eliminating them is a major aspirational goal for achieving polymers with optimal or enhanced properties. Here, we accomplish the opposite by introducing controlled stereo-defects to semicrystalline biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), which offers an attractive biodegradable alternative to semicrystalline isotactic polypropylene but is brittle and opaque. We enhance the specific properties and mechanical performance of P3HB by drastically toughening it and also rendering it with the desired optical clarity while maintaining its biodegradability and crystallinity. This toughening strategy of stereo-microstructural engineering without changing the chemical compositions also departs from the conventional approach of toughening P3HB through copolymerization that increases chemical complexity, suppresses crystallization in the resulting copolymers, and is thus undesirable in the context of polymer recycling and performance. More specifically, syndio-rich P3HB (sr-P3HB), readily synthesized from the eight-membered meso-dimethyl diolide, has a unique set of stereo-microstructures comprising enriched syndiotactic [rr] and no isotactic [mm] triads but abundant stereo-defects randomly distributed along the chain. This sr-P3HB material is characterized by high toughness (UT = 96 MJ/m3) as a result of its high elongation at break (>400%) and tensile strength (34 MPa), crystallinity (Tm = 114 °C), optical clarity (due to its submicron spherulites), and good barrier properties, while it still biodegrades in freshwater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Andrea H Westlie
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ainara Sangroniz
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States.,POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Shu Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | | | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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6
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Xu Y, Wang L, Chen C, Huang P, Dai H, Jiang W, Zhou Y. Living Cationic Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by a Metal-free Lewis Acid of Trityl Tetrafluoroborate. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yupo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Chuanshuang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Pei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Haojie Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Wenfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200240, China
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7
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Shawver NM, Doerr AM, Long BK. A perspective on
redox‐switchable ring‐opening
polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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8
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Westlie AH, Quinn EC, Parker CR, Chen EYX. Synthetic biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Recent advances and future challenges. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Akkravijitkul N, Cheechana N, Rithchumpon P, Junpirom T, Limwanich W, Nalampang K, Thavornyutikarn P, Punyodom W, Meepowpan P. Scalable and Room-Temperature Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Active Lithium Tetramethylene-Tethered Bis[ N-( N'-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)] N-Heterocyclic Carbene as a Lewis Acid Organocatalyst. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12052-12064. [PMID: 36073019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid organocatalytic system of lithium tetramethylene-tethered bis[N-(N'-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)] N-heterocyclic carbene (1,4-bisNHC) including lithium benzyloxide and benzyl alcohol has been successfully utilized in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) for the first time. The catalytic performance of this organic catalyst in the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polymers was investigated via bulk polymerization using different combinations of tetramethylene-tethered bis[N-(N'-butylimidazolium)] hexafluorophosphate (1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]), benzyl alcohol (BnOH), and n-butyl lithium (nBuLi) ([1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]]/[BnOH]/[nBuLi]) with the molar ratios of 0:2:2, 1:1:3, 1:2:3, and 1:2:4. The results showed that the molar ratio of 1:2:3 efficiently and rapidly initiated the bulk ROP of CL at room temperature with a high molar ratio of CL to 1,4-bis[Bim][PF6] of 3000/1 and produced the highest number of average-molecular-weight (Mn) poly(ε-caprolactone) (103,057 g mol-1) with the dispersity (D̵) and %conversion of 1.73 and 98% in a short period of time (152 s). From comparative studies, the relative polymerization rates of the bulk ROP of CL with different [1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]]/[BnOH]/[nBuLi] molar ratios was determined in the following order: 1:2:4 > 1:1:3 > 1:2:3 > 0:2:2. For mechanistic investigation, the bulk ROP mechanism of CL with our organic catalyst was proposed through the intramolecular bis-lithium-carbene interaction pathway for 1,4-bisNHC1,1,3, 1,4-bisNHC1,2,3, and 1,4-bisNHC1,2,4 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapol Akkravijitkul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nathaporn Cheechana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puracheth Rithchumpon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thiti Junpirom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanich Limwanich
- Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Kanarat Nalampang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Praput Thavornyutikarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puttinan Meepowpan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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10
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Maisha N, Kulkarni C, Pandala N, Zilberberg R, Schaub L, Neidert L, Glaser J, Cannon J, Janeja V, Lavik EB. PEGylated Polyester Nanoparticles Trigger Adverse Events in a Large Animal Model of Trauma and in Naı̈ve Animals: Understanding Cytokine and Cellular Correlations with These Events. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10566-10580. [PMID: 35822898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravenously infusible nanoparticles to control bleeding have shown promise in rodents, but translation into preclinical models has been challenging as many of these nanoparticle approaches have resulted in infusion responses and adverse outcomes in large animal trauma models. We developed a hemostatic nanoparticle technology that was screened to avoid one component of the infusion response: complement activation. We administered these hemostatic nanoparticles, control nanoparticles, or saline volume controls in a porcine polytrauma model. While the hemostatic nanoparticles promoted clotting as marked by a decrease in prothrombin time and both the hemostatic nanoparticles and controls did not active complement, in a subset of the animals, hard thrombi were found in uninjured tissues in both the hemostatic and control nanoparticle groups. Using data science methods that allow one to work across heterogeneous data sets, we found that the presence of these thrombi correlated with changes in IL-6, INF-alpha, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. While these findings might suggest that this formulation would not be a safe one for translation for trauma, they provide guidance for developing screening tools to make nanoparticle formulations in the complex milieux of trauma as well as for therapeutic interventions more broadly. This is important as we look to translate intravenously administered nanoparticle formulations for therapies, particularly considering the vascular changes seen in a subset of patients following COVID-19. We need to understand adverse events like thrombi more completely and screen for these events early to make nanomaterials as safe and effective as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leasha Schaub
- Naval Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78234, United States
| | - Leslie Neidert
- Naval Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78234, United States
| | - Jacob Glaser
- Naval Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78234, United States
| | - Jeremy Cannon
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Ring-opening Polymerization of 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one and the Influence of Stereochemistry on the Thermal Properties of the Polyesters. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Zhen G, Jiang K, Yin B. Progress in Organocatalytic Dearomatization Reactions Catalyzed by Heterocyclic Carbenes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Zhen
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Jiang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Biaolin Yin
- South China University of Technology Dept. of Chenistry and chemical engineering Wushan Street 510640 Guangzhou CHINA
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13
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Metal-free, in bulk synthesis of highly hydrophilic polyester bearing pyrrolidone pendants and its diblock copolymers with UCST-type phase transition in water. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Cheng Y, Kuboyama K, Akasaka S, Araki T, Masai E, Nakamura M, Michinobu T. Polyurethanes based on lignin-derived metabolic intermediate with strong adhesion to metals. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes based on lignin-derived 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) were successfully synthesized in one-pot, and their thermal, mechanical, and adhesive properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kuboyama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shuichi Akasaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takuma Araki
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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15
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Nylund PVS, Monney B, Weder C, Albrecht M. N-Heterocyclic carbene iron complexes catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:996-1004. [PMID: 35222940 PMCID: PMC8819372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), PLA, which holds great promise as a biodegradable substitute of fossil resource-derived polyolefins, is industrially produced by the ring-opening polymerization of lactide using a potentially harmful tin catalyst. Based on mechanistic insights into the reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron complexes with carbonyl substrates, we surmised and demonstrate here that such complexes are excellent catalysts for the bulk polymerization of lactide. We show that an iron complex with a triazolylidene NHC ligand is active at lactide/catalyst ratios of up to 10 000 : 1, produces polylactide with relatively high number-average molecular weights (up to 50 kg mol−1) and relatively narrow dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.6), and features an apparent polymerization rate constant kapp of up to 8.5 × 10−3 s−1, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the industrially used tin catalyst. Kinetic studies and end-group analyses support that the catalytically active species is well defined and that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination–insertion mechanism. The robustness of the catalyst allows technical grade lactide to be polymerized, thus offering ample potential for application on larger scale in an industrially relevant setting. Iron(ii) complexes containing a mesoionic triazolylidene ligand are highly efficient catalyst precursors for the ring opening polymerization of lactide to poly(lactic acid), surpassing other iron complexes and also industrially utilized Sn(oct)2.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V. S. Nylund
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Monney
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Li Y, Xu S, Ling J, Pan K, Liu Y, Chen Y. Diphenyl phosphate/ethyl diphenylphosphinite as an efficient organocatalytic system for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel controlled/living ROP method of ε-CL and δ-VL using ethyl diphenylphosphinite/diphenyl phosphate (EDPP/DPP) organocatalytic system was revealed, which involves the activated monomer mechanism and the reversible chain end deactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Songyi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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17
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Zhang B, Yang G, Guo D, Wang J. Recent developments on NHC-driven dual catalytic approaches. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article takes an in depth look at the early relay combination of NHC and other catalysts, and the latest progress in dual catalysis, analyzing the breakthroughs and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gongming Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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18
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Mete Y, Knaack P, Liska R. A systematic study of temperature‐dependent cationic photopolymerization of cyclic esters. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazgan Mete
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Knaack
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien Vienna Austria
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19
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Soeta T, Kaneta K, Hatanaka Y, Ida T, Ukaji Y. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Chemoselective Monoacylation of 1, n-Linear Diols. Org Lett 2021; 23:8138-8142. [PMID: 34652927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed redox monoacylation of 1,n-linear diols using α-benzoyloxyaldehydes. The reactions afforded monoacylated diols in moderate to good selectivities and chemical yields. Our original NHC bearing a pyridine moiety plays an important role in achieving good chemoselectivities. A wide range of 1,n-linear diols were successfully applied to this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kota Kaneta
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hatanaka
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ida
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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20
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Bernat R, Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Biela T, Golba S, Kamińska E, Paluch M, Kamiński K. High pressure as a novel tool for the cationic ROP of γ-butyrolactone. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34806-34819. [PMID: 35494728 PMCID: PMC9042710 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the acid-catalyzed and high pressure assisted ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-butyrolactone (GBL). The use of a dually-catalyzed approach combining an external physical factor and internal catalyst (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) or p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA)) enforced ROP of GBL, which is considered as hardly polymerizable monomer still remaining a challenge for the modern polymer chemistry. The experiments performed at various thermodynamic conditions (T = 278–323 K and p = 700–1500 MPa) clearly showed that the high pressure supported polymerization process led to obtaining well-defined macromolecules of better parameters (Mn = 2200–9700 g mol−1; Đ = 1.05–1.46) than those previously reported. Furthermore, the parabolic-like dependence of both the molecular weight (MW) and the yield of obtained polymers on variation in temperature and pressure at either isobaric or isothermal conditions was also noticed, allowing the determination of optimal conditions for the polymerization process. However, most importantly, this strategy allowed to significantly reduce the reaction time (just 3 h at room temperature) and increase the yield of obtained polymers (up to 0.62 gPGBL/gGBL). Moreover, despite using a strongly acidic catalyst, synthesized polymers remained non-toxic and biocompatible, as proven by the cytotoxicity test we performed in further analysis. Additional investigation (including MALDI-TOF measurements) showed that the catalyst selection affected not only MW and yield but also the linear/cyclic form content in obtained macromolecules. These findings show the way to tune the properties of PGBL and obtain polymer suitable for application in the biomedical industry. Well-defined poly(γ-butyrolactone) was synthesized with great efficiency via high pressure assisted cationic ROP of hardly polimerizable γ-butyrolactone.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Bernat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland.,Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Paulina Maksym
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lódź Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
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21
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Maisha N, Naik N, Okesola M, Coombs T, Zilberberg R, Pandala N, Lavik E. Engineering PEGylated Polyester Nanoparticles to Reduce Complement-Mediated Infusion Reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2154-2166. [PMID: 34499487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Translation of intravenously administered nanomaterials to the clinic is limited due to adverse infusion reactions. While these reactions are infrequent, with up to 10% prone to experiencing infusion reactions, the reactions can be severe and life-threatening. One of the innate immune pathways, the complement activation pathway, plays a significant role in mediating this response. Nanoparticle surface properties are a relevant design feature, as they control the blood proteins the nanoparticles interact with and allow the nanoparticles to evade the immune reaction. PEGylation of nanosurfaces is critical in improving the blood circulation of nanoparticles and reducing opsonization. Our goal was to understand whether modifying the surface architecture by varying the PEG density and architecture can impact the complement response in vitro. We utilized block copolymers of poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) prepared with poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiators of molecular weights 3400 and 5000 Da. Tracking the complement biomarker C5a, we monitored the impact of changing PEGylation of the nanoparticles. We also investigated how the changing PEG length on the nanoparticle surface impacts further strengthening the stealth properties. Lastly, we determined which cytokines change upon blood incubation with nanoparticles in vitro to understand the extent to which inflammation may occur and the crosstalk between the complement and immune responses. Increasing PEGylation reduced the generation of complement-mediated anaphylatoxin C5a in vitro, with 5000 Da PEG more effectively reducing levels of C5a generated compared to 3400 Da PEG. The insights gathered regarding the impact of PEG density and PEG chain length would be critical in developing stealth nanoparticles that do not lead to infusion reactions upon intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Maisha
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Nidhi Naik
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Mawuyon Okesola
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Tobias Coombs
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Rose Zilberberg
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Narendra Pandala
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Piscataway Territories 21250, United States
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22
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Diniz Lessa M, Fajardo JRD, Delarmelina M, Carneiro JWDM. A DFT study on the mechanism for polymerization of δ-valerolactone initiated by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Bernat R, Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Koperwas K, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Dzienia A, Biela T, Turczyn R, Orszulak L, Hachuła B, Paluch M, Kamiński K. The effect of high-pressure on organocatalyzed ROP of γ-butyrolactone. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Chan YC, Bai Y, Chen WC, Chen HY, Li CY, Wu YY, Tseng MC, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen HY, Ong TG. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair-Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19949-19956. [PMID: 34128303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbodicarbene (CDC), unique carbenic entities bearing two lone pairs of electrons are well-known for their strong Lewis basicity. We demonstrate herein, upon introducing a weak Brønsted acid benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as a co-modulator, CDC is remolded into a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-like reactivity. DFT calculation and experimental evidence show BnOH loosely interacting with the binding pocket of CDC via H-bonding and π-π stacking. Four distinct reactions in nature were deployed to demonstrate the viability of proof-of-concept as synergistic FLP/Modulator (CDC/BnOH), demonstrating enhanced catalytic reactivity in cyclotrimerization of isocyanate, polymerization process for L-lactide (LA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and dehydrosilylation of alcohols. Importantly, the catalytic reactivity of carbodicarbene is uniquely distinct from conventional NHC which relies on only single chemical feature of nucleophilicity. This finding also provides a new spin in diversifying FLP reactivity with co-modulator or co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicinal Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Chan Y, Bai Y, Chen W, Chen H, Li C, Wu Y, Tseng M, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen H, Ong T. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan, R.O.C
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing‐Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying‐Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei‐Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Hsuan‐Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow‐Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Nomura T, Ryukan M, Matsuoka SI, Suzuki M. Cooligomerization of γ-butyrolactone with (meth)acrylates catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene: Low possibility of hybrid copolymerization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Yang L, Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Wu GP. Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone Via Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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28
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Liu Y, Wu J, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities of Poly(γ-butyrolactone)-Based Recyclable Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:284-296. [PMID: 35570792 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and prosperous growth of synthetic polymers have presented both significant advantages and daunting challenges in the last century. To address the issues of environmental pollution and fossil consumption, recyclable, degradable, and/or biobased polymers have been given much attention in the polymer science community. This viewpoint focuses on the emerging fully chemical recyclable poly(γ-butyrolactone)-based polymers. The breakthrough from nonpolymerizable to efficient polymerization is highlighted by the benefits of the development of a series of catalysis for ring-opening polymerization of γ-butyrolactone. Subsequently, the design of γ-butyrolactone derivatives and synthesis of more recyclable polymers are summarized together with the discussions about the structure and property relationship. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities are suggested in order to provide insights into the further direction for sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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29
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Ji M, Wu M, Han J, Zhang F, Peng H, Guo L. Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Ring-opening Polymerization. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200917151344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As compared with widely used polyolefin materials, aliphatic polyesters have
been primarily used in electronics, packaging, and biomedicine owing to its unique biocompatibility
and degradability. At present, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactone is the
main method to synthesize polyesters. Two types of catalysts, including metal-based catalysts
and organocatalysts, were most researched today. However, metal-based catalysts lead
to polymer materials with metal residues, which limits its properties and applications. As a
result, organocatalysts have received great attention. In this review, the progress of organocatalytic
ring-opening polymerization in the past decades was systematically summarized.
The potential challenges and development directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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30
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Balint A, Naumann S. A comparison of zwitterionic and anionic mechanisms in the dual-catalytic polymerization of lactide. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two different polymerization mechanisms for lactide are selectivity addressed to illuminate the respective role of organobase and Lewis acid component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Balint
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jiang Y, Hu S, Li J, Liao S. Visible light-regulated organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of lactones by harnessing excited state acidity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed using PyOH as a photocatalyst under visible light mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Junfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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32
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Diaz C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments can be prepared in one-pot through sequential or simultaneous addition of monomers. This review highlights the state of the art in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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33
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Ryzhakov D, Printz G, Jacques B, Messaoudi S, Dumas F, Dagorne S, Le Bideau F. Organo-catalyzed/initiated ring opening co-polymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides: an emerging story. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with recent organo-catalyzed/initiated developments of co-polymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides to access polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaël Printz
- Institut de Chimie
- CNRS – Strasbourg University
- Strasbourg
- France
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie
- CNRS – Strasbourg University
- Strasbourg
- France
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34
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Esser L, Macchieraldo R, Elfgen R, Sieland M, Smarsly BM, Kirchner B. TiCl 4 Dissolved in Ionic Liquid Mixtures from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010079. [PMID: 33375378 PMCID: PMC7795733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of the TiCl4 solvation effects in multi-component ionic liquids, we performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [C4C1Im]+, tetrafluoroborate [BF4]−, chloride [Cl]− both with and without water and titanium tetrachloride TiCl4. Complex interactions between cations and anions are observed in all investigated systems. By further addition of water and TiCl4 this complex interaction network is extended. Observations of the radial distribution functions and number integrals show that water and TiCl4 not only compete with each other to interact mainly with [Cl]−, which strongly influences the cation-[BF4]− interaction, but also interact with each other, which leads to the fact that in certain systems the cation-anion interaction is enhanced. Further investigations of the Voronoi polyhedra analysis have demonstrated that water has a greater impact on the nanosegregated system than TiCl4 which is also due to the fact of the shear amount of water relative to all other components and its higher mobility compared to TiCl4. Overall, the polar network of the IL mixture collapses by including water and TiCl4. In the case of [Cl]− chloride enters the water continuum, while [BF4]− remains largely unaffected, which deeply affects the interaction of the ionic liquid (IL) network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Esser
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberto Macchieraldo
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Roman Elfgen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Melanie Sieland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Bernd Michael Smarsly
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Limwanich W, Meepowpan P, Sriyai M, Chaiwon T, Punyodom W. Eco-friendly synthesis of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) using L-lactic and glycolic acids as organic initiator. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Zhao W, Lv Y, Li J, Feng Z, Ni Y, Hadjichristidis N. A Synthetic Method for Site‐Specific Functionalized Polypeptides: Metal‐Free, Highly Active, and Selective at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:889-895. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Feng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick, Fredericton New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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37
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Zhao W, Lv Y, Li J, Feng Z, Ni Y, Hadjichristidis N. A Synthetic Method for Site‐Specific Functionalized Polypeptides: Metal‐Free, Highly Active, and Selective at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Feng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick, Fredericton New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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38
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Meimoun J, Favrelle-Huret A, Bria M, Merle N, Stoclet G, De Winter J, Mincheva R, Raquez JM, Zinck P. Epimerization and chain scission of polylactides in the presence of an organic base, TBD. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Schäfer PM, Herres-Pawlis S. Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1044-1052. [PMID: 32449840 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio-based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2 ). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant (kapp ) and rate constant of propagation (kp ), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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40
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Biodegradable diblock copolymeric PEG-PCL nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and applications as anticancer drug delivery agents. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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New N-heterocyclic plumbylenes (NHPbs) and their complexes with palladium and platinum by DFT. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivity of NHC-catalyzed reaction of aldehyde and butadienoate. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Feng R, Jie S, Braunstein P, Li B. Gradient copolymers of
ε‐caprolactone
and
δ‐valerolactone
via solvent‐free ring‐opening copolymerization with a pyridyl‐urea/
MTBD
system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Suyun Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Strasbourg France
| | - Bo‐Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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44
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Lee DJ, Choi WH, Kim M, Kim CK, Lee IM. Copolymerization of Functional Norbornenes Catalyzed by Pd Complexes: Is it Living? B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Lee
- Department of ChemistryInha University 100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐gu, Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Won Ho Choi
- Department of ChemistryInha University 100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐gu, Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of ChemistryInha University 100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐gu, Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Chan Kyung Kim
- Department of ChemistryInha University 100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐gu, Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Ik Mo Lee
- Department of ChemistryInha University 100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐gu, Incheon 22212 South Korea
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45
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High Molecular‐Weight Cyclic Polyesters from Solvent‐Free Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones with a Pyridyl‐Urea/MTBD. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Abstract
AbstractAt present, Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used biodegradable polyesters. The good properties and its biodegradability make that PLA can replace the fossil fuel derived polymers in different applications. PLA can be synthesized by using different methodologies. Among them, the most widely used forms on an industrial scale are the direct polycondensation of Lactic acid and the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic Lactide. The final properties of the obtained PLA are dependent on the used stereoisomers of the raw materials (Lactic acid and/or Lactide) and the conditions employed to polymerize them. Therefore, the comprehension of the synthetic mechanism of PLA is crucial to control the stereoregularity of PLA, which in turn results in an improvement of the polymer properties. So, distinct mechanisms for the synthesis of PLA by ring-opening polymerization using different catalysts systems (organometallic catalysts, cationic catalyst, organic catalyst, bifunctional catalysts) are examined in this review.
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47
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Wang H, Yao Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Luo Z, Guo T, Gao Y, Zhang L, Guo K. Biocompatible and low-cost pyridinium halides catalysts promoted ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic esters in bulk. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Sau SC, Hota PK, Mandal SK, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Stable abnormal N-heterocyclic carbenes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1233-1252. [PMID: 31998907 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been known as ligands for organometallic complexes since the 1960s, these carbenes did not attract considerable attention until Arduengo et al. reported the isolation of a metal-free imidazol-2-ylidene in 1991. In 2001 Crabtree et al. reported a few complexes featuring an NHC isomer, namely an imidazol-5-ylidene, also termed abnormal NHC (aNHCs). In 2009, it was shown that providing to protect the C-2 position of an imidazolium salt, the deprotonation occurred at the C-5 position, affording imidazol-5-ylidenes that could be isolated. Over the last ten years, stable aNHCs have been used for designing a range of catalysts employing Pd(ii), Cu(i), Ni(ii), Fe(0), Zn(ii), Ag(i), and Au(i/iii) metal based precursors. These catalysts were utilized for different organic transformations such as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, C-H bond activation, dehydrogenative coupling, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction), hydroheteroarylation, hydrosilylation reaction and migratory insertion of carbenes. Main-group metal complexes were also synthesized, including K(i), Al(iii), Zn(ii), Sn(ii), Ge(ii), and Si(ii/iv). Among them, K(i), Al(iii), and Zn(ii) complexes were used for the polymerization of caprolactone and rac-lactide at room temperature. In addition, based on the superior nucleophilicity of aNHCs, relative to that of their nNHCs isomers, they were used for small molecules activation, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydrothiophene and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9BBN). aNHCs have also been shown to be efficient metal-free catalysts for ring opening polymerization of different cyclic esters at room temperature; they are among the most active metal-free catalysts for ε-caprolactone polymerization. Recently, aNHCs successfully accomplished the metal-free catalytic formylation of amides using CO2 and the catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, including atmospheric CO2, into methanol, under ambient conditions. Although other transition metal complexes featuring aNHCs as ligand have been prepared and used in catalysis, this review article summarize the results obtained with the isolated aNHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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49
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Imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) as an efficient organocatalyst for controlled/living ring-opening polymerization of lactones. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Chen T, Tian S, Xie Z, Guo ZX, Xu J, Guo BH. Two new approaches based on dynamic carboxyl–hydroxyl or hydroxyl–carboxyl transformation for high molecular weight poly(butylene maleate). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00863j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of high molecular weight maleic acid-based polyesters via a green approach is of great significance but also a huge challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Sunan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhining Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhao-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Bao-Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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