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Matsuoka R, Kimura S, Miura T, Ikoma T, Kusamoto T. Single-Molecule Magnetoluminescence from a Spatially Confined Persistent Diradical Emitter. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311307 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent radicals are an emerging class of materials that exhibit unique photofunctions not found in closed-shell molecules due to their open-shell electronic structure. Particularly promising are photofunctions in which radical's spin and luminescence are correlated; for example, when a magnetic field can affect luminescence (i.e., magnetoluminescence, ML). These photofunctions could be useful in the new science of spin photonics. However, previous observations of ML in radicals have been limited to systems in which radicals are randomly doped in host crystals or polymerized through metal complexation. This study shows that a covalently linked luminescent radical dimer (diradical) can exhibit ML as a single-molecular property. This facilitates detailed elucidation of the requirements for and mechanisms of ML in radicals and can aid the rational design of ML-active radicals based on synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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2
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Yago T, Tashiro M, Hasegawa K, Gohdo M, Tsuchiya S, Ikoma T, Wakasa M. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation via the Triplet Channel in Crystalline 9,10-Diphenylanthracene. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8768-8774. [PMID: 36102694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Delayed fluorescence resulting from triplet-triplet annihilation in crystalline 9,10-diphenylanthracene was observed by means of steady-state fluorescence measurements under magnetic fields of ≤10 T. At five specific magnetic fields, four peaks and one dip in the magnetic field dependence of fluorescence intensity were observed, proving that exchange-coupled triplet pairs were generated in the course of triplet-triplet annihilation. The dip was in the opposite direction predicted for singlet channel triplet-triplet annihilation. Further analysis using the stochastic Liouville equation confirmed that the closest exchange-coupled triplet pair in crystalline 9,10-diphenylanthracene is quenched via both triplet channel and singlet channel triplet-triplet annihilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yago
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Manami Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masao Gohdo
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibarakai, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Syuta Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050, Ikarashi, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050, Ikarashi, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wakasa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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3
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Stass D, Bagryansky V, Molin Y. Simple rules for resolved level-crossing spectra in magnetic field effects on reaction yields. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:77-91. [PMID: 37904762 PMCID: PMC10539838 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-77-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work we derive conditions under which a level-crossing line in a magnetic field effect curve for a recombining radical pair will be equivalent to the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum and discuss three simple rules for qualitative prediction of the level-crossing spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Stass
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk,
630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Victor A. Bagryansky
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk,
630090, Russia
| | - Yuri N. Molin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk,
630090, Russia
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4
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Hagi S, Kato K, Hinoshita M, Yoshino H, Shikoh E, Teki Y. Low-magnetic field effect and electrically detected magnetic resonance measurements of photocurrent in vacuum vapor deposition films of weak charge-transfer pyrene/dimethylpyromellitdiimide (Py/DMPI) complex. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hagi
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masumi Hinoshita
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Harukazu Yoshino
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Eiji Shikoh
- Department of Physical Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Teki
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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5
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Miura T, Tao R, Shibata S, Umeyama T, Tachikawa T, Imahori H, Kobori Y. Geometries, Electronic Couplings, and Hole Dissociation Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron–Hole Pairs in Polyhexylthiophene–Fullerene Dyads Rigidly Linked by Oligophenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5879-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Miura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ran Tao
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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6
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Yago T, Wakasa M. A practical approach to calculate the time evolutions of magnetic field effects on photochemical reactions in nano-structured materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9737-47. [PMID: 25773238 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A practical method to calculate time evolutions of magnetic field effects (MFEs) on photochemical reactions involving radical pairs is developed on the basis of the theory of the chemically induced dynamic spin polarization proposed by Pedersen and Freed. In theory, the stochastic Liouville equation (SLE), including the spin Hamiltonian, diffusion motions of the radical pair, chemical reactions, and spin relaxations, is solved by using the Laplace and the inverse Laplace transformation technique. In our practical approach, time evolutions of the MFEs are successfully calculated by applying the Miller-Guy method instead of the final value theorem to the inverse Laplace transformation process. Especially, the SLE calculations are completed in a short time when the radical pair dynamics can be described by the chemical kinetics consisting of diffusions, reactions and spin relaxations. The SLE analysis with a short calculation time enables one to examine the various parameter sets for fitting the experimental date. Our study demonstrates that simultaneous fitting of the time evolution of the MFE and of the magnetic field dependence of the MFE provides valuable information on the diffusion motions of the radical pairs in nano-structured materials such as micelles where the lifetimes of radical pairs are longer than hundreds of nano-seconds and the magnetic field dependence of the spin relaxations play a major role for the generation of the MFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yago
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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7
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Zang H, Xu Z, Hu B. Magneto-optical investigations on the formation and dissociation of intermolecular charge-transfer complexes at donor-acceptor interfaces in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5704-9. [PMID: 20392090 DOI: 10.1021/jp100241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electron-hole pairs can be formed in intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) states between two adjacent molecules due to Coulomb interaction in organic semiconducting materials. In general, the exciton dissociation can experience the intermediate states: intermolecular CT states at the donor-acceptor interfaces to generate a photocurrent in organic solar cells. This article reports the magneto-optical studies on intermolecular CT states in the generation of photocurrent by using magnetic field effects of photocurrent (MFE(PC)) and light-assisted dielectric response (LADR). The MFE(PC) and LADR studies reveal that internal electrical drifting and local Coulomb interaction can largely change the formation and dissociation of CT states by changing internal charge-transport channels and local Coulomb interaction through morphological development upon thermal annealing. Therefore, the MFE(PC) and LADR can be used as effective magneto-optical tools to investigate charge recombination, separation, and transport in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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8
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Katayama T, Ishibashi Y, Morii Y, Ley C, Brazard J, Lacombat F, Plaza P, Martin MM, Miyasaka H. Ultrafast delocalization of cationic states in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) solid leading to carrier photogeneration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4560-3. [PMID: 20428534 DOI: 10.1039/b925461g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond measurements of the transient dichroism and near-IR time-resolved spectra revealed the ultrafast delocalization of the cationic state in poly(N-vinylcarbazole), leading to carrier photogeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Katayama
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University and CREST, JST Toyonaka, 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Hamasaki A, Yago T, Wakasa M. Magnetic Field Effect on a Radical Pair Reaction as a Probe of Microviscosity. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14185-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804862w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atom Hamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubu, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yago
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubu, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wakasa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubu, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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10
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Okimi H, Sakaguchi Y, Asada K, Hara M. Resonant Microwave Irradiation Effect on the Emission Process of an Organic Electroluminescent Material. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Wu Y, Hu B. Metal electrode effects on spin-orbital coupling and magnetoresistance in organic semiconductor devices. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2006; 89. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2387118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This letter reports the modifications of spin-orbital coupling and magnetoresistance of conjugated polymer upon deposition of metal electrode based on organic light-emitting diodes of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. We find that the reverse bias yields a largely increased magnetoresistance when the electron-hole capture zone is away from the metal electrode as compared to the forward bias with the electron-hole capture zone close to the metal electrode. The electroluminescence suggests that the deposited metal atoms enhance the spin-orbital coupling at the polymer/metal interface and consequently lead to electron-hole capture zone dependent magnetic field effects in organic semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- University of Tennessee Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Bin Hu
- University of Tennessee Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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12
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Ikoma T, Ito F, Ogiwara T, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Evidence of Photocarrier Generation via the Singlet and Triplet States in a Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Film. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Ogiwara T, Ikoma T, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Spin dynamics of carrier generation in a photoconductive C60-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Ito F, Ikoma T, Akiyama K, Watanabe A, Tero-Kubota S. Carrier Generation Process on Photoconductive Polymer Films as Studied by Magnetic Field Effects on the Charge-Transfer Fluorescence and Photocurrent. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8707-17. [PMID: 16852031 DOI: 10.1021/jp0453212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the magnetic field effects (MFEs) on the charge-transfer fluorescence and transient photocurrent of a 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film, which reflect the recombination and escape yields of the carriers, respectively. The recombination yield dependence of the external magnetic field (B) clearly shows two types of the MFEs, growth with increasing B due to the hyperfine mechanism (HFM) and a negative dip due to the level-crossing mechanism (LCM). On the other hand, the escape yield indicates complementary MFEs with a sharp decrease in yield with increasing B and then a positive dip. Simultaneous observation of the HFM- and LCM-MFEs proves the stepwise hole-hopping mechanism rather the long-range hole-jumping one. The quantitative analysis of the recombination and escape MFEs is performed using the stochastic Liouville equations (SLE) for a one-dimensional lattice model in which the stepwise hole hops take place between the nearest neighbor carbazole units with spin conservation. The SLE analysis provides the recombination and hole transfer rate constants of 7.0 x 10(7) and 4.5 x 10(8) s(-1), respectively. The boundary site number for the ion pairs in the one-dimensional model is estimated by the best fit to the experimental results. The interionic distance of the boundary ion pair in the one-dimensional model including eight sites agrees with the thermalization distance in the Onsager model. Hence, it is concluded that the elementary processes in the Onsager model applied to molecular amorphous solids are the stepwise hole hops rather than a long-range hole jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Ito F, Ikoma T, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Spin Dynamic Study on the Electric Field Dependence of Carrier Generation. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7208-13. [PMID: 16851823 DOI: 10.1021/jp044475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an acceptor-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film, the magnetic field effect (MFE) on the generation efficiency of photoinduced charge was measured under various electric fields in order to clarify how the applied electric field affects the elementary processes in the photocarrier generation in photoconductive polymeric molecular solids. The external magnetic field influenced the electron spin dynamics among the geminate electron-hole pairs within a scale of a few nanometers and decreased the photocarrier generation efficiency. The observed MFE due to a hyperfine mechanism was almost independent of the electric field. By employing the stochastic Liouville equations based on a one-dimensional lattice model, we performed some model calculations for the dissociation, hopping, and recombination rate dependence of MFE on the generation efficiency. From a comparison between the observed and calculated MFE, it was concluded that the electric field affects the dissociation more than the hopping and the recombination. This coincides with the concepts in the Onsager model that is used to analyze the electric field dependence of carrier generation efficiency so far. The one-dimensional lattice model is a proper model for the carrier generation in polymeric molecular solids, which is qualitatively consistent with the Onsager model except for the long-range hole jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Photoinduced electron transfer dynamics in aromatic vinyl polymers and related systems: time-resolved detection of primary events. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2003.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Kalinowski J, Szmytkowski J, Stampor W. Magnetic hyperfine modulation of charge photogeneration in solid films of Alq3. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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