1
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Abramov AA, Zinin AI, Kolotyrkina NG, Kononov LO, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Mild and General Protocol for Selective Deacetylation of Acetyl/Benzoyl-Protected Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10021-10026. [PMID: 38955329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild and general protocol for chemoselective deacetylation of mixed acetyl- and benzoyl-protected carbohydrates under mild acidic conditions. The protocol allows quick access to partially protected carbohydrates, which serve as versatile synthetic intermediates during the total synthesis of various mono- and oligosaccharide targets. The applicability of the developed protocol was successfully demonstrated on a range of carbohydrate substrates of various configurations and substitution patterns featuring functionalized aliphatic and aromatic aglycones. The protocol has shown excellent compatibility with the widely used O-anomeric protecting groups, prespacer aglycones, and thioglycoside glycosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya G Kolotyrkina
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Yue S, Ding G, Zheng Y, Song C, Xu P, Yu B, Li J. Dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate as practical and versatile O-sulfation reagents. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1861. [PMID: 38424087 PMCID: PMC10904734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
O-Sulfation is a vital post-translational modification in bioactive molecules, yet there are significant challenges with their synthesis. Dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate are commonly used as alkylation agents in alkaline conditions, and result in the formation of sulfate byproducts. We report herein a general and robust approach to O-sulfation by harnessing the tunable reactivity of dimethyl sulfate or diisopropyl sulfate under tetrabutylammonium bisulfate activation. The versatility of this O-sulfation protocol is interrogated with a diverse range of alcohols, phenols and N-OH compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids and natural products. The enhanced electrophilicity of the sulfur atom in dialkyl sulfates, facilitated by the interaction with bisulfate anion (HSO4-), accounts for this pioneering chemical reactivity. We envision that our method will be useful for application in the comprehension of biological functions and discovery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiakun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
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3
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Liu W, Hu Z, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux via 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8506-8510. [PMID: 37983186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we disclosed a convenient procedure for the preparation of EPP [3,5-dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl] glycosides and their application to an effective synthesis of fondaparinux, the clinically approved anticoagulant heparin pentasaccharide. The use of EPP glycosides in the one-pot orthogonal glycosylation for the synthesis of heparin-like tetrasaccharides has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhifei Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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4
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Mohan B, Shanmugaraju S. Synthesis, characterization, and heparin-binding study of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(II) metallocycle based on a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base supramolecular scaffold. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2566-2570. [PMID: 36330868 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the very first example of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(II) metallocycle based on a green emitting 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap) supramolecular scaffold. A new cleft-shaped TBNap-derived di-4-picolyl donor was synthesized and reacted in a 2 : 2 stoichiometry ratio with a dinuclear Ru(II) acceptor (Ru-A) to generate a [2 + 2] self-assembled metallocycle (TBNap-Ru-MC) in good yield. Both TBNap and TBNap-Ru-MC showed positive solvatochromism in different solvents with varying polarities. In addition, the binding propensity of cationic TBNap-Ru-MC toward the heparin polyanion was determined using fluorescence titration studies. The initial fluorescence emission of TBNap-Ru-MC was quenched upon the gradual addition of the heparin polyanion, and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) was calculated to be 3.97 × 105 M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binduja Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India.
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5
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Xu Z, Hao T, Wang PG, Zhao W, Li T. Design and Synthesis of Neutralizable Fondaparinux. JACS AU 2022; 2:2791-2799. [PMID: 36590263 PMCID: PMC9795572 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a clinically approved anticoagulant pentasaccharide for the treatment of thrombotic diseases, displays better efficacy and biosafety than other heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. However, there is no suitable antidote available for fondaparinux to efficiently manage its potential bleeding risks, thereby precluding its widespread use. Herein, we describe a convergent and stereocontrolled approach to efficiently synthesize an aminopentyl-functionalized pentasaccharide, which is further used to prepare fondaparinux-based biotin conjugates and clusters. Biological activity evaluation demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of the fondaparinux-based biotin conjugate and trimer is, respectively, neutralized by avidin and protamine as effective antidotes. This work suggests that our synthetic biotin conjugate and trimer have potential for the development of neutralizable and safe anticoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhui Hao
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School
of Medicine, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory
of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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6
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Borbás A, Herczeg M, Demeter F, Bényei A. Synthesis of the Three Most Expensive l-Hexose Thioglycosides from d-Glucose. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe biologically important l-hexoses, which are less widespread than d-hexoses, cannot be obtained from natural sources or can only be extracted very costly. Due to the complexity of their synthesis, their commercially available derivatives (which are sold mostly in free form) are also very expensive, which is further exacerbated by the current rapid rise in prices. In the present work, starting from the cheapest d-hexose, d-glucose, using inexpensive and readily available chemicals, a reaction pathway was developed in which the three most expensive l-hexoses (l-idose, l-altrose, and l-talose) were successfully prepared in orthogonally protected thioglycoside form, ready for glycosylation. The l-ido and l-talo derivatives were synthesized by C-5 epimerization of the corresponding 5,6-unsaturated thioglycosides. From the l-ido derivatives, the orthogonally protected thioglycosides of l-altrose were then prepared by C-4 epimerization. Different approaches to the preparation of the key intermediates, 5,6-unsaturated thioglycoside derivatives, were systematically investigated in the presence of various protecting groups (ether and ester) and using commercially available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
- Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
| | - Attila Bényei
- Laboratory for X-ray Diffraction, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen
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7
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Uchimura K, Nishitsuji K, Chiu L, Ohgita T, Saito H, Allain F, Gannedi V, Wong C, Hung S. Design and Synthesis of 6-O-Phosphorylated Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides to Inhibit Amyloid β Aggregation. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200191. [PMID: 35585797 PMCID: PMC9401075 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of amyloidogenic proteins and their abnormal processing and deposition in tissues cause systemic and localized amyloidosis. Formation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils that deposit as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is an earliest pathological hallmark. The polysulfated heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) is one of the non-protein components of Aβ deposits that not only modulates Aβ aggregation, but also acts as a receptor for Aβ fibrils to mediate their cytotoxicity. Interfering with the interaction between HS/HP and Aβ could be a therapeutic strategy to arrest amyloidosis. Here we have synthesized the 6-O-phosphorylated HS/HP oligosaccharides and reported their competitive effects on the inhibition of HP-mediated Aβ fibril formation in vitro using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and a tapping mode atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRSUMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of BiochemistryWakayama Medical University811–1 KimiideraWakayama641-8509Japan
| | - Li‐Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica, 128, Section 2 Academia RoadTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Takashi Ohgita
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5Misasagi-Nakauchi-choYamashina-kuKyoto607-8414Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5Misasagi-Nakauchi-choYamashina-kuKyoto607-8414Japan
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRSUMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | | | - Chi‐Huey Wong
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica, 128, Section 2 Academia RoadTaipei11529Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute10550 North Torrey Pines Road BCC 338La JollaCA 92037USA
| | - Shang‐Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica, 128, Section 2 Academia RoadTaipei11529Taiwan
- Department of Applied ScienceNational Taitung University369, Section 2 University RoadTaitung95092Taiwan
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8
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O'Sullivan J, Muñoz-Muñoz J, Turnbull G, Sim N, Penny S, Moschos S. Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20432-20446. [PMID: 35919168 PMCID: PMC9281799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy. We describe various complex oligosaccharides (OSs) and ask what others could be used to target receptors for NAT delivery and the opportunities awaiting exploration of this chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Sullivan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Jose Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Neil Sim
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Stuart Penny
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Sterghios Moschos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
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9
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Demeter F, Bereczki I, Borbás A, Herczeg M. Synthesis of Four Orthogonally Protected Rare l-Hexose Thioglycosides from d-Mannose by C-5 and C-4 Epimerization. Molecules 2022; 27:3422. [PMID: 35684360 PMCID: PMC9182441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Hexoses are important components of biologically relevant compounds and precursors of some therapeuticals. However, they typically cannot be obtained from natural sources and due to the complexity of their synthesis, their commercially available derivatives are also very expensive. Starting from one of the cheapest d-hexoses, d-mannose, using inexpensive and readily available chemicals, we developed a reaction pathway to obtain two orthogonally protected l-hexose thioglycoside derivatives, l-gulose and l-galactose, through the corresponding 5,6-unsaturated thioglycosides by C-5 epimerization. From these derivatives, the orthogonally protected thioglycosides of further two l-hexoses (l-allose and l-glucose) were synthesized by C-4 epimerization. The preparation of the key intermediates, the 5,6-unsaturated derivatives, was systematically studied using various protecting groups. By the method developed, we are able to produce highly functionalized l-gulose derivatives in 9 steps (total yields: 21-23%) and l-galactose derivatives in 12 steps (total yields: 6-8%) starting from d-mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Zhou Z, Zhang L, Wu X, Luo L, Wu J, Xu D, Wu M. Chemical synthesis and pharmacological properties of heparin pentasaccharide analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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MILANOVIC J, MILADINOVIC M. The kinetics of heparin adsorption with Dowex 1x1 ion exchange resin. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.68222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Dulaney SB, Huang X. Strategies in Synthesis of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides: 2000-Present. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:121-164. [PMID: 34872655 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are members of the glycosaminoglycan family that are involved in a multitude of biological processes. The great interests in the anticoagulant properties of heparin have stimulated major advances in synthetic strategies toward clinically effective analogues, as demonstrated importantly by the approval of the fully synthetic pentasaccharide fragment, termed fondaparinux (Arixtra®), of the heparin macromolecule for treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Given the highly complex nature of heparin and heparan sulfate, the chemical synthesis of their components is a challenging endeavor. In the past decade, multiple approaches have been developed to improve the overall synthetic efficiency. New strategies have emerged that can generate libraries of oligosaccharide components of heparin and heparan sulfate. This article discusses recent developments in the assembly of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides and the associated challenges in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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French AD. Combining Computational Chemistry and Crystallography for a Better Understanding of the Structure of Cellulose. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:15-93. [PMID: 34872656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The approaches in this article seek to enhance understanding of cellulose at the molecular level, independent of the source and the particular crystalline form of cellulose. Four main areas of structure research are reviewed. Initially, the molecular shape is inferred from the crystal structures of many small molecules that have β-(1→4) linkages. Then, conformational analyses with potential energy calculations of cellobiose are covered, followed by the use of Atoms-In-Molecules theory to learn about interactions in experimental and theoretical structures. The last section covers models of cellulose nanoparticles. Controversies addressed include the stability of twofold screw-axis conformations, the influence of different computational methods, the predictability of crystalline conformations by studies of isolated molecules, and the twisting of model cellulose crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D French
- Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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14
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Selective and efficient extraction of heparin by arginine-functionalized flowered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with high capacity. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Preparation of rare L-idose derivatives from D-glucofuranose via neighboring acyl group assistance. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Paul A, Kulkarni SS. Synthesis of L-hexoses: an Update. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3224-3237. [PMID: 34075685 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, carbohydrates have increasingly become an important class of compounds contributing significantly to the target specific drug discovery and vaccine development. Several oligosaccharides contain L-hexoses that are biologically relevant as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Since, L-hexoses and deoxy L-hexoses are not readily available in large amount and pure form, attention is drawn towards development of cost effective and high yielding synthetic routes for their procurement. In this review we give an update on the recent developments in strategies for synthesis of L-hexoses and deoxy L-hexoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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18
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Yu B, Wang S. Solving the Structural Puzzles of Amipurimycin and Miharamycins Enabled by Stereodivergent Total Synthesis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3015-3028. [PMID: 33835677 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The efforts toward the synthesis of amipurimycin and miharamycin A/B, two peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics bearing a unique nine carbon C3-branched pyranosyl amino acid core, are accounted. Highlighted is our stereodivergent total synthesis of all the possible diastereoisomers of amipurimycin, which has enabled us to solve the structural puzzles of amipurimycin and miharamycin A/B after ∼50 years of their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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19
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Zhang L, Wang X, Hua Q, Wang J, Liu J, Yang Y. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of the sulfated tetrasaccharide motif of type B ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7932-7935. [PMID: 33001123 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide from green algae with potent antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, no chemical synthesis of ulvan saccharides has been reported to date. In this paper, we performed the first efficient synthesis of the unique sulfated tetrasaccharide motif of type B ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate. Based on the gold(i)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl ynenoates as donors, efficient construction of the challenging α-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds between iduronic acid and rhamnose building blocks was achieved to afford the tetrasaccharide skeleton in a stereospecific manner. The synthetic sulfated tetrasaccharide was found to significantly improve the phagocytic activity of macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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20
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Liu C, Yang C, Hwang S, Ferraro SL, Flynn JP, Niu J. A General Approach to O-Sulfation by a Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18435-18441. [PMID: 32644280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
O-sulfation is an important chemical code widely existing in bioactive molecules, but the scalable and facile synthesis of complex bioactive molecules carrying O-sulfates remains challenging. Reported here is a general approach to O-sulfation by the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction between aryl fluorosulfates and silylated hydroxy groups. Efficient sulfate diester formation was achieved through systematic optimization of the electronic properties of aryl fluorosulfates. The versatility of this O-sulfation strategy was demonstrated in the scalable syntheses of a variety of complex molecules carrying sulfate diesters at various positions, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, an amino acid, and a steroid. Selective hydrolytic and hydrogenolytic removal of the aryl masking groups from sulfate diesters yielded the corresponding O-sulfate products in excellent yields. This strategy provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of O-sulfate bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Cangjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Seung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | | | - James P Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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21
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Liu C, Yang C, Hwang S, Ferraro SL, Flynn JP, Niu J. A General Approach to
O
‐Sulfation by a Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Cangjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Seung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | | | - James P. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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22
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Benedetti AM, Gill DM, Tsang CW, Jones AM. Chemical Methods for N- and O-Sulfation of Small Molecules, Amino Acids and Peptides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:938-942. [PMID: 31692230 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sulfation of the amino acid residues of proteins is a significant post-translational modification, the functions of which are yet to be fully understood. Current sulfation methods are limited mainly to O-tyrosine (sY), which requires negatively charged species around the desired amino acid residue and a specific sulfotransferase enzyme. Alternatively, for solid-phase peptide synthesis, a de novo protected sY is required. Therefore, synthetic routes that go beyond O-sulfation are required. We have developed a novel route to N-sulfamation and can dial-in/out O-sulfation (without S-sulfurothiolation), mimicking the initiation step of the ping-pong sulfation mechanism identified in structural biology. This rapid, low-temperature and non-racemising method is applicable to a range of amines, amides, amino acids, and peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mary Benedetti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel M Gill
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chi W Tsang
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alan M Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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23
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Jeanneret RA, Dalton CE, Gardiner JM. Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate- and Dermatan Sulfate-Related Oligosaccharides via Iterative Chemoselective Glycosylation Exploiting Conformationally Disarmed [2.2.2] l-Iduronic Lactone Thioglycosides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15063-15078. [PMID: 31674785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are l-iduronic acid containing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which are implicated in a number of biological processes and conditions including cancer and viral infection. Chemical synthesis of HS and DS is required to generate structurally defined oligosaccharides for a biological study. Herein, we present a new synthetic approach to HS and DS oligosaccharides using chemoselective glycosylation which relies on a disarmed [2.2.2] l-ido lactone motif. The strategy provides a general approach for iterative-reducing end chain extension, using only shelf-stable thioglycoside building blocks, exploiting a conformational switch to control reactivity, and thus requires no anomeric manipulation steps between glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Charlotte E Dalton
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - John M Gardiner
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
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24
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Sun J, Kang W, Wang F, Pan H, Tang G, Yu B. The Miharamycins and Amipurimycin: their Structural Revision and the Total Synthesis of the Latter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1200 Cai Lun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yachen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Wenjia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Haixue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Gongli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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25
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Sun J, Kang W, Wang F, Pan H, Tang G, Yu B. The Miharamycins and Amipurimycin: their Structural Revision and the Total Synthesis of the Latter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10558-10562. [PMID: 31190371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The structural puzzle of amipurimycin, a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic, is solved by total synthesis and X-ray diffraction analysis, with the originally proposed configurations at C3' and C8' inverted and those at C6', C2'', and C3'' corrected. A similar structural revision of the relevant miharamycins is proposed via chemical transformations and then validated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The miharamycins bear an unusual trans-fused dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane sugar scaffold, which was previously assigned as being in the cis configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yachen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Wenjia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haixue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gongli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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26
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Eskandarloo H, Enayati M, Abdolmaleki MK, Arshadi M, Abbaspourrad A. Selective Electrochemical Capture and Release of Heparin Based on Amine-Functionalized Carbon/Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2685-2697. [PMID: 35030723 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HEP) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is a clinical anticoagulant agent. Commercially derived from porcine intestinal mucosa, HEP is challenging to separate from this complex biological mixture for additional purification. This study aimed to raise the purity of isolated HEP using electrochemical potential to increase its selective capture and release. We demonstrate an electrochemical platform featuring an anode composed of amine-functionalized carbon/titanium dioxide nanotube arrays on titanium foil (Ti/C-TNTAs-NH2) and a cathode made of expanded graphite. Our results show that Ti and Ti/C-TNTAs control plates do not adsorb HEP, even while applying an external potential to the cell. However, when the Ti/C-TNTAs electrode is modified by 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane, the terminal NH2 groups provide a high density of positive charges that serve as binding sites, enabling the adsorption of HEP. This attraction is further strengthened by applying an external potential to the anode. Subsequent release of the HEP molecules and regeneration of the Ti/C-TNTAs-NH2 electrode are easily accomplished by applying an anodic potential to the plate, as well as by increasing the concentration of NaCl in solution. This electrochemical system demonstrates the good selectivity of HEP, even within a mixture of other probable interfering species (e.g., bovine serum albumin and chondroitin sulfate). Additionally, it maintains 90.11% of its initial electrosorption efficiency after ten repeated HEP adsorption/desorption cycles, indicating this system's promising stability and reusability for HEP purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mohammad Arshadi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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27
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Dey S, Wong CH. Programmable one-pot synthesis of heparin pentasaccharides enabling access to regiodefined sulfate derivatives. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6685-6691. [PMID: 30310602 PMCID: PMC6115620 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin (H) and heparan sulfate (HS) belong to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of oligosaccharides, and their sequences and sulfation patterns are known to regulate the functions of various proteins in biological processes. Among these, the 6-O-sulfation of HS/H contributes most significantly to the structural diversity and binding interactions. However, the synthesis of HS with defined sulfation patterns remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a highly efficient and programmable one-pot method for the synthesis of protected heparin pentasaccharides using thioglycoside building blocks with optimized relative reactivities to allow the selective deprotection and preparation of regiodefined sulfate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla 92037 , USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla 92037 , USA
- The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Taipei , Taiwan .
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28
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Herczeg M, Demeter F, Balogh T, Kelemen V, Borbás A. Rapid Synthesis of l
-Idosyl Glycosyl Donors from α-Thioglucosides for the Preparation of Heparin Disaccharides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Tímea Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Viktor Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
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29
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Bui VC, Nguyen TH. The Role of Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy in Unraveling Typical and Autoimmune Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1054. [PMID: 29614814 PMCID: PMC5979551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last two decades, heparins have been widely used as anticoagulants. Besides numerous advantages, up to 5% patients with heparin administration suffer from a major adverse drug effect known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This typical HIT can result in deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, occlusion of a limb artery, acute myocardial infarct, stroke, and a systemic reaction or skin necrosis. The basis of HIT may lead to clinical insights. Recent studies using single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS)-based atomic force microscopy revealed detailed binding mechanisms of the interactions between platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparins of different lengths in typical HIT. Especially, SMFS results allowed identifying a new mechanism of the autoimmune HIT caused by a subset of human-derived antibodies in patients without heparin exposure. The findings proved that not only heparin but also a subset of antibodies induce thrombocytopenia. In this review, the role of SMFS in unraveling a major adverse drug effect and insights into molecular mechanisms inducing thrombocytopenia by both heparins and antibodies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Chien Bui
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Thi-Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
- ZIK HIKE-Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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30
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Wang S, Sun J, Zhang Q, Cao X, Zhao Y, Tang G, Yu B. Amipurimycin: Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structures and Diastereoisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yachen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Gongli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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31
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Wang S, Sun J, Zhang Q, Cao X, Zhao Y, Tang G, Yu B. Amipurimycin: Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structures and Diastereoisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2884-2888. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yachen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Gongli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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32
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Łopatkiewicz G, Buda S, Mlynarski J. Application of the EF and GH Fragments to the Synthesis of Idraparinux. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12701-12714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Łopatkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Buda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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33
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Conditions of catalytic hydrogenolysis for the simultaneous reduction of azido group and debenzylation of chitooligosaccharides. Synthesis of biotinylated derivatives of chitooligosaccharides. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Deng J, Yuan S, Li X, Wang K, Xie L, Li N, Wang J, Huang N. Heparin/DNA aptamer co-assembled multifunctional catecholamine coating for EPC capture and improved hemocompatibility of vascular devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 79:305-314. [PMID: 28629023 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Good hemocompatibility and rapid endothelialization are two key factors in the success of stent interventional therapy. In this study, aptamers with the ability to capture endothelial progenitors and anticoagulant molecular heparin were successfully immobilized on the surface of dopamine/polyethylenimine (PDA/PEI) copolymer coating via electrostatic interaction. The results of X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (WCA), and immunofluorescence staining tests confirmed the successful introduction of heparin and aptamers. Platelet adhesion and whole blood experiments demonstrated that the hemocompatibility of the co-modified surface was improved. Dynamic endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture experiments showed that the modified surfaces could effectively capture the endothelial progenitor in dynamic conditions. More importantly, ex vivo experiments revealed that the modified surfaces could regulate the distribution of CD34/vWF-positive cells on stent surfaces, and this was beneficial for the endothelialization of vascular stents. These results suggested that heparin and aptamer co-modified stents could capture EPCs and promote endothelialization. This surface co-modification strategy has great potential for enhancing stent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Deng
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuheng Yuan
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Kebing Wang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lingxia Xie
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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35
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An efficient anticoagulant candidate: Characterization, synthesis and in vivo study of a fondaparinux analogue Rrt1.17. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:1039-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Malineni J, Singh S, Tillmann S, Keul H, Möller M. Aliphatic Polyethers with Sulfate, Carboxylate, and Hydroxyl Side Groups-Do They Show Anticoagulant Properties? Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Malineni
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Sabine Tillmann
- Department for Anaesthesiology; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Pauwelsstraße 30 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 D-52074 Aachen Germany
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37
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Nguyen TH. Single-molecule force spectroscopy applied to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27790761 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), occurring up to approximately 1% to 5% of patients receiving the antithrombotic drug heparins, has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple partners ranging from small molecules to cells/platelets. Recently, insights into the mechanism of HIT have been achieved by using single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), a methodology that allows direct measurements of interactions among HIT partners. Here, the potential of SMFS in unraveling the mechanism of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of HIT at single-molecule resolution is highlighted. The new findings ranging from the molecular binding strengths and kinetics to the determination of the boundary between risk and non-risk heparin drugs or platelet-surface and platelet-platelet interactions will be reviewed. These novel results together have contributed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying HIT and demonstrate how SMFS can be applied to develop safer drugs with a reduced risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,ZIK HIKE - Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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38
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Mönnich M, Eller S, Karagiannis T, Perkams L, Luber T, Ott D, Niemietz M, Hoffman J, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Wirkner C, Lichtenstein RG, Unverzagt C. Hocheffiziente Synthese von multiantennären “bisected” N-Glycanen über Imidate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | | | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Cathrin Wirkner
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Rachel G. Lichtenstein
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
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39
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Mönnich M, Eller S, Karagiannis T, Perkams L, Luber T, Ott D, Niemietz M, Hoffman J, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Wirkner C, Lichtenstein RG, Unverzagt C. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Multiantennary Bisected N-glycans Based on Imidates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10487-92. [PMID: 27443163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of N-glycans with a bisecting GlcNAc modification on glycoproteins has many implications in developmental and immune biology. However, these particular N-glycans are difficult to obtain either from nature or through synthesis. We have developed a flexible and general method for synthesizing bisected N-glycans of the complex type by employing modular TFAc-protected donors for all antennae. The TFAc-protected N-glycans are suitable for the late introduction of a bisecting GlcNAc. This integrated strategy permits for the first time the use of a single approach for multiantennary N-glycans as well as their bisected derivatives via imidates, with unprecedented yields even in a one-pot double glycosylation. With this new method, rare N-glycans of the bisected type can be obtained readily, thereby providing defined tools to decipher the biological roles of bisecting GlcNAc modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cathrin Wirkner
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rachel G Lichtenstein
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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40
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Mohamed S, Krenske EH, Ferro V. The stereoselectivities of tributyltin hydride-mediated reductions of 5-bromo-D-glucuronides to L-iduronides are dependent on the anomeric substituent: syntheses and DFT calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2950-60. [PMID: 26878700 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00283h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the shortest synthetic routes to L-iduronic acid derivatives is via free radical reduction of the C-5 bromide of the corresponding protected D-glucuronic acid derivative. The epimerization of such C-5 bromides to the L-ido derivatives via reaction with tributyltin hydride was investigated. It was found that the stereoselectivity of the reaction was dependent on the anomeric substituent. If the substituent was fluoride the L-ido product was obtained exclusively in 65-72% yield whereas the O-methyl or O-acetyl derivatives led to isomeric mixtures of both the L-ido and D-gluco products in different ratios depending on the reaction conditions. DFT calculations were performed to determine the stereoelectronic factors that favour formation of the L-ido isomer from the fluoride and suggest the selectivity is due to a transition state gauche effect and an Sn-F interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Vito Ferro
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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41
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Dai X, Liu W, Zhou Q, Cheng C, Yang C, Wang S, Zhang M, Tang P, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Formal Synthesis of Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux Sodium. J Org Chem 2015; 81:162-84. [PMID: 26650028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The practical formal synthesis of the anticoagulant drug fondaparinux sodium 1 was accomplished using an optimized modular synthetic strategy. The important pentasaccharide 2, a precursor for the synthesis of fondaparinux sodium, was synthesized on a 10 g scale in 14 collective steps with 3.5% overall yield from well-functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The strategy involved a convergent [3 + 2] coupling approach, with excellent stereoselectivity in every step of glycosylation from the monosaccharide building blocks. Efficient routes to the syntheses of these fully functionalized building blocks were developed, minimizing oligosaccharide stage functional-group modifications. The syntheses of all building blocks avoided rigorous reaction conditions and the use of expensive reagents. In addition, common intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions were employed to enhance synthetic efficiency, improving the yield considerably. In the monosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide assembly reactions, cheaper activators (e.g., NIS/TfOH, TESOTf, and TfOH) were used to facilitate highly efficient glycosylations. Furthermore, crystallization of several monosaccharide and oligosaccharide intermediates significantly simplified purification procedures, which would be greatly beneficial to the scalable synthesis of fondaparinux sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dai
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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42
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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43
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Nguyen TH, Greinacher A, Delcea M. Quantitative description of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the platelet factor 4/heparin bonds. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10130-9. [PMID: 25981976 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is the most important antithrombotic drug in hospitals. It binds to the endogenous tetrameric protein platelet factor 4 (PF4) forming PF4/heparin complexes which may cause a severe immune-mediated adverse drug reaction, so-called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Although new heparin drugs have been synthesized to reduce such a risk, detailed bond dynamics of the PF4/heparin complexes have not been clearly understood. In this study, single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is utilized to characterize the interaction of PF4 with heparins of defined length (5-, 6-, 8-, 12-, and 16-mers). Analysis of the force-distance curves shows that PF4/heparin binding strength rises with increasing heparin length. In addition, two binding pathways in the PF4/short heparins (≤8-mers) and three binding pathways in the PF4/long heparins (≥8-mers) are identified. We provide a model for the PF4/heparin complexes in which short heparins bind to one PF4 tetramer, while long heparins bind to two PF4 tetramers. We propose that the interaction between long heparins and PF4s is not only due to charge differences as generally assumed, but also due to hydrophobic interaction between two PF4s which are brought close to each other by long heparin. This complicated interaction induces PF4/heparin complexes more stable than other ligand-receptor interactions. Our results also reveal that the boundary between antigenic and non-antigenic heparins is between 8- and 12-mers. These observations are particularly important to understand processes in which PF4-heparin interactions are involved and to develop new heparin-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Huong Nguyen
- Nanostructure Group, ZIK HIKE - Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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44
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Gainsford GJ, Schwörer R, Tyler PC, Zubkova OV. Crystal packing in three related disaccharides: precursors to heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:582-7. [PMID: 26090127 PMCID: PMC4459361 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The three title compounds form part of a set of important precursor dissacharides which lead to novel therapeutics, in particular for Alzheimer's disease. All three crystallize as poorly diffracting crystals with one independent mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. Two of them are isostructural: 4-meth-oxy-phenyl 4-O-[6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-de-oxy-4-O-(9-fluor-en-yl-methyl-oxycarbon-yl)-α-d-gluco-pyranos-yl]-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-6-O-chloro-acetyl-α-l-ido-pyran-oside, C59H56ClN3O16, (I), the ido-relative of a reported gluco-disaccharide [Gainsford et al., 2013 ▶). Acta Cryst. C69, 679-682] and 4-meth-oxy-phenyl 4-O-[6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-de-oxy-4-O-(9-fluorenyl-methyl-oxycarbon-yl)-α-d-gluco-pyranos-yl]-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-6-O-meth-oxy-acetyl-α-l-ido-pyran-oside, C60H59N3O17, (II). Both exhibit similar conformational disorder of pendant groups. The third compound 4-meth-oxy-phenyl 4-O-[6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-de-oxy-α-d-gluco-pyranos-yl]-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-6-O-meth-oxy-oacetyl-β-d-gluco-pyran-oside, C52H55N3O15, (III), illustrates that a slightly larger set of weak inter-molecular inter-actions can result in a less disordered mol-ecular arrangement. The mol-ecules are bound by weak C-H⋯O(ether) hydrogen bonds in (I) and (II), augmented by C-H⋯π inter-actions in (III). The absolute configurations were determined, although at varying levels of significance from the limited observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
| | - Peter C. Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
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45
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Li J, Dai Y, Li W, Laval S, Xu P, Yu B. Effective Synthesis of α-d-GlcN-(1→4)-d-GlcA/l-IdoA Glycosidic Linkage under Gold(I) Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Stéphane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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46
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Wu B, Wei N, Thon V, Wei M, Yu Z, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Wang PG, Li T. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5098-101. [PMID: 25858766 PMCID: PMC4472006 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide was synthesized using a one-pot multi-enzyme strategy, in situ activation and transfer of N-trifluoroacetylglucosamine (GlcNTFA) to a heparin backbone significantly improved the synthetic efficiency. The biotinylated hexasaccharide could serve as a flexible core to diversify its conversion into heparan sulfate isoforms with potential biological applications and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vireak Thon
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohui Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zaikuan Yu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tiehai Li
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Tu Z, Liu PK, Wu MC, Lin CH. Expeditious Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Saccharides through Consecutive Protection/Glycosylation Steps. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Abstract
In nearly all cases of biological activity of sulfated GAGs, the sulfate group(s) are critical for interacting with target proteins. A growing paradigm is that appropriate small, sulfated, nonsaccharide GAG mimetics can be designed to either mimic or interfere with the biological functions of natural GAG sequences resulting in the discovery of either antagonist or agonist agents. A number of times these sulfated NSGMs can be computationally designed based on the parent GAG-protein interaction. The small sulfated NSGMs may possess considerable aromatic character so as to engineer hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, Coulombic or cation-pi forces in their interactions with target protein(s) resulting in higher specificity of action relative to parent GAGs. The sulfated NSGMs can be easily synthesized in one step from appropriate natural polyphenols through chemical sulfation under microwave-based conditions. We describe step-by-step procedures to perform microwave-based sulfation of several small polyphenol scaffolds so as to prepare homogenous NSGMs containing one to more than 10 sulfate groups per molecule in high yields.
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50
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Frihed TG, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Synthesis of All EightL-Glycopyranosyl Donors Using CH Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13889-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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