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Murali M, Berne D, Joly‐Duhamel C, Caillol S, Leclerc E, Manoury E, Ladmiral V, Poli R. Coordination Adaptable Networks: Zirconium(IV) Carboxylates. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202058. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Murali
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPS INPT Université de Toulouse 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | | | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- ICGM Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPS INPT Université de Toulouse 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | | | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPS INPT Université de Toulouse 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
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Kataoka Y, Arakawa K, Ueda H, Yano N, Kawamoto T, Handa M. Experimental and theoretical study of dimer-of-dimers-type tetrarhodium(ii) complexes bridged by 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate linkers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17233-17242. [PMID: 30403241 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dimer-of-dimers-type tetrarhodium complexes, [Rh4(piv)6(BDC)] ([1]; piv = pivalate) and [Rh4(piv)6(F4BDC)] ([2]), in which two paddlewheel-type dirhodium units are linked by 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) and 1,4-tetrafluorobenzenedicarboxylate (F4BDC), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Crystal structure analyses of [1(THF)4] and [2(THF)4], which are crystallized from THF solutions of [1] and [2], respectively, revealed that dihedral angles (φ) between two -CO2 units and phenyl rings of the BDC linker in [1(THF)4] are almost co-planar (φ = 2.8°), whereas those of the F4BDC linker in [2(THF)4] are largely inclined (φ = 78.3°). Density functional theory calculations clarified that (i) their dihedral angles of optimized geometries of [1(THF)4] and [2(THF)4] are almost the same as their experimental geometries, and (ii) the rotation energy barriers of phenyl moieties in [1(THF)4] and [2(THF)4] estimated by potential energy surface analyses are 12.0 and 8.4 kcal mol-1, respectively, indicating that hydrogen bondings are formed between two -CO2 units and four hydrogen atoms of phenyl rings of the BDC linker in [1(THF)4], whereas two -CO2 units and four fluorine groups on the phenyl ring of the F4BDC linker in [2(THF)4] are electrostatically and sterically repulsed. Electrochemical properties and electronic structures of [1(THF)4] and [2(THF)4] are strongly influenced by the electronic states of dicarboxylate linkers, whereas absorption spectra are strongly influenced by the dihedral angles between two -CO2 units and phenyl rings of dicarboxylate linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
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Majumdar M, Saha S, Dutta I, Sinha A, Bera JK. Inter-ligand electronic coupling mediated through a dimetal bridge: dependence on metal ions and ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5660-5669. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The metal–metal bond orbitals and the ancillary ligands influence inter-ligand charge transfer through the dimetal bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sayantani Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Indranil Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Arup Sinha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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Kang MT, Meng M, Tan YN, Cheng T, Liu CY. Tuning the Electronic Coupling and Electron Transfer in Mo2 Donor-Acceptor Systems by Variation of the Bridge Conformation. Chemistry 2016; 22:3115-26. [PMID: 26807909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Assembling two quadruply bonded dimolybdenum units [Mo2 (DAniF)3 ](+) (DAniF=N,N'-di(p-anisyl)formamidinate) with 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate and its thiolated derivatives produced three complexes [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-O2 CC10 H6 CO2 )], [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-OSCC10 H6 COS)], and [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-S2 CC10 H6 CS2 )]. In the X-ray structures, the naphthalene bridge deviates from the plane defined by the two Mo-Mo bond vectors with the torsion angle increasing as the chelating atoms of the bridging ligand vary from O to S. The mixed-valent species exhibit intervalence transition absorption bands with high energy and very low intensity. In comparison with the data for the phenylene analogues, the optically determined electronic coupling matrix elements (Hab =258-345 cm(-1) ) are lowered by a factor of two or more, and the electron-transfer rate constants (ket ≈10(11) s(-1) ) are reduced by about one order of magnitude. These results show that, when the electron-transporting ability of the bridge and electron-donating (electron-accepting) ability of the donor (acceptor) are both variable, the former plays a dominant role in controlling the intramolecular electron transfer. DFT calculations revealed that increasing the torsion angle enlarges the HOMO-LUMO energy gap by elevating the (bridging) ligand-based LUMO energy. Therefore, our experimental results and theoretical analyses verify the superexchange mechanism for electronic coupling and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ting Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ning Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Liu Q, Liu X, Shi C, Zhang Y, Feng X, Cheng ML, Su S, Gu J. A copper-based layered coordination polymer: synthesis, magnetic properties and electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19175-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A layered copper-based coordination polymer ([Cu(hmt)(tfbdc)(H2O)], Cu-LCP) has been synthesized, which shows ferromagnetic interactions between the adjacent copper(ii) ions and an excellent capacitive performance in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Changdong Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Feng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Seng Su
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Jiande Gu
- Drug Design & Discovery Center
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- CAS, Shanghai 201203
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Chisholm MH, Gustafson TL, Turro C. Photophysical properties of MM quadruply bonded complexes supported by carboxylate ligands, MM = Mo2, MoW, or W2. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:529-38. [PMID: 23145921 DOI: 10.1021/ar3002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While chemists have extensively studied the photophysical properties of d(6), d(8), and d(10) transition metal complexes, their early transition metal counterparts have received less attention. Quadruply bonded complexes of molybdenum and tungsten supported by carboxylate ligands have intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions that arise from the electronic coupling of the metal-metal (MM) δ orbital with the CO(2) π-system. This coupling may in turn be linked to an extended π-conjugated organic functional group. The major interaction is akin to the so-called back-bonding in metal carbonyl complexes. By the appropriate selection of MM, its attendant ligands, and the organic group, this absorption can be tuned to span the visible and near IR range, from 400 to 1000 nm. Consequently, these complexes offer potential as photon harvesters for photovoltaic devices and photocatalysis. In this Account, we describe recent studies of dinuclear M(II) containing complexes, where M = Mo or W, and show that there are both parallels and disparities to the monomeric transition metal complexes. These early transition metal complexes have relatively long lived excited state singlets when compared to other transition metal complexes. They also often show unusual dual emission (fluorescence and phosphorescence), with singlet (S(1)) lifetimes that range from 1 to 20 ps, and triplet (T(1)) lifetimes from 3 ns to 200 μs. The fluorescent S(1) states are typically (1)MLCT for both M = Mo and W. These extended singlet lifetimes are uncommon for mononuclear transition metal complexes, which typically have very short lived (1)MLCT states due to rapid femto-second intersystem crossing rates. However, the T(1) states differ. This phosphorescence is MLCT in nature when M = W, while this emission comes from the δδ* state for M = Mo. Through time-resolved femtosecond infrared spectroscopy, we can detect the asymmetric stretch of the CO(2) ligand in both the singlet and triplet δδ* states. Through these analytical methods, we can study how the charge distribution in the singlet and triplet excited states changes over time. In addition, we can detect delocalized or localized examples of MLCT states, which represent class III and I excited state mixed valence in the Robin and Day scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, United States
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, United States
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Chen TH, Popov I, Zenasni O, Daugulis O, Miljanić OŠ. Superhydrophobic perfluorinated metal–organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6846-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wu Y, Yu L, Cheng M, Han W, Wang L, Guo X, Liu Q. Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Properties of Complexes [M(ImH)4(tfbdc)(H2O)] (M=Co, Ni). CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Boyd DA, Fanwick PE, Ren T. New diruthenium complexes formed via modification with 1,1′-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of novel isostructural two-dimensional lanthanide-based coordination polymers with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Boyd DA, Cao Z, Song Y, Wang TW, Fanwick PE, Crutchley RJ, Ren T. Diruthenium compounds bearing equatorial fc-containing ligands: synthesis and electronic structure. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11525-31. [PMID: 21070020 DOI: 10.1021/ic101628z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the synthesis of compounds Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F)(4-n)(O(2)CFc)(n)Cl (n = 1, 3a; 2, 4a), where D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F is N,N'-di(3,5-dichlorophenyl)formamidinate, from the carboxylate exchange reactions between Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F)(4-n)(OAc)(n)Cl and ferrocene carboxylic acid was communicated. Reported herein is the preparation of analogous compounds Ru(2)(DmAniF)(4-n)(O(2)CFc)(n)Cl (n = 1, 3b; 2, 4b), where DmAniF is N,N'-di(3-methoxyphenyl)formamidinate, from Ru(2)(DmAniF)(4-n)(OAc)(n)Cl. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized with various techniques including X-ray structural determinations of 3a and 4a. Voltammetric behaviors of compounds 3 and 4 were investigated, and stepwise one-electron ferrocene oxidations were observed for both compounds 4a and 4b. Spectral analysis of the monocations [4](+) indicated that they are the Robin-Day class II mixed valent [Fc···Fc](+) species. Measurement and fitting of magnetic data (χT) of 4a between 2 and 300 K revealed a typical zero-field splitting of a S = 3/2 center with D = 77 cm(-1), while those of [4a]BF(4) are consistent with the presence of S = 3/2 (Ru(2)) and S = 1/2 (Fc(+)) centers that are weakly coupled (zJ = -0.76 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Low PJ, Brown NJ. Electronic Interactions Between and Through Covalently-Bonded Polymetallic Complexes. J CLUST SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-010-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Electronically Coupled MM Quadruple Bonded Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Cobalt(II), silver(I), and lead(II) tetrabromoterephthalates exhibiting the 1-D linear chain, 2-D CdCl2-type layer, and 3-D penta-nodal mixed-connecting coordination frameworks. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chisholm MH, Singh N. Are tetrathiooxalate and diborinate bridged compounds related to oxalate bridged quadruply bonded compounds of molybdenum? Dalton Trans 2009:5867-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b901734h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chisholm MH, Chou PT, Chou YH, Ghosh Y, Gustafson TL, Ho ML. Preparations and Photophysical Properties of Fused and Nonfused Thienyl Bridged MM (M = Mo or W) Quadruply Bonded Complexes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:3415-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800090n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yagnaseni Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Chisholm MH. Mixed valence complexes involving MM quadruple bonds (M=Mo or W). PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2008; 366:101-12. [PMID: 17846014 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The MM quadruple bond of configuration MM sigma2pi4delta2 is redox active and in many ways ideally suited for studies of mixed valency when two or more such centres are linked by a bridging ligand. In this account, the mechanism of electronic coupling is examined for complexes of the type [L3M2bridgeM2L3]0/+ where L, a pivalate; bridge, a dicarboxylate or related ligand and M, Mo or W. The represented examples allow us to probe electronic factors close to the class II/III border and readily distinguish between electron and hole transfer in the superexchange mechanism. The potential for mixed valence organic radical anions mediated by the M2 centre is also raised and one specific example of class III behaviour is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- The Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Brown DJ, Chisholm MH, Gribble CW. Substitution chemistry of MM quadruply bonded complexes (M = Mo or W) supported by the anion of 2-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine. Dalton Trans 2007:1793-801. [PMID: 17471374 DOI: 10.1039/b618957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compounds M(2)(mhp)(4), where M = Mo or W and mhp is the anion formed from deprotonation of 2-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine, are shown to react with carboxylic acids RCOOH to give an equilibrium mixture of products M(2)(O(2)CR)(n)(mhp)(4-n) where R = 2-thienyl and phenyl. The equilibrium can be moved in favor of M(2)(O(2)CR)(4) by the addition of excess acid or by the favorable crystallization of these products. The latter provides a facile synthesis of the W(2)(O(2)CR)(4) compound where R = 9-anthracene. Reactions involving 2,4,6-triisopropyl benzoic acid, TiPBH, yield M(2)(TiPB)(2)(mhp)(2) compounds as thermodynamic products. Reactions involving Me(3)OBF(4) (1 and 2 equiv.) yield the complexes Mo(2)(mhp)(3)(CH(3)CN)(2)BF(4) and Mo(2)(mhp)(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)(BF(4))(2), respectively. The latter compound has been structurally characterized and shown to have mirror symmetry with two cis mhp ligands: MoMo = 2.1242(5) A, Mo-O = 2.035(2) A, Mo-N(mhp) = 2.161(2) A, and Mo-N(CH(3)CN) = 2.160(3) and 2.170(3) A. Reactions involving Mo(2)(mhp)(3)(CH(3)CN)(2)(2+) and Mo(2)(mhp)(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)(2+) with (n)Bu(4)NO(2)CMe (1 and 2 equiv.) yield the complexes Mo(2)(mhp)(3)(O(2)CMe) and Mo(2)(mhp)(2)(O(2)CMe)(2) which are shown to be kinetically labile to ligand scrambling. Reactions between Mo(2)(mhp)(3)(CH(3)CN)(2)(+)BF(4)(-) (2 equiv.) and [(n)Bu(4)N(+)](2)[O(2)C-X-CO(2)](2-) yielded dimers of dimers [Mo(2)(mhp)(3)](2)(micro-O(2)C-X-CO(2)] where X = nothing, 2,5- or 3,4-thienyl and 1,4-C(6)H(4). Reactions between Mo(2)(mhp)(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)(2+)(BF(4)(-))(2) and tetra-n-butylammonium oxalate and terephthalate yield compounds [Mo(mhp)(2)bridge](n) which by MALDI-TOF MS are proposed to be a mixture of molecular squares (n = 4) and triangles (n = 3) along with minor products of [Mo(2)(mhp)(3)](2)(bridge) and Mo(2)(mhp)(4) that arise from ligand scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th AveColumbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Chisholm MH, Patmore NJ. 2,5-Dianilinoterephthalate bridged MM quadruply bonded complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. Dalton Trans 2007:91-6. [PMID: 17160178 DOI: 10.1039/b607709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From the reactions between 2,5-dianilinoterephthalic acid and M2(O2CBut)4 in toluene the dicarboxylate bridged complexes [(ButCO2)3M2]2{micro-1,4-(CO2)(2)-2,5-(NHPh)2C6H2}, (M=Mo) and (M=W) have been isolated. The compounds are air sensitive, sparingly soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons but appreciably soluble in tetrahydrofuran. Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory on the model compounds [(HCO2)3M2]2{micro-1,4-(CO2)(2)-2,5-(NHPh)2C6H2}, indicate that the ground state structure contains a planar bridge and that for molybdenum the HOMO is a bridge based molecular orbital. However, the compounds show reversible oxidation waves (CV and DPV) that for both M=Mo and W are metal based oxidations. Furthermore, the cations + and + are shown to be valence trapped and fully delocalized respectively. The magnitude of the electronic coupling of the two M2 centers, Hab, can be estimated as 383 cm-1 for + and 1500 cm-1 for + based on the corresponding low energy IVCT or charge resonance bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA.
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Chisholm MH, D'Acchioli JS, Hadad CM, Patmore NJ. Concerning the Electronic Coupling of MoMo Quadruple Bonds Linked by 4,4‘-Azodibenzoate and Comparison with t2g6-Ru(II) Centers by 4,4‘-Azodiphenylcyanamido Ligands. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:11035-42. [PMID: 17173463 DOI: 10.1021/ic060956w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From the reactions between Mo2(O2CtBu)4 and each of terephthalic acid and 4,4'-azodibenzoic acid, the compounds [Mo2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-O2CC6H4CO2) (1) and [Mo2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-O2CC6H4N2C6H4CO2) (2) have been made and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Their electronic structures have been examined by computations employing density functional theory on model compounds where HCO2 substitutes for tBuCO2. On the basis of these studies, the two Mo2 units are shown to be only weakly coupled and the mixed-valence ions 1+ and 2+ to be valence-trapped and Class II and I, respectively, on the Robin-Day classification scheme for mixed-valence compounds. These results are compared to t2g6-Ru centers linked by 1,4-dicyanamidobenzene and azo-4,4'-diphenylcyanamido bridges for which the mixed-valence ions [Ru-bridge-Ru]5+ have been previously classified as fully delocalized, Class III [Crutchley et al. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 1189; Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 1770], and on the basis of results described herein, it is proposed that the latter complex ion is more likely a mixed-valence organic radical where the bridge is oxidized and not the Ru(2+) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA
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The Physical and Electronic Structure of M2 Quadruply Bonded Complexes: A Density Functional Theory Study. J CLUST SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-006-0074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Byrnes MJ, Chisholm MH, Gallucci JA, Liu Y, Ramnauth R, Turro C. Observation of 1MLCT and 3MLCT excited states in quadruply bonded Mo2 and W2 complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:17343-52. [PMID: 16332084 DOI: 10.1021/ja055136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of the series of quadruply bonded M(2)(O(2)C-Ar)(4) [M = Mo, Ar = phenyl (ph), 1-naphthalene (1-nap), 2-naphthalene (2-nap), 9-anthracene (9-an), 1-pyrene (1-py), and 2-pyrene (2-py); M = W, Ar = ph, 2-nap] complexes were investigated. The lowest energy absorption of the complexes is attributed to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1)MLCT transition from the metal-based delta HOMO to the pi* O(2)C-Ar LUMO. The Mo(2)(O(2)C-Ar)(4) complexes exhibit weak short-lived emission (<10 ns) and a nonemissive, long-lived (40-76 mus) excited state detected by transient absorption spectroscopy. The short- and long-lived species are attributed to the (1)MLCT and (3)MLCT excited states, respectively, based on the large Stokes shift, vibronic progression in the low-temperature emission spectrum, and solvent dependence. Comparisons are made to the W(2)(O(2)C-Ar)(4) complexes, which are easier to oxidize and exhibit greater spin-orbit coupling than the Mo(2) systems. From the excited-state energy of the emissive (1)MLCT state and the electrochemical properties of the complexes, it is predicted that this excited state should be a powerful reducing agent. The crystal and molecular structure of Mo(2)(O(2)C-9-an)(4) is also reported together with electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of MLCT excited states in quadruply bonded complexes. In addition, the photophysical properties of the present systems parallel those of organic aromatic molecules and may be viewed as metal-mediated organics. The introduction of the M(2) delta orbital in the complexes in conjugation with the organic pi-system of the ligands affords the opportunity to tune the excited-state energies and redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Byrnes
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA
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Cotton FA, Li Z, Liu CY, Murillo CA, Villagrán D. Strong electronic interaction between two dimolybdenum units linked by a tetraazatetracene. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:767-78. [PMID: 16411713 DOI: 10.1021/ic051614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The large rigid dianion fluoflavinate, C(14)H(8)N(4)(2)(-), consisting of four fused and planar six-membered rings with four nitrogen donor atoms, has been used to link two metal-to-metal bonded and redox-active Mo(2)(n)()(+) units which are each locally bridged by three additional groups, collectively denoted [Mo(2)]. In 1, the [Mo(2)] units are Mo(2)(DAniF)(3) (DAniF = N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate), and in 5, they are trans-Mo(2)(DAniF)(2)(O(2)CCH(3)) groups. These [Mo(2)](fluoflavinate)[Mo(2)] compounds show three reversible one-electron oxidation steps, one more than all other [Mo(2)](linker)[Mo(2)] species known to date. The first two redox processes are metal-based, and the third one has been assigned to a ligand oxidation by comparison to that of paddlewheel compound 4 which contains only one dimolybdenum unit with a monoanionic fluoflavinate ligand. Chemical oxidations of 1 produce the singly- and doubly-oxidized species 2 and 3, respectively. All compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and, as appropriate, by various techniques such as NMR, EPR, near-IR, and UV-vis. The fluoflavinate ligand strongly mediates electronic communication between the dimetal units, and the mixed valence species 2 can be described as electronically delocalized. Calculations at the DFT level using a variety of functionals support such an assignment and indicate that a strong transition in the NIR for the singly oxidized species can be assigned to the HOMO-1 to SOMO transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Albert Cotton
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Structure and Bonding, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA.
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Chisholm MH, Patmore NJ. Electronic coupling in 1,4-(COS)2C6H4 linked MM quadruple bonds (M = Mo, W): the influence of S for O substitution. Dalton Trans 2006:3164-9. [PMID: 16802033 DOI: 10.1039/b600983b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory on the compounds [(HCO2)3M2]2(mu-X-C6H4-X) where M = Mo and W and -X = -CO2, -COS and -CS2 reveal that the successive substitution of oxygen by sulfur leads to enhanced electronic coupling as evidenced by the increased energy separation of the metal delta orbital combinations which comprise the HOMO and HOMO-1. This enhanced coupling arises principally from a lowering of the LUMO of the X-C6H4-X bridge which, in turn, increases mixing with the in-phase combination of the M2 delta orbitals. The compounds [(Bu(t)CO2)3M2]2(mu-SOC-C6H4-COS), where M = Mo and W, have been prepared from the reactions between M2(O2CBu(t))4 and the thiocarboxylic acid 1,4-(COSH)2C6H4 in toluene and the observed spectroscopic and electrochemical data indicate stronger electronic coupling of the M2 centers in comparison to the closely related terephthalate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA.
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Chisholm MH, Feil F, Hadad CM, Patmore NJ. Electronically Coupled MM Quadruply-Bonded Complexes (M = Mo or W) Employing Functionalized Terephthalate Bridges: Toward Molecular Rheostats and Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:18150-8. [PMID: 16366568 DOI: 10.1021/ja0550982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toluene solutions of M2(O2C(t)Bu)4 (M = Mo, W; 2 equiv) react with a range of functionalized terephthalic acids, HO2CArCO2H (Ar = C6H4, C6F4, C6Cl4, C6H2-2,5-Cl2, C6H2-2,5-(OH)2, C6H3-2-F), to give [(tBuCO2)3M2]2[mu-O2CArCO2]. These compounds show intense ML(bridge)CT absorptions in the visible region of the electronic spectrum, and the terephthalate bridge serves to electronically couple the two M2 units via interactions between the M2 delta and bridge pi orbitals. Electronic structure calculations reveal how the degree of electronic coupling is controlled by the dihedral angles between the terephthalate C6 ring and the two CO2 units and the degree of interaction between the M4 delta MOs and the LUMO of the bridge. Both of these factors are controlled by the aryl substituents, and collectively these determine the thermochromism displayed by these complexes in solution together with the physical properties of the oxidized radical cations as determined by electrochemical studies (CV, DPV), UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA.
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Barybin MV, Chisholm MH, Dalal NS, Holovics TH, Patmore NJ, Robinson RE, Zipse DJ. Long-Range Electronic Coupling of MM Quadruple Bonds (M = Mo or W) via a 2,6-Azulenedicarboxylate Bridge. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15182-90. [PMID: 16248660 DOI: 10.1021/ja0541884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of 2,6-azulenedicarboxylic acid (I) from its diester, 2-CO(2)(t)Bu-6-CO(2)-C(10)H(6) (II), is reported together with the crystal and molecular structure of the ester, II. From the reactions between the dicarboxylic acid I and the MM quadruply bonded complexes M(2)(O(2)C(t)Bu)(4), where M = Mo or W, the azulenedicarboxylate bridged complexes [M(2)(O(2)C(t)Bu)(3)](2)(mu-2,6-(CO(2))(2)-C(10)H(6)) have been isolated, III (M = Mo) and IV (M = W). The latter compounds provide examples of electronically coupled M(2) centers via a polar bridge. The compounds show intense electronic absorptions due to metal-to-bridge charge transfer. This occurs in the visible region of the spectrum for III (M = Mo) but in the near-IR for IV (M = W). One electron oxidation with Ag(+)PF(6)(-) in THF generates the radical cations III(+) and IV(+). By both UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopy the molybdenum ion III(+) is shown to be valence trapped or Class II on the Robin and Day classification scheme. Electrochemical, UV-vis-NIR, and EPR spectroscopic data indicate that, in the tungsten complex ion IV(+), the single electron is delocalized over the two W(2) centers that are separated by a distance of ca. 13.6 A. Furthermore, from the hyperfine coupling to (183)W (I = (1)/(2)), the singly occupied highest molecular orbital is seen to be polarized toward one W(2) center in relationship to the other. Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory indicate that the HOMO in compounds III and IV is an admixture of the two M(2) delta orbitals that is largely centered on the M(2) unit having proximity to the C(5) ring of the azulenedicarboxylate bridge. The energy of the highest occupied orbital of the bridge lies very close in energy to the M(2) delta orbitals. However, this orbital does not participate in electronic coupling by a hole transfer superexchange mechanism, and the electronic coupling in the radical cations of III and IV occurs by electron transfer through the bridge pi system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, USA
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Chisholm MH, Patmore NJ. Electronically-coupled MM quadruply-bonded complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. CHEM REC 2005; 5:308-20. [PMID: 16211587 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of M2(O2CBu(t))4 (M = Mo, W) with a dicarboxylic acid in toluene yields compounds of general formula [M2]-O2C-X-CO2-[M2] ([M2] = M2(O2CBu(t))3; X = conjugated spacer). The M2 units are electronically coupled via interactions between the M2 delta and dicarboxylate pi* orbitals, and the magnitude of this coupling is revealed by electronic structure calculations and spectroscopic data. These compounds show intense metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions in the visible region of the electronic spectrum that are temperature and solvent dependent. Evidence of electronic coupling is seen in their cyclic voltammograms, which show two successive one-electron oxidations. The extent of electronic coupling in the mixed valence radical cations [M2]-O2C-X-CO2-[M2]+, generated by oxidation with one equivalent of AgPF6 or FeCp2PF6, is evaluated by EPR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic data, and delocalized behavior is observed in compounds with W2 units separated by up to 13.6 angstroms. The simplicity of the frontier M2 orbital interactions with the bridge pi orbitals provides a convenient system with which to study electron transfer in mixed valence systems, as compared to the extensively studied, but more complicated, dinuclear t(2g)6/t(2g)5 mixed valence compounds. Oligomeric and polymeric compounds incorporating M2 units have also been synthesized, having general formula [M2(O2CR)2(O2C-Thio-CO2)]n (Thio = n-hexyl substituted ter- and quinque-thiophenes). They can be deposited as thin films by spin coating, and show photoluminescence and electroluminescence. These metallo-polythiophenes show potential for application in electronic materials. (
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA.
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Dequeant MQ, McGuire R, McMillin DR, Ren T. One-Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies Based on a Re2(III,III) Synthon and Their Solid-State Phosphorescence. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:6521-3. [PMID: 16156608 DOI: 10.1021/ic051070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between Re2(DMBA)4(NO3)2 (1; DMBA is dimethylbenzamidinate) and a bidentate dianion, either tungstate (WO4(2-)) or terephthalte (1,4-(O2C)2C6H4(2-)), resulted in the one-dimensional coordination polymers [Re2(DMBA)4(mu-O,O'-WO4)](infinity) (2) and [Re2(DMBA)4(mu-O,O'-1,4-(O2C)2C6H4)](infinity) (3), respectively. Both polymers display phosphorescence from a 3(delta --> delta*) state, which is significantly blue shifted from the phosphorescence previously observed for Re2(DMBA)4Cl2 type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Q Dequeant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Chisholm MH, Macintosh AM. Linking Multiple Bonds between Metal Atoms: Clusters, Dimers of “Dimers”, and Higher Ordered Assemblies. Chem Rev 2005; 105:2949-76. [PMID: 16092824 DOI: 10.1021/cr980024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA.
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Bursten BE, Chisholm MH, D'Acchioli JS. Oxalate-Bridged Dinuclear M2 Units: Dimers of Dimers, Cyclotetramers, and Extended Sheets (M = Mo, W, Tc, Ru, and Rh). Inorg Chem 2005; 44:5571-9. [PMID: 16060606 DOI: 10.1021/ic050053n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of D(4h)-M(2)(O(2)CH)(4) and the oxalate-bridged complexes D(2h)-[(HCO(2))(3)M(2)](2)(mu-O(2)CCO(2)) and D(4h)-[(HCO(2))(2)M(2)](4)(mu-O(2)CCO(2))(4) have been investigated by a symmetry analysis of their MM and oxalate-based frontier orbitals, as well as by electronic structure calculations on the model formate complexes (M = Mo and W {d(4)-d(4)}, Tc, Ru {d(6)-d(6)}, and Rh {d(7)-d(7)}). Significant changes in the ordering, interactions, and electronic occupation of the molecular orbitals (MOs) arise through both the progression from d(4) to d(7) metals and the change from second to third row transition metals. For M = Mo and W, the highest-occupied orbitals are delta based, while the lowest-unoccupied orbitals are oxalate pi based; for M = Tc, the highest-occupied orbitals are an energetically tight delta-based set of MOs, while the lowest-unoccupied orbitals are MM-based pi. For both Ru and Rh, the highest-occupied MOs are the MM pi* and delta*, respectively, while the lowest-unoccupied MOs, in both instances, are MM-based sigma. With the exception of M = Ru, all of the complexes are closed shell. From the progression M(2) --> [M(2)](2) --> [M(2)](4), we can envision the nature of bandlike structures for a 2-dimensional square grid of formula [M(2)(mu-O(2)CCO(2))](infinity). Only for Mo and W oxalates should good electronic communication between MM centers generate a band of significant width to lead to metallic conductivity upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Bursten
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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Byrnes MJ, Chisholm MH, Clark RJH, Gallucci JC, Hadad CM, Patmore NJ. Thienyl carboxylate ligands bound to and bridging MM quadruple bonds, M = Mo or W: models for polythiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds. Inorg Chem 2005; 43:6334-44. [PMID: 15446881 DOI: 10.1021/ic040086n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds of the form [M(2)L(4)] and [[((t)()BuCO(2))(3)M(2)](2)(mu-L')] have been made where M = Mo or W, L = a thienyl, bithienyl, or terthienyl carboxylate, and L' = a corresponding thienyl dicarboxylate. The electronic absorption spectra are reported and the electronic structures discussed. Intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands traverse the visible and near-IR regions of the electronic absorption spectrum. The compounds show reversible metal-based oxidations and quasireversible ligand-based reductions. The molecular structure of Mo(2)(O(2)C-2-Th)(4).2THF is reported, on the basis of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. These compounds provide insight into the expected properties of related dimetalated polythiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Byrnes
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA
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Chen WZ, Ren T. Selective Ligand Modification on the Periphery of Diruthenium Compounds: Toward New Metal-Alkynyl Scaffolds. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050068t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
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Chisholm MH, D'Acchioli JS, Pate BD, Patmore NJ, Dalal NS, Zipse DJ. Cations M2(O2CtBu)4+, Where M = Mo and W, and MoW(O2CtBu)4+. Theoretical, Spectroscopic, and Structural Investigations. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:1061-7. [PMID: 15859287 DOI: 10.1021/ic049081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the aid of density function theory, the molecular and electronic structures of the molecules Mo2(O2CMe)4, MoW(O2CMe)4, and W2(O2CMe)4 and their single-electron oxidized radical cations have been determined; this includes calculated observables such as v(MM) and the delta --> delta* electronic transition energies. The calculated properties are compared with those for the corresponding pivalates, M2(O2CtBu)4 (M = Mo or W) and MoW(O2CtBu)4 and their radical cations prepared in situ by oxidation with Cp2FePF6. The EPR spectra of the radical cations are also reported. The EPR spectrum of the MoW(O2CtBu)4+ cation reveals that the unpaired electron is in a polarized MM delta orbital having 70% Mo and 30% W character. The MM stretching frequencies show good correlation with the MM bond lengths obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of MoW(O2CtBu)4, W2(O2CtBu)4, and W2(O2CtBu)4+PF6- compounds, along with previously reported structures. These data provide benchmark parameters for valence trapped dicarboxylate bridged radical cations of the type [(tBuCO2)3M2]2(micro-O2C-X-CO2)+ (X = conjugated spacer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA.
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Haines DE, Miskowski VM, Hopkins MD. Theoretical and Empirical Relationships Between the Redox Potentials and 1(???*) Transition Energies of Quadruply Bonded Complexes. J CLUST SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-004-5771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Furukawa S, Kitagawa S. Neutral Paddlewheel Diruthenium Complexes with Tetracarboxylates of Large π-Conjugated Substituents: Facile One-Pot Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrochemical Studies. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:6464-72. [PMID: 15446898 DOI: 10.1021/ic0493752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot reaction of a cationic diruthenium complex, [Ru(2)(II,III)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)(THF)(2)](BF(4)), with arylcarboxylic acids, ArCO(2)H, (PhCO(2)H = benzoic acid, NapCO(2)H = 1-naphthoic acid, AntCO(2)H = 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid) in NDMA (NDMA = N,N-dimethylaniline) has led to isolation of neutral paddlewheel-type diruthenium complexes, [Ru(II)(2)(O(2)CAr)(4)(THF)(2)] (Ar = Ph (1), Nap (2), Ant (3)). Paramagnetic variable temperature (VT) (1)H NMR studies and GC-MS studies show that the reaction consists of two steps: a one-electron reduction of the Ru(2) core by NDMA and a simple carboxylate-exchange reaction. All compounds 1-3 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. While the structural features of the Ru(2) core are very similar in all the compounds, the dihedral angles between the carboxylate plane and the aromatic ring are larger with the expanding of aryl groups from phenyl to anthracene. The effect of pi-pi stacking leads to the formation of a 1-D chain structure in compound 3, whereas compounds 1 and 2 are fully isolated from each other. The electrochemical measurements show that the quasireversible one-electron oxidation step is observed at +0.06, +0.09, and +0.17 V (vs Ag/Ag(+)) for 1-3, respectively, assigned to the Ru(II)(2)/Ru(II,III)(2) redox couple. These potentials are found to demonstrate a linear relationship with the substituent constants for aryl compounds,.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Furukawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Byrnes MJ, Chisholm MH, Dye DF, Hadad CM, Pate BD, Wilson PJ, Zaleski JM. 9,10-Anthracene dicarboxylate bridged complexes with M2quadruply bonded dimetal units: [{M2(O2CtBu)3}2(μ-9,10-An(CO2)2)], where M = Mo or W. Dalton Trans 2004:523-9. [PMID: 15252513 DOI: 10.1039/b312613g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From the reactions between [M2(O2CtBu)4] and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid in toluene, the dicarboxylate bridged complexes [[M2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-9,10An(CO2)2)], have been obtained as microcrystalline yellow (M = Mo) and red (M = W) powders. The powders are soluble in THF forming intense red (M = Mo) and green (M = W) solutions. The electronic absorption spectra in 2-MeTHF have been recorded as a function of temperature (2-298 K) and show a small bathochromic shift on cooling. The electronic structures have been investigated by molecular orbital calculations employing density functional theory on the model compounds [(HCO2)3M2]2(mu-9,10-An(CO2)2) where the M4 unit is constrained to lie in a plane. These reveal a minimum energy, gas-phase structure wherein the plane of the anthracene is twisted by ca. 54 degrees with respect to its 9,10-carboxylate units for both Mo and W. The results of these calculations are correlated with the electronic absorption spectral data and the electrochemical measurements (CV and DPV) of the first and second oxidation waves. The EPR spectra of the radical cations formed by single-electron oxidation with [Cp2Fe](+)[PF6]- in a THF-CH2Cl2 solvent mixture show that the complexes are valence trapped at ambient temperature on the EPR timescale. These results are discussed in the light of recent studies of dicarboxylate-linked MM quadruple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Byrnes
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA
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Chisholm MH, Clark RJH, Hadad CM, Patmore NJ. 3,6-Dioxypyridazine bridged tungsten–tungsten quadruple bonds. Comparisons of electron delocalisation with oxalate bridged compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:80-2. [PMID: 14737342 DOI: 10.1039/b310982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterisation of the tungsten-tungsten quadruply bonded, 3,6-dioxypyridazine bridged complex [((t)BuCO(2))(3)W(2)](2)([micro sign]-H(2)C(4)N(2)O(2)) and its single electron oxidised radical cation are reported and, when compared with related bridged dimolybdenum complexes, reveal a different mechanism of electronic coupling from that seen in related oxalate bridged systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1173, USA.
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39
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Gao G, Korobkov I, Gambarotta S. Divalent Molybdenum Complexes of the Dipyrrolide Ligand System. Isolation of a Mo2 Unit with a 45° Twist Angle. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:1108-15. [PMID: 14753834 DOI: 10.1021/ic0350739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of divalent Mo complexes of dipyrrolide dianions was carried out by reacting Mo(2)(acetate)(4) with the dipotassium salts of Ph(2)C(2-C(4)H(3)NH)(2) and 2-[1,1-bis(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl]pyridine. The two reactions respectively afforded the diamagnetic [[Ph(2)C(C(4)H(3)N)(2)](2)Mo(2)(OAc)(2)[K(THF)(3)][K(THF)]].THF (1) and [[(2-C(5)H(4) N)(CH(3))C(2-C(4)H(3)N)(2)]Mo(OAc)[K(THF)]](2).THF (2). Both compounds retained two acetate units in the dimetallic structure. Conversely, the reaction of Me(8)Mo(2)Li(4)(THF)(4) with Et(2)C(2-C(4)H(3)NH)(2) afforded the paramagnetic dimer [[Et(2)C(C(4)H(3)N)(2)](4)Mo(2)Li(2)][Li(THF)(4)](2).0.5THF (3). The paramagnetism is most likely caused by the 45 degree rotation of the two Mo(dipyrrolide) units with respect to each other and which, in turn, is caused by the presence of two lithium cations in the molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, D'Iorio Hall, 10 M. Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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40
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Bradley PM, Smith LT, Eglin JL, Turro C. Direct Observation of the Luminescence from the 3δδ* Excited State of Re2Cl2(p-OCH3form)4. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:7360-2. [PMID: 14606825 DOI: 10.1021/ic034513t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are only a few reports on the measurement of the energy of the low-lying (3)deltadelta state of quadruply bonded bimetallic complexes, and the direct observation of the (1)deltadelta excited electronic state was only recently reported. In the quadruply bonded bimetallic complexes reported to date, luminescence arises from their (1)deltadelta excited state, and the (3)deltadelta state is nonemissive. Here we report the luminescence of Re(2)Cl(2)(p-OCH(3)form)(4) [p-OCH(3)form = (p-CH(3)OC(6)H(4))NCHN(p-CH(3)OC(6)H(4))(-)] observed upon 400-460 nm excitation with maxima at 820 nm (CH(2)Cl(2), tau = 1.4 micros) and 825 nm (CH(3)CN, tau = 1.3 micros) at 298 K. From the large Stokes shift, the vibronic progression at 77 K, the quenching by O(2), the long lifetime, and the calculated energy of the (3)deltadelta state, the luminescence of Re(2)Cl(2)(p-OCH(3)form)(4) and the corresponding transient absorption signal are assigned as arising from the (3)deltadelta ((3)A(2u)) excited state of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Bradley
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Hurst SK, Xu GL, Ren T. Bis-Adducts of Substituted Phenylethynyl on a Ru2(DMBA)4 Core: Effect of Donor/Acceptor Modifications. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030401y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
| | - Guo-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
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42
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Cotton FA, Liu CY, Murillo CA, Wang X. Trapping tetramethoxyzincate and -cobaltate(II) between Mo24+ units. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4619-23. [PMID: 12870952 DOI: 10.1021/ic034167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two compounds of a new type, [Mo(2)](CH(3)O)(2)M(CH(3)O)(2)[Mo(2)] where [Mo(2)] is an abbreviation for Mo(2)[(p-MeOC(6)H(4))NCHN(p-MeOC(6)H(4))](3) and M = Zn (1) and Co (2), are reported. Discrete [M(OR)(4)](2-) ions, either as such or in the mu(2),eta(4) role, have not heretofore been described. In these compounds they have distorted tetrahedral structures and bridge two [Mo(2)] groups in much the same way as did SO(4)(2-), MoO(4)(2-), and WO(4)(2-) ions in other recently reported compounds (Cotton, F. A.; Donahue, J. P.; Murillo, C. A. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 2229). The (1)H NMR spectrum of 1 and the visible spectrum and magnetic properties of 2 are consistent with these structures. The M(OCH(3))(4) bridges are moderately effective in coupling the two [Mo(2)] redox centers. Compounds 1 and 2 may also be viewed as having Zn(II) and Co(II) centers tetrahedrally coordinated by the bidentate ligand [Mo(2)[(p-MeOC(6)H(4))NCHN(p-MeOC(6)H(4))](3)(OMe)(2)](-). From that point of view they may be compared with Zn(DPM)(2) and Co(DPM)(2) (3), where DPM is the anion of dipivaloylmethane. For purposes of comparison, 3 has been fully characterized structurally, spectroscopically, and magnetically. Close analogies between 2 and 3 are shown to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Albert Cotton
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Structure and Bonding, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
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Cotton FA, Donahue JP, Murillo CA, Pérez LM, Yu R. Cyclic polyamidato dianions as bridges between Mo(2)(4+) units: synthesis, crystal structures, electrochemistry, absorption spectra, and electronic structures. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8900-10. [PMID: 12862486 DOI: 10.1021/ja0358044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compounds in which quadruply bonded Mo(2)(4+) units, Mo(2)(DAniF)(3) (DAniF = N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate), are linked by cyclic diamidate anions have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. As identified by the diamidate linker, these compounds are 4,6-dioxypyrimidinate (2), 2,3-dioxypyrazinate (3), 2,3-dioxyquinoxalinate (4), 2,3-dioxy-5,6-dicyanopyrazinate (5), and cyanurate (6). With uracilate, a dinuclear unlinked 1:1 adduct is formed, Mo(2)(DAniF)(3)(uracilate) (1). The cyclic voltammograms of 3-5 reveal significantly larger DeltaE(1/2) values (258 mV-308 mV) than that of the oxalate linked analogue (212 mV), which is indicative of greater charge delocalization in the mixed valent Mo(2)(4+)/Mo(2)(5+) species and hence greater communication between the two Mo(2) units. DeltaE(1/2) for 2 is substantially lower than those for 3-5. This difference is attributed to the meta disposition of the two amidate groups in 4,6-dioxypyrimidinate as compared to their ortho arrangement in the pyrazinate-type linkers. The absorption spectra of the linked compounds 3-5 are more complex than those of the analogous polyunsaturated dicarboxylate linked compounds and reveal at least two significant absorption bands within the region 420-550 nm. Compound 2 also has two bands but with significantly lower intensity. Time dependent DFT calculations upon 2 and 3 indicate rather different electronic structures for these two structural isomers. The two bands for 3 have delta --> pi character, and the pi type orbitals have substantial contributions from the Mo(2) units as well as from the diamidate linker. The excitations observed in 2 are mainly metal based. The differences between the electronic spectra of 2 and 3 are consistent with the electrochemistry in underscoring the profound physical effect of changing the symmetry of the diamidate linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012 , USA.
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45
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Chisholm MH. Electronic coupling between molybdenum or tungsten quadruple bonds linked by dicarboxylate ligands. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b307167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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