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Rensch T, Fabig S, Grätz S, Borchardt L. Mechanochemically-Assisted Synthesis of Polyimides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101975. [PMID: 34731534 PMCID: PMC9299604 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyimides were obtained in 99 % yield in under 1 h through the "beat and heat" approach, involving solvent-free vibrational ball milling and a thermal treatment step. The influence of a plethora of additives was explored, such as Lewis acids, Lewis bases, and dehydrating agents, and the mechanochemical reaction was identified to run via a polyamic acid intermediate. The protocol was adopted to a range of substrates inaccessible through solution-based processes, including perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and melamine. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations were conducted to identify the water removal as the crucial step in the reaction mechanism. The presented method is substantially faster and more versatile than the solution-based process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Rensch
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Fabig
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
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Milovanović VM, Petrović ZD, Novaković S, Bogdanović GA, Petrović VP, Simijonović D. Green synthesis of benzamide-dioxoisoindoline derivatives and assessment of their radical scavenging activity – Experimental and theoretical approach. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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CAI JUN, WU ZHIJIAN. SOLVENT AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE INTRAMOLECULAR AMIDE HYDROLYSIS OF N-METHYLMALEAMIC ACID. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633609005374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular amide hydrolysis of N-methylmaleamic acid is revisited at the B3LYP/6-311G(2df, p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) + ZVPE level, including solvent effects at the CPCM-B3LYP/6-311G(2df, p)//Onsager-B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) + ZPVE level. The concerted reaction mechanism is energetically favorable over stepwise reaction mechanisms in both the gas phase and solution. The calculated reaction barriers are significantly lower in solution than in the gas phase. In addition, it is concluded that the substituents of the four N-methylmaleamic acid derivatives considered herein have a significant effect on the gas-phase reaction barriers but a smaller, or little, effect on the barriers in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUN CAI
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - ZHIJIAN WU
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Souza BS, Yunes SF, Lima MF, Gesser JC, Sá MM, Fiedler HD, Nome F. Mechanism of intramolecular catalysis in the hydrolysis of alkyl monoesters of 1,8-naphthalic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6163-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Barros TC, Filho PB, Loos M, Politi MJ, Chaimovich H, Cuccovia IM. Formation and decomposition of N-alkylnaphthalimides: experimental evidences and ab initio description of the reaction pathways. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gardlik M, Yan Z, Xia S, Rieth S, Gallucci J, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. A close inspection of Ag(I) coordination to molecular baskets. A study of solvation and guest encapsulation in solution and the solid state. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cheong MY, Ariffin A, Khan MN. Effects of Mixed H2O—CH3CN and H2O—HCONMe2 Solvents on the Rate of Cleavage of N-Benzylphthalamic Acid. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/146867808x315733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The values of pseudo first-order rate constants, k1, for the O-cyclization and k3 for N-cyclization of N-benzylphthalamic acid 1, obtained at 0.02 M HCl and 35°C, show a respective nonlinear increase from 17.6 × 10−6 to 29.7 × 10−6 s−1 and decrease from 12.5 × 10−7 to 3.75 × 10−7 s−1 with increase in the CH3CN content from 2 to 60% v/v in mixed aqueous solvent. Increase in the CH3CN content from 60 to 90% v/v decreases k1 from 29.7 × 10−6 to 24.4 × 10−6 s−1 and increases k3 from 3.75 × 10−7 to 14.7 × 10−7 s−1. The respective values of k1 and k3 decrease nonlinearly from 16.0 × 10−6 to 3.0 × 10−6 s−1 and 14.0 × 10−7 to ~4.0 × 10−7 s−1 with increase in the content of N,N-dimethylformamide (HCONMe2) from 2 to 80% v/v in mixed aqueous solvents. These results indicate rather mild rate-retarding effects of mixed H2O—CH3CN and H2O—HCONMe2 solvents on the rates of the intramolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Ye Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Niyaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Modeling the reaction mechanisms for redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity. Theor Chem Acc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Unexpected Rate Retardation in the Formation of Phthalic Anhydride from N-Methylphthalamic Acid in Acidic H2O-CH3CN Medium. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.7.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Manojkumar TK, Suh SB, Oh KS, Cho SJ, Cui C, Zhang X, Kim KS. Theoretical Studies on the Mechanism of Acid-Promoted Hydrolysis of N-Formylaziridine in Comparison with Formamide. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2651-9. [PMID: 15787556 DOI: 10.1021/jo0493323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] We present an ab initio study of the acid-promoted hydrolysis reaction mechanism of N-formylaziridine in comparison with formamide. Since the rate of amide hydrolysis reactions depends on the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate, we focused our attention mainly on the reactant complex, the tetrahedral intermediate, and the transition state connecting these two stationary points. Geometries were optimized using the density functional theory, and the energetics were refined using ab initio theory including electron correlation. Solvent effects were investigated by using polarizable continuum method calculations. The proton-transfer reaction between the O-protonated and N-protonated amides was investigated. In acidic media, despite that the N-protonated species is more stable than the O-protonated one, it is predicted that both N-protonated and O-protonated pathways compete in the hydrolysis reaction of N-formylaziridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanathu Krishnan Manojkumar
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Pliego, JR, Riveros JM. Free Energy Profile of the Reaction between the Hydroxide Ion and Ethyl Acetate in Aqueous and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions: A Theoretical Analysis of the Changes Induced by the Solvent on the Different Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036955w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefredo R. Pliego,
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José M. Riveros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Leng SY, Ariffin A, Khan MN. Effects of mixed aqueous-organic solvents on the rate of intramolecular carboxylic group-catalyzed cleavage ofN-(4?-methoxyphenyl)phthalamic acid. INT J CHEM KINET 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Wu Z, Ban F, Boyd RJ. Modeling the reaction mechanisms of the amide hydrolysis in an N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-L-amino acid. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6994-7000. [PMID: 12783553 DOI: 10.1021/ja021329i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanisms of the amide hydrolysis from the protonated, neutral, and deprotonated forms of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-amino acid have been investigated by use of the B3LYP density functional method. Our calculations reveal that in the amide hydrolysis the reaction barrier is significantly lower in solution than that in the gas phase, in contrast with the mechanism for imide formation in which the solvent has little influence on the reaction barrier. In the model reactions, the water molecules function both as a catalyst and as a reactant. The reaction mechanism starting from the neutral form of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-amino acid, which corresponds to pH 0-3, is concluded to be the most favored, and a concerted mechanism is more favorable than a stepwise mechanism. This conclusion is in agreement with experimental observations that the optimal pH range for amide hydrolysis of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-leucine is pH 0-3 where N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-leucine is predominantly in its neutral form. We suggest that besides the acid-catalyzed mechanism the addition-elimination mechanism is likely to be an alternative choice for cleaving an amide bond. For the reaction mechanism initiated by protonation at the amidic oxygen (hydrogen ion concentration H(0) < -1), the reaction of the model compound with two water molecules lowers the transition barrier significantly compared with that involving a single water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Wu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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