1
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Pal S, Nozaki K, Vedernikov AN, Love JA. Reversible Pt II-CH 3 deuteration without methane loss: metal-ligand cooperation vs. ligand-assisted Pt II-protonation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2960-2969. [PMID: 34164064 PMCID: PMC8179389 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-pyridyl)ketone dimethylplatinum(ii), (dpk)PtII(CH3)2, reacts with CD3OD at 25 °C to undergo complete deuteration of Pt-CH3 fragments in ∼5 h without loss of methane to form (dpk)PtII(CD3)2 in virtually quantitative yield. The deuteration can be reversed by dissolution in CH3OH or CD3OH. Kinetic analysis and isotope effects, together with support from density functional theory calculations indicate a metal-ligand cooperative mechanism wherein DPK enables Pt-CH3 deuteration by allowing non-rate-limiting protonation of PtII by CD3OD. In contrast, other model di(2-pyridyl) ligands enable rate-limiting protonation of PtII, resulting in non-rate-limiting C-H(D) reductive coupling. Owing to its electron-poor nature, following complete deuteration, DPK can be dissociated from the PtII-centre, furnishing [(CD3)2PtII(μ-SMe2)]2 as the perdeutero analogue of [(CH3)2PtII(μ-SMe2)]2, a commonly used PtII-precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinwantu Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Andrei N Vedernikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Jennifer A Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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2
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Iron MA, Janes T. Evaluating Transition Metal Barrier Heights with the Latest Density Functional Theory Exchange-Correlation Functionals: The MOBH35 Benchmark Database. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3761-3781. [PMID: 30973722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new database of transition metal reaction barrier heights (MOBH35) is presented. Benchmark energies (forward and reverse barriers and reaction energy) are calculated using DLPNO-CCSD(T) extrapolated to the complete basis set limit using a Weizmann-1-like scheme. Using these benchmark energies, the performance of a wide selection of density functional theory (DFT) exchange-correlation functionals, including the latest from the Martin, Truhlar, and Head-Gordon groups, is evaluated. It was found, using the def2-TZVPP basis set, that the ωB97M-V (MAD 1.7 kcal/mol), ωB97M-D3BJ (MAD 1.9 kcal/mol), ωB97X-V (MAD 2.0 kcal/mol), and revTPSS0-D4 (MAD 2.2 kcal/mol) hybrid functionals are recommended. The double-hybrid functionals B2K-PLYP (MAD 1.7 kcal/mol) and revDOD-PBEP86-D4 (MAD 1.8 kcal/mol) also performed well, but this has to be balanced by their increased computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Iron
- Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel 7610001
| | - Trevor Janes
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel 7610001
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3
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Carlsen R, Jenkins JR, Huang TCJ, Pugh SL, Ess DH. Paddle Ball Dynamics during Conversion of a Rh–Methyl Hydride Complex to a Rh–Methane σ-Complex through Reductive Coupling. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Carlsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jordan R. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Tsung-Chiang Johnny Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Samuel L. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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4
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Campos J, López-Serrano J, Peloso R, Carmona E. Methyl Complexes of the Transition Metals. Chemistry 2016; 22:6432-57. [PMID: 26991740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic chemistry can be considered as a wide area of knowledge that combines concepts of classic organic chemistry, that is, based essentially on carbon, with molecular inorganic chemistry, especially with coordination compounds. Transition-metal methyl complexes probably represent the simplest and most fundamental way to view how these two major areas of chemistry combine and merge into novel species with intriguing features in terms of reactivity, structure, and bonding. Citing more than 500 bibliographic references, this review aims to offer a concise view of recent advances in the field of transition-metal complexes containing M-CH3 fragments. Taking into account the impressive amount of data that are continuously provided by organometallic chemists in this area, this review is mainly focused on results of the last five years. After a panoramic overview on M-CH3 compounds of Groups 3 to 11, which includes the most recent landmark findings in this area, two further sections are dedicated to methyl-bridged complexes and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química, Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química, Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química, Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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5
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McKeown BA, Lee JP, Mei J, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Transition Metal Mediated C-H Activation and Functionalization: The Role of Poly(pyrazolyl)borate and Poly(pyrazolyl)alkane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. McKeown
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - John P. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; 37403 Chattanooga TN USA
| | - Jiajun Mei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM); Department of Chemistry; University of North Texas; 76203 Denton TX USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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6
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González-García N, Pu J, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM, Truhlar DG. Searching for Saddle Points by Using the Nudged Elastic Band Method: An Implementation for Gas-Phase Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 2:895-904. [PMID: 26633048 DOI: 10.1021/ct060032y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new implementation of the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) optimization method is presented. This approach uses a global procedure that yields the whole reaction path, and thus it provides an alternative to the sequential optimization of the transition state and consequent calculation of the minimum energy path. Furthermore the algorithm is very useful when one is not sure if a saddle point exists, because it can be used to eliminate the possibility of a saddle point when one does not exist. Three different versions of the NEB algorithm have been implemented. The influences of various parameters and methodological choices on the performance of the method have been studied, and the quality of the results is assessed by comparison with the saddle point and minimum energy path calculations sequential method. Recommendations are made for algorithmic choices and default parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria González-García
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
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7
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Couzijn EPA, Kobylianskii IJ, Moret ME, Chen P. Experimental Gas-Phase Thermochemistry for Alkane Reductive Elimination from Pt(IV). Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500478y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. A. Couzijn
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilia J. Kobylianskii
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Ortuño MA, Conejero S, Lledós A. True and masked three-coordinate T-shaped platinum(II) intermediates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1352-82. [PMID: 23946831 PMCID: PMC3740817 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although four-coordinate square-planar geometries, with a formally 16-electron counting, are absolutely dominant in isolated Pt(II) complexes, three-coordinate, 14-electron Pt(II) complexes are believed to be key intermediates in a number of platinum-mediated organometallic transformations. Although very few authenticated three-coordinate Pt(II) complexes have been characterized, a much larger number of complexes can be described as operationally three-coordinate in a kinetic sense. In these compounds, which we have called masked T-shaped complexes, the fourth position is occupied by a very weak ligand (agostic bond, solvent molecule or counteranion), which can be easily displaced. This review summarizes the structural features of the true and masked T-shaped Pt(II) complexes reported so far and describes synthetic strategies employed for their formation. Moreover, recent experimental and theoretical reports are analyzed, which suggest the involvement of such intermediates in reaction mechanisms, particularly C-H bond-activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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10
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Serra D, Moret ME, Chen P. Transmetalation of Methyl Groups Supported by PtII–AuI Bonds in the Gas Phase, in Silico, and in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8914-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110405q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serra
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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11
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Butschke B, Schwarz H. Thermal C−H Bond Activation of Benzene, Toluene, and Methane with Cationic [M(X)(bipy)]+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = CH3, Cl; bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine): A Mechanistic Study. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Ghosh MK, Tilset M, Venugopal A, Heyn RH, Swang O. Ping-Pong at Gold: Proton Jump Between Coordinated Phenyl and η1-Benzene Ligands, A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8135-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manik Kumer Ghosh
- Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard H. Heyn
- Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Swang
- Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Poverenov E, Iron MA, Gandelman M, Ben‐David Y, Milstein D. Anionic d
8
Alkyl Hydrides – Selective Formation and Reactivity of Anionic
cis
‐Pt
II
Methyl Hydride. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poverenov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Fax: +972‐8 934 4142
| | - Mark A. Iron
- Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Fax: +972‐8 934 4142
- Current address: Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 32000
| | - Yehoshoa Ben‐David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Fax: +972‐8 934 4142
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Fax: +972‐8 934 4142
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14
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Couzijn E, Zocher E, Bach A, Chen P. Gas-Phase Energetics of Reductive Elimination from a Palladium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Chemistry 2010; 16:5408-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Balcells D, Clot E, Eisenstein O. C—H Bond Activation in Transition Metal Species from a Computational Perspective. Chem Rev 2010; 110:749-823. [PMID: 20067255 DOI: 10.1021/cr900315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Balcells
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
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16
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Kats L, Maimon E, Meyerstein D. Substantial Inverse Isotope Effects in the Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from [(L)ClRhIIIH/D]+Macrocyclic Complexes by Methyl Radicals in Aqueous Solutions. Chemistry 2010; 16:460-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Crossley IR. The Organometallic Chemistry of Group 10 Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374784-6.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Butschke B, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Thermal C−H Bond Activation of Benzene with Cationic [Pt(CX3)(L)]+ Complexes in the Gas Phase: A Combined Experimental/Theoretical Study (X = H, D; L = 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2′-Bipyrimidine, 2,2′-Bipyridine, and (o,o′-Cl2C6H3)N═C(CH3)−C(CH3)═N(o,o′-Cl2C6H3)). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Bernskoetter WH, Hanson SK, Buzak SK, Davis Z, White PS, Swartz R, Goldberg KI, Brookhart M. Investigations of Iridium-Mediated Reversible C−H Bond Cleavage: Characterization of a 16-Electron Iridium(III) Methyl Hydride Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8603-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley H. Bernskoetter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Susan Kloek Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Sara K. Buzak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Zoe Davis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Peter S. White
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Rodney Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
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20
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Esswein AJ, Veige AS, Piccoli PMB, Schultz AJ, Nocera DG. Intramolecular C−H Bond Activation and Redox Isomerization across Two-Electron Mixed Valence Diiridium Cores. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om7007748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Esswein
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4814
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4814
| | - Paula M. B. Piccoli
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4814
| | - Arthur J. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4814
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4814
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21
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Li JL, Geng CY, Huang XR, Zhang X, Sun CC. Theoretical Elucidation of the Platinum-Mediated Arene C−H Activation Reactions. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ri Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chung Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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22
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Lo HC, Iron MA, Martin JML, Keinan E. Proton Walk in the Aqueous Platinum Complex [TpPtMeCO] via a Sticky σ-Methane Ligand. Chemistry 2007; 13:2812-23. [PMID: 17236226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both experimental and theoretical evidence suggest that the proton exchange between water and the methyl group in [TpPt(CO)CH(3)] (1, Tp=hydridotripyrazolylborate) involves the formation and deprotonation of a "sticky" sigma-methane ligand. The efficiency of this nontrivial process has been attributed to the spatial orientation of functional groups that operate in concert to activate a water molecule and then achieve a multistep proton walk from water to an uncoordinated pyrazolyl nitrogen atom, to the methyl ligand, and then back to the nitrogen atom and water. The overall proton-exchange process has been proposed to involve an initial attack of water at the CO ligand in 1 with concerted deprotonation by the uncoordinated pyrazolyl nitrogen atom. The pyrazolium proton is then transferred to the Pt--CH(3) bond, leading to a sigma-methane intermediate. Subsequent rotation and deprotonation of the sigma-methane ligand, followed by reformation of 1 and water, result in scrambling of the methyl protons with the hydrogen atoms of water. An alternative two-step process that involves oxidative addition and reductive elimination has also been considered. The two competing mechanistic routes from 1 into [D(3)]-1, as well as the conversion of 1 into [TpPt(CH(3))H(2)] (2), have been examined by density functional theory (DFT) using a variety of exchange-correlation methods, primarily PW6B95, which was recently shown to be highly accurate for evaluating reactions of late-transition-metal complexes. The key role played by the free pyrazolyl nitrogen atom, acting as a proton carrier that abstracts a proton from water and transfers the proton to the Pt--CH(3) bond, is reminiscent of the dual functionality of histidine in the catalytic triad of natural serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christine Lo
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Henon E, Bercier A, Plantier-Royon R, Harakat D, Portella C. Compared Behavior of 5-Deoxy-5-iodo-d-xylo- and l-Arabinofuranosides in the Reductive Elimination Reaction: A Strong Dependence on Structural Parameters and on the Presence of Zn2+. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2271-8. [PMID: 17346081 DOI: 10.1021/jo0614590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of a project devoted to the chemical transformation of monosaccharides from hemicelluloses into higher added value materials, the zinc-induced reductive elimination from 5-deoxy-5-iodo derivatives of D-xylose and L-arabinose was carried out. This study gave us the opportunity to observe surprising behaviors. In particular, the reaction strongly depends on structural parameters (protecting group pattern, configuration at C-4) and on the presence of Zn2+ ions. Collaterally with the experimental work, water solvent PCM HF-DFT (MPW1K/LANL2DZ) computations were performed to obtain insight into the mechanism for the reductive part of the reaction sequence. Without Zn2+, the zinc insertion reaction was found to proceed through a concerted but non-synchronous process involving a relatively large energy barrier (32 kcal mol-1) that directly leads to the presumed organozinc intermediate. In the presence of Zn2+, a three-step mechanism was identified in which the cation coordinates the anomeric and ring oxygen atoms and also the sugar iodine atom, causing an activating effect on the zinc insertion process by facilitating the homolytic rupture of the C-I bond. Complexes between zinc and Zn2+ bound carbohydrates were characterized with large stabilization energies, suggesting that Zn2+ might enhance the affinity of the organic compound with the zinc metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Henon
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), UMR CNRS 6089, U.F.R Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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24
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Michel C, Laio A, Mohamed F, Krack M, Parrinello M, Milet A. Free Energy ab Initio Metadynamics: A New Tool for the Theoretical Study of Organometallic Reactivity? Example of the C−C and C−H Reductive Eliminations from Platinum(IV) Complexes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Michel
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Laio
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Fawzi Mohamed
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Krack
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Parrinello
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne Milet
- LEDSS, UMR 5616 FR2607, University Joseph Fourier-CNRS, 301 rue de la Chimie DU BP, 53 F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Computational Science and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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25
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Hoffmann M, Marciniec B. Quantum chemical study of the mechanism of ethylene elimination in silylative coupling of olefins. J Mol Model 2007; 13:477-83. [PMID: 17216286 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Silylative coupling of olefins differs from olefin metathesis. Although in both these reactions ruthenium catalysts play a crucial role and ethylene product is detected, ruthenium-carbene intermediate is formed only in the course of the metathesis reaction. In this study quantum chemical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) have been carried out in order to examine the mechanism of the silylative coupling of olefins leading to ethylene elimination. In the first step of the catalytic cycle, a hydrogen atom from the ruthenium catalytic center is transferred preferentially to the carbon atom bound to Si in a vinylsilane. This H transfer is coupled with the formation of Ru-C bond. Next, the rotation around the newly formed C-C single bond occurs so that silicon atom is placed in the vicinity of the ruthenium center. The following step involves the migration of a silyl moiety, and leads to Ru-Si bond formation, coupled with ethylene elimination. The next reaction, that is the insertion of ethylene (alkene) into Ru-Si bond, has an activation barrier almost as high as the reaction of ethylene elimination. However, the posibility of removing gaseous ethylene from the reactive mixture together with the entropic fators suggests that the insertion of alkene that is larger than C(2)H(4) is the rate limiting step in the silylative coupling of olefins. It also suggests that the substituents attached to the silicon atom or the carbon atoms of an alkene by electronic and steric effects may significantly affect silyl migration and thus the effectiveness of the catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland.
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26
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Parkin G. Applications of deuterium isotope effects for probing aspects of reactions involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination of H–H and C–H bonds. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Fomine S, Tlenkopatchev MA. Cross-metathesis of dimethyl maleate and ethylene catalyzed by second generation ruthenium carbene complexes: B3LYP and MPW1K comparison study. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Ben-Ari E, Cohen R, Gandelman M, Shimon LJW, Martin JML, Milstein D. orthoC−H Activation of Haloarenes and Anisole by an Electron-Rich Iridium(I) Complex: Mechanism and Origin of Regio- and Chemoselectivity. An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060078+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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West NM, Reinartz S, White PS, Templeton JL. Carbon monoxide promoted reductive elimination of hydrogen from Tp' platinum complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2059-66. [PMID: 16464108 DOI: 10.1021/ja056766m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid-assisted reductive elimination of hydrogen from Tp'PtH(3) and of methane and hydrogen from Tp'PtMeH(2) (Tp' = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) is examined herein. Loss of H(2) is observed from solutions containing platinum(IV) complexes of the type Tp'Pt(R)(H)(2) (R = Me, H) upon protonation and addition of a ligand such as CO. Results of kinetic studies on reductive elimination of H(2) and formation of [kappa(2)-(HTp')Pt(R)(L)][BAr'(4)] products from intermediates derived from Tp'Pt(R)(H)(2) precursors are described. Elimination appears to occur from cationic 6-coordinate [kappa(2)-(HTp')Pt(R)(H)(2)(L)][BAr'(4)] species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M West
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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31
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González-García N, González-Lafont A, Lluch JM. Electronic structure study of the initiation routes of the dimethyl sulfide oxidation by OH. J Comput Chem 2005; 26:569-83. [PMID: 15726570 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work the potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to the different initiation routes of the oxidation mechanism of DMS by hydroxyl radical in the absence of O(2) has been studied, and connections among the different stationary points have been established. Single-point high level electronic structure calculations at lower level optimized geometries have been shown to be necessary to assure convergence of energy barriers and reaction energies. Our results demonstrate that the oxidation of DMS by OH turns out to be initiated via three channels: a hydrogen abstraction channel that through a saddle point structure finally leads to CH(3)SCH(2) + H(2)O, an addition-elimination channel that firstly leads to an adduct complex (AD) and then via an elimination saddle point structure finally gives CH(3)SOH and CH(3) products, and a third channel that through a concerted pathway leads to CH(3)OH and CH(3)S. The H-abstraction and the addition-elimination channels initiate by a common pathway that goes through the same reactant complex (RC). Our theoretical results agree quite well with the branching ratios experimentally assigned to the formation of the different products. Finally, the calculated equilibrium constants of the formation of the complex AD and the hexadeuterated complex AD from the corresponding reactants, as a function of the temperature, are in good accordance with the experimental values.
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32
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Cohen R, Weitz E, Martin JML, Ratner MA. Arene Hapticity in (C6H6)Cr(CO)n (n = 1−5) Complexes: A DFT Study of Singlet and Triplet Energy Surfaces. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034367z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Cohen
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eric Weitz
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot 76100, Israel
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33
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Cohen R, Milstein D, Martin JML. Mechanism of the Methylene Transfer Reaction. C−C Activation and Reductive Elimination in One System. A DFT Study. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Cohen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rechovot, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rechovot, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rechovot, Israel
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van der Boom ME, Iron MA, Atasoylu O, Shimon LJ, Rozenberg H, Ben-David Y, Konstantinovski L, Martin JM, Milstein D. sp3 C–H and sp2 C–H agostic ruthenium complexes: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Acharyya R, Peng SM, Lee GH, Bhattacharya S. An unprecedented oxidative migration of a methyl group from 2-(2',6'-dimethylphenylazo)-4-methylphenol mediated by ruthenium and osmium. Inorg Chem 2004; 42:7378-80. [PMID: 14606831 DOI: 10.1021/ic034968i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented chemical transformation of 2-(2',6'-dimethylphenylazo)-4-methylphenol has been observed upon its reaction with [M(PPh(3))(3)X(2)] (M = Ru, Os; X = Cl, Br) whereby one methyl group from the phenyl ring of the arylazo fragment migrates to the metal center via oxidation to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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36
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Zhao Y, Lynch BJ, Truhlar DG. Development and Assessment of a New Hybrid Density Functional Model for Thermochemical Kinetics. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049908s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute,University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Benjamin J. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute,University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute,University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
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37
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Thomas J, Peters JC. Platinum-alkyl and hydride complexes supported by a tris(phosphino)borate ligand: structural and spectroscopic studies. Polyhedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2003.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Iron MA, Martin JML, van der Boom ME. Cycloaddition reactions of metalloaromatic complexes of iridium and rhodium: a mechanistic DFT investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11702-9. [PMID: 13129375 DOI: 10.1021/ja036723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic details of 1,2- and 1,4-cycloaddition reactions of acetone, CO(2), and CS(2) to isostructural iridiabenzene, iridiapyrylium, and iridiathiabenzene complexes, as well as their rhodium analogues, were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) at the PCM/mPW1K/SDB-cc-pVDZ//mPW1K/SDD level of theory. The calculated reaction profiles concur with reported experimental observations. It was found that the first complex reacts via a concerted reaction mechanism, while the latter two react by a stepwise mechanism. Several factors affecting the reaction mechanisms and outcome were identified. They include the composition and size of the metal-aromatic ring, the length of the substrate C=X (X = O, S) bond, the geometry of the product, the symmetry of the frontier molecular orbitals, and the type of reaction mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Iron
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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39
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Rybtchinski B, Cohen R, Ben-David Y, Martin JML, Milstein D. Aromatic vs aliphatic C-H bond activation by rhodium(I) as a function of agostic interactions: catalytic H/D exchange between olefins and methanol or water. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11041-50. [PMID: 12952486 DOI: 10.1021/ja029197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aryl-PC type ligand 3, benzyl(di-tert-butyl)phosphane, reacts with [Rh(coe)(2)(solv)(n)()]BF(4) (coe = cyclooctene, solv = solvent), producing the C-H activated complexes 4a-c (solv = (a). acetone, (b). THF, (c). methanol). Complexes 4a-c undergo reversible arene C-H activation (observed by NMR spin saturation transfer experiments, SST) and H/D exchange into the hydride and aryl ortho-H with ROD (R = D, Me). They also promote catalytic H/D exchange into the vinylic C-H bond of olefins, with deuterated methanol or water utilized as D-donors. Unexpectedly, complex 2, based on the benzyl-PC type ligand 1 (analogous to 3), di-tert-butyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)phosphane, shows a very different reversible C-H activation pattern as observed by SST. It is not active in H/D exchange with ROD and in catalytic H/D exchange with olefins. To clarify our observations regarding C-H activation/reductive elimination in both PC-Rh systems, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed. Both nucleophilic (oxidative addition) and electrophilic (H/D exchange) C-H activation proceed through eta(2)-C,H agostic intermediates. In the aryl-PC system the agostic interaction causes C-H bond acidity sufficient for the H/D exchange with water or methanol, which is not the case in the benzyl PC-Rh system. In the latter system the C-H coordination pattern of the methyl controls the reversible C-H oxidative addition leading to energetically different C-H activation processes, in accordance with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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40
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Iron MA, Sundermann A, Martin JML. Catalytic Reduction of Acetone by [(bpy)Rh]+: A Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation and Insight into Cooperativity Effects in This System. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11430-41. [PMID: 16220966 DOI: 10.1021/ja028489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lahav, Milstein, and co-workers reported that the complex [(bpy)Rh(hd)](+)PF(6)(-) (bpy = substituted bipyridine ligand, hd = 1,5-hexadiene) shows catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of acetone (Töllner, K. et al. Science 1997, 278, 2100). The activity in an ordered monolayer was found to be dramatically greater than in solution. We used the DFT functional mPW1K (Lynch, B. J. et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 4811) to investigate the mechanism of the homogenous reaction. The suitability of the mPW1K functional was verified by coupled cluster calculations on a model system. Bulk solvent effects were considered. Various alternative catalytic cycles were evaluated, and we found that one potential mechanism involves metal-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerization to form [(bpy)Rh(enol)](+) that adds hydrogen yielding a complex with axial and equatorial hydride ligands. The reaction continues via transfer of the hydrides to the enolic C=C bond thereby forming 2-propanol and regenerating the catalyst. Another potential catalytic cycle involves formation of [(bpy)Rh(acetone)(2)(H)(2)](+), which has a spectator solvent ligand, and initial transfer of the equatorial hydride to the carbonyl carbon of acetone. Other mechanisms involving hydrogen transfer to the acetone tautomer involved higher barriers. With an eye toward modeling multi-center catalysis, various model systems for the bpy ligand were considered. It was found that diimine (HN=CH-CH=NH) compares very well with bpy, whereas cis-1,2-diiminoethylene (H(2)C=N-CH=CH-N=CH(2)) yields a reaction profile very close to that of bpy. Finally, the system with two rhodium centers, [(diimine)Rh](2)(2+), was investigated. The results strongly suggest that an enol-type catalytic cycle occurs and that cooperativity between the two metal centers is responsible for the acceleration of the reaction in the monolayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Iron
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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41
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Crumpton-Bregel DM, Goldberg KI. Mechanisms of C-C and C-H alkane reductive eliminations from octahedral Pt(IV): reaction via five-coordinate intermediates or direct elimination? J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:9442-56. [PMID: 12889975 DOI: 10.1021/ja029140u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) complexes P(2)PtMe(3)R [P(2) = dppe (PPh(2)(CH(2))(2)PPh(2)), dppbz (o-PPh(2)(C(6)H(4))PPh(2)); R = Me, H] undergo reductive elimination reactions to form carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Mechanistic studies have been carried out for both C-C and C-H coupling reactions and the reductive elimination reactions to form ethane and methane are directly compared. For C-C reductive elimination, the evidence supports a mechanism of initial phosphine chelate opening followed by C-C coupling from the resulting five-coordinate intermediate. In contrast, mechanistic studies on C-H reductive elimination support an unusual pathway at Pt(IV) of direct coupling without preliminary ligand loss. The complexes fac- P(2)PtMe(3)R (P(2) = dppe, R = Me, H; P(2) = dppbz, R = Me) have been characterized crystallographically. The Pt(IV) hydrides, fac-P(2)PtMe(3)H (P(2) = dppe, dppbz), are rare examples of stable phosphine ligated Pt(IV) alkyl hydride complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Crumpton-Bregel
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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42
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Vedernikov AN, Pink M, Caulton KG. Design and synthesis of tridentate facially chelating ligands of the [2.n.1]-(2,6)-pyridinophane family. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4806-14. [PMID: 12790585 DOI: 10.1021/jo034268v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses are reported for tripyridine macrocycles 2 and 3 and some of their alkyl derivatives. The macrocycles are designed to stabilize to various extents coordinated d(8) metal precursors and d(6) alkane oxidative addition products (Pt(IV)), therefore allowing favorable kinetics and thermodynamics of (e.g., Pt(II)) the cleavage of substrate H-C(sp(3)) bonds. Both the Chichibabin protocol and oxidative coupling of carbanions by copper(I) iodide were used for the macrocyclization step. Crystal structures of singly and doubly protonated 2 establish atom connectivity in the macrocycle, and reveal structural features which are obscured in solution NMR by rapid proton migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Vedernikov
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Cohen R, Rybtchinski B, Gandelman M, Rozenberg H, Martin JML, Milstein D. Metallacarbenes from diazoalkanes: an experimental and computational study of the reaction mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6532-46. [PMID: 12785793 DOI: 10.1021/ja028923c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PCP ligand (1,3-bis-[(diisopropyl-phosphanyl)-methyl]-benzene), and PCN ligand ([3-[(di-tert-butyl-phosphanyl)-methyl]-benzyl]-diethyl-amine) based rhodium dinitrogen complexes (1 and 2, respectively) react with phenyl diazomethane at room temperature to give PCP and PCN-Rh carbene complexes (3 and 5, respectively). At low temperature (-70 degrees C), PCP and PCN phenyl diazomethane complexes (4 and 6, respectively) are formed upon addition of phenyl diazomethane to 1 and 2. In these complexes, the diazo moiety is eta(1) coordinated through the terminal nitrogen atom. Decomposition of complexes 4 and 6 at low temperatures leads only to a relatively small amount of the corresponding carbene complexes, the major products of decomposition being the dinitrogen complexes 1 and 2 and stilbene. This and competition experiments (decomposition of 6 in the presence of 1) suggests that phenyl diazomethane can dissociate under the reaction conditions and attack the metal center through the diazo carbon producing a eta(1)-C bound diazo complex. Computational studies based on a two-layer ONIOM model, using the mPW1K exchange-correlation functional and a variety of basis sets for PCP based systems, provide mechanistic insight. In the case of less bulky PCP ligand bearing H-substituents on the phosphines, a variety of mechanisms are possible, including both dissociative and nondissociative pathways. On the other hand, in the case of i-Pr substituents, the eta(1)-C bound diazo complex appears to be a critical intermediate for carbene complex formation, in good agreement with the experimental results. Our results and the analysis of reported data suggest that the outcome of the reaction between a diazoalkane and a late transition metal complex can be anticipated considering steric requirements relevant to eta(1)-C diazo complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Cohen
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Prokopchuk EM, Puddephatt RJ. Methyl(hydrido)platinum(IV) Complexes with Flexible Tridentate Nitrogen-Donor Ligands. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0206352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janak KE, Churchill DG, Parkin G. Computational evidence that the inverse kinetic isotope effect for reductive elimination of methane from a tungstenocene methyl-hydride complex is associated with the inverse equilibrium isotope effect for formation of a sigma-complex intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:22-3. [PMID: 12610946 DOI: 10.1039/b209684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calculations on [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(Me)H demonstrate that the interconversion between [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(Me)H and the sigma-complex [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(sigma-HMe) is characterized by normal kinetic isotope effects for both reductive coupling and oxidative cleavage; the equilibrium isotope effect, however, is inverse and is the origin of the inverse kinetic isotope effect for the overall reductive elimination of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Janak
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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FEKL ULRICH, GOLDBERG KARENI. HOMOGENEOUS HYDROCARBON CH BOND ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION WITH PLATINUM. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(03)54005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vedernikov AN, Caulton KG. Control of H-C(sp3) bond cleavage stoichiometry: clean reversible alkyl ligand exchange with alkane in [LPt(Alk)(H)2]+ (L=[2.1.1]-(2,6)-pyridinophane). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:4102-4. [PMID: 12412095 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20021104)41:21<4102::aid-anie4102>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Vedernikov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.
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Wik BJ, Lersch M, Tilset M. The metal is the kinetic site of protonation of (diimine)Pt dimethyl complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12116-7. [PMID: 12371850 DOI: 10.1021/ja027649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protonolysis of (diimine)PtMe2 (1) complexes in CD2Cl2 containing CD3CN at -78 degrees C yields (diimine)PtMe2(H)(NCCD3)+ (4), (diimine)PtMe(NCCD3)+ (5), and methane. The relative yields of 5 and methane decrease with increasing concentrations of CD3CN. This is consistent with protonation of 1 occurring directly at the metal, rather than at a methyl group. The principle of microscopic reversibility then implies that the deprotonation in "Shilov-type C-H activation" occurs from a Pt(IV) hydridomethyl intermediate, rather than from a Pt sigma-methane complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bror Johan Wik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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