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Tonon G, Mauceri M, Cavarzerani E, Piccolo R, Santo C, Demitri N, Orian L, Nogara PA, Rocha JBT, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Unveiling the promising anticancer activity of palladium(II)-aryl complexes bearing diphosphine ligands: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8463-8477. [PMID: 38686752 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In continuation of our previous works on the cytotoxic properties of organopalladium compounds, in this contribution we describe the first systematic study of the anticancer activity of Pd(II)-aryl complexes. To this end, we have prepared and thoroughly characterized a wide range of palladium derivatives bearing different diphosphine, aryl and halide ligands, developing, when necessary, specific synthetic protocols. Most of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable cytotoxicity towards ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values often comparable to or lower than that of cisplatin. The most promising complexes ([PdI(Ph)(dppe)] and [PdI(p-CH3-Ph)(dppe)]), characterized by a diphosphine ligand with a low bite angle, exhibited, in addition to excellent cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, low activity on normal cells (MRC5 human lung fibroblasts). Specific immunofluorescence tests (cytochrome c and H2AX assays), performed to clarify the possible mechanism of action of this class of organopalladium derivatives, seemed to indicate DNA as the primary cellular target, whereas caspase 3/7 assays proved that the complex [PdI(Ph)(dppe)] was able to promote intrinsic apoptotic cell death. A detailed molecular docking analysis confirmed the importance of a diphosphine ligand with a reduced bite angle to ensure a strong DNA-complex interaction. Finally, one of the most promising complexes was tested towards patient-derived organoids, showing promising ex vivo cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Osenga V, Sykes NC, Pa S, Bambha MK, Schley ND, Johnson MW. Comparative Analysis of the Donor Properties of Isomeric Pyrrolyl Phosphine Ligands. Organometallics 2024; 43:14-20. [PMID: 38213984 PMCID: PMC10777409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the net donor and electronic properties of pyrrole-based phosphines is critical for guiding their use as ligands. In this study, we compare two isomeric 1- and 2-(diphenylphosphino)methylpyrroles (L1 and L2, respectively) to determine the degree to which N-(phosphino)pyrroles are distinct from aryl- and 2-pyrrolyl phosphines. Ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, and gold complexes as well as selenide derivatives of these ligands are examined using NMR and IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. Ligand L2 exhibits net donor properties similar to those of the o-tolyl analogue L3, while L1 shows attenuated electron donation ability. Additionally, a model nickel-catalyzed Kumada coupling reaction using these three ligands was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky
A. Osenga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Nolan C. Sykes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Sopheak Pa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Michael K. Bambha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Miles W. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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3
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Dey S, Roesler F, Höfler MV, Bruhn C, Gutmann T, Pietschnig R. Synthesis, Structure and Cu‐Phenylacetylide Coordination of an Unsymmetrically Substituted Bulky dppf‐Analog. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Dey
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Fabian Roesler
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Mark V. Höfler
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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4
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Nguyen TA, Penouilh MJ, Cattey H, Pirio N, Fleurat-Lessard P, Hierso JC, Roger J. Unsymmetrically Substituted Bis(phosphino)Ferrocenes Triggering Through-Space 31(P, P′)-Nuclear Spin Couplings and Encapsulating Coinage Metal Cations. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-José Penouilh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nadine Pirio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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6
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Suman P, Bhat HR, Janardan S, Bortamuli SP, Jha PC, Sivaramakrishna A. New Hydrazide based Tricyclic Pentacoordinate Siliconium Ions –A Facile Route to the Synthesis of Spherical Shaped Sr
5
(PO
4
)
2
SiO
4. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pothini Suman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Haamid R. Bhat
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat Sector‐30 India
| | - Sannapaneni Janardan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
- Department of Chemistry GITAM University Nagadenehalli Bengaluru Karnataka 562163 India
| | - Sidhartha Protim Bortamuli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat 382030 India
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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7
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Fokwa HD, Vidlak JF, Weinberg SC, Duplessis ID, Schley ND, Johnson MW. Study and modular synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(phosphino)pyrrole ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9957-9960. [PMID: 32686815 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the facile and modular synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,2-bis(phosphino)pyrrole ligands and their coordination chemistry. These ligands offer a promising alternative to their 1,2-bis(phosphino)benzene congeners, retaining a similar steric profile with attenuated electron donation. Proof-of-principle application of a bis(phosphino)pyrrole ligand in a nickel-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reaction under mild conditions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary D Fokwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA.
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8
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Dey S, Buzsáki D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Bulky 1,1'-bisphosphanoferrocenes and their coordination behaviour towards Cu(i). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6668-6681. [PMID: 32342065 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two bulky mesityl substituted dppf-analogues Fe(C5H4PMes2)2 (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 1) and Fe(C5H4PMes2)(C5H4PPh2) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Ph = C6H5, 3) have been prepared and their properties as donor ligands have been explored using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and in particular via1JP-Se coupling, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Based on the results obtained, a series of mono- and dinuclear Cu(i) complexes have been prepared with these new diphosphane ligands using Br-, I-, and BF4- as counter anions. For the very bulky ligand 1 rare and unprecedented double bridging complexation modes have been observed containing two non-planar Cu2Br2 units, while for the other dinuclear complexes planar Cu2Br2 units have been found. The Cu(i) complexes of 1 and 3 were then used as catalysts for CO2-fixation reaction with terminal alkynes, and complexes with ligand 3 were found to be more efficient than those with 1. DFT calculations performed on compounds 1, 3 and their Cu(i) complexes were able to verify the trend of these catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Dey
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Daniel Buzsáki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Christian P. Grugel
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Alexander M. Haydl
- Department for Intermediates—Amine SynthesisBASF SE Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
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10
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Dorel R, Grugel CP, Haydl AM. The Buchwald-Hartwig Amination After 25 Years. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17118-17129. [PMID: 31166642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl (pseudo)halides and amines is one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of C(sp2 )-N bonds. The pioneering reports from Migita and subsequently Buchwald and Hartwig on the coupling of aminostannanes and aryl bromides rapidly evolved into general and practical tin-free protocols with broad substrate scope, which led to the establishment of what is now known as the Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This Minireview summarizes the evolution of this cross-coupling reaction over the course of the past 25 years and illustrates some of the most recent applications of this well-established methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian P Grugel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Haydl
- Department for Intermediates-Amine Synthesis, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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11
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Dennis JM, White NA, Liu RY, Buchwald SL. Pd-Catalyzed C-N Coupling Reactions Facilitated by Organic Bases: Mechanistic Investigation Leads to Enhanced Reactivity in the Arylation of Weakly Binding Amines. ACS Catal 2019; 9:3822-3830. [PMID: 31649828 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to use soluble organic amine bases in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions has provided a long-awaited solution to the many issues associated with employing traditional, heterogeneous reaction conditions. However, little is known about the precise function of these bases in the catalytic cycle and about the effect of variations in base structure on catalyst reactivity. We used 19F NMR to analyze the kinetic behavior of C-N coupling reactions facilitated by different organic bases. In the case of aniline coupling reactions employing DBU, the resting state was a DBU-bound oxidative addition complex, LPd(DBU)(Ar)X, and the reaction was found to be inhibited by base. In general, however, depending on the binding properties of the chosen organic base, increased concentration of the base can have a positive or negative influence on the reaction rate. Furthermore, the electronic nature of the aryl triflate employed in the reaction directly affects the reaction rate. The fastest reaction rates were observed with electronically neutral aryl triflates, while the slowest were observed with highly electron-rich and -deficient substrates. We propose a model in which the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle depends on the relative nucleophilicity of the base compared to that of the amine. This hypothesis guided the discovery of new reaction conditions for the coupling of weakly binding amines, including secondary aryl amines, which were unreactive nucleophiles in our original protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas A. White
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Peacock DM, Jiang Q, Hanley PS, Cundari TR, Hartwig JF. Reductive Elimination from Phosphine-Ligated Alkylpalladium(II) Amido Complexes To Form sp 3 Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 29537835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of phosphine-ligated alkylpalladium(II) amido complexes that undergo reductive elimination to form alkyl-nitrogen bonds and a combined experimental and computational investigation of the factors controlling the rates of these reactions. The free-energy barriers to reductive elimination from t-Bu3P-ligated complexes were significantly lower (ca. 3 kcal/mol) than those previously reported from NHC-ligated complexes. The rates of reactions from complexes containing a series of electronically and sterically varied anilido ligands showed that the reductive elimination is slower from complexes of less electron-rich or more sterically hindered anilido ligands than from those containing more electron-rich and less hindered anilido ligands. Reductive elimination of alkylamines also occurred from complexes bearing bidentate P,O ligands. The rates of reactions of these four-coordinate complexes were slower than those for reactions of the three-coordinate, t-Bu3P-ligated complexes. The calculated pathway for reductive elimination from rigid, 2-methoxyarylphosphine-ligated complexes does not involve initial dissociation of the oxygen. Instead, reductive elimination is calculated to occur directly from the four-coordinate complex in concert with a lengthening of the Pd-O bond. To investigate this effect experimentally, a four-coordinate Pd(II) anilido complex containing a flexible, aliphatic linker between the P and O atoms was synthesized. Reductive elimination from this complex was faster than that from the analogous complex containing the more rigid, aryl linker. The flexible linker enables full dissociation of the ether ligand during reductive elimination, leading to the faster reaction of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthew Peacock
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Patrick S Hanley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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13
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Desnoyer AN, Love JA. Recent advances in well-defined, late transition metal complexes that make and/or break C-N, C-O and C-S bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:197-238. [PMID: 27849097 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical transformations that result in either the formation or cleavage of carbon-heteroatom bonds are among the most important processes in the chemical sciences. Herein, we present a review on the reactivity of well-defined, late-transition metal complexes that result in the making and breaking of C-N, C-O and C-S bonds via fundamental organometallic reactions, i.e. oxidative addition, reductive elimination, insertion and elimination reactions. When appropriate, emphasis is placed on structural and spectroscopic characterization techniques, as well as mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison N Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Jennifer A Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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14
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Munarriz J, Velez E, Casado MA, Polo V. Understanding the reaction mechanism of the oxidative addition of ammonia by (PXP)Ir(i) complexes: the role of the X group. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1105-1113. [PMID: 29238771 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the electronic rearrangements for the oxidative addition of ammonia to a set of five representative (PXP)Ir pincer complexes (X = B, CH, O, N, SiH) is performed. We aim to understand the factors controlling the activation and reaction energies of this process by combining different theoretical strategies based on DFT calculations. Interestingly, complexes featuring higher activation barriers yield more exothermic reactions. The analysis of the reaction path using the bonding evolution theory shows that the main chemical events, N-H bond cleavage and Ir-H bond formation, take place before the transition structure is reached. Metal oxidation implies an electron density transfer from non-shared Ir pairs to the Ir-N bond. This decrement in the atomic charge of the metal provokes different effects in the ionic contribution of the Ir-X bonding depending on the nature of the X atom as shown by the interacting quantum atoms methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de los Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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15
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Wang DY, Choliy Y, Haibach MC, Hartwig JF, Krogh-Jespersen K, Goldman AS. Assessment of the Electronic Factors Determining the Thermodynamics of "Oxidative Addition" of C-H and N-H Bonds to Ir(I) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:149-63. [PMID: 26652221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study of electronic factors governing the thermodynamics of C-H and N-H bond addition to Ir(I) complexes was conducted. DFT calculations were performed on an extensive series of trans-(PH3)2IrXL complexes (L = NH3 and CO; X = various monodentate ligands) to parametrize the relative σ- and π-donating/withdrawing properties of the various ligands, X. Computed energies of oxidative addition of methane to a series of three- and four-coordinate Ir(I) complexes bearing an ancillary ligand, X, were correlated with the resulting (σ(X), π(X)) parameter set. Regression analysis indicates that the thermodynamics of addition of methane to trans-(PH3)2IrX are generally strongly disfavored by increased σ-donation from the ligand X, in contradiction to widely held views on oxidative addition. The trend for oxidative addition of methane to four-coordinate Ir(I) was closely related to that observed for the three-coordinate complexes, albeit slightly more complicated. The computational analysis was found to be consistent with the rates of reductive elimination of benzene from a series of isoelectronic Ir(III) phenyl hydride complexes, measured experimentally in this work and previously reported. Extending the analysis of ancillary ligand energetic effects to the oxidative addition of ammonia to three-coordinate Ir(I) complexes leads to the conclusion that increasing σ-donation by X also disfavors oxidative addition of N-H bonds to trans-(PH3)2IrX. However, coordination of NH3 to the Ir(I) center is disfavored even more strongly by increasing σ-donation by X, which explains why the few documented examples of H-NH2 oxidative addition to transition metals involve complexes with strongly σ-donating ligands situated trans to the site of addition. An orbital-based rationale for the observed results is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yuriy Choliy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael C Haibach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan S Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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16
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Toward the development of efficient and stable Pd-catalysts for the methoxycarbonylation of medium chain alkenes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kampmann SS, Skelton BW, Wild DA, Koutsantonis GA, Stewart SG. An Air-Stable Nickel(0) Phosphite Precatalyst for Primary Alkylamine C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Holzapfel C, Bredenkamp T. An Empirical Study of Phosphine Ligands for the Methoxycarbonylation of Medium-Chain Alkenes. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Tafazolian H, Samblanet DC, Schmidt JAR. Electronic Role of 3-Iminophosphine Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om500792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Tafazolian
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
| | - Danielle C. Samblanet
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
| | - Joseph A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
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20
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Tymonko SA, Smith RC, Ambrosi A, Ober MH, Wang H, Denmark SE. Mechanistic significance of the si-o-pd bond in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of arylsilanolates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6200-18. [PMID: 25945516 PMCID: PMC4442671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Through the combination of reaction kinetics (both stoichiometric and catalytic), solution- and solid-state characterization of arylpalladium(II) arylsilanolates, and computational analysis, the intermediacy of covalent adducts containing Si-O-Pd linkages in the cross-coupling reactions of arylsilanolates has been unambiguously established. Two mechanistically distinct pathways have been demonstrated: (1) transmetalation via a neutral 8-Si-4 intermediate that dominates in the absence of free silanolate (i.e., stoichiometric reactions of arylpalladium(II) arylsilanolate complexes), and (2) transmetalation via an anionic 10-Si-5 intermediate that dominates in the cross-coupling under catalytic conditions (i.e., in the presence of free silanolate). Arylpalladium(II) arylsilanolate complexes bearing various phosphine ligands have been isolated, fully characterized, and evaluated for their kinetic competence under thermal (stoichiometric) and anionic (catalytic) conditions. Comparison of the rates for thermal and anionic activation suggested, but did not prove, that intermediates containing the Si-O-Pd linkage were involved in the cross-coupling process. The isolation of a coordinatively unsaturated, T-shaped arylpalladium(II) arylsilanolate complex ligated with t-Bu3P allowed the unambiguous demonstration of the operation of both pathways involving 8-Si-4 and 10-Si-5 intermediates. Three kinetic regimes were identified: (1) with 0.5-1.0 equiv of added silanolate (with respect to arylpalladium bromide), thermal transmetalation via a neutral 8-Si-4 intermediate; (2) with 1.0-5.0 equiv of added silanolate, activated transmetalation via an anionic 10-Si-5 intermediate; and (3) with >5.0 equiv of added silanolate, concentration-independent (saturation) activated transmetalation via an anionic 10-Si-5 intermediate. Transition states for the intramolecular transmetalation of neutral (8-Si-4) and anionic (10-Si-5) intermediates have been located computationally, and the anionic pathway is favored by 1.8 kcal/mol. The energies of all intermediates and transition states are highly dependent on the configuration around the palladium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Tymonko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Russell C Smith
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrea Ambrosi
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael H Ober
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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21
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Tymonko SA, Smith RC, Ambrosi A, Denmark SE. Mechanistic significance of the si-o-pd bond in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkenylsilanolates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6192-9. [PMID: 25945390 PMCID: PMC4442670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Through the combination of reaction kinetics (both catalytic and stoichiometric) and solid-state characterization of arylpalladium(II) alkenylsilanolate complexes, the intermediacy of covalent adducts containing Si-O-Pd linkages in the cross-coupling reactions of organosilanolates has been unambiguously established. Two mechanistically distinct pathways have been demonstrated: (1) transmetalation via a neutral 8-Si-4 intermediate that dominates in the cross-coupling of potassium alkenylsilanolates, and (2) transmetalation via an anionic 10-Si-5 intermediate that dominates in the cross-coupling of cesium alkenylsilanolates. Arylpalladium(II) alkenylsilanolate complexes bearing various phosphine ligands (both bidentate and monodentate) have been isolated, fully characterized, and evaluated for their kinetic competence under thermal (stoichiometric) and anionic (catalytic) conditions. Comparison of the rates for thermal and anionic activation demonstrates that intermediates containing the Si-O-Pd linkage are involved in the cross-coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Tymonko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Russell C Smith
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrea Ambrosi
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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22
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de Courcy B, Derat E, Piquemal JP. Bridging organometallics and quantum chemical topology: Understanding electronic relocalisation during palladium-catalyzed reductive elimination. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1167-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Courcy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique; Case courrier 137, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 720, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; Case courrier 229, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique; Case courrier 137, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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23
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W. Kabalka G, J. Musolino B. Copper Mediated Formation of Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds Using Organoboron Reagents and Ultrasound. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang SL, Huang L, Sun LJ. The mechanism, electronic and ligand effects for reductive elimination from arylPd(ii) trifluoromethyl complexes: a systematic DFT study. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4613-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Detailed reaction mechanisms and ligand effects have been studied for reductive elimination of Ar–CF3 from Pd(ii) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Lu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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25
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Cloutier JP, Vabre B, Moungang-Soumé B, Zargarian D. Synthesis and Reactivities of New NCN-Type Pincer Complexes of Nickel. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Vabre
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | - Davit Zargarian
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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26
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27
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Understanding the Mechanisms of Unusually Fast HH, CH, and CC Bond Reductive Eliminations from Gold(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14650-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Kampmann SS, Sobolev AN, Koutsantonis GA, Stewart SG. Stable Nickel(0) Phosphites as Catalysts for CN Cross-Coupling Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Falk FC, Oechsle P, Thiel WR, Daniliuc CG, Paradies J. Unsymmetrical Bisphosphines for the Amidation of Aryl Chlorides: A Kinetic Study. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Estévez L, Tuxworth LW, Sotiropoulos JM, Dyer PW, Miqueu K. Combined DFT and experimental studies of C–C and C–X elimination reactions promoted by a chelating phosphine–alkene ligand: the key role of penta-coordinate PdII. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11165-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Cowie BE, Emslie DJH. Bridging Rhodium–Iron Borataaminocarbyne Complexes Formed by Intramolecular Isonitrile–Borane Coordination. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Cowie
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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32
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Janesko BG. Modeling continuous changes in substituent electronegativity and chemical hardness using fictitious nuclear potentials. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Farkas G, Császár Z, Balogh S, Szöllősy Á, Gouygou M, Bakos J. Phosphine–phosphite ligands in the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation: Electronic and steric effects. CATAL COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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34
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SEE RONALDF, KOZINA DANIEL. Quantification of the trans influence in d8 square planar and d6 octahedral complexes: a database study. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.758842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RONALD F. SEE
- a Department of Chemistry , Indiana University of Pennsylvania , Indiana , PA , USA
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35
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Korenaga T. Highly Efficient Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions using Highly Electron-poor Arylphosphines bearing Fluoro-functional Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Beletskaya IP, Cheprakov AV. The Complementary Competitors: Palladium and Copper in C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Hanley PS, Marquard SL, Cundari TR, Hartwig JF. Reductive Elimination of Alkylamines from Low-Valent, Alkylpalladium(II) Amido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15281-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307558x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hanley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United
States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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38
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Abstract
Polynuclear transition metal complexes, which are embedded in the active sites of many metalloenzymes, are responsible for effecting a diverse array of oxidation reactions in nature. The range of chemical transformations remains unparalleled in the laboratory. With few noteworthy exceptions, chemists have primarily focused on mononuclear transition metal complexes in developing homogeneous catalysis. Our group is interested in the development of carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, with a particular focus on identifying reactions that can be applied to the synthesis of complex molecules. In this context, we have hypothesized that bimetallic redox chemistry, in which two metals participate synergistically, may lower the activation barriers to redox transformations relevant to catalysis. In this Account, we discuss redox chemistry of binuclear Pd complexes and examine the role of binuclear intermediates in Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Stoichiometric organometallic studies of the oxidation of binuclear Pd(II) complexes to binuclear Pd(III) complexes and subsequent C-X reductive elimination from the resulting binuclear Pd(III) complexes have confirmed the viability of C-X bond-forming reactions mediated by binuclear Pd(III) complexes. Metal-metal bond formation, which proceeds concurrently with oxidation of binuclear Pd(II) complexes, can lower the activation barrier for oxidation. We also discuss experimental and theoretical work that suggests that C-X reductive elimination is also facilitated by redox cooperation of both metals during reductive elimination. The effect of ligand modification on the structure and reactivity of binuclear Pd(III) complexes will be presented in light of the impact that ligand structure can exert on the structure and reactivity of binuclear Pd(III) complexes. Historically, oxidation reactions similar to those discussed here have been proposed to proceed via mononuclear Pd(IV) intermediates, and the hypothesis of mononuclear Pd(II/IV) catalysis has guided the successful development of many reactions. Herein we discuss differences between monometallic Pd(IV) and bimetallic Pd(III) redox catalysis. We address whether appreciation of the relevance of bimetallic Pd(III) redox catalysis is of academic interest exclusively, serving to provide a more nuanced description of catalysis, or if the new insight regarding bimetallic Pd(III) chemistry can be a platform to enable future reaction development. To this end, we describe an example in which the hypothesis of bimetallic redox chemistry guided reaction development, leading to the discovery of reactivity distinct from monometallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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39
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Tuxworth L, Baiget L, Phanopoulos A, Metters OJ, Batsanov AS, Fox MA, Howard JAK, Dyer PW. Phosphine–alkene ligand-mediated alkyl–alkyl and alkyl–halide elimination processes from palladium(ii). Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10413-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Hoi KH, Çalimsiz S, Froese RDJ, Hopkinson AC, Organ MG. Amination with PdNHC Complexes: Rate and Computational Studies Involving Substituted Aniline Substrates. Chemistry 2011; 18:145-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Falk FC, Fröhlich R, Paradies J. Coupling of ortho-substituted aryl chlorides with bulky amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11095-7. [PMID: 21909550 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Voluminous amides were coupled with deactivated, sterically hindered aryl chlorides in excellent yields providing products, which have not been efficiently accessible by transition metal catalysis so far. Application of an unsymmetric bisphosphine ligand was critical for the high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian C Falk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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42
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Sajith PK, Suresh CH. Mechanisms of Reductive Eliminations in Square Planar Pd(II) Complexes: Nature of Eliminated Bonds and Role of trans Influence. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8085-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Sajith
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, India 695 019
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, India 695 019
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43
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Štěpnička P, Císařová I, Schulz J. Coordination and Catalytic Properties of a Semihomologous Dppf Congener, 1-(Diphenylphosphino)-1′-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]ferrocene. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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44
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Lanni EL, Locke JR, Gleave CM, McNeil AJ. Ligand-Based Steric Effects in Ni-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Polymerizations Using Bis(dialkylphosphino)ethanes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Lanni
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jonas R. Locke
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Christine M. Gleave
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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45
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Shekhar S, Dunn TB, Kotecki BJ, Montavon DK, Cullen SC. A general method for palladium-catalyzed reactions of primary sulfonamides with aryl nonaflates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4552-63. [PMID: 21510695 DOI: 10.1021/jo200443u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general method for Pd-catalyzed sulfonamidation of aryl nonafluorobutanesulfonates (aryl nonaflates) is described. A biaryl phosphine ligand, t-BuXPhos, formed the most active catalyst, and K(3)PO(4) in tert-amyl alcohol was found to be the optimal base-solvent combination for the reaction. The reaction conditions were tolerant of various functional groups such as cyano, nitro, ester, aldehyde, ketone, chloride, carbamate, and phenol. Heterocyclic aryl nonaflates were found to be suitable coupling partners. High yields of the coupled products were obtained from the reactions between inherently disfavored substrates such as electron-rich nonaflates and electron-poor sulfonamides. Kinetic data suggest reductive elimination to be the rate-limiting step for the reaction. The only limitation of this methodology that we have identified is the inability of 2,6-disubstituted aryl nonaflates to efficiently participate in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Abbott Laboratories, Process Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States.
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46
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Hoi KH, Çalimsiz S, Froese RDJ, Hopkinson AC, Organ MG. Amination with Pd–NHC Complexes: Rate and Computational Studies on the Effects of the Oxidative Addition Partner. Chemistry 2011; 17:3086-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hou Hoi
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 416‐736‐5936
| | - Selçuk Çalimsiz
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 416‐736‐5936
| | | | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 416‐736‐5936
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 416‐736‐5936
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47
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Neukom JD, Perch NS, Wolfe JP. Intramolecular Insertion of Alkenes into Pd−N Bonds. Effects of Substrate and Ligand Structure on the Reactivity of (P−P)Pd(Ar)[N(Ar1)(CH2)3CR═CHR′] Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200008t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Neukom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Nicholas S. Perch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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Synthesis and cytotoxicity of cis-dichloroplatinum (II) complexes of (1S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Klinkenberg JL, Hartwig JF. Slow reductive elimination from arylpalladium parent amido complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11830-3. [PMID: 20695642 DOI: 10.1021/ja1023404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report reductive eliminations of primary arylamines from a series of bisphosphine-ligated arylpalladium(II) parent amido complexes that counter several established trends. In contrast to arylamido and alkylamido complexes of the aromatic bisphosphines DPPF and BINAP, parent amido complexes of these ligands do not form or undergo reductive elimination of monoarylamines. However, arylpalladium parent amido complexes ligated by the alkylbisphosphine CyPF-t-Bu do form in good yield and undergo reductive elimination. Despite the basicity of the parent amido ligand and the typically faster reductive elimination from complexes containing more basic amido ligands, the CyPF-t-Bu-ligated arylpalladium parent amido complexes undergo reductive elimination much more slowly than the analogous complexes containing arylamido or alkylamido ligands. Moreover, the parent amido complexes form more rapidly and are more stable thermodynamically in a series of exchange processes than the arylamido complexes. Computational studies support the overriding influence of steric effects on the stability and reactivity of the parent amido complex. The slow rate of reductive elimination causes the arylpalladium amido complex to be the resting state of the coupling of aryl halides with ammonia catalyzed by CyPF-t-Bu-ligated palladium, and this resting state contrasts the Pd(0) or arylpalladium(II) resting states of reactions of aryl halides with amines catalyzed by most palladium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Klinkenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Korenaga T, Abe K, Ko A, Maenishi R, Sakai T. Ligand Electronic Effect on Reductive Elimination of Biphenyl from cis-[Pt(Ph)2(diphosphine)] Complexes Bearing Electron-Poor Diphosphine: Correlation Study between Experimental and Theoretical Results. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Korenaga
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kayoko Abe
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aram Ko
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Maenishi
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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