1
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Gao Y, Yip JHK, Lim EG, Nguyen VH. mer-M(CO) 3(PNP) 0/+ pincer complexes (M = W(0) or Re(I); PNP = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)acridine): synthesis, spectroscopy and anti-Kasha emission. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39229906 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Two isoelectronic and isostructural W(0) and Re(I) complexes mer-W(CO)3(PNP) (1) and [mer-Re(CO)3(PNP)]Cl (2) (PNP = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)acridine) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared, electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Structures of these complexes show a metal center bonded to the pincer ligand and two axial CO and one equatorial CO ligands. DFT calculations showed that the LUMOs of both complexes are the lowest energy π* orbitals localized in the acridine part of the ligand. The HOMO of 1 is dominated by the dπ orbital of W(0) while the HOMO of 2 has a substantial contribution from the highest energy π orbital of the acridine ring. TD-DFT calculations were performed to assist assignment of the UV-vis absorption spectra. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of 1 shows a very low energy W → π* (acridine) metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption band that ranges from visible (500 nm) to near-infrared (>900 nm) regions and an intense acridine π → π* absorption band at 410 nm. There is a blue-green window in the ∼450-500 nm range between the π → π* and W → π*(acridine) MLCT absorptions. The absorption spectrum of 2, dominated by intense π → π* absorptions, shows no distinct low energy MLCT band. Complex 1 is luminescent, displaying acridine-based ππ* fluorescence at 501 nm which is anti-Kasha as it is higher in energy than the lowest energy excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - John H K Yip
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Eu Gene Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Van Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam, 11021.
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2
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Bens T, Walter RRM, Beerhues J, Schmitt M, Krossing I, Sarkar B. The Best of Both Worlds: Combining the Power of MICs and WCAs To Generate Stable and Crystalline Cr I -Tetracarbonyl Complexes with π-Accepting Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301205. [PMID: 37212248 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we present stable and crystalline chromium(I) tetracarbonyl complexes with pyridyl-MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) ligands and weakly coordinating anions (WCA=[Al(ORF )4 ]- , RF =C(CF3 )3 and BArF =[B(ArF )4 ]- , ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ). The complexes were fully characterized via crystallographic, spectroscopic and theoretical methods. The influence of counter anions on the IR and EPR spectroscopic properties of the CrI complexes was investigated, and the electronic innocence versus non-innocence of WCAs was probed. These are the first examples of stable and crystalline [Cr(CO)4 ]+ complexes with a chelatingπ - ${\pi -}$ accepting ligand, and the data presented here are of relevance for both the photochemical and the electrochemical properties of these classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert R M Walter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Current Address: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Paisos Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Fahim AM, Magar HS, Ayoub MA. Synthesis, characterization, thermal Studies, electrochemical behavior, antimicrobial, docking studies, and computational simulation of triazole‐thiol metal complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Fahim
- Department of Green chemistry National Research Center, Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Hend S. Magar
- App. Org. Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Manara A. Ayoub
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain‐Shams University Cairo Egypt
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4
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Nagamori K, Haze M, Nakata H, Zingsheim O, Yamasaki K, Kohguchi H. Generation of Highly Vibrationally Excited CO in Sequential Photodissociation of Iron Carbonyl Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:306-313. [PMID: 35007077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photochemistry of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, was investigated with resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy and ion imaging. The REMPI spectrum of CO photofragments, generated by ultraviolet irradiation of Fe(CO)5, showed the generation in the highly vibrationally excited states with v = 11-15. Analysis of the band intensities observed in the 213-235 nm region indicated that the high-v CO generation was maximized at around 220 nm. Generation yields of the coordinatively unsaturated intermediates, Fe(CO)n=1-4, were measured as a function of the photolysis wavelength using a nonresonant detection scheme. The yield spectrum of FeCO was correlated with that of the high-v CO fragments, suggesting high-v CO generation in the photodissociation of FeCO. The density functional theory calculations of the excited states of FeCO showed an intense photoabsorption to the metal-centered state near 220 nm. The theoretical results were consistent with the interpretation of FeCO + hν → Fe + high-v CO, which was experimentally indicated. The momentum distribution obtained from the velocity distributions of Fe, Fe(CO)4, and CO fragments further supported that Fe is the counter-product of the high-v CO fragment. The present results provided selective observation of the photochemistry of the unsaturated iron carbonyl complexes, which has not been well elucidated in laser-based experiments because of the uncontrollable sequential photodissociation producing mixed Fe(CO)n intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Nagamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misato Haze
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Oliver Zingsheim
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Katsuyoshi Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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5
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Bacchi SM, Waters CM, Agunoye Jones OA, Becker G, Bryan AP, Easter TD, Evans MG, Farace JM, Johnson KD, Kasse JM, LaCasse ZR, Aguillon Perea NM, LaMontagne AJ, Miller RM, Mundorf KW, Pappas FG, Pappas KG, Pho VL, Potocki CT, Polz MA, Quintana R, Rodriguez EA, Rogman TR, Schindlbeck SJ, Slagle JA, Tariq S, Valadez E, Viereckl RJ, Vincent TR, Weiner ES, Westfall JA, Wood NM, Ylo IT, Pixler A, Hoerchler KB, DeLio AM, Gilbert TM. Computational studies of cis– and trans–isomer preferences of low-spin d6 [M(DABF)2A2]+ and [M(CO)4A2]+ complexes (M = Co, Rh, Ir; A = anionic ligand): spectator ligand π-backbonding and DFT exchange. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Influence of substituents in 1,10-phenanthroline on the structural and photophysical properties of W(CO)4(1,10-phenanthroline-type) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Taylor JO, Wang Y, Hartl F. Photo‐Assisted Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO
2
: A New Strategy for Reducing Catalytic Overpotentials. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James O. Taylor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD UK
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8
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Abstract
In this Letter, we present first-principles evidence that several higher-lying excited states are responsible for the emission spectrum of [M(CO)4(bpy)] (M = Cr, Mo, W and bpy = 2,2'-bipyrimidine) complexes. These results highlight the violation of Kasha's rule, which states that after irradiation, molecules emit light with appreciable yield only from their lowest energy excited state. Furthermore, in [W(CO)4(bpy)] and [Mo(CO)4(bpy)], the breaking of Kasha's rule is two-fold because at least two different excited states besides T1 are involved in emission. To our knowledge, these are the first transition-metal complexes unambiguously demonstrated to display simultaneous equilibrated and nonequilibrated anti-Kasha emissions. This work also highlights the complexity of the emissive processes of tetracarbonyl-diimine transition-metal complexes, which are controlled via a subtle interplay of electronic and geometrical effects along the excited-state deactivation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Röhrs
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Division , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Heverlee , Belgium
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Division , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Heverlee , Belgium
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9
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Aucott BJ, Duhme-Klair AK, Moulton BE, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Hammarback LA, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Manganese Carbonyl Compounds Reveal Ultrafast Metal–Solvent Interactions. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Aucott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Benjamin E. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | | | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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10
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11
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Shang X, Li Y, Zhan Q, Zhang G. Theoretical investigation of photophysical properties for a series of iridium(iii) complexes with different substituted 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantum chemical investigation from structural and electronic properties and some charge-transport parameter viewpoints was performed on several homoleptic iridium complexes [(C∧N)2Ir(pic)] with the 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadia-zoles moiety in C∧N ligands, where pic represents the picolinate ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhan
- Jilin Provincial Institute of Education
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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12
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Eng J, Daniel C. Structural Properties and UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy of Retinal-pyridyl-CN Re(I) Carbonyl Bipyridine Complex: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10645-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 STRASBOURG, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 STRASBOURG, France
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13
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Kvapilová H, Sattler W, Sattler A, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Towrie M, Gray HB, Záliš S, Vlček A. Electronic Excited States of Tungsten(0) Arylisocyanides. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8518-28. [PMID: 26267759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
W(CNAryl)6 complexes containing 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (CNdipp) are powerful photoreductants with strongly emissive long-lived excited states. These properties are enhanced upon appending another aryl ring, e.g., W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6; CNdippPh(OMe2) = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide (Sattler et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1198-1205). Electronic transitions and low-lying excited states of these complexes were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT); the lowest triplet state was characterized by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) supported by density functional theory (DFT). The intense absorption band of W(CNdipp)6 at 460 nm and that of W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 at 500 nm originate from transitions of mixed ππ*(C≡N-C)/MLCT(W → Aryl) character, whereby W is depopulated by ca. 0.4 e(-) and the electron-density changes are predominantly localized along two equatorial molecular axes. The red shift and intensity rise on going from W(CNdipp)6 to W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 are attributable to more extensive delocalization of the MLCT component. The complexes also exhibit absorptions in the 300-320 nm region, owing to W → C≡N MLCT transitions. Electronic absorptions in the spectrum of W(CNXy)6 (Xy = 2,6-dimethylphenyl), a complex with orthogonal aryl orientation, have similar characteristics, although shifted to higher energies. The relaxed lowest W(CNAryl)6 triplet state combines ππ* excitation of a trans pair of C≡N-C moieties with MLCT (0.21 e(-)) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT, 0.24-0.27 e(-)) from the other four CNAryl ligands to the axial aryl and, less, to C≡N groups; the spin density is localized along a single Aryl-N≡C-W-C≡N-Aryl axis. Delocalization of excited electron density on outer aryl rings in W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 likely promotes photoinduced electron-transfer reactions to acceptor molecules. TRIR spectra show an intense broad bleach due to ν(C≡N), a prominent transient upshifted by 60-65 cm(-1), and a weak down-shifted feature due to antisymmetric C≡N stretch along the axis of high spin density. The TRIR spectral pattern remains unchanged on the femtosecond-nanosecond time scale, indicating that intersystem crossing and electron-density localization are ultrafast (<100 fs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kvapilová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aaron Sattler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.,Queen Mary University of London , School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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14
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Yu T, Au VKM, Tsang DPK, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, and photophysical studies of triarylamine-containing zinc(ii) diimine bis-thiolate complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18983-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of triarylamine-containing Zn(ii) diimine bis-thiolate complexes were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, FAB mass spectrometry and satisfactory elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | | | | | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
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15
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Garino C, Salassa L. The photochemistry of transition metal complexes using density functional theory. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120134. [PMID: 23776295 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) to study the photochemistry of metal complexes is becoming increasingly important among chemists. Computational methods provide unique information on the electronic nature of excited states and their atomic structure, integrating spectroscopy observations on transient species and excited-state dynamics. In this contribution, we present an overview on photochemically active transition metal complexes investigated by DFT. In particular, we discuss a representative range of systems studied up to now, which include CO- and NO-releasing inorganic and organometallic complexes, haem and haem-like complexes dissociating small diatomic molecules, photoactive anti-cancer Pt and Ru complexes, Ru polypyridyls and diphosphino Pt derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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16
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Kaur P, Sareen D, Kaur M, Singh K. Multi-signalling cation sensing behaviour of a bis(pyridin-2-yl methyl)aniline based hetarylazo dye. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 778:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Záliš S, Milne CJ, El Nahhas A, Blanco-Rodríguez AM, van der Veen RM, Vlček A. Re and Br X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Study of the Ground and Excited States of [ReBr(CO)3(bpy)] Interpreted by DFT and TD-DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5775-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3025843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech
Republic
| | - Chris J. Milne
- Laboratoire de
Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Amal El Nahhas
- Laboratoire de
Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Ana María Blanco-Rodríguez
- School of Biological
and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Renske M. van der Veen
- Laboratoire de
Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech
Republic
- School of Biological
and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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18
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Probing the electronic structure of -fused quinoxalino porphyrins and tetraazaanthracene-bridged bis-porphyrins with resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Acute oral toxicity evaluations of some zinc(II) complexes derived from 1-(2-salicylaldiminoethyl)piperazine Schiff bases in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1393-1404. [PMID: 22408397 PMCID: PMC3291966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study described the synthesis and the in vivo acute oral toxicity evaluations in Sprague Dawley rats. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, LC-MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the compounds was performed orally to the rats at the single doses of 2000 mg/kg and they were then monitored for possible side effects, mortality or behavioral changes up to 14 days. The serum level of aspartate (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulins (GAM) and the C-reactive proteins did not significantly change. The hematological indices white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were within the normal range. The renal function indices examined were also within the reference range. Generally, the compounds exhibited low toxic effects as required for further in vivo therapeutic studies.
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Picardi G, Keyes TE, Forster RJ, Long C. Probing the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer First Excited State in (η6-Naphthalene)Cr(CO)3 and (η6-Phenanthrene)Cr(CO)3 by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11641-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Picardi
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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22
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Clark IP, George MW, Greetham GM, Harvey EC, Long C, Manton JC, Pryce MT. Photochemistry of (η6-Arene)Cr(CO)3 (Arene = Methylbenzoate, Naphthalene, or Phenanthrene) in n-Heptane Solution: Population of Two Excited States Following 400 nm Excitation As Detected by Picosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2985-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Harvey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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23
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Theoretical studies on structures and spectroscopic properties of a series of heteroleptic iridium complexes based on tridentate bis(benzimidazolyl)pyridine ligand. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Clark IP, George MW, Greetham GM, Harvey EC, Long C, Manton JC, Pryce MT. Excited State Dynamics and Activation Parameters of Remarkably Slow Photoinduced CO Loss from (η6-Benzene)Cr(CO)3 in n-Heptane Solution: A DFT and Picosecond-Time-Resolved Infrared Study. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11425-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Clark
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Harvey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C. Manton
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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25
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Fraser MG, Blackman AG, Irwin GIS, Easton CP, Gordon KC. Effect of Sulfur-Based Substituents on the Electronic Properties of Re(I) dppz Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5180-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Fraser
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Allan G. Blackman
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Garth I. S. Irwin
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Campbell P. Easton
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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26
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Volpi G, Garino C, Salassa L, Fiedler J, Hardcastle K, Gobetto R, Nervi C. Cationic Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes with 1-Pyridylimidazo[1,5-α]pyridine Ligands: Exploitation of an Efficient Intersystem Crossing. Chemistry 2009; 15:6415-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Tong GM, Che CM. Emissive or Nonemissive? A Theoretical Analysis of the Phosphorescence Efficiencies of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2009; 15:7225-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Gu X, Fei T, Zhang H, Xu H, Yang B, Ma Y, Liu X. Theoretical Studies of Blue-Emitting Iridium Complexes with Different Ancillary Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8387-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8026429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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29
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Adams CJ, Fey N, Harrison ZA, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. Photophysical properties of platinum(II)-acetylide complexes: the effect of a strongly electron-accepting diimine ligand on excited-state structure. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8242-57. [PMID: 18693685 DOI: 10.1021/ic800850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compounds [Pt(MesBIAN)(C[triple bond]CR)2] (R = C6H4-CN-p, 1; SiMe3, 2; C6H4-CF3-p, 3; C6H5, 4; C6H4-CH3-p 5) {MesBIAN = bis(mesitylimino)acenaphthene} have been synthesized; the X-ray crystal structure determinations of 4 and 5 and the starting material [Pt(MesBIAN)Cl2] are reported. Chemical oxidation of 4 with diiodine leads to generation of an intermediate platinum(IV) bis(acetylide) diiodide complex, which then couples and reductively eliminates the acetylide ligands as a diyne, leading to the generation of [Pt(MesBIAN)I2] 6. Compound 2 readily forms an adduct 2a with copper(I) chloride, in which the copper atom is bonded to the two acetylide triple bonds. 1-5 each undergo an irreversible oxidation, and a reversible one-electron reduction to generate a stable anion. ESR studies of 1(-)-5(-) show that the unpaired electron is localized mainly on the pi* orbital of the coordinated MesBIAN ligand, with about 10% platinum contribution to the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO). The compounds show a strong absorption at around 500 nm in the UV/visible spectrum, which is assigned to a "mixed metal-ligand to ligand charge transfer" (MMLL'CT) transition; this assignment is supported by time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations on 5. 1-5 emit in the near-infrared region from a (3)MMLL'CT excited state, with lifetimes ranging from 8 to 36 ns. Picosecond and nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy has been used to probe directly the nature and dynamics of the excited state of 5. The TRIR data show a decrease of the energy of the C[triple bond]C vibration upon excitation, by about 90 cm(-1) in comparison to the ground state, and formation of a new, very intense, and very broad band at 1820 cm(-1). We propose that the excited-state structure contains some contribution from a pseudo-cumulenic form of the platinum-acetylide moiety, which is supported by TD-DFT calculations. Picosecond TRIR allowed determination of the rate of vibrational relaxation (14 ps) of the vibrationally "hot" electronic excited state of 5 formed upon initial laser excitation.
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30
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Bitterwolf TE, Thornley W, Crawford JL. CO-loss and geometric isomerization in the frozen matrix photochemistry of cis-Fe(CO)4X2, where X=Br and I, cis-[Et4N][Mn(CO)4Br2], cis-Mn(CO)4(PBu3)Br, and Mn(CO)3(PBu3)2Br. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Makedonas C, Mitsopoulou CA. Introduction of Modified Electronic Parameters – Searching for a Unified Ligand Properties Scale through the Electrophilicity Index Concept. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Bredenbeck J, Helbing J, Kolano C, Hamm P. Ultrafast 2D–IR Spectroscopy of Transient Species. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1747-56. [PMID: 17615613 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional spectroscopic experiments offer fascinating insights into molecular structure and dynamics in the field of NMR spectroscopy. With the introduction of ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR), multidimensional concepts have entered the optical domain, measuring couplings and correlations between molecular vibrations with femtosecond time resolution. In the transient 2D-IR (T2D-IR) experiments described in this minireview we exploit the high time resolution of 2D-IR to study transient species during fast nonequilibrium processes in real time. Information on molecular structure and dynamics is obtained that is not available from one-dimensional spectroscopy. We discuss examples from chemistry, physics and biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bredenbeck
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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33
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Yang CH, Cheng YM, Chi Y, Hsu CJ, Fang FC, Wong KT, Chou PT, Chang CH, Tsai MH, Wu CC. Blue-emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes suitable for high-efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2418-21. [PMID: 17318937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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34
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Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of tetracarbonyl(6-ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine)tungsten(0). J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Sato S, Sekine A, Ohashi Y, Ishitani O, Blanco-Rodríguez AM, Vlcek A, Unno T, Koike K. Photochemical Ligand Substitution Reactions of fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl] and Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:3531-40. [PMID: 17385851 DOI: 10.1021/ic0621603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excitation by high-energy light, such as that of 313 nm wavelength, induces a photochemical ligand substitution (PLS) reaction of fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl] (1a) to give the solvento complexes (OC-6-34)- and (OC-6-44)-[Re(bpy)(CO)2(MeCN)Cl] (2 and 3) in good yields. The disappearance quantum yield of 1a was 0.01+/-0.001 at 313 nm. The products were isolated, and X-ray crystallographic analysis was successfully performed for 2. Time-resolved IR measurements clearly indicated that the CO ligand dissociates with subpicosecond rates after excitation, leading to vibrationally hot photoproducts, which relax within 50-100 ps. Detailed studies of the reaction mechanism show that the PLS reaction of 1a does not proceed via the lowest vibrational level in the 3MLCT excited state. The PLS reaction gives 2 and (OC-6-24)-[Re(bpy)(CO)2(MeCN)Cl] (5) as primary products, and one of the products, 5, isomerizes to 3. This type of PLS reaction is more general, occurring in various fac-rhenium(I) diimine tricarbonyl complexes such as fac-[Re(X2bpy)(CO)3Cl] (X2bpy=4,4'-X2-bpy; X=MeO, NH2, CF3), fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(pyridine)]+, and fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(MeCN)]+. The stable photoproducts (OC-6-44)- and (OC-6-43)-[Re(bpy)(CO)2(MeCN)(pyridine)]+ and (OC-6-32)- and (OC-6-33)-[Re(bpy)(CO)2(MeCN)2]+ were isolated. The PLS reaction of rhenium tricarbonyl-diimine complexes is therefore applicable as a general synthetic method for novel dicarbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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36
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Yang CH, Cheng YM, Chi Y, Hsu CJ, Fang FC, Wong KT, Chou PT, Chang CH, Tsai MH, Wu CC. Blue-Emitting Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes Suitable for High-Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Butler JM, George MW, Schoonover JR, Dattelbaum DM, Meyer TJ. Application of transient infrared and near infrared spectroscopy to transition metal complex excited states and intermediates. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Vlček A, Záliš S. Modeling of charge-transfer transitions and excited states in d6 transition metal complexes by DFT techniques. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Abstract
This article presents general concepts that have guided important developments in our recent research progress regarding room-temperature phosphorescent dyes and their potential applications. We first elaborate the theoretical background for emissive metal complexes and the strategic design of the chelating C-linked 2-pyridylazolate ligands, followed by their feasibility in functionalization and modification in an aim to fine-tune the chemical and photophysical properties. Subsequently, incorporation of 2-pyridylazolate chromophores is illustrated in the synthesis of the highly emissive, charge-neutral Os, Ru, Ir, and Pt complexes. Insights into their photophysical properties are gained from spectroscopy, relaxation dynamics, and theoretical approaches, from which the lowest-lying excited states, competitive radiative decay, and radiationless processes are then analyzed in detail. In view of applications, their potentials for OLEDs have been evaluated. The results, in combination with the fundamental basis, give a conceptual design contributed to the future advances in the field of OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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40
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41
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Makedonas C, Veroni I, Mitsopoulou CA. Pentacarbonyl[2-(2′-pyridyl)quinoxaline-κN4]tungsten: A Combined Study of Its Conformational and Electronic Structure Based on Experimental and DFT-TDDFT Data. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Veroni I, Mitsopoulou CA, Lahoz FJ. Isolation, X-ray structure and properties of an unusual pentacarbonyl(2,2′-pyridyl-quinoxaline) tungsten complex. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Pereira CCL, Costa PJ, Calhorda MJ, Freire C, Rodrigues SS, Herdtweck E, Romão CC. Ring Slippage vs Charge Transfer in the Reductive Chemistry of [IndMo(CO)2(α-diimine)]+ Cations. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050986r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C. L. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Maria José Calhorda
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Cristina Freire
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Sandra S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
| | - Carlos C. Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal, Alfama, Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda., Taguspark, Núcleo central, 267,
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44
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Li EY, Cheng YM, Hsu CC, Chou PT, Lee GH, Lin IH, Chi Y, Liu CS. Neutral RuII-Based Emitting Materials: A Prototypical Study on Factors Governing Radiationless Transition in Phosphorescent Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:8041-51. [PMID: 16999401 DOI: 10.1021/ic060066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the metal-centered dd transition that is widely accepted as a dominant radiationless decay channel, other factors may also play important roles in governing the loss of phosphorescence efficiency for heavy-transition-metal complexes. To conduct our investigation, we synthesized two dicarbonylruthenium complexes with formulas [Ru(CO)2(BQ)2] (1) and [Ru(CO)2(DBQ)2] (2), for which the cyclometalated ligands BQ and DBQ denote benzo[h]quinoline and dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline, respectively. Replacing one CO ligand with a P donor ligand such as PPh2Me and PPhMe2 caused one cyclometalated ligand to undergo a 180 degrees rotation around the central metal atom, giving highly luminous metal complexes [Ru(CO)L(BQ)2] and [Ru(CO)L(DBQ)2], where L = PPh2Me and PPhMe2 (3-6), with emission peaks lambda(max) in the range of 571-656 nm measured in the fluid state at room temperature. It is notable that the S0-T1 energy gap for both 1 and 2 is much higher than that of 3-6, but the corresponding phosphorescent spectral intensity is much weaker. Using these cyclometalated Ru metal complexes as a prototype, our experimental results and theoretical analysis draw attention to the fact that, for complexes 1 and 2, the weaker spin-orbit coupling present within these molecules reduces the T1-S0 interaction, from which the thermally activated radiationless deactivation may take place. This, in combination with the much smaller 3MLCT contribution than that observed in 3-6, rationalizes the lack of room-temperature emission for complexes 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Y Li
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Osmium‐ and Ruthenium‐Based Phosphorescent Materials: Design, Photophysics, and Utilization in OLED Fabrication. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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An experimental and DFT computational study of a novel zerovalent tetracarbonyl tungsten complex of 2-(2′-pyridyl)quinoxaline. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang CH, Li SW, Chi Y, Cheng YM, Yeh YS, Chou PT, Lee GH, Wang CH, Shu CF. Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Displaying Blue Phosphorescence in Solution and Solid State at Room Temperature. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:7770-80. [PMID: 16241126 DOI: 10.1021/ic050311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic Ir(III) metal complexes 1-3 bearing two N-phenyl-substituted pyrazoles and one 2-pyridyl pyrazole (or triazole) ligands were synthesized and characterized to attain highly efficient, room-temperature blue phosphorescence. The N-phenylpyrazole ligands, dfpzH = 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyrazole, fpzH = 1-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole, dfmpzH = 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, and fmpzH = 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, show a similar reaction pattern with respect to the typical cyclometalated (C(wedge)N) chelate, which utilizes its ortho-substituted phenyl segment to link with the central Ir(III) atom, while the second 2-pyridylpyrazole (or triazole) ligand, namely, fppzH = 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, fptzH = 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)triazole, and hptzH = 3-(heptafluoropropyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)triazole, undergoes typical anionic (N--N) chelation to complete the octahedral framework. X-ray structural analyses on complexes [(dfpz)(2)Ir(fppz)] (1a) and [(fmpz)(2)Ir(hptz)] (3d) were established to confirm their molecular structures. Increases of the pipi energy gaps of the Ir(III) metal complexes were systematically achieved with two tuning strategies. One involves the substitution for one or two fluorine atoms at the N-phenyl segment or the introduction of two electron-releasing methyl substituents at the pyrazole segment of the H(C--N) ligands. Alternatively, we have applied the more electron-accepting triazolate in place of the pyrazolate segment for the third (N--N)H ligand. Our results, on the basis of steady-state, relaxation dynamics, and theoretical approaches, lead to a conclusion that, for complexes 1-3, the weakening of iridium metal-ligand bonding strength in the T(1) state plays a crucial role for the fast radiationless deactivation. For the case of [(fmpz)(2)Ir(hptz)] (3d), a thermal deactivation barrier of 4.8 kcal/mol was further deduced via temperature-dependent studies. The results provide a theoretical basis for future design and synthesis of the corresponding analogues suited to blue phosphorescent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Bridging diimino and ene-diamido ligands in binuclear compounds: structural and electronic features. CR CHIM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lehtovuori V, Myllyperkiö P, Linnanto J, Manzoni C, Polli D, Cerullo G, Haukka M, Korppi-Tommola J. Study of Mechanisms of Light-Induced Dissociation of Ru(dcbpy)(CO)2I2 in Solution down to 20 fs Time Resolution. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17538-44. [PMID: 16853243 DOI: 10.1021/jp044735s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of the light-induced ligand exchange reaction of (trans-I) Ru(dcbpy)(CO)2I2 (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine) in ethanol have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultraviolet 20 fs excitation pulses centered at 325 nm were used to populate a vibrationally hot excited pi bipyridyl state of the reactant that quickly relaxes to a dissociative Ru-I state resulting in the release of one of the carbonyl groups. Quantum yield measurements have indicated that about 40% of the initially exited reactant molecules form the final photoproduct. A 62 fs rise component in the transient absorption (TA) signal was observed at all probe wavelengths in the visible region for the ongoing reaction, while the rise for the photoproduct was pulse limited (20 fs). We assign the observed 62 fs time component to the depopulation of the repulsive CO dissociative state. Vibrational coherences of the TA signals were observed at a wavenumber of 90 cm(-1). The resolved frequency, typical of I-Ru-I vibrational modes, is assigned to trans-cis isomerization of the iodines of the five-coordinated intermediate and damping of this oscillation in 500 fs to simultaneous solvent coordination. Cooling of the hot reactant and the product molecules occurs on a much slower time scale from 4 to 270 ps (Lehtovuori, V.; Aumanen, J.; Myllyperkiö, P.; Rini, M.; Nibbering, E. T. J.; Korppi-Tommola, J. J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 1644).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Lehtovuori
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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