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Wei X, Zhang Y, Lin R, Zhu Q, Xie X, Zhang Y, Fang W, Chen Z. Transition-Metal-Free Late-Stage Decarboxylative gem-Difluoroallylation of Primary Alkyl Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:15234-15247. [PMID: 39377598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free late-stage decarboxylative gem-difluoroallylation of carboxylic acids with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been described by the use of organo-photoredox catalysis. Both primary alkyl and heteroaryl acids were readily incorporated. This approach merits feedstock materials, mild reaction conditions, and wide functionality tolerance. The synthetic utility of this approach has been highlighted by the late-stage functionalization of a variety of acid-containing natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Sathish K, Jain S, Sihag N, Yadav MR. gem-Difluoroallene (DFA): an emerging versatile synthetic precursor to enable diverse fluorinated molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:8078-8096. [PMID: 39311768 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are increasingly found in diverse fields, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. gem-Difluoroallenes, which have gem-difluoro alkenes and allenes-like properties, offer a distinct and adaptable platform for novel synthetic transformations. Their distinctiveness is highlighted by various strategies, where the gem-difluoro group's presence plays a pivotal role in successful reactions. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in utilizing gem-difluoroallenes for selective additions, defluorination, as well as cycloaddition and cyclization reactions. We also discuss the limitations and future directions in this area, inspiring further exploration and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sathish
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Naveen Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - M Ramu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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3
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Wang K, Cheng B, König B, Zhang D, Xu B, Wang S, Zhang G. Photocatalyzed 1,3-Bromodifluoroallylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with α-Trifluoromethylalkenes and KBr Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:6889-6893. [PMID: 39106520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein we unveil a visible-light-driven transition-metal-free 1,3-bromodifluoroallylation of [1.1.1]propellane. This reactivity is harnessed through organophotocatalysis, providing practical synthetic pathways to 1-brominated-3-gem-difluoroallylic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives, particularly derived from readily available α-trifluoromethylalkenes and inexpensive KBr salts utilized as precursors for bromine radicals. Mechanistic investigations reveal that bromide anions quench the excited state of the photocatalyst, leading to the formation of bromine radicals, which react in a strain-release radical addition process rather than hydrogen atom abstraction with [1.1.1]propellane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Beiyi Cheng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Duo Zhang
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, 545006, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, 545006, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Li R, Sun Z. Photocatalytic Synthesis of γ,γ-Difluoroallylic Ketones and δ,δ-Difluoroallylic Ketones via a Desulfurative/Defluorinative Alkylation Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:6424-6427. [PMID: 39041637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The gem-difluoroalkene moiety is frequently found in medicinal chemistry. From α-keton sulfides and thioic acids, we were able to develop a universal approach for the synthesis of γ,γ-difluoroallylic ketones and δ,δ-difluoroallylic ketones via a desulfurative/defluorinative alkylation process. We expect that this mild and efficient method will be complementary to other known strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyan Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruining Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhankui Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Zhu H, Dang Q, Wang Y, Niu D. Polarity-Matched Initiation of Radical-Polar Crossover Reactions for the Synthesis of C-Allyl Glycosides with gem-Difluoroalkene Groups. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10175-10179. [PMID: 38975890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a general method for the assembly of C-allyl glycosides containing gem-difluoroalkene groups via a radical-polar crossover strategy. Central to the success of this process is the polarity matching between the benzenesulfinate radical and the glycosyl donor, which facilitates the initiation of the glycosyl radical and the subsequent formation of gem-difluoroalkene sugar derivatives. This method demonstrated good compatibility with various glycosyl donors and functional groups. Furthermore, we showcase the utility of this method in modifying amino acids, potentially paving the way for analogous modifications to peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangping Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiudi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Lin Y, Wei X, Xie X, Lin R, Zhang Z, Fang W, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Hu MY, Cai L, Chen Z. Organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of ketone-derived dihydroquinazolinones via C(sp 3)-C bond and C(sp 3)-F bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5561-5568. [PMID: 38916128 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of both acyclic and cyclic ketone derivatives with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been demonstrated, thus giving access to a diverse set of gem-difluoroalkenes in moderate to high yields. Pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones can be either pre-formed or in situ generated for ketone activation. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and drug-like molecules as well as the in vitro antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Tianshuai Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yuqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- DreamChem (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 4, Haitai Development 2nd Road, Binhai High-tech Zone, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Lingchao Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
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7
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Ren M, Yu S, Li X, Yuan W, Lu J, Xiong Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wei J. Synthesis of gem-Difluorohomoallyl Amines via a Transition-Metal-Free Defluorinative Alkylation of Benzyl Amines with Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8342-8356. [PMID: 38819657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A mild and transition-metal-free defluorinative alkylation of benzyl amines with trifluoromethyl alkenes is reported. The features of this protocol are easy-to-obtain starting materials, a wide range of substrates, and functional group tolerance as well as high atom economy, thus offering a strategy to access a variety of gem-difluorohomoallyl amines, which are extensively distributed in pharmaceuticals and bioactive agents, with excellent chemoselectivity. The primary products can be further transformed to a diversity of 2-fluorinated pyrroline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ren
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shengjiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenlong Yuan
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 265500, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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8
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Chen D, Song ZJ, Yan S, Li G, Wang JY, Zhang Y. Photoinduced radical tandem annulation of 1,7-diynes: an approach for divergent assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones. Front Chem 2024; 12:1371978. [PMID: 38595704 PMCID: PMC11002210 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1371978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The first photocatalytic trichloromethyl radical-triggered annulative reactions of amide-linked 1,7-diynes with polyhalomethanes were established for the flexible assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones with generally acceptable yields. With the installation of the aryl group (R1) into the alkynyl moiety, C-center radical-initiated Kharasch-type addition/nucleophilic substitution/elimination cascade to produce quinolin-2(1H)-ones-incorporating gem-dihaloalkene, whereas three examples of polyhalogenated quinolin-2(1H)-ones were afforded when amide-linked 1,7-diynes bearing two terminal alkyne units were subjected to BrCX3 by exploiting dry acetonitrile as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Suga T, Takada R, Sakamoto M, Ukaji Y. Directing-Group-Assisted Non-Strained Ether C-O Bond Homolysis Mediated by Low-Valent Titanium. Org Lett 2024; 26:2315-2320. [PMID: 38456776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Ether C-O bonds are typical constituents of organic molecules that are seldom regarded as reactive functional groups except when highly strained. With the assistance of appropriate directing groups, low-valent titanium was found to homolytically cleave non-strained C-O bonds. In particular, a newly designed catechol monoether directing group rendered a route toward the activation of non-benzylic C(sp3)-O bonds. This method has been applied to conventional radical addition reactions to alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryusei Takada
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Sakamoto
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Lin R, Shan Y, Li Y, Wei X, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Gao Y, Fang W, Zhang JJ, Wu T, Cai L, Chen Z. Organo-Photoredox Catalyzed gem-Difluoroallylation of Glycine and Glycine Residue in Peptides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4056-4066. [PMID: 38449357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of glycine with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes via direct C(sp3)-H functionalization of glycine and C-F bond activation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been described. As a consequence, a broad range of gem-difluoroalkene-containing unnatural amino acids are afforded in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction exhibits multiple merits such as readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several peptides as well as the improved in vitro antifungal activity of compound 3v toward Valsa mali compared to that with commercial azoxystrobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yujie Shan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yuqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yiman Gao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Lingchao Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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11
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Wang JX, Fu MC, Yan LY, Lu X, Fu Y. Photoinduced Triphenylphosphine and Iodide Salt Promoted Reductive Decarboxylative Coupling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307241. [PMID: 38234213 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The transient electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex has been an emerging area in the photoinduced organic synthesis field, generating radicals without exogenous transition-metal or organic dye-based photoredox catalysts. The catalytic platform to form suitable photoactive EDA complexes for photochemical reduction reactions remains underdeveloped. Herein, a general photoinduced reductive alkylation via the EDA complex strategy is described. A simple yet multifunctional system, triphenylphosphine and iodide salt, promotes the photoinduced decarboxylative hydroalkylation, and reductive defluorinative decarboxylative alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes, to access trifluoromethyl alkanes and gem-difluoroalkenes. Moreover, decarboxylative hydroalkylation can be applied to more kinds of electron-deficient alkenes as a general Giese addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lu-Yu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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12
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Skibinska M, Warowicka A, Koroniak H, Cytlak T, Crousse B. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Antibacterial Activity of gem-Difluoroalkene, Difluoromethyl, and Trifluoromethyl β-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:692-696. [PMID: 38227548 PMCID: PMC10825868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
New gem-difluoroalkenes were synthesized by the dehydrofluorination of the corresponding 4-CF3-β-lactams. An unexpected rearrangement mechanism of the ester moiety dependent on a stabilizing negative charge was observed. Hydrogenation to 4-CHF2-β-lactams was successful from gem-difluoro-β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Skibinska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Faculty
of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Henryk Koroniak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cytlak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Benoît Crousse
- BioCIS
UMR 8076 CNRS, Building Henri Moissan, Université
Paris-Saclay, 17 avenue
des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
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13
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Shi Y, Nie J, Wu Z, Ji X, Huang H. Photoredox Enabled Defluorinative Benzylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Alkylarenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:100-105. [PMID: 38147046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoredox enabled defluorinative benzylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with readily available alkylarenes, which provides convenient access to a series of structurally valuable benzylated gem-difluoroalkenes under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic value of this protocol has been demonstrated by the transformations of several substrates bearing drug moieties, gram-scale reactions, and various further derivatizations of the gem-difluoroalkene products. The preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a reaction pathway with rate-determining benzyl C-H bond cleavage of toluene followed by benzylic radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jinhuan Nie
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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14
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Li W, Wang C, Xiao M, Cheng LJ. Copper-Catalyzed Protoarylation of gem-Difluoroallenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38181503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed protoarylation of gem-difluoroallenes with aryl boronic esters has been developed, enabling highly regioselective synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes in high yields. The mild reaction conditions allow for a variety of functional groups to be tolerated, and the reaction can be extended to protoalkenylation of gem-difluoroallenes. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in gram-scale operation as well as synthesis of chiral gem-difluoroalkenes bearing γ-carbon stereogenic centers in moderate enantioselectivity using a chiral bidentate phosphine ligand with a copper catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Fang W, Chen Z. Solvent-Controllable C-F Bond Activation for Masked Formylation of α-Trifluoromethyl Alkenes via Organo-Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:624-632. [PMID: 38115588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-controllable organo-photoredox-catalyzed C-F bond activation for masked formylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with low-priced 1,3-dioxolane as masked formyl radical equivalent has been described. Consequently, a diversity of masked formylated gem-difluoroalkenes and monofluoroalkenes are constructed in moderate to high yields. This approach merits readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this approach has been highlighted by the one-pot masked formylation/hydrolysis sequence to form γ,γ-difluoroallylic aldehydes and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical and natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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16
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Yi L, Zhu C, Chen X, Yue H, Ji T, Ma Y, Cao Y, Kancherla R, Rueping M. O-H bond activation of β,γ-unsaturated oximes via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and photoredox dual catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14271-14279. [PMID: 38098711 PMCID: PMC10718179 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and photoredox dual catalysis provides a unique opportunity in organic synthesis, enabling the direct activation of C/Si/S-H bonds. However, the activation of O-H bonds of β,γ-unsaturated oximes poses a challenge due to their relatively high redox potential, which exceeds the oxidizing capacity of most currently developed photocatalysts. We here demonstrate that the combination of HAT and photoredox catalysis allows the activation of O-H bond of β,γ-unsaturated oximes. The strategy effectively addresses the oxime's high redox potential and offers a universal pathway for iminoxyl radical formation. Leveraging the versatility of this approach, a diverse array of valuable heterocycles have been synthesized with the use of different radical acceptors. Mechanistic studies confirm a HAT process for the O-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yi
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tengfei Ji
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yiqiao Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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17
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Keasler KT, Zick ME, Stacy EE, Kim J, Lee JH, Aeindartehran L, Runčevski T, Milner PJ. Handling fluorinated gases as solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks. Science 2023; 381:1455-1461. [PMID: 37769097 PMCID: PMC10799685 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine is an increasingly common substituent in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals because it improves the bioavailability and metabolic stability of organic molecules. Fluorinated gases represent intuitive building blocks for the late-stage installation of fluorinated groups, but they are generally overlooked because they require the use of specialized equipment. We report a general strategy for handling fluorinated gases as benchtop-stable solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Gas-MOF reagents are prepared on gram-scale and used to facilitate fluorovinylation and fluoroalkylation reactions. Encapsulation of gas-MOF reagents within wax enables stable storage on the benchtop and controlled release into solution upon sonication, which represents a safer alternative to handling the gas directly. Furthermore, our approach enables high-throughput reaction development with these gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn T. Keasler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Mary E. Zick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Emily E. Stacy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lida Aeindartehran
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University; Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University; Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Phillip J. Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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18
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Xu Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Guo M, Lei A. Photo/Ni dual-catalyzed radical defluorinative sulfonylation to synthesize gem-difluoro allylsulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3707-3710. [PMID: 36912357 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical defluorinative functionalization of α-trifluoromethyl styrenes represents an effective way toward gem-difluoroalkenes. There are general interests in developing novel synthetic protocols for defluorinative functionalization with various types of radicals. However, reports on the preparation of gem-difluoro allylsulfones via an S-centered radical pathway are limited. Herein, we developed a photo/nickel dual-catalyzed defluorinative sulfonylation that rapidly and reliably synthesizes gem-difluoro allylsulfones. The merit of this protocol is exhibited by its mild conditions and wide scope, thus providing a novel strategy for the sulfonyl radical participating in radical defluorinative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Mian Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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19
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Zhang G, Wang L, Cui L, Gao P, Chen F. Deaminative defluoroalkylation of α-trifluoromethylalkenes enabled by photoredox catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:294-299. [PMID: 36510767 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a new photoredox-catalysed strategy to access gem-difluoroallylarenes from α-trifluoromethylalkenes with sterically hindered primary amines via C-N and C-F bond activation. This deaminative and defluorinative allylation is generally compatible with diverse functional groups and sterically hindered α-3° and 2° primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Liping Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Pan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
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20
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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21
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Zhao Y, Empel C, Liang W, Koenigs RM, Patureau FW. Gem-Difluoroallylation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:8753-8758. [PMID: 36440861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented photochemical late-stage defluorinative gem-difluoroallylation of aryl sulfonium salts, which are formed site-selectively by direct C(sp2)─H functionalization, is herein disclosed. This method is distinguished by its mild reaction conditions, wide scope, and excellent site-selectivity. As showcase examples, a Flurbiprofen and Pyriproxyfen derivatives could be late stage C(sp2)─H gem-difluoroallylated with high yields. Experimental and computational investigations were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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22
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Diverse reactivity of the gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt for direct incorporation of the difluoroethylene group into N- and O-nucleophiles. Commun Chem 2022; 5:167. [PMID: 36697903 PMCID: PMC9814539 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of gem-difluoroethylene compounds remains a difficult task in organic synthesis. Here, the direct difluoroethylation reactions of N- and O-nucleophiles including amides and acids were realized with a hypervalent iodine reagent: gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt (DFVI). The reactions were accomplished via a neighbouring group rearrangement. The gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt was found to display diverse reactivity due to its unique electronic effect and was applied to the incorporation of difluoroethylene group, including difluorovinylation of carboxylic acids, difluorovinylation and 1,3-cyclic fluorovinylation of amides and 1,1-cyclic difluoroethylation of amines.
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23
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Gavin JT, Belli RG, Roberts CC. Radical-Polar Crossover Catalysis with a d 0 Metal Enabled by a Redox-Active Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21431-21436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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24
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Liu J, Hong Y, Liu YL, Tan JY, Liu HM, Dai GL, Chen SL, Liu T, Li JH, Tang S. Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type C(sp 3)–C(sp 2) Coupling Cascades Enabled by Bromoalkane-Directed 1,4-Aryl Shift: Access to Olefinated Arylalanines. Org Lett 2022; 24:8192-8196. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Yu Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Yin-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Jing-Ying Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Hao-Miao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Gang-Liang Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
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25
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Wang H, Li J, Peng L, Song J, Guo C. Cu-Catalyzed Switchable Asymmetric Defluoroalkylation and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Trifluoropropene. Org Lett 2022; 24:7828-7833. [PMID: 36264023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chiral fluorinated amino esters and pyrrolidines are privileged scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and exhibit unique biological properties. We report the facile preparation of these compounds through copper-catalyzed switchable defluoroalkylation and [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoropropene in an asymmetric fashion. The choice of solvent and chiral ligand was crucial for the efficient transformation and exquisite chemoselectivity pattern from identical starting materials that rapidly and reliably incorporate gem-difluoroalkene and trifluoromethyl (CF3) motifs to generate a diverse range of enantioenriched fluorinated building blocks in good to excellent yields with high asymmetric induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lingzi Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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26
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Chen L, Wang J, Lin C, Zhu Y, Du D. CF 2Br 2 as a Source for Difluoroolefination of 1,3-Enynes via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7047-7051. [PMID: 36121666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available CF2Br2 has been used as a convenient source for the rapid and reliable incorporation of the gem-difluorovinyl motif into an allene framework via an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed difluoroolefination of 1,3-enynes. The reaction proceeds through a cascade three-component radical relay/elimination process. This protocol is distinguished by its mild conditions, readily accessible starting materials, wide substrate scope, and ease of late-stage functionalization, thus unlocking an untraditional strategy to construct a new class of functionalized gem-difluorovinyl allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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27
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Xu P, Daniliuc CG, Bergander K, Stein C, Studer A. Synthesis of Five-Membered Ring Systems Bearing gem-Difluoroalkenyl and Monofluoroalkenyl Substituents via Radical β-Bromo Fragmentation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
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28
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Yen-Pon E, Li L, Levitre G, Majhi J, McClain EJ, Voight EA, Crane EA, Molander GA. On-DNA Hydroalkylation to Introduce Diverse Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and Abundant Alkyls via Halogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12184-12191. [PMID: 35759692 PMCID: PMC10412002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries have proven their tremendous value in the identification of new lead compounds for drug discovery. To access libraries in new chemical space, many methods have emerged to transpose traditional mol-scale reactivity to nmol-scale, on-DNA chemistry. However, procedures to access libraries with a greater fraction of C(sp3) content are still limited, and the need to "escape from flatland" more readily on-DNA remains. Herein, we report a Giese addition to install highly functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) using tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) as a radical linchpin, as well as other diverse alkyl groups, on-DNA from the corresponding organohalides as non-stabilized radical precursors. Telescoped procedures allow extension of the substrate pool by at least an order of magnitude to ubiquitous alcohols and carboxylic acids, allowing us to "upcycle" these abundant feedstocks to afford non-traditional libraries with different physicochemical properties for the small-molecule products (i.e., non-peptide libraries with acids). This approach is amenable to library production, as a DNA damage assessment revealed good PCR amplifiability and only 6% mutated sequences for a full-length DNA tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Expédite Yen-Pon
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Edward J. McClain
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Eric A. Voight
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Erika A. Crane
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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29
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Wu MC, Chen YX, Li MZ, Xiao JA, Ye ZP, Guan JP, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photocatalyzed Defluorinative Dichloromethylation of α-CF 3 Alkenes Using CHCl 3 as the Radical Source. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6354-6363. [PMID: 35723452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced defluorinative dichloromethylation of α-CF3 alkenes was developed with cheap and readily accessible chloroform simultaneously as a dichloromethylation reagent and reaction medium, leading to the facile preparation of new polyhalogenated scaffolds. Notably, the change from CHCl3 to CDCl3 offers a straightforward pathway for accessing the deuterated analogues with excellent degrees of D incorporation. Mechanistic studies suggested the reaction underwent a radical addition of the dichloromethyl radical with alkenes, followed by sequential single-electron transfer and defluorination. This protocol features mild conditions, easy operation, facile scalability, and high efficiency, allowing convenient access to dichloronated gem-difluoroalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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30
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Luo C, Zhou Y, Chen H, Wang T, Zhang ZB, Han P, Jing LH. Photoredox Metal-Free Allylic Defluorinative Silylation of α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes with Hydrosilanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4286-4291. [PMID: 35674520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient strategy that combines organic photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer to deliver gem-difluoroallylsilanes via defluorinative silylation of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes using hydrosilanes as silicon sources. This protocol provides an environmentally friendly approach for the preparation of structurally diverse gem-difluoroallylsilanes with excellent functional group compatibility and renders it suitable for late-stage modification of bioactive and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
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31
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Wang Q, Yue L, Bao Y, Wang Y, Kang D, Gao Y, Yuan Z. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Tertiary Alcohols in Photoredox-Catalyzed gem-Difluoroallylation To Construct All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8237-8247. [PMID: 35612278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Construction of challenging and important all-carbon quaternary centers has received growing attention. Herein, with oxalates as activating groups for tertiary alcohols, we report photoredox-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation to construct all-carbon quaternary centers enabled by efficient tertiary radical addition to α-trifluoromethyl alkenes. This transformation shows good functional group tolerance for both α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and oxalates. Moreover, this strategy is also successfully applied to the synthesis of monofluoralkenes from the corresponding electron-rich gem-difluoroalkenes and cesium tertiary alkyl oxalates under modified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Danni Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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32
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He X, Liu J, Chen G, Xiong B, Xiao X, Chen L, Zhang X, Dong L, Ma X, Lian Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions between Allylic Acetates and gem-Difluorovinyl Tosylate. Org Lett 2022; 24:3538-3543. [PMID: 35511450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of allylic acetates and gem-difluorovinyl tosylate is presented, which first achieves allylic gem-difluoroolefins via C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-electrophile coupling. In addition, this protocol was performed under mild reaction conditions, affording a variety of allylic gem-difluorovinyl arenes in moderate to good yields. Moreover, both linear and branched allylic acetate could produce a linear cross-coupling product exclusively. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction involves two different Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun He
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xiao
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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33
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Qiu J, Wang C, Zhou L, Lou Y, Yang K, Song Q. Ni-Catalyzed Radical-Promoted Defluoroalkylborylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes To Access gem-Difluorohomoallylic Boronates. Org Lett 2022; 24:2446-2451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cece Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixian Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
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34
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35
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Niu Y, Cao CK, Ge C, Qu H, Chen C. The Pd-catalyzed synthesis of difluoroethyl and difluorovinyl compounds with a chlorodifluoroethyl iodonium salt (CDFI). CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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37
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Xiao J, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Defluorinative Coupling of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2463-2471. [PMID: 35992737 PMCID: PMC9390876 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure is reported for the nickel-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of unactivated aliphatic aldehydes. The process involves the catalytic reductive union of trifluoromethyl alkenes with aldehydes using a nickel complex of a 6,6'-disubstituted bipyridine ligand with zinc metal as the terminal reductant. The protocol is distinguished by its broad substrate scope, mild conditions, and simple catalytic setup. Reaction outcomes are consistent with the intermediacy of an α-silyloxy(alkyl)nickel intermediate generated by a low-valent nickel catalyst, silyl electrophile, and the aldehyde substrate. Mechanistic findings with cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde provide insights into nature of the reactive intermediates and illustrate fundamental reactivity differences that are governed by subtle changes in ligand and substrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Montgomery
- Corresponding authors: John Montgomery - Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA,
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38
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Wang JX, Ge W, Fu MC, Fu Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Allylic Defluorinative Alkoxycarbonylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes through Intermolecular Alkoxycarbonyl Radical Addition. Org Lett 2022; 24:1471-1475. [PMID: 35167309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gem-difluoroalkene moiety is an ideal carbonyl bioisostere in medicinal chemistry, but efficient synthesis of β-gem-difluoroalkene esters remains challenging so far. Herein, we disclose a photoredox-catalyzed allylic defluorinative alkoxycarbonylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes enabled by intermolecular alkoxycarbonyl radical addition. A wide variety of alcohol oxalate derivatives were amenable, affording various β-gem-difluoroalkene esters with excellent functional group tolerance. Notably, the potential synthetic value of this method is highlighted by successful late-stage modification for bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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39
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Yan S, Yu W, Zhang J, Fan H, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Wang T. Access to gem-Difluoroalkenes via Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed gem-Difluoroallylation of Alkyl Iodides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1574-1584. [PMID: 34964644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An organic photoredox-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with alkyl iodides via C-F bond cleavage for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkene derivatives is reported. This transition-metal-free transformation utilized a readily available organic dye 4CzIPN as the sole photocatalyst and employed a common chemical N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine as the radical activator of alkyl iodides via halogen-atom transfer. In addition, a variety of iodides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides, were tolerated and provided good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
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40
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Gates AM, Jos S, Santos WL. Ligand-free copper-catalyzed borylative defluorination: access to gem-difluoroallyl boronic acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:366-374. [PMID: 34605836 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a ligand-free copper-catalyzed β-borylation, defluorination of β-substituted, α-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated esters. The reaction affords geminal-difluoroallyl boronic acid derivatives in moderate to good yield. The reaction was tolerant of various substrates, and the utility of products was demonstrated in the defluorinative functionalization of the difluoroalkene to afford enol ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Swetha Jos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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41
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Sun H, Xiong B, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Lian Z. gem-Difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenes via dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed gem-difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenes is presented. This method proceeds smoothly to afford various dihydrobenzofuran compounds containing gem-difluorovinyl fragments with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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42
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Xu W, Xia C, Shao Q, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhang H, Wu M. Visible-light-induced transition-metal-free defluorosilylation of α-trifluoromethylalkenes via hydrogen atom transfer of silanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and feasible synthetic protocol for silyl gem-difluoroalkenes was developed using α-trifluoromethylalkenes and silanes via the synergistic combination of photoredox and hydrogen-atom transfer catalysis under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Xu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Congjian Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Liu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (China East), 266580, Qingdao, P. R. China
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43
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Zhang H, Liang M, Zhang X, He MK, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Electrochemical synthesis of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with diverse alkyl sources via a defluorinative alkylation process. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical defluorinative alkylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes is described. This reaction enables the preparation of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with diverse alkyl sources including organohalides, NHP esters, and Katritzky salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengze Liang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Meng-Ke He
- Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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44
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Li CY, Ma Y, Lei ZW, Hu XG. Glycosyl-Radical-Based Synthesis of C-Alkyl Glycosides via Photomediated Defluorinative gem-Difluoroallylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:8899-8904. [PMID: 34726057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a stereoselective, glycosyl radical-based method for the synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides via a photomediated defluorinative gem-difluoroallylation reaction. We demonstrate for the first time that glycosyl radicals, generated from glycosyl bromides, can readily participate in a photomediated radical polar crossover process, affording a diverse array of gem-difluoroalkene containing C-glycosides. Notable features of this method include scalability, mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and suitability for the late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yue Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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45
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Sang J, Feng L, Hu R, Chen J, Shang D, Bao Q, Rao W. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed C2-Selective Cyanation/Defluorination Cascade of Perfluoroalkylated 3-Indolylmethanols and Application to the Synthesis of 3-Fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7666-7671. [PMID: 34543569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C2-selective cyanation/defluorination cascade of perfluoroalkylated 3-indolylmethanols with TMSCN is described, which provides a novel and practical strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse 3-(2-cyano)-indolyl substituted gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes. The reaction features excellent regio- and stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope. Notably, the obtained gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes could be easily transformed into 3-fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines with excellent efficiency simply by treating them with Grignard reagents or DIBAL-H under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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46
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Guo Y, Cao Y, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Photoredox relay-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of alkyl iodides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9768-9771. [PMID: 34486611 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new example of relay catalysis, using a combination of Mn2(CO)10 and an iridium-based photocatalyst, is reported. In our relay catalytic reaction, the Mn catalyst and iridium-based photocatalyst catalyze the reaction at different stages in the desired sequence under the same reaction conditions, and do not inhibit each other. This convenient method transforms a broad scope of alkyl iodides into the corresponding gem-difluoroalkenes via C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond construction. The protocol has good functional group tolerance and is suitable for the late-stage modification of multifunctional complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Badir SO, Lipp A, Krumb M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Kammer LM, Wu VE, Huang M, Csakai A, Marcaurelle LA, Molander GA. Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12036-12045. [PMID: 34667569 PMCID: PMC8457374 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology features a time- and cost-effective interrogation format for the discovery of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. To develop DEL platforms, the implementation of water-compatible transformations that facilitate the incorporation of multifunctional building blocks (BBs) with high C(sp3) carbon counts is integral for success. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom termination through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. In a further photoredox-catalyzed hydroarylation protocol, the coupling of functionalized, electronically unbiased olefins is achieved under air and within minutes of blue light irradiation through the intermediacy of reactive (hetero)aryl radical species with full retention of the DNA tag integrity. Notably, these processes operate under mild reaction conditions, furnishing complex structural scaffolds with a high density of pendant functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Victoria E Wu
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Adam Csakai
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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48
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Carreras V, Ollevier T. Fluoride-Triggered Synthesis of 1-Aryl-2,2-difluoroalkenes via Desilylative Defluorination of (1-Aryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-silanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13160-13168. [PMID: 34478290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route for the synthesis of 1-aryl-2,2-difluoroalkenes via 1,2-desilylative defluorination is disclosed. Only a catalytic amount of fluoride source is required to initiate the desilylation and afford gem-difluoroalkenes in very good to quantitative yields, using mild reaction conditions in dimethyl carbonate as a green solvent. This reaction uses (1-aryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-silanes, which are easily prepared via the insertion reaction of trifluoroethyl diazo alkanes into the Si-H bond of tertiary organosilanes. (1-Aryl)-perfluoroalkyl-silanes cleanly afford the corresponding (Z)-1-benzylideneperfluoroalkanes, which upon hydrodefluorination furnish the (E)-β(perfluoroalkyl)styrene derivatives with excellent yield and complete stereoselectivity. A one-pot system involving sequential insertion and desilylative-defluorination is also suitable for this transformation. This method demonstrates the usefulness of organosilanes toward the preparation of fluorinated alkenes as synthetically useful targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carreras
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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49
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Pan Q, Ping Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Kong W. Ni-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Reductive Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10282-10291. [PMID: 34162201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes involving intramolecular Heck cyclization followed by intermolecular cross-coupling has emerged as a powerful engine for building heterocycles with sterically congested quaternary carbon centers. However, only exo-cyclization/cross-coupling products can be obtained; endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling has not been reported yet and still poses a formidable challenge. We herein report the first example of catalyst-controlled dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes for the regiodivergent synthesis of five- and six-membered benzo-fused lactams bearing all-carbon quaternary centers. Using a chiral Pyrox- or Phox-type bidentate ligand, 5-exo cyclization/cross-couplings proceed favorably to produce indole-2-ones in good yields with excellent regioselectivity and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). When C6-carboxylic acid-modified 2,2'-bipyridine was used as the ligand, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones were obtained in good yields through 6-endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling processes. This transformation is modular and tolerant of a variety of functional groups. The ligand rather than the substrate structures precisely dictates the regioselectivity pattern. Moreover, the synthetic value of this regiodivergent protocol was demonstrated by the preparation of biologically relevant molecules and structural scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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50
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Guo J, Zhang D, Wang X. Mechanistic insights into Ni-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-triggered hydrodefluorination of CF 3-substituted alkenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9026-9030. [PMID: 34160498 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first computational study on a nickel hydride HAT-initiated catalytic reaction, a novel hydrodefluorination of CF3-substituted aryl alkenes to afford gem-difluoroalkenes. This study provides detailed mechanistic insights into the reaction, including HAT from NiH to C[double bond, length as m-dash]C, a carbon radical rebound to nickel to facilitate chemoselective defluorination, and a two-state reactivity of Ni(ii) enabling σ-bond metathesis with PhSiH3 to regenerate the catalyst. The findings can have implications for developing new metal hydride HAT-initiated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Guo
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, USA.
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