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Kao YC, Wang YM, Yeh JY, Li SC, Wu KCW, Lin LC, Li YP. Tailoring parameters for QM/MM simulations: accurate modeling of adsorption and catalysis in zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39015995 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00681j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations offer an efficient way to model reactions occurring in complex environments. This study introduces a specialized set of charge and Lennard-Jones parameters tailored for electrostatically embedded QM/MM calculations, aiming to accurately model both adsorption processes and catalytic reactions in zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs). To validate our approach, we compare adsorption energies derived from QM/MM simulations against experimental results and Monte Carlo simulation outcomes. The developed parameters showcase the ability of QM/MM simulations to represent long-range electrostatic and van der Waals interactions faithfully. This capability is evidenced by the prediction of adsorption energies with a low root mean square error of 1.1 kcal mol-1 across a wide range of adsorbates. The practical applicability of our QM/MM model is further illustrated through the study of glucose isomerization and epimerization reactions catalyzed by two structurally distinct Zr-MOF catalysts, UiO-66 and MOF-808. Our QM/MM calculations closely align with experimental activation energies. Importantly, the parameter set introduced here is compatible with the widely used universal force field (UFF). Moreover, we thoroughly explore how the size of the cluster model and the choice of density functional theory (DFT) methodologies influence the simulation outcomes. This work provides an accurate and computationally efficient framework for modeling complex catalytic reactions within Zr-MOFs, contributing valuable insights into their mechanistic behaviors and facilitating further advancements in this dynamic area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jyun-Yi Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1350, USA
| | - Yi-Pei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Taiwan International Graduate Program on Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (TIGP-SCST), No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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2
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Chizallet C, Bouchy C, Larmier K, Pirngruber G. Molecular Views on Mechanisms of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Zeolites. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6107-6196. [PMID: 36996355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acidity of proton-exchanged zeolites has historically led to the most impactful applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, mainly in the fields of transformations of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Unravelling the mechanisms at the atomic scale of these transformations has been the object of tremendous efforts in the last decades. Such investigations have extended our fundamental knowledge about the respective roles of acidity and confinement in the catalytic properties of proton exchanged zeolites. The emerging concepts are of general relevance at the crossroad of heterogeneous catalysis and molecular chemistry. In the present review, emphasis is given to molecular views on the mechanism of generic transformations catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, combining the information gained from advanced kinetic analysis, in situ, and operando spectroscopies, and quantum chemistry calculations. After reviewing the current knowledge on the nature of the Brønsted acid sites themselves, and the key parameters in catalysis by zeolites, a focus is made on reactions undergone by alkenes, alkanes, aromatic molecules, alcohols, and polyhydroxy molecules. Elementary events of C-C, C-H, and C-O bond breaking and formation are at the core of these reactions. Outlooks are given to take up the future challenges in the field, aiming at getting ever more accurate views on these mechanisms, and as the ultimate goal, to provide rational tools for the design of improved zeolite-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Christophe Bouchy
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Kim Larmier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
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3
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Gong X, Ye Y, Chowdhury AD. Evaluating the Role of Descriptor- and Spectator-Type Reaction Intermediates During the Early Phases of Zeolite Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Ye
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei People’s Republic of China
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4
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Chen W, Yi X, Liu Z, Tang X, Zheng A. Carbocation chemistry confined in zeolites: spectroscopic and theoretical characterizations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4337-4385. [PMID: 35536126 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed reactions inside zeolites are one type of broadly applied industrial reactions, where carbocations are the most common intermediates of these reaction processes, including methanol to olefins, alkene/aromatic alkylation, and hydrocarbon cracking/isomerization. The fundamental research on these acid-catalyzed reactions is focused on the stability, evolution, and lifetime of carbocations under the zeolite confinement effect, which greatly affects the efficiency, selectivity and deactivation of zeolite catalysts. Therefore, a profound understanding of the carbocations confined in zeolites is not only beneficial to explain the reaction mechanism but also drive the design of new zeolite catalysts with ideal acidity and cages/channels. In this review, we provide both an in-depth understanding of the stabilization of carbocations by the pore confinement effect and summary of the advanced characterization methods to capture carbocations in zeolites, including UV-vis spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, fluorescence microscopy, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Also, we clarify the relationship between the activity and stability of carbocations in zeolite-catalyzed reactions, and further highlight the role of carbocations in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions inside zeolites with diverse frameworks and varying acidic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Li C, Ferri P, Paris C, Moliner M, Boronat M, Corma A. Design and Synthesis of the Active Site Environment in Zeolite Catalysts for Selectively Manipulating Mechanistic Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10718-10726. [PMID: 34240857 PMCID: PMC8529870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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By combining kinetics and theoretical calculations, we show here
the benefits of going beyond the concept of static localized and defined
active sites on solid catalysts, into a system that globally and dynamically
considers the active site located in an environment that involves
a scaffold structure particularly suited for a target reaction. We
demonstrate that such a system is able to direct the reaction through
a preferred mechanism when two of them are competing. This is illustrated
here for an industrially relevant reaction, the diethylbenzene–benzene
transalkylation. The zeolite catalyst (ITQ-27) optimizes location,
density, and environment of acid sites to drive the reaction through
the preselected and preferred diaryl-mediated mechanism, instead of
the alkyl transfer pathway. This is achieved by minimizing the activation
energy of the selected pathway through weak interactions, much in
the way that it occurs in enzymatic catalysts. We show that ITQ-27
outperforms previously reported zeolites for the DEB-Bz transalkylation
and, more specifically, industrially relevant zeolites such as faujasite,
beta, and mordenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengeng Li
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pau Ferri
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Paris
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Moliner
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Boronat
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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6
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Prieto MJ, Mullan T, Schlutow M, Gottlob DM, Tănase LC, Menzel D, Sauer J, Usvyat D, Schmidt T, Freund HJ. Insights into Reaction Kinetics in Confined Space: Real Time Observation of Water Formation under a Silica Cover. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8780-8790. [PMID: 34096299 PMCID: PMC8297729 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We offer a comprehensive
approach to determine how physical confinement
can affect the water formation reaction. By using free-standing crystalline
SiO2 bilayer supported on Ru(0001) as a model system, we
studied the water formation reaction under confinement in situ and
in real time. Low-energy electron microscopy reveals that the reaction
proceeds via the formation of reaction fronts propagating across the
Ru(0001) surface. The Arrhenius analyses of the front velocity yield
apparent activation energies (Eaapp) of 0.32 eV for the confined
and 0.59 eV for the nonconfined reaction. DFT simulations indicate
that the rate-determining step remains unchanged upon confinement,
therefore ruling out the widely accepted transition state effect.
Additionally, H2O accumulation cannot explain the change
in Eaapp for the confined cases studied because its concentration
remains low. Instead, numerical simulations of the proposed kinetic
model suggest that the H2 adsorption process plays a decisive
role in reproducing the Arrhenius plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio J Prieto
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mullan
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Schlutow
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M Gottlob
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liviu C Tănase
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich Menzel
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Physik-Department E20, Technical University München, James-Franck-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Usvyat
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Han M, Xue Z, Ling L, Zhang R, Fan M, Wang B. Effect of Lewis/Brønsted acid sites in HZSM−5 zeolite on the selectivity of para-xylene during methylation of toluene with methanol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Song W, Huan Q, Lu J, Gao Y, Han S, Gao M, Ma Y, Yu H, Wang Y, Cui G, Zhao Z, Xu C, Jiang G. Synergistic construction of bifunctional and stable Pt/HZSM-5-based catalysts for efficient catalytic cracking of n-butane. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5103-5114. [PMID: 33650600 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00302j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient conversion of light alkanes is of essential significance for enhancing the utilization efficiency of resources and exploring the activation and evolution regulation of C-C and C-H bonds in stable molecules. The processes are often executed with catalysts under harsh conditions. The olefin yield and metal stability have been the long-standing concerns. Herein, we report a facile strategy of constructing a bifunctional Pt/HZSM-5-based catalyst by two-step atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve a high light olefin formation rate of 0.48 mmol gcat-1·min-1 in the catalytic cracking of n-butane at 600 °C, which is ∼2.2 times higher than that of the conventional Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst (0.22 mmol gcat-1·min-1). Moreover, the bifunctional Pt/HZSM-5-based catalyst exhibited outstanding recyclability and excellent metal stability against sintering in comparison with conventional Pt/HZSM-5. Detailed microscopic and spectroscopic characterization studies demonstrate that the metal oxide (TiO2 or Al2O3) coating not only prevents the metal from high-temperature sintering, but also regulates the proportion of coordinately unsaturated platinum surface atoms. Theoretical calculations further confirm the preference of nucleation of TiO2 or Al2O3 on coordinately unsaturated platinum sites, which in turn modulates the bifunctional dehydrogenation-cracking pathway to improve the olefin formation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yuming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Qing Huan
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junling Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Shanlei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Manglai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yingjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Hongjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Guoqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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9
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Lou C, Zhang W, Ma C, Fan B, Xu S, Gao S, Guo P, Wei Y, Liu Z. Revealing the Specific Spatial Confinement in 8‐membered Ring Cage‐type Molecular Sieves via Solid‐state NMR and Theoretical Calculations. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi Lou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Benhan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Shushu Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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10
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11
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Foley BL, Bhan A. Transient and Steady-State Kinetic Studies of Formaldehyde Alkylation of Benzene to Form Diphenylmethane on HZSM-5 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Foley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aditya Bhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Density Functional Theory Study of the Zeolite-Catalyzed Methylation of Benzene with Methanol. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Margarit VJ, Osman M, Al-Khattaf S, Martínez C, Boronat M, Corma A. Control of the Reaction Mechanism of Alkylaromatics Transalkylation by Means of Molecular Confinement Effects Associated to Zeolite Channel Architecture. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente J. Margarit
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mogahid Osman
- Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Al-Khattaf
- Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Boronat
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Yi X, Liu K, Chen W, Li J, Xu S, Li C, Xiao Y, Liu H, Guo X, Liu SB, Zheng A. Origin and Structural Characteristics of Tri-coordinated Extra-framework Aluminum Species in Dealuminated Zeolites. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10764-10774. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kangyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Stable and Unstable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Stable and Unstable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Bin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- Wuhan-Oxford Joint Catalysis Laboratory, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
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15
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Kosinov N, Liu C, Hensen EJM, Pidko EA. Engineering of Transition Metal Catalysts Confined in Zeolites. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:3177-3198. [PMID: 29861546 PMCID: PMC5973782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-zeolite composites are versatile catalytic materials for a wide range of industrial and lab-scale processes. Significant advances in fabrication and characterization of well-defined metal centers confined in zeolite matrixes have greatly expanded the library of available materials and, accordingly, their catalytic utility. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field from the perspective of materials chemistry, focusing on synthesis, postsynthesis modification, (operando) spectroscopy characterization, and computational modeling of transition metal-zeolite catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kosinov
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail: (N.K.)
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Schuit
Institute of Catalysis, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- E-mail: (E.J.M.H.)
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- E-mail: (E.A.P.)
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16
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Guisnet M, Pinard L. Characterization of acid-base catalysts through model reactions. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1446683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guisnet
- University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ludovic Pinard
- CNRS UMR7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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17
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Ponnuru K, Manayil JC, Cho HJ, Fan W, Wilson K, Jentoft FC. Intraparticle Diffusional versus Site Effects on Reaction Pathways in Liquid-Phase Cross Aldol Reactions. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:386-401. [PMID: 29316166 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemo- and regioselectivity in a heterogeneously catalyzed cross aldol reaction were directed by tuning the nature of the sites, textural properties, and reaction conditions. Catalysts included sulfonic acid-functionalized resins or SBA-15 with varying particle size or pore diameter, H-BEA zeolites, and Sn-BEA zeotype; conditions were 25 °C to 170 °C in organic media. Benzaldehyde and 2-butanone yielded branched (reaction at -CH2 - of butanone) and linear (reaction at -CH3 ) addition and condensation products; and fission of the branched aldol led to β-methyl styrene and acetic acid. Strong acids promoted the dehydration step, and regioselectivity originated from preferred formation of the branched aldol. Both, resins and functionalized SBA-15 materials yielded predominantly the branched condensation product, unless particle morphology or temperature moved the reaction into the diffusion-limited regime, in which case more fission products were formed, corresponding to Wheeler Type II selectivity. For H-form zeolites, fission of the branched aldol competed with dehydration of the linear aldol, possibly because weaker acidity or steric restrictions prevented dehydration of the branched aldol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Ponnuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 N Pleasant, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jinesh C Manayil
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Hong Je Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 N Pleasant, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 N Pleasant, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Karen Wilson
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,New address: School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Friederike C Jentoft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 N Pleasant, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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18
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Reaction intermediates and mechanism of the zeolite-catalyzed transalkylation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with toluene. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Knott BC, Nimlos CT, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Kim S, Gounder R. Consideration of the Aluminum Distribution in Zeolites in Theoretical and Experimental Catalysis Research. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Knott
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Claire T. Nimlos
- Charles
D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480
Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Seonah Kim
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles
D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480
Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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20
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Impact of acidic properties of HBEA zeolite on isomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Wen Z, Yang D, Yang F, Wei Z, Zhu X. Methylation of toluene with methanol over HZSM-5: A periodic density functional theory investigation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Zheng A, Li S, Liu SB, Deng F. Acidic Properties and Structure-Activity Correlations of Solid Acid Catalysts Revealed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:655-63. [PMID: 26990961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid acid materials with tunable structural and acidic properties are promising heterogeneous catalysts for manipulating and/or emulating the activity and selectivity of industrially important catalytic reactions. On the other hand, the performances of acid-catalyzed reactions are mostly dictated by the acidic features, namely, type (Brønsted vs Lewis acidity), amount, strength, and local environment of acid sites. The latter is relevant to their location (intra- vs extracrystalline), and possible confinement and Brønsted-Lewis acid synergy effects that may strongly affect the host-guest interactions, reaction mechanism, and shape selectivity of the catalytic system. This account aims to highlight some important applications of state-of-the-art solid-state NMR (SSNMR) techniques for exploring the structural and acidic properties of solid acid catalysts as well as their catalytic performances and relevant reaction pathway invoked. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations may be exploited in conjunction with experimental SSNMR studies to verify the structure-activity correlations of the catalytic system at a microscopic scale. We describe in this Account the developments and applications of advanced ex situ and/or in situ SSNMR techniques, such as two-dimensional (2D) double-quantum magic-angle spinning (DQ MAS) homonuclear correlation spectroscopy for structural investigation of solid acids as well as study of their acidic properties. Moreover, the energies and electronic structures of the catalysts and detailed catalytic reaction processes, including the identification of reaction species, elucidation of reaction mechanism, and verification of structure-activity correlations, made available by DFT theoretical calculations were also discussed. Relevant discussions will focus primarily on results obtained from our laboratories in the past decade, including (i) quantitative and qualitative acidity characterization utilizing assorted probe molecules, (ii) probing the spatial proximity and synergy effect of acid sites, and (iii) influence of acid features and pore confinement effect on catalytic activity, transition-state stability, reaction pathway, and product selectivity of solid acid catalysts such as zeolites, metal oxides, and heteropolyacids. It is conclusive that a synergy of acidity (local effect) and pore confinement (environmental effect) tend to strongly dictate the formations of intermediates and transition states, hence, the reaction pathways and catalytic performance of solid acid catalysts. We hope that these information can provide additional insights toward our understanding in heterogeneous catalysis, especially the roles of structural and acidic properties on catalytic performances and reaction mechanism of acid-catalyzed systems, which should be beneficial for rational design of solid acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shang-Bin Liu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Feng Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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23
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Methane formation mechanism in methanol to hydrocarbon process: A periodic density functional theory study. CATAL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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24
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Tuma C, Sauer J. Quantum chemical ab initio prediction of proton exchange barriers between CH4 and different H-zeolites. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:102810. [PMID: 26374003 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid MP2:DFT (second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory-density functional theory) method that combines MP2 calculations for cluster models with DFT calculations for the full periodic structure is used to localize minima and transition structures for proton jumps at different Brønsted sites in different frameworks (chabazite, faujasite, ferrierite, and ZSM-5) and at different crystallographic positions of a given framework. The MP2 limit for the periodic structures is obtained by extrapolating the results of a series of cluster models of increasing size. A coupled-cluster (CCSD(T)) correction to MP2 energies is calculated for cluster models consisting of three tetrahedra. For the adsorption energies, this difference is small, between 0.1 and 0.9 kJ/mol, but for the intrinsic proton exchange barriers, this difference makes a significant (10.85 ± 0.25 kJ/mol) and almost constant contribution across different systems. The total values of the adsorption energies vary between 22 and 34 kJ/mol, whereas the total proton exchange energy barriers fall in the narrow range of 152-156 kJ/mol. After adding nuclear motion contributions (harmonic approximation, 298 K), intrinsic enthalpy barriers between 134 and 141 kJ/mol and apparent energy barriers between 105 and 118 kJ/mol are predicted for the different sites examined for the different frameworks. These predictions are consistent with experimental results available for faujasite, ferrierite, and ZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tuma
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Van Speybroeck V, Hemelsoet K, Joos L, Waroquier M, Bell RG, Catlow CRA. Advances in theory and their application within the field of zeolite chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7044-111. [PMID: 25976164 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are versatile and fascinating materials which are vital for a wide range of industries, due to their unique structural and chemical properties, which are the basis of applications in gas separation, ion exchange and catalysis. Given their economic impact, there is a powerful incentive for smart design of new materials with enhanced functionalities to obtain the best material for a given application. Over the last decades, theoretical modeling has matured to a level that model guided design has become within reach. Major hurdles have been overcome to reach this point and almost all contemporary methods in computational materials chemistry are actively used in the field of modeling zeolite chemistry and applications. Integration of complementary modeling approaches is necessary to obtain reliable predictions and rationalizations from theory. A close synergy between experimentalists and theoreticians has led to a deep understanding of the complexity of the system at hand, but also allowed the identification of shortcomings in current theoretical approaches. Inspired by the importance of zeolite characterization which can now be performed at the single atom and single molecule level from experiment, computational spectroscopy has grown in importance in the last decade. In this review most of the currently available modeling tools are introduced and illustrated on the most challenging problems in zeolite science. Directions for future model developments will be given.
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26
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Zhao Y, Zhang M, Ren D, Tan W, Li X, Wang X, Guo X. A new catalytic process for producing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene on nano-sized HZSM-5 by methylation of mixed xylene isomers with methanol. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene disproportionation over large-pore zeolites: An experimental and theoretical study. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Li J, Wei Y, Chen J, Xu S, Tian P, Yang X, Li B, Wang J, Liu Z. Cavity Controls the Selectivity: Insights of Confinement Effects on MTO Reaction. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Li
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingrun Chen
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Tian
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bing Li
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory
for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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29
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Byun Y, Jo D, Shin DN, Hong SB. Theoretical Investigation of the Isomerization and Disproportionation of m-Xylene over Medium-Pore Zeolites with Different Framework Topologies. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500186y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngchul Byun
- Center
for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, School of Environmental
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Donghui Jo
- Center
for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, School of Environmental
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Nam Shin
- Environmental
Research Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center
for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, School of Environmental
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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30
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Min HK, Hong SB. Recent Advances in the Mechanistic Studies of Alkylaromatic Conversions over Zeolite Catalysts. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2013.51.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Min HK, Cha SH, Hong SB. Mechanistic Insights into the Zeolite-Catalyzed Isomerization and Disproportionation of m-Xylene. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300127w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ki Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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32
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Zimmerman PM, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. Selection and Validation of Charge and Lennard-Jones Parameters for QM/MM Simulations of Hydrocarbon Interactions with Zeolites. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1695-703. [DOI: 10.1021/ct2001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1461, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1461, United States
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
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33
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Jiang Y, Huang J, Dai W, Hunger M. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of the nature, property, and activity of acid sites on solid catalysts. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2011; 39:116-141. [PMID: 21592743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Further progress in the field of heterogeneous catalysis depends on our knowledge of the nature and behavior of surface sites on solid catalysts and of the mechanisms of chemical reactions catalyzed by these materials. In the past decades, solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been developed to an important tool for routine characterization of solid catalysts. The present work gives a review on experimental approaches and applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for investigating Brønsted and Lewis sites on solid acids. Studies focusing on the generation of surface sites via post-synthesis modification routes of microporous and mesoporous materials support the development of new and the improvement of existing catalyst systems. High-temperature and flow techniques of in situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy allow a deeper insight into the mechanisms of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions and open the way for studying the activity of acidic surface sites. They help to clarify the activation of reactants on Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and improve our understanding of mechanisms affecting the selectivity of acid-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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34
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De Moor BA, Ghysels A, Reyniers MF, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, Marin GB. Normal Mode Analysis in Zeolites: Toward an Efficient Calculation of Adsorption Entropies. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1090-101. [DOI: 10.1021/ct1005505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart A. De Moor
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Ghysels
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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35
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Aue DH. Carbocations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Hansen N, Kerber T, Sauer J, Bell AT, Keil FJ. Quantum Chemical Modeling of Benzene Ethylation over H-ZSM-5 Approaching Chemical Accuracy: A Hybrid MP2:DFT Study. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11525-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102261m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Torsten Kerber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Frerich J. Keil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
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37
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Rejmak P, Mitoraj M, Broclawik E. Electronic view on ethene adsorption in Cu(I) exchanged zeolites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2321-30. [PMID: 20449345 DOI: 10.1039/b920551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethene adsorption on isolated Cu(i) sites in two types of zeolites (faujasite and MFI) is investigated by means of the embedded cluster method. Structures, energetic stabilities and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching vibrations in adsorption complexes are discussed. Furthermore, for interpretative purposes, the interaction energies are decomposed, using novel approaches based on so called natural orbitals for chemical valence. Ethene is always symmetrically bound to Cu(i) ion by both C atoms. In some cases two local minima of similar stability on the potential energy surface, differing by Cu(i) site relaxation can be found that may be simultaneously populated in equilibrium. Binding energies usually decrease with the degree of reconstruction of Cu(i) site after adsorption, however, in particular cases, a more distorted structure can be slightly more stable if favorable pi* back donation overwhelms the distortion effects. Calculated values of binding energies for Cu(i)-Y zeolite (about 80 kJ mol(-1)) agree well with microcalorimetric data. We predict that ethene binding in MFI is over two times stronger (to the best of our knowledge no experimental data are available). The C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching frequency is not site specific, but depends only on the type of copper connectivity to oxygen nodes. The appearance of two C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bands in IR spectra of Cu(i)-faujasite can be explained as the effect of coexistence of two types of adsorption complexes, with Cu(i) coordinated to one or two framework tetrahedrons, respectively. In Cu(i)-MFI, only one type of adsorption complex with Cu(i) ion coordinated to a single tetrahedron exists, as only a single C[double bond, length as m-dash]C band is present in IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Rejmak
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Niezapominajek 8, Poland.
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Nguyen CM, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Theoretical study of the adsorption of C1–C4 primary alcohols in H-ZSM-5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9481-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c000503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang J. ONIOM study of isomerization reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons in acidic mordenite zeolite. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:946-53. [PMID: 19229901 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two different mechanisms: Shift 1,2-isomerization and isomerization via the disproportionation reaction are investigated for aromatic hydrocarbons over acidic mordenite zeolite by using our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics (ONIOM) scheme. The picture shows a schematic energy profile for the isomerization of toluene catalyzed by acidic mordenite.The geometrical structures and energies of isomerization reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed by the 128T cluster model of acidic mordenite zeolite are studied by using our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics (ONIOM) scheme. The aromatic hydrocarbons investigated are toluene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes. Two proposed intramolecular reaction mechanisms, that is, shift 1,2-isomerization and isomerization via the disproportionation reaction, are studied and discussed in detail. Both of the mechanisms firstly proceed by protonation of aromatic hydrocarbons to form the aromatic-based carbenium ions. Attempts to determine the prevailing reaction mechanism of the isomerization are evaluated. In most cases, the isomerization reactivity sequence is: trimethylbenzenes>xylenes>toluene. The conclusions obtained using the ONIOM scheme agree with the available periodic DFT and experimental results on acidic mordenite zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
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Svelle S, Tuma C, Rozanska X, Kerber T, Sauer J. Quantum Chemical Modeling of Zeolite-Catalyzed Methylation Reactions: Toward Chemical Accuracy for Barriers. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:816-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807695p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stian Svelle
- inGAP Center of Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Tuma
- inGAP Center of Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Rozanska
- inGAP Center of Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Kerber
- inGAP Center of Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- inGAP Center of Research Based Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
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Smit B, Maesen TLM. Molecular Simulations of Zeolites: Adsorption, Diffusion, and Shape Selectivity. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4125-84. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Berend Smit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire (CECAM), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon France
| | - Theo L. M. Maesen
- Chevron, Energy Technology Company, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Marthala VRR, Hunger M. Insight into the Mechanisms of the Ethylbenzene Disproportionation: Transition State Shape Selectivity on Zeolites. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12642-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8042849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - V. R. Reddy Marthala
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Hunger
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Marthala VRR, Ooi YS, Hunger M. Regioselective H/D Exchange at the Side-Chain of Ethylbenzene on Dealuminated Zeolite H-Y Studied by In Situ MAS NMR–UV/Vis Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1107-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bhan A, Iglesia E. A link between reactivity and local structure in acid catalysis on zeolites. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:559-67. [PMID: 18278876 DOI: 10.1021/ar700181t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which spatial constraints influence rates and pathways in catalysis depends on the structure of intermediates, transition states, and active sites involved. We aim to answer, as we seek insights into catalytic mechanisms and site requirements, persistent questions about the potential for controlling rates and selectivities by rational design of spatial constraints around active sites within inorganic structures useful as catalysts. This Account addresses these matters for the specific case of reactions on zeolites that contain Brønsted acid sites encapsulated within subnanometer channels. We compare and contrast here the effects of local zeolite structure on the dynamics of the carbonylation of surface methyl groups and of the isotopic exchange of CD4 with surface OH groups on zeolites. Methyl and hydroxyl groups are the smallest monovalent cations relevant in catalysis by zeolites. Their small size, taken together with their inability to desorb except via reactions with other species, allowed us to discriminate between stabilization of cationic transition states and stabilization of adsorbed reactants and products by spatial constraints. We show that apparent effects of proton density and of zeolite channel structure on dimethyl ether carbonylation turnover rates reflect instead the remarkable specificity of eight-membered ring zeolite channels in accelerating kinetically relevant steps that form *COCH3 species via CO insertion into methyl groups. This specificity reflects the selective stabilization of cationic transition states via interactions with framework oxygen anions. These findings for carbonylation catalysts contrast sharply the weak effects of channel structure on the rate of exchange of CD4 with OH groups. This latter reaction involves concerted symmetric transition states with much lower charge than that required for CH3 carbonylation. Our Account extends the scope of shape selectivity concepts beyond those reflecting size exclusion and preferential adsorption. Our ability to discriminate among various effects of spatial constraints depends critically on dissecting chemical conversions into elementary steps of kinetic relevance and on eliminating secondary reactions and accounting for the concomitant effects of zeolite structure on the stability of adsorbed reactants and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Enrique Iglesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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Gleeson D. A theoretical study of cis–trans isomerisation in H-ZSM5: probing the impact of cluster size and zeolite framework on energetics and structure. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 22:579-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Richard F, Boita T, Moreau M, Bachmann C, Pérot G. Transformation of thiophenic compounds over HY zeolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Lesthaeghe D, De Sterck B, Van Speybroeck V, Marin GB, Waroquier M. Zeolite shape-selectivity in the gem-methylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1311-4. [PMID: 17203499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lesthaeghe
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Bhan A, Allian AD, Sunley GJ, Law DJ, Iglesia E. Specificity of Sites within Eight-Membered Ring Zeolite Channels for Carbonylation of Methyls to Acetyls. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4919-24. [PMID: 17397162 DOI: 10.1021/ja070094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed formation of carbon-carbon bonds from C1 precursors via CO insertion into chemisorbed methyl groups occurs selectively within eight-membered ring (8-MR) zeolite channels. This elementary step controls catalytic carbonylation rates of dimethyl ether (DME) to methyl acetate. The number of O-H groups within 8-MR channels was measured by rigorous deconvolution of the infrared bands for O-H groups in cation-exchanged and acid forms of mordenite (M,H-MOR) and ferrierite (H-FER) after adsorption of basic probe molecules of varying size. DME carbonylation rates are proportional to the number of O-H groups within 8-MR channels. Na+ cations selectively replaced protons within 8-MR channels and led to a disproportionate decrease in carbonylation turnover rates (per total H+). These conclusions are consistent with the low or undetectable rates of carbonylation on zeolites without 8-MR channels (H-BEA, H-FAU, H-MFI). Such specificity of methyl reactivity upon confinement within small channels appears to be unprecedented in catalysis by microporous solids, which typically select reactions by size exclusion of bulkier transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Lesthaeghe D, De Sterck B, Van Speybroeck V, Marin G, Waroquier M. Zeolite Shape-Selectivity in thegem-Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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