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Yang L, Zhou H, Chen G, Li H, Yang D, Pan L. Expression and Purification of Glycosyltransferase DnmS from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 and Study on Catalytic Characterization of Its Reverse Glycosyltransferase Reaction. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030762. [PMID: 36985335 PMCID: PMC10058486 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are an important class of natural antitumor drugs. They have a conservative aromatic tetracycline backbone that is substituted with different deoxyglucoses. The deoxyglucoses are crucial for the biological activity of many bacterial natural products after the proper modification from glycosyltransferases (GTs). The difficulty in obtaining highly purified active GTs has prevented biochemical studies on natural product GTs. In this paper, a new Escherichia coli fusion plasmid pGro7′, which introduces the Streptomyces coelicolor chaperone genes groEL1, groES and groEL2, was constructed. The glycosyltransferase DnmS from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 was co-expressed with the plasmid pGro7′, and unprecedented high-efficiency and soluble expression of DnmS in the E. coli expression system was realized. Subsequently, the reverse glycosylation reaction characteristics of DnmS and DnmQ were verified. We found that DnmS and DnmQ had the highest enzyme activity when they participated in the reaction at the same time. These studies provide a strategy for the soluble expression of GTs in Streptomyces and confirm the reversibility of the catalytic reaction of GTs. This provides a powerful method for the production of active anthracyclines and to enhance the diversity of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (L.P.)
| | - Lixia Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning 530200, China
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (L.P.)
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Salem SM, Weidenbach S, Rohr J. Two Cooperative Glycosyltransferases Are Responsible for the Sugar Diversity of Saquayamycins Isolated from Streptomyces sp. KY 40-1. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2529-2534. [PMID: 28892347 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of valuable natural products providing an excellent drug-tailoring tool. Herein, we report the identification of two cooperative glycosyltransferases from the sqn gene cluster directing the biosynthesis of saquayamycins in Streptomyces sp. KY40-1: SqnG1 and SqnG2. Gene inactivation of sqnG1 leads to 50-fold decrease in saquayamycin production, while inactivation of sqnG2 leads to complete production loss, suggesting that SqnG2 acts as dual O- and C-glycosyltransferase. Gene inactivation of a third putative glycosyltransferase-encoding gene, sqnG3, does not affect saquayamycin production in a major way, suggesting that SqnG3 has no or a supportive role in glycosylation. The data indicate that SqnG1 and SqnG2 are solely and possibly cooperatively responsible for the sugar diversity observed in saquayamycins 1-7. This is the first evidence of a glycosyltransferase system showing codependence to achieve dual O- and C-glycosyltransferase activity, utilizing NDP-activated d-olivose, l-rhodinose, as well as an unusual amino sugar, presumably 3,6-dideoxy-l-idosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Stevi Weidenbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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3
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Deoxysugar pathway interchange for erythromycin analogues heterologously produced through Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2013; 20:92-100. [PMID: 24060454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The overall erythromycin biosynthetic pathway can be sub-divided into macrocyclic polyketide formation and polyketide tailoring to produce the final bioactive molecule. In this study, the native deoxysugar tailoring reactions were exchanged for the purpose of demonstrating the production of alternative final erythromycin compounds. Both the d-desosamine and l-mycarose deoxysugar pathways were replaced with the alternative d-mycaminose and d-olivose pathways to produce new erythromycin analogues through the Escherichia coli heterologous system. Both analogues exhibited bioactivity against multiple antibiotic-resistant Bacillus subtilis strains. Besides demonstrating an intrinsic flexibility for the biosynthetic system to accommodate alternative tailoring pathways, the results offer an initial attempt to leverage the E. coli platform for erythromycin analogue production.
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4
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Moncrieffe MC, Fernandez MJ, Spiteller D, Matsumura H, Gay NJ, Luisi BF, Leadlay PF. Structure of the glycosyltransferase EryCIII in complex with its activating P450 homologue EryCII. J Mol Biol 2011; 415:92-101. [PMID: 22056329 PMCID: PMC3391682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of the clinically important antibiotic erythromycin D, the glycosyltransferase (GT) EryCIII, in concert with its partner EryCII, attaches a nucleotide-activated sugar to the macrolide scaffold with high specificity. To understand the role of EryCII, we have determined the crystal structure of the EryCIII·EryCII complex at 3.1 Å resolution. The structure reveals a heterotetramer with a distinctive, elongated quaternary organization. The EryCIII subunits form an extensive self-complementary dimer interface at the center of the complex, and the EryCII subunits lie on the periphery. EryCII binds in the vicinity of the putative macrolide binding site of EryCIII but does not make direct interactions with this site. Our biophysical and enzymatic data support a model in which EryCII stabilizes EryCIII and also functions as an allosteric activator of the GT.
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5
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Erb A, Weiss H, Härle J, Bechthold A. A bacterial glycosyltransferase gene toolbox: generation and applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1812-21. [PMID: 19559449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity of many natural products produced by microorganisms can be attributed to their sugar substituents. These substituents are transferred as nucleotide-activated sugars to an aglycon by glycosyltransferases. Engineering these enzymes can broaden their substrate specificity and can therefore have an impact on the bioactivity of the secondary metabolites. In this review we present the generation of a glycosyltransferase gene toolbox which contains more than 70 bacterial glycosyltransferases to date. Investigations of the function, specificity and structure of these glycosyltransferases help to understand the great potential of these enzymes for natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Erb
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Härle J, Bechthold A. Chapter 12. The power of glycosyltransferases to generate bioactive natural compounds. Methods Enzymol 2009; 458:309-33. [PMID: 19374988 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)04812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which catalyze the attachment of a sugar moiety to an aglycone are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of many valuable natural products. Their use in pharmaceutical biotechnology is becoming more and more visible. The promiscuity of GTs has prompted efforts to modify sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products. Here, we present the state of the art in this field. After describing the importance of GTs in determining the functions of natural products, a general survey of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions is documented. This is followed by an overview of crystallized GT-B superfamily members and a discussion of the amino acids of these GTs involved in substrate binding. The main chapter is concerned with emphasizing the application of GTs in metabolic pathway engineering leading to novel unnatural bioactive compounds. A strategy to explore new GTs is presented as well as strategies to generate artificial GTs either randomly or in a rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Härle
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Sattely ES, Fischbach MA, Walsh CT. Total biosynthesis: in vitro reconstitution of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:757-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b801747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Leimkuhler C, Fridman M, Lupoli T, Walker S, Walsh CT, Kahne D. Characterization of rhodosaminyl transfer by the AknS/AknT glycosylation complex and its use in reconstituting the biosynthetic pathway of aclacinomycin A. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10546-50. [PMID: 17685523 PMCID: PMC2580061 DOI: 10.1021/ja072909o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetracyclic core of anthracycline natural products with antitumor activity such as aclacinomycin A are tailored during biosynthesis by regioselective glycosylation. We report the first synthesis of TDP-L-rhodosamine and demonstrate that the glycosyltransferase AknS transfers L-rhodosamine to the aglycone to initiate construction of the side-chain trisaccharide. The partner protein AknT accelerates AknS turnover rate for L-rhodosamine transfer by 200-fold. AknT does not affect the Km but rather affects the kcat. Using these data, we propose that AknT causes a conformational change in AknS that stabilizes the transition state and ultimately enhances transfer. When the subsequent glycosyltransferase AknK and its substrate TDP-L-fucose are also added to the aglycone, the disaccharide and low levels of a fully reconstituted trisaccharide form of aclacinomycin are observed.
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9
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Borisova SA, Zhang C, Takahashi H, Zhang H, Wong AW, Thorson JS, Liu HW. Substrate specificity of the macrolide-glycosylating enzyme pair DesVII/DesVIII: opportunities, limitations, and mechanistic hypotheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:2748-53. [PMID: 16538696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Borisova
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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10
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Zhang C, Fu Q, Albermann C, Li L, Thorson JS. The in vitro characterization of the erythronolide mycarosyltransferase EryBV and its utility in macrolide diversification. Chembiochem 2007; 8:385-90. [PMID: 17262863 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhang
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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Lee HY, Khosla C. Bioassay-guided evolution of glycosylated macrolide antibiotics in Escherichia coli. PLoS Biol 2007; 5:e45. [PMID: 17298179 PMCID: PMC1790958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin are clinically important polyketide natural products. We have engineered a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli that produces small but measurable quantities of the bioactive macrolide 6-deoxyerythromycin D. Bioassay-guided evolution of this strain led to the identification of an antibiotic-overproducing mutation in the mycarose biosynthesis and transfer pathway that was detectable via a colony-based screening assay. This high-throughput assay was then used to evolve second-generation mutants capable of enhanced precursor-directed biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics. The availability of a screen for macrolide biosynthesis in E. coli offers a fundamentally new approach in dissecting modular megasynthase mechanisms as well as engineering antibiotics with novel pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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12
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Rodríguez E, Peirú S, Carney JR, Gramajo H. In vivo characterization of the dTDP-D-desosamine pathway of the megalomicin gene cluster from Micromonospora megalomicea. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2006; 152:667-673. [PMID: 16514147 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vivo reconstitution of the dTDP-D-desosamine pathway of the megalomicin gene cluster from Micromonospora megalomicea was achieved by expression of the genes in Escherichia coli. LC/MS/MS analysis of the dTDP-sugar intermediates produced by operons containing different sets of genes showed that production of dTDP-D-desosamine from dtdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose requires only four biosynthetic steps, catalysed by MegCIV, MegCV, MegDII and MegDIII, and that MegCII is not involved. Instead, bioconversion studies demonstrated that MegCII is needed together with MegCIII to catalyse transfer of D-desosamine to 3-alpha-mycarosylerythronolide B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rodríguez
- Kosan Biosciences, Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, (S2002LRK) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salvador Peirú
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, (S2002LRK) Rosario, Argentina
| | - John R Carney
- Kosan Biosciences, Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Kosan Biosciences, Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, (S2002LRK) Rosario, Argentina
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13
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Borisova SA, Zhang C, Takahashi H, Zhang H, Wong AW, Thorson JS, Liu HW. Substrate Specificity of the Macrolide-Glycosylating Enzyme Pair DesVII/DesVIII: Opportunities, Limitations, and Mechanistic Hypotheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Yuan Y, Chung HS, Leimkuhler C, Walsh CT, Kahne D, Walker S. In vitro reconstitution of EryCIII activity for the preparation of unnatural macrolides. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:14128-9. [PMID: 16218575 PMCID: PMC2525786 DOI: 10.1021/ja053704n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EryCIII is a desosaminyltransferase that converts an inactive macrolide precursor to a biologically active antibiotic. It may have potential for the synthesis of unnatural macrolides with useful biological activities. However, it has been difficult to reconstitute the activity of EryCIII in vitro. We report here that purified, inactive EryCIII can be converted to an active catalyst by the addition of another protein encoded in the same gene cluster, EryCII. The EryCII-treated protein retains activity even when EryCII is removed. We also show that AknT, an activator protein from an unrelated gene cluster, is capable of activating EryCIII. Although the mechanism of activation is not yet understood, we have concluded from these experiments that these antibiotic Gtf activator proteins do not function to deliver substrates to EryCIII and do not exert their effects by forming stable complexes with the Gtf during the glycosyltransfer reaction. We report that activated EryCIII is capable of utilizing an alternative sugar donor, so these results lay the groundwork for the production of novel macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Lu W, Leimkuhler C, Gatto GJ, Kruger RG, Oberthür M, Kahne D, Walsh CT. AknT is an activating protein for the glycosyltransferase AknS in L-aminodeoxysugar transfer to the aglycone of aclacinomycin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:527-34. [PMID: 15911373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During biosynthesis of the anthracycline antitumor agents daunomycin, adriamycin, and aclacinomycin, the polyketide-derived tetracyclic aglycone is enzymatically glycosylated at the C7-OH by dedicated glycosyltransferases (Gtfs) that transfer L-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-aminohexoses. In aclacinomycins, the first deoxyhexose is predicted to be transferred via AknS action, then subjected to further elongation to a trisaccharide by the subsequent Gtf, AknK. We report here that purified AknS has very low activity in the absence of the adjacently encoded AknT; however, at a 3:1 ratio, AknT stimulates AknS k(cat) by 40-fold up to 0.22 min(-1) for transfer of L-2-deoxyfucose (2-dF) to the aglycone aklavinone. It is likely that several other Gtfs that glycosylate polyketide aglycones also act as two-component catalytic systems. Incubations of purified AknS/AknT/AknK with two aglycones and two dTDP-2-deoxyhexoses produced previously uncharacterized anthracycline disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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