1
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Carlson HM, Marshall AR, Burton KM, Mosey RA. Constructing new bonds to carbon in dihydroquinazolines via hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) bond functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9097-9100. [PMID: 39108191 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond functionalization reaction for the formation of C-C, C-P, and C-H bonds in dihydroquinazolines has been developed. This one-pot method involves successive oxidation of dihydroquinazoline substrates, mesolytic cleavage of a tert-butyl substituent, and bond formation to a variety of nucleophiles in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Carlson
- Lake Superior State University, 650 W. Easterday Ave., Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, USA.
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- Lake Superior State University, 650 W. Easterday Ave., Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, USA.
| | - Kaylin M Burton
- Lake Superior State University, 650 W. Easterday Ave., Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, USA.
| | - R Adam Mosey
- Lake Superior State University, 650 W. Easterday Ave., Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, USA.
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2
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Ganley JM, Murray PRD, Knowles RR. Photocatalytic Generation of Aminium Radical Cations for C─N Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11712-11738. [PMID: 33163257 PMCID: PMC7644096 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminium radical cations have been extensively studied as electrophilic aminating species that readily participate in C─N bond forming processes with alkenes and arenes. However, their utility in synthesis has been limited, as their generation required unstable, reactive starting materials and harsh reaction conditions. Visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a platform for the mild production of aminium radical cations from either unfunctionalized or N-functionalized amines. This Perspective covers recent synthetic methods that rely on the photocatalytic generation of aminium radical cations for C─N bond formation, specifically in the context of alkene hydroamination, arene C─H bond amination, and the mesolytic bond cleavage of alkoxyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Philip R D Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Gentry EC, Rono LJ, Hale ME, Matsuura R, Knowles RR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindolines via Noncovalent Stabilization of Indole Radical Cations and Applications to the Synthesis of Alkaloid Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3394-3402. [PMID: 29432006 PMCID: PMC5896747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While interest in the synthetic chemistry of radical cations continues to grow, controlling enantioselectivity in the reactions of these intermediates remains a challenge. Based on recent insights into the oxidation of tryptophan in enzymatic systems, we report a photocatalytic method for the generation of indole radical cations as hydrogen-bonded adducts with chiral phosphate anions. These noncovalent open-shell complexes can be intercepted by the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO· to form alkoxyamine-substituted pyrroloindolines with high levels of enantioselectivity. Further elaboration of these optically enriched adducts can be achieved via a catalytic single-electron oxidation/mesolytic cleavage sequence to furnish transient carbocation intermediates that may be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Taken together, this two-step sequence provides a simple catalytic method to access a wide range of substituted pyrroloindolines in enantioenriched form via a standard experimental protocol from a common synthetic intermediate. The design, development, mechanistic study, and scope of this process are presented, as are applications of this method to the synthesis of several dimeric pyrroloindoline natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Gentry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lydia J. Rono
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martina E. Hale
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
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4
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Wang X, Wang S, Gu C, Zhang W, Zheng H, Zhang J, Lu G, Zhang YM, Li M, Zhang SXA. Reversible Bond/Cation-Coupled Electron Transfer on Phenylenediamine-Based Rhodamine B and Its Application on Electrochromism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20196-20204. [PMID: 28535036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic system on reversible bond-coupled electron transfer (BCET) has been proposed and investigated in a switchable Rh-N molecule with redox active subunits. We discover that energy barrier of C-N bond breaking is reduced dramatically to less than 1/7 (from 40.4 to 5.5 kcal/mol), and 1/3 of the oxidation potential is simultaneously lowered (from 0.67 to 0.43 V) with the oxidation of Rh-N. The concept, cation-coupled electron transfer (CCET), is highly recommended by analyzing existing proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) and metal coupled electron transfer (MCET) along with aforementioned BCET, which have same characteristic of transferring positive charges, such as proton, metal ion, and organic cation. Molecular switch can be controlled directly by electricity through BCET process. Solid electrochromic device was fabricated with extremely high coloration efficiency (720 cm2/C), great reversibility (no degradation for 600 cycles), and quick respond time (30 ms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Geyu Lu
- College of Electron Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College of Jilin University , Zhuhai, 519041, P. R. China
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5
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Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Zhu Q, Gentry EC, Knowles RR. Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9969-73. [PMID: 27403637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic method is described to access carbocation intermediates via the mesolytic cleavage of alkoxyamine radical cations. In this process, electron transfer between an excited state oxidant and a TEMPO-derived alkoxyamine substrate gives rise to a radical cation with a remarkably weak C-O bond. Spontaneous scission results in the formation of the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO(.) as well as a reactive carbocation intermediate that can be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Notably, this process occurs under neutral conditions and at comparatively mild potentials, enabling catalytic cation generation in the presence of both acid sensitive and easily oxidized nucleophilic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Emily C Gentry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- a Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR) , Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome , Italy
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8
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Del Giacco T, Lanzalunga O, Mazzonna M, Mencarelli P. Structural and Solvent Effects on the C–S Bond Cleavage in Aryl Triphenylmethyl Sulfide Radical Cations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1843-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8,
06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mencarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and
Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Subba Reddy BV, Borkar P, Yadav JS, Purushotham Reddy P, Kunwar AC, Sridhar B, Grée R. Oxidative Prins and Prins/Friedel–Crafts cyclizations for the stereoselective synthesis of dioxabicycles and hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isochromenes via the benzylic C–H activation. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1349-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Clausen DJ, Wan S, Floreancig PE. Total synthesis of the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor lactodehydrothyrsiferol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5178-81. [PMID: 21520363 PMCID: PMC3140912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dane J. Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (USA)
| | - Shuangyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (USA)
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (USA)
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11
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Clausen DJ, Wan S, Floreancig PE. Total Synthesis of the Protein Phosphatase 2A Inhibitor Lactodehydrothyrsiferol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Dyachenko VD, Karpov EN. Aliphatic aldehydes in the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles: Part II. Synthesis of six- and seven-membered rings, bicyclic compounds, and macrocycles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Baciocchi E, Bettoni M, Del Giacco T, Lanzalunga O, Mazzonna M, Mencarelli P. Structure and C−S Bond Cleavage in Aryl 1-Methyl-1-arylethyl Sulfide Radical Cations. J Org Chem 2010; 76:573-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baciocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Bettoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mencarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Jung HH, Floreancig PE. Mechanistic Analysis of Oxidative C-H Cleavages Using Inter- and Intramolecular Kinetic Isotope Effects. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:10830-10836. [PMID: 20640173 PMCID: PMC2904620 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of monodeuterated benzylic and allylic ethers were subjected to oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage to determine the impact of structural variation on intramolecular kinetic isotope effects in DDQ-mediated cyclization reactions. These values are compared to the corresponding intermolecular kinetic isotope effects that were accessed through subjecting mixtures of non-deuterated and dideuterated substrates to the reaction conditions. The results indicate that carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage is rate determining and that a radical cation is most likely a key intermediate in the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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15
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Liu L, Floreancig PE. Cyclization reactions through DDQ-mediated vinyl oxazolidinone oxidation. Org Lett 2009; 11:3152-5. [PMID: 19552390 DOI: 10.1021/ol901188q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl oxazolidinones react with DDQ to form alpha,beta-unsaturated acyliminium ions in a new method for forming electrophiles under oxidative conditions. Appended nucleophiles undergo 1,4-addition reactions with these intermediates to form cyclic vinyl oxazolidinones with good levels of diastereocontrol, highlighting a new approach to utilizing oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization to increase molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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16
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Yu B, Jiang T, Li J, Su Y, Pan X, She X. A Novel Prins Cyclization through Benzylic/Allylic C−H Activation. Org Lett 2009; 11:3442-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901291w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinfu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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17
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Houmam A. Electron Transfer Initiated Reactions: Bond Formation and Bond Dissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2180-237. [PMID: 18620366 DOI: 10.1021/cr068070x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Tu W, Liu L, Floreancig P. Diastereoselective Tetrahydropyrone Synthesis through Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4184-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Tu W, Liu L, Floreancig P. Diastereoselective Tetrahydropyrone Synthesis through Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Tellitu I, Domínguez E. On the regioselectivity of the PIFA-mediated bis(trifluoroacetoxylation) of styrene-type compounds. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Li Z, Li H, Guo X, Cao L, Yu R, Li H, Pan S. C−H Bond Oxidation Initiated Pummerer- and Knoevenagel-Type Reactions of Benzyl Sulfide and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2008; 10:803-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702934k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shiguang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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22
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Jung HH, Seiders JR, Floreancig PE. Oxidative cleavage in the construction of complex molecules: synthesis of the leucascandrolide A macrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:8464-7. [PMID: 17899618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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23
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Jung H, Seiders J, Floreancig P. Oxidative Cleavage in the Construction of Complex Molecules: Synthesis of the Leucascandrolide A Macrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Sun H, Martin C, Kesselring D, Keller R, Moeller KD. Building functionalized peptidomimetics: use of electroauxiliaries for introducing N-acyliminium ions into peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:13761-71. [PMID: 17044704 DOI: 10.1021/ja064737l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of silyl-substituted amino acids have been synthesized, inserted into peptides, and then employed as precursors for oxidatively generating reactive N-acyliminium ions. Both electrochemical and chemical oxidation procedures have been employed. N-Acyliminium ion generation in a solid-phase substrate as well as application to a small library of functionalized dipeptides has been demonstrated. Limitations in terms of how electron-rich the silyl groups can be as well as the compatibility of multiple silyl groups within a longer peptide are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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25
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Jiao J, Zhang Y, Devery JJ, Xu L, Deng J, Flowers RA. Mechanistic studies of Ce(IV)-mediated oxidation of beta-dicarbonyls: solvent-dependent behavior of radical cation intermediates. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5486-92. [PMID: 17602587 PMCID: PMC2593826 DOI: 10.1021/jo0625406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ce(IV)-initiated oxidation of synthetically relevant beta-diketones and beta-keto silyl enol ethers was explored in three solvents: acetonitrile, methylene chloride, and methanol. The studies presented herein show that the rate of reaction between Ce(IV) and the substrates is dependent upon the polarity of the solvent. Thermochemical studies and analysis are interpreted to be consistent with transition state stabilization by solvent being primarily responsible for the rate of substrate oxidation. Kinetic investigation of radical cations obtained from oxidations of beta-diketones reveals that a more ordered transition state for the radical cation decay is achieved through the direct involvement of methanol in the deprotonation of the intermediate. In the case of radical cations derived from beta-keto silyl enol ethers, experimental data support a mechanism involving unimolecular decay of the intermediate. Remarkably, radical cations derived from beta-diketones and beta-keto silyl enol ethers are surprisingly stable in methylene chloride.
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26
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Wan S, Gunaydin H, Houk KN, Floreancig PE. An experimental and computational approach to defining structure/reactivity relationships for intramolecular addition reactions to bicyclic epoxonium ions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7915-23. [PMID: 17547399 PMCID: PMC2562213 DOI: 10.1021/ja0709674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we report that oxidative cleavage reactions can be used to form oxocarbenium ions that react with pendent epoxides to form bicyclic epoxonium ions as an entry to the formation of cyclic oligoether compounds. Bicyclic epoxonium ion structure was shown to have a dramatic impact on the ratio of exo- to endo-cyclization reactions, with bicyclo[4.1.0] intermediates showing a strong preference for endo-closures and bicyclo[3.1.0] intermediates showing a preference for exo-closures. Computational studies on the structures and energetics of the transition states using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method provide substantial insight into the origins of this selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Hakan Gunaydin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Tu W, Floreancig PE. Intramolecular Electron Transfer Initiated Cation and Radical Formation through Carbon−Carbon Bond Activation. Org Lett 2007; 9:2389-92. [PMID: 17506577 DOI: 10.1021/ol070850k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radical cations can be formed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner by appending a sacrificial photooxidant to an easily oxidized substrate, leading to intramolecular electron transfer upon irradiation. The anthraquinone carboxyl group is an effective photooxidant that can promote single electron oxidation from an appended arene. The resulting intermediates undergo a cleavage reaction through carbon-carbon bond activation to provide either cations or radicals that react to form a range of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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28
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Tang Y, Oppenheimer J, Song Z, You L, Zhang X, Hsung RP. Strategies and approaches for constructing 1-oxadecalins. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Qin C, He P, Zhu S, Cao S. One-pot synthesis of N-protected α-amino aldehyde acetals from three-component reaction of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azide, vinyl ether and alcohol. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Roth HD, Herbertz T, Sauers RR, Weng H. Intramolecular nucleophilic capture of radical cations by tethered hydroxy functions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Attwood MR, Gilbert PS, Lewis ML, Mills K, Quayle P, Thompson SP, Wang S. α-Alkoxystannanes as masked oxonium ions: application to the synthesis of furo[2,3-b]pyrans. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Nair V, Mohanan K, Suja T, Suresh E. Stereoselective synthesis of 3,4-trans-disubstituted pyrrolidines and cyclopentanes via intramolecular radical cyclizations mediated by CAN. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Baciocchi E, Bietti M, Lanzalunga O. Fragmentation reactions of radical cations. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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CAN-mediated stereoselective cyclization of epoxypropyl cinnamyl amines to 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines and supramolecular assembly of the latter aided by ethyl acetate. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Suga S, Suzuki S, Yoshida JI. Intramolecular Participation in Alkoxycarbenium Ion Pools. Org Lett 2005; 7:4717-20. [PMID: 16209518 DOI: 10.1021/ol051915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Alkoxycarbenium ions having no substituents on the cationic carbon have been accumulated as "cation pools" by the introduction of an ether group in an appropriate position. Intramolecular participation of the ether oxygen is suggested to be responsible for stabilization of the alkoxycarbenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Suga
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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37
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One-pot three-component reaction of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azide, vinyl ether and aldehyde: the formation of polysubstituted fluorinated oxazolidines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Liu H, Wan S, Floreancig PE. Oxidative Cyclorelease from Soluble Polymeric Supports. J Org Chem 2005; 70:3814-8. [PMID: 15876065 DOI: 10.1021/jo0480951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Single electron oxidation is shown to be a viable method for effecting concomitant cyclization and cleavage (cyclorelease) of a series of polymer bound homobenzylic ethers. Soluble oligonorbornene polymers are stable toward redox chemistry and are isolable through precipitation with methanol, making them excellent supports for this process. These oxidative conditions are also shown to cleave secondary and tertiary alcohols and ethers in a new traceless approach to polymer-supported aldehyde and ketone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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