1
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Santi S, Biondi B, Cardena R, Bisello A, Schiesari R, Tomelleri S, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Helical versus Flat Bis-Ferrocenyl End-Capped Peptides: The Influence of the Molecular Skeleton on Redox Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:6128. [PMID: 36144860 PMCID: PMC9503075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that peptide conjugates with a pendant ferrocenyl (Fc) have been widely investigated, bis-ferrocenyl end-capped peptides are rarely synthetized. In this paper, in addition to the full characterization of the Fc-CO-[L-Dap(Boc)]n-NH-Fc series, we report a comparison of the three series of bis-ferrocenyl homopeptides synthesized to date, to gain insights into the influence of α-amino isobutyric (Aib), 2,3-diamino propionic (Dap) and Cα,β-didehydroalanine (ΔAla) amino acids on the peptide secondary structure and on the ferrocene redox properties. The results obtained by 2D NMR analysis and X-ray crystal structures, and further supported by electrochemical data, evidence different behaviors depending on the nature of the amino acid; that is, the formation of 310-helices or fully extended (2.05-helix) structures. In these foldamers, the orientation of the carbonyl groups in the peptide helix yields a macrodipole with the positive pole on the N-terminal amino acid and the negative pole on the C-terminal amino acid, so that oxidation of the Fc moieties takes place more or less easily depending on the orientation of the macrodipole moment as the peptide chain grows. Conversely, the fully extended conformation adopted by ΔAla flat peptides neither generates a macrodipole nor affects Fc oxidation. The utilization as electrochemical and optical (Circular Dichroism) probes of the two terminal Fc groups, bound to the same peptide chain, makes it possible to study the end-to-end effects of the positive charges produced by single and double oxidations, and to evidence the presence "exciton-coupled" CD among the two intramolecularly interacting Fc groups of the L-Dap(Boc) series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Biondi B, Bisello A, Cardena R, Schiesari R, Facci M, Cerveson L, Rancan M, Formaggio F, Santi S. Conformational Analysis and Through‐Chain Charge Propagation in Ferrocenyl‐Conjugated Homopeptides of 2,3‐Diaminopropionic acid (Dap). Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit CNR Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Martino Facci
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laura Cerveson
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE) CNR Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit CNR Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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3
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Biondi B, Cardena R, Bisello A, Schiesari R, Cerveson L, Facci M, Rancan M, Formaggio F, Santi S. Flat, Ferrocenyl‐Conjugated Peptides: A Combined Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laura Cerveson
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Martino Facci
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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4
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Santi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Tomelleri S, Schiesari R, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Flat, C α,β -Didehydroalanine Foldamers with Ferrocene Pendants: Assessing the Role of α-Peptide Dipolar Moments. Chempluschem 2021; 86:723-730. [PMID: 33825347 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The foldamer field is continuously expanding as it allows to produce molecules endowed with 3D-structures and functions never observed in nature. We synthesized flat foldamers based on the natural, but non-coded, Cα,β -didehydroalanine α-amino acid, and covalently linked to them two ferrocene (Fc) moieties, as redox probes. These conjugates retain the flat and extended conformation of the 2.05 -helix, both in solution and in the crystal state (X-ray diffraction). Cyclic voltammetry measurements agree with the adoption of the 2.05 -helix, characterized by a negligible dipole moment. Thus, elongated α-peptide stretches of this type are insulators rather than charge conductors, the latter being constituted by peptide α-helices. Also, our homo-tetrapeptide has a N-to-C length of about 18.2 Å, almost double than that (9.7 Å) of an α-helical α-tetrapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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5
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Tang WK, Mu X, Li M, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Chu IK, Siu CK. Formation of n → π + interaction facilitating dissociative electron transfer in isolated tyrosine-containing molecular peptide radical cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:21393-21402. [PMID: 32940309 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-range electron transfer in proteins can be rationalized as a sequential short-distance electron-hopping processes via amino acid residues having low ionization energy as relay stations. Tyrosine residues can serve as such redox-active intermediates through one-electron oxidation to form a π-radical cation at its phenol side chain. An electron transfer from a vicinal functional group to this π-electron hole completes an elementary step of charge migration. However, transient oxidized/reduced intermediates formed at those relay stations during electron transfer processes have not been observed. In this study, formation of analog reactive intermediates via electron donor-acceptor coupling is observed by using IRMPD action spectroscopy. An elementary charge migration at the molecular level in model tyrosine-containing peptide radical cations [M]˙+ in the gas phase is revealed with its unusual Cα-Cβ bond cleavage at the side chain of the N-terminal residue. This reaction is induced by the radical character of the N-terminal amino group (-NH2˙+) resulting from an n → π+ interaction between the nonbonding electron pair of NH2 (n) and the π-electron hole at the Tyr side chain (π+). The formation of -NH2˙+ is supported by the IRMPD spectrum showing a characteristic NH2 scissor vibration coupled with Tyr side-chain stretches at 1577 cm-1. This n → π+ interaction facilitates a dissociative electron transfer with NH2 as the relay station. The occurrence of this side-chain cleavage may be an indicator of the formation of reactive conformers featuring the n → π+ interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Zhang L, Lu JR, Waigh TA. Electronics of peptide- and protein-based biomaterials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102319. [PMID: 33248339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologically inspired peptide- and protein-based materials are at the forefront of organic bioelectronics research due to their inherent conduction properties and excellent biocompatibility. Peptides have the advantages of structural simplicity and ease of synthesis providing credible prospects for mass production, whereas naturally expressed proteins offer inspiration with many examples of high performance evolutionary optimised bioelectronics properties. We review recent advances in the fundamental conduction mechanisms, experimental techniques and exemplar applications for the bioelectronics of self-assembling peptides and proteins. Diverse charge transfer processes, such as tunnelling, hopping and coupled transfer, are found in naturally occurring biological systems with peptides and proteins as the predominant building blocks to enable conduction in biology. Both theory and experiments allow detailed investigation of bioelectronic properties in order to design functionalized peptide- and protein-based biomaterials, e.g. to create biocompatible aqueous electrodes. We also highlight the design of bioelectronics devices based on peptides/proteins including field-effect transistors, piezoelectric energy harvesters and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J R Lu
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - T A Waigh
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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7
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Zuliani C, Formaggio F, Scipionato L, Toniolo C, Antonello S, Maran F. Insights into the Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer through Conformationally Constrained Peptides. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Zuliani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
- Ozo Innovations Ltd, Unit 29 Chancerygate Business Centre Langford Ln Kidlington OX5 1FQ UK
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laura Scipionato
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
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8
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Khosa M, Ullah A. Mechanistic insight into protein supported biosorption complemented by kinetic and thermodynamics perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 261:28-40. [PMID: 30301519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discussed the micro-level aspects of protein supported biosorption. The mechanism, surface chemistry in terms of energy interactions and electron transfer process (ETP) of peptide systems within protein are three important areas that provide mechanistic insight into protein supported biosorption. The functional groups in proteinous material like hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (>C=O), carboxyl (-COOH) and sulfhydryl (-SH) play a significant role in the biosorption of variety of pollutants such as metal ions, metalloids, and organic matters in wastewaters. The mechanistic aspects of biosorption are crucial not only for the separation process but also they contribute towards stoichiometric considerations and mathematical modelling process. The surface chemistry of applied biosorbents relies on interfacial components whose interaction energies are estimated with help of classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory mathematically. Proteins are the fundamental molecules of many biomaterial used for the biosorption of contaminents and peptide bond is considered as the backbone of proteins. The charge variations on peptide bonding is the result of ETP whose discussion was made part of this review for understaning number of biological and technological processes of vital interests. In addition, this review was complemented by exhaustive overview of kinetic and thermodynamics perspectives of biosorption process.
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9
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Roy P, Kantor-Uriel N, Sunda AP. Nanoscale defolding influence of polypeptides in the charge-transfer process through an organic-inorganic nanohybrid system. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11143-11149. [PMID: 29873379 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A biologically important polypeptide [with an alternate sequence of alanine (ALA) and 2-aminobutyric acid (AiB)] is used as a linker molecule to investigate the charge-transfer phenomenon between CdSe nanoparticle (NP) (diameter ∼6-7 nm) assemblies and gold (Au) substrates. The (ALA-AiB)n polypeptides, with varying chain lengths n = 5, 8, 11, were attached to the surface to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) through a thiol group located either at the N-terminal or C-terminal of the sequence. Temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed anomalous behavior in the quenching regime of CdSe NPs in the 237 K to 290 K region. In principle, the fluorescence intensity of any fluorophore decreases with a gradual increase in temperature, due to dominating non-radiative relaxation over radiative relaxation. PL spectral intensity follows this general trend from 77 K to 237 K for all chain lengths. For chain length n > 5 (n = 5 showed a kink, but the extent of the kink is negligible in comparison with n > 5) polypeptide-based monolayers, there is a sudden increase in fluorescence intensity above 237 K. This sudden increase is probed using molecular dynamics simulations which reveals that this unprecedented behavior arises due to interchain polypeptide interactions. An insertion of an alkyl chain with an almost similar length of peptide along with polypeptide (in a 3 : 1 ratio, in terms of concentration) diminishes the interchain polypeptide hydrogen-bonding interactions and manifests the normal trend of PL spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India.
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10
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Microbial nanowires - Electron transport and the role of synthetic analogues. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:1-30. [PMID: 29357319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer is central to cellular life, from photosynthesis to respiration. In the case of anaerobic respiration, some microbes have extracellular appendages that can be utilised to transport electrons over great distances. Two model organisms heavily studied in this arena are Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is some debate over how, in particular, the Geobacter sulfurreducens nanowires (formed from pilin nanofilaments) are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display. In this article, we outline the mechanisms of electron transfer through delocalised electron transport, quantum tunnelling, and hopping as they pertain to biomaterials. These are described along with existing examples of the different types of conductivity observed in natural systems such as DNA and proteins in order to provide context for understanding the complexities involved in studying the electron transport properties of these unique nanowires. We then introduce some synthetic analogues, made using peptides, which may assist in resolving this debate. Microbial nanowires and the synthetic analogues thereof are of particular interest, not just for biogeochemistry, but also for the exciting potential bioelectronic and clinical applications as covered in the final section of the review. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Some microbes have extracellular appendages that transport electrons over vast distances in order to respire, such as the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is significant debate over how G. sulfurreducens nanowires are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display: This mechanism is a fundamental scientific challenge, with important environmental and technological implications. Through outlining the techniques and outcomes of investigations into the mechanisms of such protein-based nanofibrils, we provide a platform for the general study of the electronic properties of biomaterials. The implications are broad-reaching, with fundamental investigations into electron transfer processes in natural and biomimetic materials underway. From these studies, applications in the medical, energy, and IT industries can be developed utilising bioelectronics.
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11
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Matsushita D, Uji H, Kimura S. Effect of oscillation dynamics on long-range electron transfer in a helical peptide monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15216-15222. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) reactions via helical peptides composed of –(Aib-Pro)n– were studied in self-assembled monolayers and compared with –(Ala-Aib)n– peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
| | - Hirotaka Uji
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
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12
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Puiu M, Bala C. Peptide-based biosensors: From self-assembled interfaces to molecular probes in electrochemical assays. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 120:66-75. [PMID: 29182910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-tagged peptides have emerged as functional materials with multiple applications in the area of sensing and biosensing applications due to their high stability, excellent redox properties and versatility of biomolecular interactions. They allow direct observation of molecular interactions in a wide range of affinity and enzymatic assays and act as electron mediators. Short helical peptides possess the ability to self-assemble in specific configurations with the possibility to develop in highly-ordered, stable 1D, 2D and 3D architectures in a hierarchical controlled manner. We provide here a brief overview of the electrochemical techniques available to study the electron transfer in peptide films with particular interest in developing biosensors with immobilized peptide motifs, for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Puiu
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Bala
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania.
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13
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Peptides as Bio-inspired Molecular Electronic Materials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29081052 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic properties of single peptides is not only of fundamental importance to biology, but it is also pivotal to the realization of bio-inspired molecular electronic materials. Natural proteins have evolved to promote electron transfer in many crucial biological processes. However, their complex conformational nature inhibits a thorough investigation, so in order to study electron transfer in proteins, simple peptide models containing redox active moieties present as ideal candidates. Here we highlight the importance of secondary structure characteristic to proteins/peptides, and its relevance to electron transfer. The proposed mechanisms responsible for such transfer are discussed, as are details of the electrochemical techniques used to investigate their electronic properties. Several factors that have been shown to influence electron transfer in peptides are also considered. Finally, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study demonstrates that the electron transfer kinetics of peptides can be successfully fine tuned through manipulation of chemical composition and backbone rigidity. The methods used to characterize the conformation of all peptides synthesized throughout the study are outlined, along with the various approaches used to further constrain the peptides into their geometric conformations. The aforementioned sheds light on the potential of peptides to one day play an important role in the fledgling field of molecular electronics.
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14
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Han WS, Veldkamp BS, Dyar SM, Eaton SW, Wasielewski MR. Photoinitiated long-lived charge separation with near-unity quantum yield in donor-acceptor1-acceptor2 systems for artificial photosynthesis. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Maeyama T, Shimamori T, Fujii A. Effects of Alkyl Groups on Excess-Electron Binding to Small-Sized Secondary Amide Clusters: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4397-4403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Maeyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuto Shimamori
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Venanzi M, Gatto E, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. The importance of being Aib. Aggregation and self-assembly studies on conformationally constrained oligopeptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:104-116. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies and Centre for Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Advanced Instrumentation; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies and Centre for Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Advanced Instrumentation; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
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17
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Sheu SY, Yang DY. Mechanically Controlled Electron Transfer in a Single-Polypeptide Transistor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39792. [PMID: 28051140 PMCID: PMC5209712 DOI: 10.1038/srep39792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are of interest in nano-bio electronic devices due to their versatile structures, exquisite functionality and specificity. However, quantum transport measurements produce conflicting results due to technical limitations whereby it is difficult to precisely determine molecular orientation, the nature of the moieties, the presence of the surroundings and the temperature; in such circumstances a better understanding of the protein electron transfer (ET) pathway and the mechanism remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report an approach to mechanically drive polypeptide flip-flop motion to achieve a logic gate with ON and OFF states during protein ET. We have calculated the transmission spectra of the peptide-based molecular junctions and observed the hallmarks of electrical current and conductance. The results indicate that peptide ET follows an NC asymmetric process and depends on the amino acid chirality and α-helical handedness. Electron transmission decreases as the number of water molecules increases, and the ET efficiency and its pathway depend on the type of water-bridged H-bonds. Our results provide a rational mechanism for peptide ET and new perspectives on polypeptides as potential candidates in logic nano devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Genome Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yen Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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18
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Gobbo P, Antonello S, Guryanov I, Polo F, Soldà A, Zen F, Maran F. Dipole Moment Effect on the Electrochemical Desorption of Self-Assembled Monolayers of 310-Helicogenic Peptides on Gold. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Ivan Guryanov
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskij Pr.; 198504 Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- National Cancer Institute-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; Via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Federico Zen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- School of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin, College Green; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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19
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Bayat A, Lacroix JC, McCreery RL. Control of Electronic Symmetry and Rectification through Energy Level Variations in Bilayer Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12287-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Bayat
- University of Alberta, 11421 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR
7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Richard L. McCreery
- University of Alberta, 11421 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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20
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Yu J, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Turning electron transfer ‘on-off’ in peptides through side-bridge gating. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Ashford DL, Gish MK, Vannucci AK, Brennaman MK, Templeton JL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13006-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L. Ashford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph L. Templeton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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22
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Shah A, Adhikari B, Martic S, Munir A, Shahzad S, Ahmad K, Kraatz HB. Electron transfer in peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1015-27. [PMID: 25619931 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the factors that influence electron transfer in peptides. We summarize experimental results from solution and surface studies and highlight the ongoing debate on the mechanistic aspects of this fundamental reaction. Here, we provide a balanced approach that remains unbiased and does not favor one mechanistic view over another. Support for a putative hopping mechanism in which an electron transfers in a stepwise manner is contrasted with experimental results that support electron tunneling or even some form of ballistic transfer or a pathway transfer for an electron between donor and acceptor sites. In some cases, experimental evidence suggests that a change in the electron transfer mechanism occurs as a result of donor-acceptor separation. However, this common understanding of the switch between tunneling and hopping as a function of chain length is not sufficient for explaining electron transfer in peptides. Apart from chain length, several other factors such as the extent of the secondary structure, backbone conformation, dipole orientation, the presence of special amino acids, hydrogen bonding, and the dynamic properties of a peptide also influence the rate and mode of electron transfer in peptides. Electron transfer plays a key role in physical, chemical and biological systems, so its control is a fundamental task in bioelectrochemical systems, the design of peptide based sensors and molecular junctions. Therefore, this topic is at the heart of a number of biological and technological processes and thus remains of vital interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Shah
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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23
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Amdursky N. Electron Transfer across Helical Peptides. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1075-1095. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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25
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Juhaniewicz J, Pawlowski J, Sek S. Electron Transport Mediated by Peptides Immobilized on Surfaces. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Horsley JR, Yu J, Abell AD. The Correlation of Electrochemical Measurements and Molecular Junction Conductance Simulations in β-Strand Peptides. Chemistry 2015; 21:5926-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Amdursky N, Marchak D, Sepunaru L, Pecht I, Sheves M, Cahen D. Electronic transport via proteins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7142-61. [PMID: 25256438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A central vision in molecular electronics is the creation of devices with functional molecular components that may provide unique properties. Proteins are attractive candidates for this purpose, as they have specific physical (optical, electrical) and chemical (selective binding, self-assembly) functions and offer a myriad of possibilities for (bio-)chemical modification. This Progress Report focuses on proteins as potential building components for future bioelectronic devices as they are quite efficient electronic conductors, compared with saturated organic molecules. The report addresses several questions: how general is this behavior; how does protein conduction compare with that of saturated and conjugated molecules; and what mechanisms enable efficient conduction across these large molecules? To answer these questions results of nanometer-scale and macroscopic electronic transport measurements across a range of organic molecules and proteins are compiled and analyzed, from single/few molecules to large molecular ensembles, and the influence of measurement methods on the results is considered. Generalizing, it is found that proteins conduct better than saturated molecules, and somewhat poorer than conjugated molecules. Significantly, the presence of cofactors (redox-active or conjugated) in the protein enhances their conduction, but without an obvious advantage for natural electron transfer proteins. Most likely, the conduction mechanisms are hopping (at higher temperatures) and tunneling (below ca. 150-200 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Amdursky
- Dept. of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76305, Israel
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28
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Astakhova TY, Kashin VA, Likhachev VN, Vinogradov GA. Exact solution for polarons on the anharmonic lattice and charge transfer in biopolymers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024414110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Horsley JR, Yu J, Moore KE, Shapter JG, Abell AD. Unraveling the interplay of backbone rigidity and electron rich side-chains on electron transfer in peptides: the realization of tunable molecular wires. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12479-88. [PMID: 25122122 PMCID: PMC4156867 DOI: 10.1021/ja507175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical studies are reported on a series of peptides constrained into either a 310-helix (1-6) or β-strand (7-9) conformation, with variable numbers of electron rich alkene containing side chains. Peptides (1 and 2) and (7 and 8) are further constrained into these geometries with a suitable side chain tether introduced by ring closing metathesis (RCM). Peptides 1, 4 and 5, each containing a single alkene side chain reveal a direct link between backbone rigidity and electron transfer, in isolation from any effects due to the electronic properties of the electron rich side-chains. Further studies on the linear peptides 3-6 confirm the ability of the alkene to facilitate electron transfer through the peptide. A comparison of the electrochemical data for the unsaturated tethered peptides (1 and 7) and saturated tethered peptides (2 and 8) reveals an interplay between backbone rigidity and effects arising from the electron rich alkene side-chains on electron transfer. Theoretical calculations on β-strand models analogous to 7, 8 and 9 provide further insights into the relative roles of backbone rigidity and electron rich side-chains on intramolecular electron transfer. Furthermore, electron population analysis confirms the role of the alkene as a "stepping stone" for electron transfer. These findings provide a new approach for fine-tuning the electronic properties of peptides by controlling backbone rigidity, and through the inclusion of electron rich side-chains. This allows for manipulation of energy barriers and hence conductance in peptides, a crucial step in the design and fabrication of molecular-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Horsley
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of
Chemistry and Physics, The University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of
Chemistry and Physics, The University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Katherine E. Moore
- Centre
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical & Physical
Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Joe G. Shapter
- Centre
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical & Physical
Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of
Chemistry and Physics, The University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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30
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Becucci L, Guidelli R, Polo F, Maran F. Interaction of mixed-ligand monolayer-protected Au₁₄₄ clusters with biomimetic membranes as a function of the transmembrane potential. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8141-8151. [PMID: 24949655 DOI: 10.1021/la500909j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membranes is a high-priority research area for possible biomedical applications. We describe our findings concerning the interaction of Au144 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) with biomimetic membranes and their permeabilizing effect as a function of the transmembrane potential. We synthesized Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 and modified the capping monolayer with 8-mercaptooctanoic acid (Au144OctA) or thiolated trichogin (Au144TCG), a channel-forming peptide. The interactions of these MPCs with mercury-supported lipid mono- and bilayers were studied with a combination of electrochemical techniques specifically sensitive to changes in the properties of biomimetic membranes and/or charge-transfer phenomena. Permeabilization effects were evaluated through the influence of MPC uptake on the reduction of cadmium(II) ions. The nature and properties of the Au144 capping molecules play a crucial role in controlling how MPCs interact with membranes. The native MPC causes a small effect, whereas both Au144OctA and Au144TCG interact significantly with the lipid monolayer and show electroactivity. Whereas Au144OctA penetrates the membrane, Au144TCG pierces the membrane with its peptide appendage while remaining outside of it. Both clusters promote Cd(2+) reduction but with apparently different mechanisms. Because of the different way that they interact with the membrane, Au144OctA is more effective in Cd(2+) reduction when interacting with the lipid bilayer and Au144TCG performs particularly well when piercing the lipid monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Becucci
- Department of Chemistry, Florence University , via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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31
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Venanzi M, Gatto E, Caruso M, Porchetta A, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Photoinduced Electron Transfer through Peptide-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers Chemisorbed on Gold Electrodes: Directing the Flow-in and Flow-out of Electrons through Peptide Helices. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6674-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503791w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Venanzi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Caruso
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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32
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Amdursky N. Enhanced solid-state electron transport via tryptophan containing peptide networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:13479-82. [PMID: 23832315 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrical conductivity via peptide networks was measured using conductive probe atomic force microscopy, where the tryptophan-containing peptide network (composed of Phe-Trp dipeptides) exhibited a superior (5 fold) conductivity in comparison to an all phenylalanine network (composed of Phe-Phe dipeptides). These results are in line with previous spectroscopic measurements exploring intramolecular electron transfer in proteins. Bias-scaling factors (instead of the more commonly used transition voltage spectroscopy method) were calculated for the two peptide networks. These calculations showed substantial differences between the two peptide networks, suggesting different electron transport characteristics. While the factor for the tryptophan-containing network is similar to conjugated molecules with a low electron-tunneling barrier, the one for the all phenylalanine network can be ascribed as an 'intermediate' factor between conjugated and saturated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Amdursky
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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33
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Garbuio L, Li Y, Antonello S, Gascón JA, Lawler RG, Lei X, Murata Y, Turro NJ, Maran F. Interaction of H2@C60and Nitroxide through Conformationally Constrained Peptide Bridges. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:439-47. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Garbuio
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York NY
| | | | - José A. Gascón
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT
| | | | - Xuegong Lei
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York NY
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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34
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Kawatsu T. Review pathway analysis for peptide-mediated electronic coupling in the super-exchange mechanism of ET and EET. Biopolymers 2013; 100:100-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Moritoh R, Morita T, Kimura S. Photocurrent generation by helical peptide monolayers integrating light harvesting and charge-transport functions. Biopolymers 2013; 100:1-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Hanson K, Wilger DJ, Jones ST, Harrison DP, Bettis SE, Luo H, Papanikolas JM, Waters ML, Meyer TJ. Electron transfer dynamics of peptide-derivatized RuII-polypyridyl complexes on nanocrystalline metal oxide films. Biopolymers 2013; 100:25-37. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Lettieri R, Bischetti M, Gatto E, Palleschi A, Ricci E, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. Looking for the peptide 2.05-helix: A solvent- and main-chain length-dependent conformational switch probed by electron transfer across cα,α-diethylglycine homo-oligomers. Biopolymers 2013; 100:51-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Yu J, Horsley JR, Abell AD. The Influence of Secondary Structure on Electron Transfer in Peptides. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of synthetic peptides containing 0–5 α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues and a C-terminal redox-active ferrocene was synthesised and their conformations defined by NMR and circular dichroism. Each peptide was separately attached to an electrode for subsequent electrochemical analysis in order to investigate the effect of peptide chain length (distance dependence) and secondary structure on the mechanism of intramolecular electron transfer. While the shorter peptides (0–2 residues) do not adopt a well defined secondary structure, the longer peptides (3–5 residues) adopt a helical conformation, with associated intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The electrochemical results on these peptides clearly revealed a transition in the mechanism of intramolecular electron transfer on transitioning from the ill-defined shorter peptides to the longer helical peptides. The helical structures undergo electron transfer via a hopping mechanism, while the shorter ill-defined structures proceeded via an electron superexchange mechanism. Computational studies on two β-peptides PCB-(β3Val-β3Ala-β3Leu)n–NHC(CH3)2OOtBu (n = 1 and 2; PCB = p-cyanobenzamide) were consistent with these observations, where the n = 2 peptide adopts a helical conformation and the n = 1 peptide an ill-defined structure. These combined studies suggest that the mechanism of electron transfer is defined by the extent of secondary structure, rather than merely chain length as is commonly accepted.
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39
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Juhaniewicz J, Sek S. Peptide molecular junctions: Distance dependent electron transmission through oligoprolines. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 87:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Antonello S, Hesari M, Polo F, Maran F. Electron transfer catalysis with monolayer protected Au₂₅ clusters. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5333-42. [PMID: 22772766 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Au₂₅L₁₈ (L = S(CH₂)₂Ph) clusters were prepared and characterized. The resulting monodisperse clusters were reacted with bis(pentafluorobenzoyl) peroxide in dichloromethane to form Au₂₅L₁₈⁺ quantitatively. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the corresponding electron transfer (ET) reactions were characterized via electrochemistry and thermochemical calculations. Au₂₅L₁₈⁺ was used in homogeneous redox catalysis experiments with a series of sym-substituted benzoyl peroxides, including the above peroxide, bis(para-cyanobenzoyl) peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, and bis(para-methoxybenzoyl) peroxide. Peroxide dissociative ET was catalyzed using both the Au₂₅L₁₈/Au₂₅L₁₈⁻ and the Au₂₅L₁₈⁺/Au₂₅L₁₈ redox couples as redox mediators. Simulation of the CV curves led to determination of the ET rate constant (k(ET)) values for concerted dissociative ET to the peroxides. The ET free energy ΔG° could be estimated for all donor-acceptor combinations, leading to observation of a nice activation-driving force (log k(ET)vs.ΔG°) relationship. Comparison with the k(ET) obtained using a ferrocene-type donor with a formal potential similar to that of Au₂₅L₁₈/Au₂₅L₁₈⁻ showed that the presence of the capping monolayer affects the ET rate rather significantly, which is attributed to the intrinsic nonadiabaticity of peroxide acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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41
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Lauz M, Eckhardt S, Fromm KM, Giese B. The influence of dipole moments on the mechanism of electron transfer through helical peptides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13785-8. [PMID: 22729294 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The life time of aromatic radical cations is limited by reactions like β-elimination, dimerization, and addition to the solvent. Here we show that the attachment of such a radical cation to the C-terminal end of an α-/3(10)-helical peptide further reduces its life time by two orders of magnitude. For PPII-helical peptides, such an effect is only observed if the peptide contains an adjacent electron donor like tyrosine, which enables electron transfer (ET) through the peptide. In order to explain the special role of α-/3(10)-helical peptides, it is assumed that the aromatic radical cation injects a positive charge into an adjacent amide group. This is in accord with quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical experiments in the literature showing a decrease in the amide redox potentials caused by the dipole moments of long α-/3(10)-helical peptides. Rate measurements are in accord with a mechanism for a multi-step ET through α-/3(10)-helical peptides that uses the amide groups or H-bonds as stepping stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lauz
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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42
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Garbuio L, Antonello S, Guryanov I, Li Y, Ruzzi M, Turro NJ, Maran F. Effect of Orientation of the Peptide-Bridge Dipole Moment on the Properties of Fullerene–Peptide–Radical Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10628-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303696s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Garbuio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Ivan Guryanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Marco Ruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
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43
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Maeyama T, Yoshida K, Fujii A. Size-Dependent Metamorphosis of Electron Binding Motif in Cluster Anions of Primary Amide Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3771-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204621x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Maeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keiji Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Abstract
Electrochemical studies of a set of ferrocene-labeled helical peptides of increasing length were carried out by forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes. Electron transfer (ET) rates showed a very weakly distance dependent nature that has been interpreted as a result of a dynamically controlled tunneling mechanism. Specifically, the slow equilibrium between the α- and the 310 helical conformers in a SAM has been invoked, and the rate of formation of the more conductive 310 conformer has been proposed to be related to the ET rates observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Mizrahi M, Zakrassov A, Lerner-Yardeni J, Ashkenasy N. Charge transport in vertically aligned, self-assembled peptide nanotube junctions. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:518-524. [PMID: 22116517 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly propensity of peptides has been extensively utilized in recent years for the formation of supramolecular nanostructures. In particular, the self-assembly of peptides into fibrils and nanotubes makes them promising building blocks for electronic and electro-optic applications. However, the mechanisms of charge transfer in these wire-like structures, especially in ambient conditions, are not yet fully understood. We describe here a layer-by-layer deposition methodology of short self-assembled cyclic peptide nanotubes, which results in vertically oriented nanotubes on gold substrates. Using this novel deposition methodology, we have fabricated molecular junctions with a conductive atomic force microscopy tip as a second electrode. Studies of the junctions' current-voltage characteristics as a function of the nanotube length revealed an efficient charge transfer in these supramolecular structures, with a low current attenuation constant of 0.1 Å(-1), which indicate that electron transfer is dominated by hopping. Moreover, the threshold voltage to field-emission dominated transport was found to increase with peptide length in a manner that depends on the nature of the contact with the electrodes. The flexibility in the design of the peptide monomers and the ability to control their sequential order over the nanotube by means of the layer-by-layer assembly process, which is demonstrated in this work, can be used to engineer the electronic properties of self-assembled peptide nanotubes toward device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordechay Mizrahi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Yu J, Zvarec O, Huang DM, Bissett MA, Scanlon DB, Shapter JG, Abell AD. Electron transfer through α-peptides attached to vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays: a mechanistic transition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1132-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Antonello S, Venzo A, Maran F. Dependence of nonadiabatic intramolecular dissociative electron transfers on stereochemistry and driving force. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Gao J, Müller P, Wang M, Eckhardt S, Lauz M, Fromm KM, Giese B. Elektronentransfer in Peptiden: der Einfluss geladener Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Gao J, Müller P, Wang M, Eckhardt S, Lauz M, Fromm KM, Giese B. Electron transfer in peptides: the influence of charged amino acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1926-30. [PMID: 21328672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Gatto E, Caruso M, Porchetta A, Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Venanzi M. Photocurrent generation through peptide-based self-assembled monolayers on a gold surface: antenna and junction effects. J Pept Sci 2010; 17:124-31. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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