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Karati D, Kumar D. A Comprehensive Review on Targeted Cancer Therapy: New Face of Treatment Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3282-3294. [PMID: 38038008 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128272203231121034814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of life's most difficult difficulties and a severe health risk everywhere. Except for haematological malignancies, it is characterized by unchecked cell growth and a lack of cell death, which results in an aberrant tissue mass or tumour. Vascularization promotes tumor growth, which eventually aids metastasis and migration to other parts of the body, ultimately resulting in death. The genetic material of the cells is harmed or mutated by environmental or inherited influences, which results in cancer. Presently, anti-neoplastic medications (chemotherapy, hormone, and biological therapies) are the treatment of choice for metastatic cancers, whilst surgery and radiotherapy are the mainstays for local and non-metastatic tumors. Regrettably, chemotherapy disturbs healthy cells with rapid proliferation, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract and hair follicles, leading to the typical side effects of chemotherapy. Finding new, efficient, targeted therapies based on modifications in the molecular biology of tumor cells is essential because current chemotherapeutic medications are harmful and can cause the development of multidrug resistance. These new targeted therapies, which are gaining popularity as demonstrated by the FDA-approved targeted cancer drugs in recent years, enter molecules directly into tumor cells, diminishing the adverse reactions. A form of cancer treatment known as targeted therapy goes after the proteins that regulate how cancer cells proliferate, divide, and disseminate. Most patients with specific cancers, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (commonly known as CML), will have a target for a particular medicine, allowing them to be treated with that drug. Nonetheless, the tumor must typically be examined to determine whether it includes drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal 900017, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
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2
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Li S, Zhang Y, Xiang K, Chen J, Wang J. Designing a novel type of multifunctional soil conditioner based on 4-arm star-shaped polymer modified mesoporous MCM-41. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kumler MS, Skinner NM, Meyersohn MS, Colt TA, Valverde M, Powell CE, Costanzo PJ. Trials and adventures of the synthesis and evaluation of amphiphilic graft copolymers with dynamic topology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Kumler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Nicole M. Skinner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Marianne S. Meyersohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Tyler A. Colt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Marvin Valverde
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Cameron E. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Fang X, Gao K, Huang J, Liu K, Chen L, Piao Y, Liu X, Tang J, Shen Y, Zhou Z. Molecular level precision and high molecular weight peptide dendrimers for drug-specific delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8594-8603. [PMID: 34705008 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Peptide dendrimers have a broad application in biomedical science due to their biocompatibility, diversity, and multifunctionality, but the precision synthesis of high-molecule weight peptide dendrimers remains challenging. We here report the facile and liquid-phase synthesis of molecular level precision and amino-acid built-in polylysine (PLL) dendrimers with molecular weights as high as ∼60 kDa. Three types of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS)-cored PLL dendrimers with phenylalanine, tyrosine, or histidine as building blocks were synthesized. The precise structures of the dendrimers were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, GPC, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The interior functionalized peptide dendrimers improved the encapsulation capability of SN38 and sustained the release profiles. Enhanced molecular interactions between the peptide dendrimers and drugs were explored by both NMR experiments and computer simulations. The peptide dendrimer/SN38 formulations showed potent antitumor activity against multiple cancer cell lines. We believe that this strategy can be applied to the synthesis of tailor-made functional peptide dendrimers for drug-specific delivery and other diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Kai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Kexin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Linying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Ying Piao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
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Shi Y, Liu W, Wu X, Zhu J, Zhou D, Liu X. A Water-Soluble Polyacid Polymer Based on Hydrophilic Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Amphoteric Carboxylic Acid Ligands as Linkers for Hydroxycamptothecin Loading and Release In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2854. [PMID: 34835619 PMCID: PMC8618358 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The poor water solubility and severe side effects of hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) limit its clinical application; therefore, it is necessary to synthesize applicable nanodrug carriers with good solubility to expand the applications of HCPT. In this study, a hydrophilic metal-organic framework (MOF) with amphoteric carboxylic acid ligands as linkers was first synthesized and characterized. Then, water-soluble acrylamide and methacrylic acid were applied as monomers to prepare a water-soluble polyacid polymer MOF@P, which had a solubility of 370 μg/mL. The effects of the MOF@P material on the HCPT loading and solubility were investigated. The results showed that the polymer material could improve the HCPT solubility in water. Moreover, the in vitro release study indicated that the MOF@P polymeric composite exhibited a sustained-release effect on HCPT, with a cumulative release rate of 30.18% in 72 h at pH 7.4. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity test demonstrated that the hydrophilic MOF and the MOF@P had low cell toxicities. The results indicate that the prepared MOF@P polymeric complex can be applied for the sustained release of HCPT in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinhua Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Xiuhua Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.)
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Markelov DA, Semisalova AS, Mazo MA. Formation of a Hollow Core in Dendrimers in Solvents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Markelov
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Anna S. Semisalova
- Faculty of Physics and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Lotharstr. 1 Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Mikhail A. Mazo
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Patel D, Patel N. Fabrication and characterization of sterically stabilized liposomes of topotecan. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundRecently, the development of drug delivery which delivers controlled drug release at the tumor sites emerged as an attractive option for enhancing anticancer therapeutics. Next-generation nanotherapeutics must not contain only the nanoscale but should find their way to the solid tumor via active or passive targeting. Surface modification by pegylated lipids is one of the approaches used to made liposomes long-circulating and passively target the tumor. Pegylation of liposomes help them to alter the pharmacokinetics of drug molecule in vivo. The successful journey of such a complex drug delivery system from bench to clinic requires in-depth understanding and characterization. In this research, we fabricated and characterized sterically stabilized liposomes of topotecan which meets the clinical need. Liposomes have been prepared using ethanol injection-solvent evaporation method followed by extrusion for size reduction. Outer medium was replaced with an isotonic sucrose solution using dialysis followed by drug loading. We characterized liposomes’ membrane phase and dynamics, drug and lipid quantification, size distribution, state of encapsulated drug, internal volume and internal pH of liposomes, presence, and thickness of grafted PEG on the liposomes surface, and in vitro leakage test.ResultsAll these studied parameters directly or indirectly provide information regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior of the formulation and the tumor-targeting property of the drugs in vivo. We encapsulated the topotecan in nanoliposomes with pegylation on the surface resulting in long-circulating stealth liposomes. Nanoliposomes remotely loaded with topotecan by transmembrane gradient method.ConclusionOur in vitro characterization of topotecan liposomes provides an explanation for the good therapeutic efficacy of tumor cells.
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9
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The Role of Branch Cell Symmetry and Other Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters in the Determination of Dendrimer Encapsulation Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040642. [PMID: 32326311 PMCID: PMC7226492 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews progress over the past three decades related to the role of dendrimer-based, branch cell symmetry in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, aqueous based compatibilizers/solubilizers/excipients and nano-metal cluster catalysts. Historically, it begins with early unreported work by the Tomalia Group (i.e., The Dow Chemical Co.) revealing that all known dendrimer family types may be divided into two major symmetry categories; namely: Category I: symmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Tomalia, Vögtle, Newkome-type dendrimers) possessing interior hollowness/porosity and Category II: asymmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Denkewalter-type) possessing no interior void space. These two branch cell symmetry features were shown to be pivotal in directing internal packing modes; thereby, differentiating key dendrimer properties such as densities, refractive indices and interior porosities. Furthermore, this discovery provided an explanation for unimolecular micelle encapsulation (UME) behavior observed exclusively for Category I, but not for Category II. This account surveys early experiments confirming the inextricable influence of dendrimer branch cell symmetry on interior packing properties, first examples of Category (I) based UME behavior, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocols for systematic encapsulation characterization, application of these principles to the solubilization of active approved drugs, engineering dendrimer critical nanoscale design parameters (CNDPs) for optimized properties and concluding with high optimism for the anticipated role of dendrimer-based solubilization principles in emerging new life science, drug delivery and nanomedical applications.
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10
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Zamboulis A, Nakiou EA, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Kontonasaki E, Liverani L, Boccaccini AR. Polyglycerol Hyperbranched Polyesters: Synthesis, Properties and Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6210. [PMID: 31835372 PMCID: PMC6940955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a century when environmental pollution is a major issue, polymers issued from bio-based monomers have gained important interest, as they are expected to be environment-friendly, and biocompatible, with non-toxic degradation products. In parallel, hyperbranched polymers have emerged as an easily accessible alternative to dendrimers with numerous potential applications. Glycerol (Gly) is a natural, low-cost, trifunctional monomer, with a production expected to grow significantly, and thus an excellent candidate for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present article, we review the synthesis, properties, and applications of glycerol polyesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (from succinic to sebacic acids) as well as the copolymers of glycerol or hyperbranched polyglycerol with poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone). Emphasis was given to summarize the synthetic procedures (monomer molar ratio, used catalysts, temperatures, etc.,) and their effect on the molecular weight, solubility, and thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared hyperbranched polymers. Their applications in pharmaceutical technology as drug carries and in biomedical applications focusing on regenerative medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eirini A. Nakiou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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11
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siRNA Conjugated Nanoparticles-A Next Generation Strategy to Treat Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236088. [PMID: 31816851 PMCID: PMC6929195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major progress in both therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, lung cancer is still considered the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world due to the ineffectiveness of the classical treatments used nowadays. Luckily, the discovery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) planted hope in the hearts of scientists and patients worldwide as a new breakthrough in the world of oncology and a robust tool for finally curing cancer. However, the valuable siRNA must be protected and preserved to ensure the effectiveness of this gene therapy, thus nanoparticles are gaining more attention than previous years as the optimal carriers for this fragile molecule. siRNA-loaded nanoparticles are being extensively investigated to find the appropriate formulation, combination, and delivery route with one objective in mind—successfully overcoming all possible limitations shown in clinical studies and making full use of this novel technique to become the next generation treatment to wipe out many chronic diseases, including cancer. In this review, the benefits of using siRNA and nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment will be globally reviewed before discussing why and how nanoparticles and siRNA can be combined to achieve an efficient treatment of lung cancer for prospective clinical applications.
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12
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Xu KF, Jia HR, Zhu YX, Liu X, Gao G, Li YH, Wu FG. Cholesterol-Modified Dendrimers for Constructing a Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6072-6081. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Elkhoury K, Russell C, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Mostafavi A, Williams T, Kahn C, Peppas NA, Arab-Tehrany E, Tamayol A. Soft-Nanoparticle Functionalization of Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900506. [PMID: 31402589 PMCID: PMC6752977 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an important research area that provides numerous research tools for the fabrication of biologically functional constructs that can be used in drug discovery, disease modeling, and the treatment of diseased or injured organs. From a materials point of view, scaffolds have become an important part of tissue engineering activities and are usually used to form an environment supporting cellular growth, differentiation, and maturation. Among various materials used as scaffolds, hydrogels based on natural polymers are considered one of the most suitable groups of materials for creating tissue engineering scaffolds. Natural hydrogels, however, do not always provide the physicochemical and biological characteristics and properties required for optimal cell growth. This review discusses the properties and tissue engineering applications of widely used natural hydrogels. In addition, methods of modulation of their physicochemical and biological properties using soft nanoparticles as fillers or reinforcing agents are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Russell
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | | | | | - Tyrell Williams
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Cyril Kahn
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Departments of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
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Ekladious I, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics: advances, insights and prospects. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:273-294. [PMID: 30542076 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates have long been a mainstay of the drug delivery field, with several conjugates successfully translated into clinical practice. The conjugation of therapeutic agents to polymeric carriers, such as polyethylene glycol, offers several advantages, including improved drug solubilization, prolonged circulation, reduced immunogenicity, controlled release and enhanced safety. In this Review, we discuss the rational design, physicochemical characteristics and recent advances in the development of different classes of polymer-drug conjugates, including polymer-protein and polymer-small-molecule drug conjugates, dendrimers, polymer nanoparticles and multifunctional systems. Current obstacles hampering the clinical translation of polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics and future prospects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriny Ekladious
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Wang N, Cheng X, Li N, Wang H, Chen H. Nanocarriers and Their Loading Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801002. [PMID: 30450761 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers are of paramount significance for drug delivery and nanomedicine technology. Given the imperfect systems and nonideal therapeutic effects, there are works to be done in synthesis as much as in biological studies, if not more so. Building the foundation of synthesis would offer more tools and deeper insights for exploring the biological systems with extreme complexity. This review aims at a broad-scope summary and classification of nanocarriers for drug delivery, with focus on the synthetic strategy and structural implications. The nanocarriers are divided into four categories according to the loading principle: molecular-level loading, surface loading, matrix loading, and cavity loading systems. Making comparisons across diverse nanocarrier systems would make it easier to see the fundamental characteristics, from where the weakness can be addressed and the strengths combined. The systematic comparisons may also inspire new ideas and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
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Watabe T, Ishizuki K, Aoki D, Otsuka H. Mechanochromic dendrimers: the relationship between primary structure and mechanochromic properties in the bulk. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6831-6834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical-type mechanochromic dendrimers were developed and their mechano-responsivity drastically increased in higher-generation dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Watabe
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishizuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
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17
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Omolo CA, Kalhapure RS, Agrawal N, Jadhav M, Rambharose S, Mocktar C, Govender T. A hybrid of mPEG-b-PCL and G1-PEA dendrimer for enhancing delivery of antibiotics. J Control Release 2018; 290:112-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Fu FF, Zhou BQ, Ouyang ZJ, Wu YL, Zhu JY, Shen MW, Xia JD, Shi XY. Multifunctional Cholesterol-modified Dendrimers for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells Expressing Folate Receptors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Salimi M, Sarkar S, Saber R, Delavari H, Alizadeh AM, Mulder HT. Magnetic hyperthermia of breast cancer cells and MRI relaxometry with dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnol 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 30363777 PMCID: PMC6182570 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-018-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, some studies have focused on dendrimer nanopolymers as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent or a vehicle for gene and drug delivery. Considering the suitable properties of these materials, they are appropriate candidates for coating iron-oxide nanoparticles which are applied in magnetic hyperthermia. To the best of our knowledge, the novelty of this study is the investigation of fourth-generation dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (G4@IONPs) in magnetic hyperthermia and MRI. METHODS IONPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and coated with the fourth generation (G4) of polyamidoamine dendrimer. The cytotoxicity of G4@IONPs with different concentrations was assessed in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and human fibroblast cell line (HDF1). Hemolysis and stability of G4@IONPs were investigated, and in addition, the interaction of these particles with MCF7 cells was assessed by Prussian blue staining. Heat generation and specific absorption rate (SAR) were calculated from measurement and simulation results at 200 and 300 kHz. MCF7 and HDF1 cells were incubated with G4@IONPs for 2 h and then put into the magnetic coil for 120 min. Relaxometry experiments were performed with different concentrations of G4@IONPs with T1- and T2-weighted MR images. RESULTS The TEM results showed that G4@IONPs were 10 ± 4 nm. The in vitro toxicity assessments showed that synthesized nanoparticles had low toxicity. The viability of MCF7 cells incubated with G4@IONPs decreased significantly after magnetic hyperthermia. In addition, MR imaging revealed that G4@IONPs improved transverse relaxivity (r2) significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our results encouraged the future application of G4@IONPs in magnetic hyperthermia and MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box 1417613151, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sarkar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box 1417613151, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saber
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Delavari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hendrik Thijmen Mulder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Castro RI, Forero-Doria O, Guzmán L. Perspectives of Dendrimer-based Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2331-2346. [PMID: 30066746 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. Chemotherapy traditionally suffers from a non-specific distribution, with only a small fraction of the drug reaching the tumor, in this sense, the use of dendrimers incorporating drugs non-covalently encapsulated inside the dendrimer or covalently conjugated have proven to be effectives against different cancer cell lines. However, at present the dendrimers used as drug-carriers still do not meet the necessary characteristic to be considered as an ideal dendrimer for drug delivery; high toxicity, bio-degradability, low toxicity, biodistribution characteristics, and favorable retention with appropriate specificity and bioavailability have not been fully covered by the current available dendrimers. However, the development and study of new dendrimers drug-carriers continues to be an important tool in the cancer therapy as they can be functionalized with varied ligands to reach the tumor tissue through the different body barriers in the body with minimal loss of activity in the bloodstream, have the ability to selectively kill tumor cells without affecting the normal cells and most important with a release mechanism controlling actively. Given the continuous efforts and research in this area of interest, we presented in this review the work done with a special emphasis on the development of dendrimers as a major tool in the combination with drugs, as a potential adjunctive agent in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I Castro
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente, 1670, Talca, Chile.,Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente, 1670, Talca, Chile
| | - Oscar Forero-Doria
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay, s/n, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e InmunoHematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay, s/n, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile
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21
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Sherje AP, Jadhav M, Dravyakar BR, Kadam D. Dendrimers: A versatile nanocarrier for drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:707-720. [PMID: 30012508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are novel polymeric nanoarchitectures characterized by hyper-branched 3D-structure having multiple functional groups on the surface that increases their functionality and make them versatile and biocompatible. Their unique properties like nanoscale uniform size, high degree of branching, polyvalency, water solubility, available internal cavities and convenient synthesis approaches make them promising agent for biological and drug delivery applications. Dendrimers have received an enormous attention from researchers among various nanomaterials. Dendrimers can be used as a carrier for diverse therapeutic agents. They can be used for reducing drug toxicities and enhancement of their efficacies. The present review provide a comprehensive outline of synthesis of dendrimers, interaction of dendrimer with guest molecules, properties, characterization and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Sherje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
| | - Mrunal Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Bhushan R Dravyakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Darshana Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
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22
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Christadore L, Grinstaff MW, Schaus SE. Fluorescent Dendritic Micro-Hydrogels: Synthesis, Analysis and Use in Single-Cell Detection. Molecules 2018; 23:E936. [PMID: 29669998 PMCID: PMC6017717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are of keen interest for a wide range of medical and biotechnological applications including as 3D substrate structures for the detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. Hydrogel parameters such as polymer wt % and crosslink density are typically altered for a specific application; now, fluorescence can be incorporated into such criteria by specific macromonomer selection. Intrinsic fluorescence was observed at λmax 445 nm from hydrogels polymerized from lysine and aldehyde- terminated poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers upon excitation with visible light. The hydrogel’s photochemical properties are consistent with formation of a nitrone functionality. Printed hydrogels of 150 μm were used to detect individual cell adherence via a decreased in fluorescence. The use of such intrinsically fluorescent hydrogels as a platform for cell sorting and detection expands the current repertoire of tools available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christadore
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Scott E Schaus
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Huang D, Wu D. Biodegradable dendrimers for drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:713-727. [PMID: 29853143 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers, as a type of artificial polymers with unique structural features, have been extensively explored for their applications in biomedical fields, especially in drug delivery. However, one important concern about the most commonly used dendrimers exists - the nondegradability, which may cause side effects induced by the accumulation of synthetic polymers in cells or tissues. Therefore, biodegradable dendrimers incorporating biodegradability with merits of dendrimers such as well-defined architectures, copious internal cavities and surface functionalities, are much more promising for developing novel nontoxic drug carriers. Herein, we review the recent advances in design and synthesis of biodegradable dendrimers, as well as their applications in fabricating drug delivery systems, with the aim to provide researchers in the related fields a good understanding of biodegradable dendrimers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China..
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24
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Synthesis of Cationic Amphiphilic Surface-Block Polyester Dendrimers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Stenström P, Hjorth E, Zhang Y, Andrén OCJ, Guette-Marquet S, Schultzberg M, Malkoch M. Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of Monodisperse Amino-Functional Polyester Dendrimers with Rapid Degradability and Antibacterial Properties. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4323-4330. [PMID: 29131611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amine functional polymers, especially cationically charged, are interesting biomacromolecules for several reasons, including easy cell membrane entrance, their ability to escape endosomes through the proton sponge effect, spontaneous complexation and delivery of drugs and siRNA, and simple functionalization in aqueous solutions. Dendrimers, a subclass of precision polymers, are monodisperse and exhibit a large and exact number of peripheral end groups in relation to their size and have shown promise in drug delivery, biomedical imaging and as antiviral agents. In this work, hydroxyl functional dendrimers of generation 1 to 5 based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) were modified to bear 6 to 96 peripheral amino groups through esterification reactions with beta-alanine. All dendrimers were isolated in high yields and with remarkable monodispersity. This was successfully accomplished utilizing the present advantages of fluoride-promoted esterification (FPE) with imidazole-activated monomers. Straightforward postfunctionalization was conducted on a second generation amino-functional dendrimer with tetraethylene glycol through NHS-amidation and carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) activation to full conversion with short reaction times. Fast biodegradation of the dendrimers through loss of peripheral beta-alanine groups was observed and generational- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity was evaluated with a set of cell lines. An increase in neurotoxicity compared to hydroxyl-functional dendrimers was shown in neuronal cells, however, the dendrimers were slightly less neurotoxic than commercially available poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs). Additionally, their effect on bacteria was evaluated and the second generation dendrimer was found unique inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli at physiological conditions while being nontoxic toward human cells. Finally, these results cement a robust and sustainable synthetic route to amino-functional polyester dendrimers with interesting chemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Stenström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-68, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet , Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-68, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver C J Andrén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-68, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Guette-Marquet
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet , Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet , Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-68, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Samanta K, Zellermann E, Zähres M, Mayer C, Schmuck C. An inverted supramolecular amphiphile and its step-wise self-assembly into vesicular networks. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8108-8112. [PMID: 29075711 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A host-guest interaction between a multi-cationic dendrimer 1 functionalized with 16 guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole (GCP) groups on its surface and naphthalene diimide dicarboxylic acid (NDIDC) in a 1 : 8 ratio leads to the formation of a new type of inverted amphiphile. This amphiphile further self-assembles in a step-wise manner first into reverse micelles and then into reverse vesicles, which adhere to form an extensive 3D network several micrometers in length. Self-assembly is based on the aromatic stacking interactions of the surface-bound NDIDC. Furthermore, these aggregates only form at neutral pH but not in acidic or basic solutions in which no ion pairing between 1 and NDIDC is possible. The step-wise self-assembly process of the inverted amphiphile which follows a theoretical prediction recently proposed for hyperbranched polymers was studied and visualized in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnananda Samanta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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27
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Raghav S, Painuli R, Kumar D. Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Multifaceted Applications in Biomedical Arena. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.890.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Kudryavtseva VL, Zhao L, Tverdokhlebov SI, Sukhorukov GB. Fabrication of PLA/CaCO3 hybrid micro-particles as carriers for water-soluble bioactive molecules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:481-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Nanoparticle-macrophage interactions: A balance between clearance and cell-specific targeting. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4487-4496. [PMID: 28705434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are a major factor that influences how these nanomaterials interact with biological systems. Interactions between NPs and macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) can reduce the efficacy of NP diagnostics and therapeutics. Traditionally, to limit NP clearance by the RES system, the NP surface is neutralized with molecules like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) which are known to resist protein adsorption and RES clearance. Unfortunately, PEG modification is not without drawbacks including difficulties with the synthesis and associations with immune reactions. To overcome some of these obstacles, we neutralized the NP surface by acetylation and compared this modification to PEGylation for RES clearance and tumor-specific targeting. We found that acetylation was comparable to PEGylation in reducing RES clearance. Additionally, we found that dendrimer acetylation did not impact folic acid (FA)-mediated targeting of tumor cells whereas PEG surface modification reduced the targeting ability of the NP. These results clarify the impact of different NP surface modifications on RES clearance and cell-specific targeting and provide insights into the design of more effective NPs.
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30
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Role of generation on folic acid-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for targeted delivery of baicalin to cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Choudhary S, Gupta L, Rani S, Dave K, Gupta U. Impact of Dendrimers on Solubility of Hydrophobic Drug Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:261. [PMID: 28559844 PMCID: PMC5432624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate aqueous solubility has been one of the desired properties while selecting drug molecules and other bio-actives for product development. Often solubility of a drug determines its pharmaceutical and therapeutic performance. Majority of newly synthesized drug molecules fail or are rejected during the early phases of drug discovery and development due to their limited solubility. Sufficient permeability, aqueous solubility and physicochemical stability of the drug are important for achieving adequate bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. A number of different approaches including co-solvency, micellar solubilization, micronization, pH adjustment, chemical modification, and solid dispersion have been explored toward improving the solubility of various poorly aqueous-soluble drugs. Dendrimers, a new class of polymers, possess great potential for drug solubility improvement, by virtue of their unique properties. These hyper-branched, mono-dispersed molecules have the distinct ability to bind the drug molecules on periphery as well as to encapsulate these molecules within the dendritic structure. There are numerous reported studies which have successfully used dendrimers to enhance the solubilization of poorly soluble drugs. These promising outcomes have encouraged the researchers to design, synthesize, and evaluate various dendritic polymers for their use in drug delivery and product development. This review will discuss the aspects and role of dendrimers in the solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. The review will also highlight the important and relevant properties of dendrimers which contribute toward drug solubilization. Finally, hydrophobic drugs which have been explored for dendrimer assisted solubilization, and the current marketing status of dendrimers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of RajasthanKishangarh, India
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32
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Lancelot A, Clavería-Gimeno R, Velázquez-Campoy A, Abian O, Serrano JL, Sierra T. Nanostructures based on ammonium-terminated amphiphilic Janus dendrimers as camptothecin carriers with antiviral activity. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hutnick MA, Ahsanuddin S, Guan L, Lam M, Baron ED, Pokorski JK. PEGylated Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Vehicles for the Photosensitizer Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 for Candidal Infections. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:379-385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Hutnick
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sayeeda Ahsanuddin
- Department
of Dermatology, Case Skin Disease Research Center, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Linna Guan
- Department
of Dermatology, Case Skin Disease Research Center, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Minh Lam
- Department
of Dermatology, Case Skin Disease Research Center, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Elma D. Baron
- Department
of Dermatology, Case Skin Disease Research Center, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Abstract
Principles rooted in supramolecular chemistry have empowered new and highly functional therapeutics and drug delivery devices. This general approach offers elegant tools rooted in molecular and materials engineered to address the many challenges faced in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame IN 46556
- USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
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35
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Zhang T, Zhang C, Xing J, Xu J, Li C, Wang PC, Liang XJ. Multifunctional Dendrimers for Drug Nanocarriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0751-2.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, monodisperse, highly branched polymers with well-defined topological structure which have attracted much attention for drug delivery recently. To further improve the performance of dendrimers in drug delivery, various functional dendrimers are developed by decorating the dendrimers with targeting agents, imaging agents, or stimuli-sensitive moieties. They show good biocompatibility, visibility, tumor targeting and stimuli-sensitive properties for drug or gene delivery. This chapter will focus on the design of multifunctional nanocarriers based on the dendrimers. Therefore, the chapter will provide the ideas for designing the dendrimers based nanocarriers for controllable drug delivery and let more people know the development of dendrimers for drug delivery in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbin Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China & Tianjin University, China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
| | | | - Jing Xu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
| | - Chan Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
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Reissig HU, Domínguez M. N-Methylpyridinium-4-phenolates: Generation of a Betaine Dye Library Bearing Different Spacer Units and Their Solvatochromism. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
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37
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Ertürk AS, Gürbüz MU, Tülü M. The effect of PAMAM dendrimer concentration, generation size and surface functional group on the aqueous solubility of candesartan cilexetil. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:111-121. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1219372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Serol Ertürk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | | | - Metin Tülü
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Domínguez M, Rezende MC. A Monte Carlo-quantum mechanics study of a solvatochromic π* probe. J Mol Model 2016; 22:218. [PMID: 27553303 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solvation and the solvatochromic behavior of 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene 1, the basis of a π* scale of solvent polarities, was investigated theoretically in toluene, dichloromethane, methanol and formamide with a Monte Carlo and quantum mechanics (QM/MM) iterative approach. The calculated transition energies of the solvatochromic band of 1, obtained as averages of statistically uncorrelated configurations, including the solute and explicit solvent molecules of the first solvation layer, besides showing good agreement with the experimental transitions, reproduced very well the positive solvatochromism of this probe in various solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Domínguez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernando O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcos Caroli Rezende
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernando O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Tang R, Li Z. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Dendrimers and Dendronized Hyperbranched Polymers. CHEM REC 2016; 17:71-89. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runli Tang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
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Ejaz M, Alb AM, Grayson SM. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerol-block-polycaprolactone copolymer-grafted nanoparticles with improved encapsulation properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hsu H, Bugno J, Lee S, Hong S. Dendrimer‐based nanocarriers: a versatile platform for drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Jui Hsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Seung‐ri Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
- Department of Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Science and Underwood International CollegeYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
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Ricapito NG, Ghobril C, Zhang H, Grinstaff MW, Putnam D. Synthetic Biomaterials from Metabolically Derived Synthons. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2664-704. [PMID: 26821863 PMCID: PMC5810137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utility of metabolic synthons as the building blocks for new biomaterials is based on the early application and success of hydroxy acid based polyesters as degradable sutures and controlled drug delivery matrices. The sheer number of potential monomers derived from the metabolome (e.g., lactic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glycerol, fumarate) gives rise to almost limitless biomaterial structural possibilities, functionality, and performance characteristics, as well as opportunities for the synthesis of new polymers. This review describes recent advances in new chemistries, as well as the inventive use of traditional chemistries, toward the design and synthesis of new polymers. Specific polymeric biomaterials can be prepared for use in varied medical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound repair, etc.) through judicious selection of the monomer and backbone linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G. Ricapito
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cynthia Ghobril
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - David Putnam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Koley S, Ghosh S. The study of electron transfer reactions in a dendrimeric assembly: proper utilization of dendrimer fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24830-24834. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensing applications of dendrimers: trapping of explosive nitroaromatic compounds within the dendrimer-cage followed by efficient quenching of its fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Koley
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhubaneswar 751005
- India
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhubaneswar 751005
- India
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Nanomedicine for Treatment of Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 890:137-47. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi C, He Y, Feng X, Fu D. ε-Polylysine and next-generation dendrigraft poly-L-lysine: chemistry, activity, and applications in biopharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1343-56. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Synthesis and characterization of dendro-PLGA nanoconjugate for protein stabilization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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García-Gallego S, Nyström AM, Malkoch M. Chemistry of multifunctional polymers based on bis-MPA and their cutting-edge applications. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar S, Achazi K, Böttcher C, Licha K, Haag R, Sharma SK. Encapsulation and cellular internalization of cyanine dye using amphiphilic dendronized polymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nagatani H, Sakae H, Torikai T, Sagara T, Imura H. Photoinduced Electron Transfer of PAMAM Dendrimer-Zinc(II) Porphyrin Associates at Polarized Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6237-6244. [PMID: 25989445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous photoinduced electron-transfer reaction of the ion associates between NH2-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato zinc(II) (ZnTPPS(4-)) was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The positive photocurrent arising from the photoreduction of ZnTPPS(4-) by a lipophilic quencher, decamethylferrocene, in the interfacial region was significantly enhanced by the ion association with the PAMAM dendrimers. The photocurrent response of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was dependent on the pH condition and on the generation of dendrimer. A few cationic additives such as polyallylamine and n-octyltrimethyammonium were also examined as alternatives to the PAMAM dendrimer, but the magnitude of the photocurrent enhancement was rather small. The high photoreactivity of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was interpreted mainly as a result of the high interfacial concentration of photoreactive porphyrin units associated stably with the dendrimer which was preferably adsorbed at the polarized water|DCE interface. The photochemical data observed in the second and fourth generation PAMAM dendrimer systems demonstrated that the higher generation dendrimer which can incorporate a porphyrin molecule more completely in the interior is less efficient for the photocurrent enhancement at the interface. These results indicated that the photoreactivity of ionic reactant at a polarized liquid|liquid interface can readily be modified via ion association with the charged dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakae
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Taishi Torikai
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sagara
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hisanori Imura
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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