1
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Waluk J. Nuclear Quantum Effects in Proton or Hydrogen Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:598-607. [PMID: 38198616 PMCID: PMC10801683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Proton or hydrogen transfers, basic chemical reactions, proceed either by thermally activated barrier crossing or via tunneling. Studies of molecules undergoing single or double proton or hydrogen transfer in the ground or excited electronic state reveal that tunneling can dominate under conditions usually considered to favor the thermal process. Moreover, the tunneling probability strongly varies for excitation of certain vibrational modes, which changes the effective barrier and/or proton transfer distance. When the reaction is fast compared to vibrational relaxation, the mode selectivity can still be maintained for molecules in solutions at 293 K. These observations point to dangers of relating the calculated minimum energy paths and the associated barriers to the experimentally obtained activation energies. The multidimensional character of the reaction coordinate is obvious; it can dramatically change for slowly and rapidly relaxing environments. We postulate that the hydrogen bond definition should be extended by specifically including the role of molecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan
Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Li F, Yang X, Liu X, Cao J, Bian W. An Ab Initio Neural Network Potential Energy Surface for the Dimer of Formic Acid and Further Quantum Tunneling Dynamics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17296-17303. [PMID: 37214673 PMCID: PMC10193396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We construct a full-dimensional ab initio neural network potential energy surface (PES) for the isomerization system of the formic acid dimer (FAD). This is based upon ab initio calculations using the DLPNO-CCSD(T) approach with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, performed at over 14000 symmetry-unique geometries. An accurate fit to the obtained energies is generated using a general neural network fitting procedure combined with the fundamental invariant method, and the overall energy-weighted root-mean-square fitting error is about 6.4 cm-1. Using this PES, we present a multidimensional quantum dynamics study on tunneling splittings with an efficient theoretical scheme developed by our group. The ground-state tunneling splitting of FAD calculated with a four-mode coupled method is in good agreement with the most recent experimental measurements. The PES can be applied for further dynamics studies. The effectiveness of the present scheme for constructing a high-dimensional PES is demonstrated, and this scheme is expected to be feasible for larger molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
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3
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Waluk J. Coupling between tautomerism and radiationless deactivation in porphycenes. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Quantum yields of fluorescence of porphycenes – porphyrin isomers – can vary by orders of magnitude, even for very similar derivatives, such as meso-dimethyl- vs. meso-tetramethylporphycene. In weakly emitting porphycenes the fluorescence intensity strongly depends on viscosity and can be recovered by placing a molecule in a rigid environment. We postulate that the efficient nonradiative deactivation is due to the quantum effect, delocalization of the inner protons. The delocalization, which increases with the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds may induce structural changes that lead to distortion from planarity and, as a result, efficient S0 ← S1 internal conversion. The effect seems to be general, as indicated by good correlation between the quantum yield of fluorescence and the distance between H-bonded nitrogen atoms, the latter being a reliable measure of hydrogen bonding strength. Based on the available photophysical and X-ray data, such correlation was found so far for over 20 differently substituted porphycenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw , Poland
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4
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Mbakara I, Gajewska A, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nawara K, Kumpulainen T, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Spectroscopic investigation of photophysics and tautomerism of amino- and nitroporphycenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29655-29666. [PMID: 36453100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parent, unsubstituted porphycene and its two derivatives: 2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene and 2,7,12,17-tetra-t-butylporphycene were substituted at the meso position with amino and nitro groups. These two families of porphycenes were characterized in detail with respect to their spectral, photophysical, and tautomeric properties. Two trans tautomers of similar energies coexist in the ground electronic state, but only one form dominates in the lowest excited singlet state. Absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and emission anisotropy combined with quantum-chemical calculations led to the assignment of S1 and S2 transitions in both tautomers. Compared with the parent porphycene, the S1-S2 energy gap significantly increases; for one tautomeric form, the effect is twice as large as for the other. Both amino- and nitroporphycenes emit single fluorescence; previously reported dual emission of aminoporphycenes is attributed to a degradation product. Introduction of bulky t-butyl groups leads to a huge decrease in fluorescence intensity; this effect, arising from the interaction of the meso substituent with the adjacent t-butyl moiety, is particularly strong in the nitro derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaresit Mbakara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Hydrogen Delocalization in an Asymmetric Biomolecule: The Curious Case of Alpha-Fenchol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010101. [PMID: 35011331 PMCID: PMC8746872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rotational microwave jet spectroscopy studies of the monoterpenol α-fenchol have so far failed to identify its second most stable torsional conformer, despite computational predictions that it is only very slightly higher in energy than the global minimum. Vibrational FTIR and Raman jet spectroscopy investigations reveal unusually complex OH and OD stretching spectra compared to other alcohols. Via modeling of the torsional states, observed spectral splittings are explained by delocalization of the hydroxy hydrogen atom through quantum tunneling between the two non-equivalent but accidentally near-degenerate conformers separated by a low and narrow barrier. The energy differences between the torsional states are determined to be only 16(1) and 7(1) cm-1hc for the protiated and deuterated alcohol, respectively, which further shrink to 9(1) and 3(1) cm-1hc upon OH or OD stretch excitation. Comparisons are made with the more strongly asymmetric monoterpenols borneol and isopinocampheol as well as with the symmetric, rapidly tunneling propargyl alcohol. In addition, the third-in contrast localized-torsional conformer and the most stable dimer are assigned for α-fenchol, as well as the two most stable dimers for propargyl alcohol.
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6
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Medel R. Simple models for the quick estimation of ground state hydrogen tunneling splittings in alcohols and other compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17591-17605. [PMID: 34369526 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Models for the quick estimation of energy splittings caused by coherent tunneling of hydrogen atoms are evaluated with available experimental data for alcohols and improvements are proposed. The discussed models are mathematically simple and require only results from routine quantum chemical computations, i.e. hybrid DFT calculation of the equilibrium geometry and the transition state within the harmonic approximation. A benchmark of experimental splittings spanning four orders of magnitude for 27 alcohol species is captured by three evaluated models with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.7, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, i.e. the calculated values deviate on average by this factor in either direction. Limitations of the models are explored with alcohols featuring uncommon properties, such as an inverted conformational energy sequence, a very light molecular frame, an elevated torsional frequency, or a coupling with a second internal degree of freedom. If the splitting of either the protiated or deuterated form of an alcohol is already experimentally determined, the one of the second isotopolog can be estimated by three additional models with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.14, 1.19 and 1.15, respectively. It is shown that this can be achieved with a novel approach without any quantum chemical calculation by directly correlating experimental splittings of isotopologs across related species. This is also demonstrated for other classes of compounds with hydrogen tunneling, such as amines, thiols, and phenols. Furthermore, it is found that the isotope effect can even be anticipated without any further knowledge about the system solely from the size of either splitting with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.3. This is based on an extensive sample of 77 pairs of splittings spanning eight orders of magnitude for isotopologs of chemically diverse compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Medel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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7
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Kalaiselvan A, Spergen A, Krishna ISV, Reddy VS, Gokulnath S. Double intramolecular hydrogen transfer assisted dual emission in a carbazole-embedded porphyrin-like macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4420-4423. [PMID: 33949463 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a pyrrole ring at one of the meso positions of carbazole-based porphyrins lowers the structural symmetry and results in dual emission, which strongly depends on the excitation wavelength and temperature. The origin of dual emission induced by NH-tautomerism is confirmed via photophysical and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugan Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Aswini Spergen
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Isukapalli Sai Vamsi Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
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8
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Listkowski A, Kharchenko A, Ciąćka P, Kijak M, Masiera N, Rybakiewicz R, Luboradzki R, Fita P, Waluk J. Fluorinated Porphycenes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Photophysics, and Tautomerism. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2197-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Science Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Dewajtis 5 01-815 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anastasiia Kharchenko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Masiera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Renata Rybakiewicz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Science Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Dewajtis 5 01-815 Warsaw Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Science Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Dewajtis 5 01-815 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Liu H, Cao J, Bian W. Efficient Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Mode-Specific Tunneling Splittings upon Fundamental Excitation in the Dimer of Formic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6536-6543. [PMID: 32662997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formic acid dimer (FAD) is an important benchmark system for understanding the double hydrogen transfer process. Most recently, Zhang et al. measured a few tunneling splittings upon fundamental excitation of FAD precisely (Zhang, Y. et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 146, 244306); however, relevant theoretical studies are very limited. Here, we present a multidimensional quantum dynamics study on mode-specific tunneling splittings upon fundamental excitation in FAD with an efficient theoretical scheme developed by our group in which the process-oriented basis function customization strategy is combined with the preconditioned inexact spectral transform method. Various mode-specific tunneling splittings upon fundamental excitation are systematically calculated, and interesting mode-specific excitation effects on tunneling rate are identified. In particular, the calculated tunneling splittings for the ν22 and ν21 states are in good agreement with experiment, and the remarkable mode-specific suppression effects upon excitation should result from that the antisymmetric vibrational modes hinder the concerted double H-transfer. The present work is helpful to acquire a better understanding of the mode-specific excitation effects on tunneling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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10
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Kijak M, Nawara K, Listkowski A, Masiera N, Buczyńska J, Urbańska N, Orzanowska G, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. 2 + 2 Can Make Nearly a Thousand! Comparison of Di- and Tetra- Meso-Alkyl-Substituted Porphycenes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4594-4604. [PMID: 32423205 PMCID: PMC7590974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two porphycenes, substituted at the meso positions with two and four methyl groups, respectively, reveal similar absorption spectra, but their photophysical properties are completely different. 9,20-dimethylporphycene emits fluorescence with about 20% quantum yield, independent of the solvent. In contrast, fluorescence of 9,10,19,20-tetramethylporphycene is extremely weak in nonviscous solvents, but it can be recovered by placing the chromophore in a rigid environment. We propose a model that explains these differences, based on calculations and structural analogies with other extremely weakly emitting derivatives, dibenzo[cde,mno]porphycenes. The efficient S1 deactivation involves delocalization of two inner cavity protons coupled with proton translocation toward a high-energy cis tautomer. The latter process leads to distortion from planarity. The probability of deactivation increases with the strength of the intramolecular NH···N hydrogen bonds. The model also explains the observation of biexponential fluorescence decay in weakly emitting porphycenes. It can be extended to other derivatives, in particular, the asymmetrically substituted ones. We also point to the possibility of using specific porphycenes as viscosity sensors, in particular, when working in single molecule regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Masiera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Buczyńska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Orzanowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Wu R, Bao DL, Yan L, Wang Y, Ren J, Zhang YF, Huan Q, Zhang YY, Du S, Pantelides ST, Gao HJ. Direct Visualization of Hydrogen-Transfer Intermediate States by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1536-1541. [PMID: 32011142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atoms bonded within molecular cavities often undergo tunneling or thermal-transfer processes that play major roles in diverse physical phenomena. Such transfers may or may not entail intermediate states. The existence of such fleeting states is typically determined by indirect means, while their direct visualization has not been achieved, largely because their concentrations under equilibrium conditions are negligible. Here we use density-functional-theory calculations and scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM) image simulations to predict that, under specially designed nonequilibrium conditions of voltage-enhanced high transfer rates, the cis-intermediate of the two-hydrogen transfer process in metal-free naphthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on Ag(111) surfaces would be visualizable in a composite image of double-C morphology. As guided by the theoretical predictions, at adjusted scanning temperature and bias, STM experiments achieve a direct visualization of the cis-intermediate. This work demonstrates a practical way to directly visualize elusive intermediates, which enhances understanding of the quantum dynamics of hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongting Wu
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Linghao Yan
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Junhai Ren
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qing Huan
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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12
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Peukert S, Kijak M, Ostapko J, Sepioł J, Le Bris C, Zehnacker-Rentien A, Gil M, Waluk J. Supersonic jet spectroscopy of parent hemiporphycene: Structural assignment and vibrational analysis for S 0 and S 1 electronic states. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134307. [PMID: 30292190 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemiporphycene (HPc), a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, is studied under supersonic expansion conditions by means of laser-induced fluorescence, visible-visible hole-burning experiments, single vibronic level fluorescence techniques, and quantum chemical calculations. Only one trans form of jet-cooled HPc is observed, in contrast to solution studies that evidence a mixture of two trans tautomeric forms separated in energy by ∼1 kcal/mol. Reliable structural assignment is provided by simulating absorption and emission patterns at the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory levels of theory. The vibronic spectra are nicely reproduced for both electronic ground and lowest excited singlet states for the most stable trans form. In contrast to another porphyrin isomer, porphycene (Pc), no tunneling or photo-induced hydrogen transfer is detected. The lower symmetry of HPc compared with Pc and the concomitant non-equivalent positions of the inner-cavity nitrogen atoms result in a non-symmetric double minimum potential for tautomerization, larger energy barrier, and a longer tunneling distance, with the average intramolecular hydrogen bond length larger in HPc than in Pc. HPc readily forms hydrates that show red-shifted absorption relative to the bare molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peukert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Ostapko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sepioł
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Catherine Le Bris
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Orsay, France
| | | | - Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Gil M, Kijak M, Piwoński H, Herbich J, Waluk J. Non-typical fluorescence studies of excited and ground state proton and hydrogen transfer. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:014007. [PMID: 28248649 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa5e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence studies of tautomerization have been carried out for various systems that exhibit single and double proton or hydrogen translocation in various environments, such as liquid and solid condensed phases, ultracold supersonic jets, and finally, polymer matrices with single emitters. We focus on less explored areas of application of fluorescence for tautomerization studies, using porphycene, a porphyrin isomer, as an example. Fluorescence anisotropy techniques allow investigations of self-exchange reactions, where the reactant and product are formally identical. Excitation with polarized light makes it possible to monitor tautomerization in single molecules and to detect their three-dimensional orientation. Analysis of fluorescence from single vibronic levels of jet-isolated porphycene not only demonstrates coherent tunneling of two internal protons, but also indicates that the process is vibrational mode-specific. Next, we present bifunctional proton donor-acceptor systems, molecules that are able, depending on the environment, to undergo excited state single intramolecular or double intermolecular proton transfer. For molecules that have donor and acceptor groups located in separate moieties linked by a single bond, excited state tautomerization can be coupled to mutual twisting of the two subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Fita P, Grill L, Listkowski A, Piwoński H, Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Sepioł J, Mengesha E, Kumagai T, Waluk J. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations of tautomerization in porphycenes: condensed phases, supersonic jets, and single molecule studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4921-4937. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tautomerization of porphycene, coherent in supersonic jets and a rate process in solutions, can be controlled for single molecules on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - L. Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - A. Listkowski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - H. Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - S. Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - M. Pszona
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. Sepioł
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - E. Mengesha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - T. Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - J. Waluk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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16
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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17
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Abstract
Tautomerization in porphycenes, constitutional isomers of porphyrins, is strongly entangled with spectral and photophysical parameters. The intramolecular double hydrogen transfer occurring in the ground and electronically excited states leads to uncommon spectroscopic characteristics, such as depolarized emission, viscosity-dependent radiationless depopulation, and vibrational-mode-specific tunneling splittings. This review starts with documentation of the electronic spectra of porphycenes: Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism are discussed, together with their analysis based on the perimeter model. Next, photophysical characteristics are presented, setting the stage for the final part, which discusses the developments in research on tautomerism. Porphycenes have been studied in different experimental regimes: molecules in condensed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of single molecules investigated by optical and scanning probe microscopies. Because of the rich and detailed information obtained from these diverse investigations, porphycenes emerge as very good models for studying the complex, multidimensional phenomena involved in the process of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Gorski A, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Kamińska I, Nogala W, Waluk J. Single molecule Raman spectra of porphycene isotopologues. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3337-3349. [PMID: 26731569 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra have been obtained for the parent porphycene (Pc-d0) and its deuterated isotopologue (Pc-d12), located on gold and silver nanoparticles. Equal populations of "hot spots" by the two isotopologues are observed for 1 : 1 mixtures in a higher concentration range of the single molecule regime (5 × 10(-9) M). For decreasing concentrations, hot spots are preferentially populated by undeuterated molecules. This is interpreted as an indication of a lower surface diffusion coefficient of Pc-d12. The photostability of single Pc molecules placed on nanoparticles is strongly increased in comparison with polymer environments. Trans tautomeric species dominate the spectra, but the analysis of time traces reveals transient intermediates, possibly due to rare cis tautomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
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19
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Ciąćka P, Fita P, Listkowski A, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Evidence for Dominant Role of Tunneling in Condensed Phases and at High Temperatures: Double Hydrogen Transfer in Porphycenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:283-288. [PMID: 26727277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the double hydrogen transfer in porphycene, its 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butyl derivative, and their N-deuterated isotopologues revealed the dominant role of tunneling, even at room temperature in condensed phase. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy with polarized light employed in a wide range of temperatures allowed the identification and evaluation of contributions of two tunneling modes: vibrational ground-state tunneling, occurring from the zero vibrational level, and vibrationally activated, via a large amplitude, low-frequency mode. Good correspondence was found between the rates of incoherent tunneling occurring in condensed phase and the values estimated on the basis of tunneling splittings observed in molecules isolated in supersonic jets or helium nanodroplets. The results provide solid experimental insight into widely proposed quantum facets of ubiquitous hydrogen-transfer phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Oohora K, Ogawa A, Fukuda T, Onoda A, Hasegawa JY, Hayashi T. meso-Dibenzoporphycene has a Large Bathochromic Shift and a Porphycene Framework with an UnusualcisTautomeric Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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meso-Dibenzoporphycene has a Large Bathochromic Shift and a Porphycene Framework with an UnusualcisTautomeric Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6227-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Mengesha ET, Zehnacker-Rentien A, Sepioł J, Kijak M, Waluk J. Spectroscopic Study of Jet-Cooled Deuterated Porphycenes: Unusual Isotopic Effects on Proton Tunneling. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2193-203. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505553z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ephriem T. Mengesha
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO, CNRS Université Paris Sud, Bât. 210−91405 Orsay Cédex, France
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne Zehnacker-Rentien
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO, CNRS Université Paris Sud, Bât. 210−91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - J. Sepioł
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Ciąćka P, Fita P, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nonell S, Kuzuhara D, Yamada H, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Tautomerism in Porphycenes: Analysis of Rate-Affecting Factors. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2292-301. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Santi Nonell
- Molecular
Engineering Group, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Homayoon Z, Bowman JM, Evangelista FA. Calculations of Mode-Specific Tunneling of Double-Hydrogen Transfer in Porphycene Agree with and Illuminate Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2723-2727. [PMID: 26277970 DOI: 10.1021/jz501482v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical study of mode-specific tunneling splittings in double-hydrogen transfer in trans-porphycene. We use a novel, mode-specific "Qim path method", in which the reaction coordinate is the imaginary-frequency normal mode of the saddle point separating the equivalent minima. The model considers all 108 normal modes and uses no adjustable parameters. The method gives the ground vibrational-state tunneling splitting, as well the increase in the splitting upon excitation of certain modes, in good agreement with experiment. Interpretation of these results is also transparent with this method. In addition, predictions are made for mode excitations not investigated experimentally. Results for d1 and d2 isotopolgues are also in agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Homayoon
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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25
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Mengesha ET, Sepioł J, Borowicz P, Waluk J. Vibrations of porphycene in the S0 and S1 electronic states: Single vibronic level dispersed fluorescence study in a supersonic jet. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4802769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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26
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Fita P, Ciacka P, Czerski I, Pietraszkiewicz M, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Double Hydrogen Transfer in Low Symmetry Porphycenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rate constants of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer have been determined for of tert-butyl-substituted porphycenes: 2-tert-butyl-, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-, 2,7,12-tri-tert-butyl-, and 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene using femtosecond pump-probe polarization spectroscopy. The rates increase monotonically with the number of substituents. As is the case for other porphycenes studied so far, the tautomerization becomes slower after excitation to the lowest excited singlet state. The potential for the trans-trans self-exchange reaction is symmetrical in di- and tetra-tert-butyl substituted derivatives, but not for the singly and triply substituted ones. Our studies enabled determination of the relative populations of nonequivalent tautomers and thus of the equilibrium constants in S0 and S1 states, as well as estimation of ground and excited state activation energies for the tautomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fita
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Polen
| | - Piotr Ciacka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Polen
| | - Igor Czerski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of physical Chemistry, Warsaw, Polen
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27
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Fita P, Pszona M, Orzanowska G, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Tautomerization in 2,7,12,17-Tetraphenylporphycene and 9-Amino-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene: Influence of Asymmetry on the Direction of the Transition Moment. Chemistry 2012; 18:13160-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Matsuo T, Komatsuzaki K, Tsuji T, Hayashi T. Reaction of cobalt porphycene with hydride reagents: spectroscopic detection of Co–H porphycene species and formation of Co–SnR3 porphycene species. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of tetrapropylporphycenatocobalt(III) with tributyltin hydride generates a cobalt(III)–hydride porphycene detectable by UV-vis spectroscopy under diluted conditions, whereas it is impossible to characterize hydride species of cobalt porphyrins. One of the reasons for the stability of the porphycene hydride species is that the porphycene ring has a lower LUMO energy level due to the decrease in the symmetry of the ligand character. However, the hydride species in a highly concentrated solution of the complex is easily converted into the cobalt(II) species via dimerization or reaction of the hydride with excess tributyltin hydride through hemolysis of the Sn–H/Co–H bonds. When the Co(III) porphycene is reacted with LiBHEt3 , the final product is the cobalt(III)–ethyl complex formed by β-rearrangement during the reaction of the hydride species and diethylborane in a solvent cage. In the reaction of tetrakistrifluoromethylporphycenatocobalt(III) with tributyltin hydride, the dominant reaction pathway includes one-electron reduction of the porphycene ring together with radical coupling of the tin reagent rather than the net hydride transfer. This finding suggests that the delicate control of the LUMO energy level influences the stability of the hydride species. The tetrapropylporphycenatocobalt(III) complex with tributyltin or triphenyltin hydride in the presence of AIBN produces the corresponding Co(III)– trialkyltin complex. This complex was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Komatsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Czerski I, Listkowski A, Nawrocki J, Urbańska N, Piwoński H, Sokołowski A, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. The long and winding road to new porphycenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe attempts — not always successful — made over the years to improve the efficiency of porphycene synthesis and to produce novel compounds, custom-designed for specific purposes. New porphycenes are reported, some of them obtained rather unexpectedly as by-products of the planned reactions. Structure and energy computations of possible tautomeric forms in porphycenes substituted by one, two, three, and four tert-butyl groups lead to predictions regarding the kinetics and mechanisms of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer. The occurrence of tautomerization in single molecules of tert-butylsubstituted porphycenes is demonstrated by using fluorescence polarization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Czerski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Hubert Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Adam Sokołowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
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30
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Quantum tautomerization in porphycene and its isotopomers: Path-integral molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Unsubstituted porphycene was prepared in 65% yield from 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene. Taking into account the yield of the substrate, this represents more than a five-fold improvement compared to the methodology used to date. Enhanced availability of the parent porphycene may be exploited in synthetic procedures based on derivatization of the unsubstituted compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
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32
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Gawinkowski S, Walewski Ł, Vdovin A, Slenczka A, Rols S, Johnson MR, Lesyng B, Waluk J. Vibrations and hydrogen bonding in porphycene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5489-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Fita P, Garbacz P, Nejbauer M, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Ground and Excited State Double Hydrogen Transfer in Symmetric and Asymmetric Potentials: Comparison of 2,7,12,17‐Tetra‐
n
‐propylporphycene with 9‐Acetoxy‐2,7,12,17‐tetra‐
n
‐propylporphycene. Chemistry 2011; 17:3672-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest‐Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4 (Switzerland)
| | - Piotr Garbacz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Michał Nejbauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
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34
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Theoretical study on the mechanism of double proton transfer in porphycene by path-integral molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Gawinkowski S, Eilmes J, Waluk J. Structure, vibrations, and hydrogen bond parameters of dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Walewski Ł, Waluk J, Lesyng B. Car−Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Study of the Intramolecular Vibrational Mode-Sensitive Double Proton-Transfer Mechanisms in Porphycene. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2313-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907754r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Walewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, and Department of Biophysics and Centre of Excellence BioExploratorium, Faculty of Physics, University of Waraw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, and Department of Biophysics and Centre of Excellence BioExploratorium, Faculty of Physics, University of Waraw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lesyng
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, and Department of Biophysics and Centre of Excellence BioExploratorium, Faculty of Physics, University of Waraw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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37
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Fita P, Urbanska N, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Unusually Slow Intermolecular Proton-Deuteron Exchange in Porphycene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2008.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rates of the intermolecular exchange of two internal protons by deuterons have been determined for alcohol solutions of porphycene and its 2,7,12,17-tetra-t-butyl derivative using femtosecond pump-probe polarization spectroscopy. The process is very slow, requiring approximately twenty hours to substitute both protons by deuterons in more than 90% of the molecules dissolved in bulk EtOD or BuOD at 293 K. Equal rates were found for the exchange of the first and the second proton.
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Cuesta L, Karnas E, Lynch VM, Chen P, Shen J, Kadish KM, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Sessler JL. Metalloporphycenes: Synthesis and Characterization of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium Sitting-Atop and π-Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13538-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905284d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Karnas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sobolewski AL, Gil M, Dobkowski J, Waluk J. On the Origin of Radiationless Transitions in Porphycenes. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7714-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gil
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Dobkowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Fita P, Urbańska N, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Ground- and Excited-State Tautomerization Rates in Porphycenes. Chemistry 2009; 15:4851-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Vdovin A, Waluk J, Dick B, Slenczka A. Mode-Selective Promotion and Isotope Effects of Concerted Double-Hydrogen Tunneling in Porphycene Embedded in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:761-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lopez del Amo JM, Langer U, Torres V, Pietrzak M, Buntkowsky G, Vieth HM, Shibl MF, Kühn O, Bröring M, Limbach HH. Isotope and Phase Effects on the Proton Tautomerism in Polycrystalline Porphycene Revealed by NMR. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:2193-206. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8079414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Lopez del Amo
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Langer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verónica Torres
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Vieth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed F. Shibl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Aromaticity and Tautomerism in Porphyrins and Porphyrinoids. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68343-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Uttamlal M, Sheila Holmes-Smith A. The excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence of porphyrins. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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47
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Kyrychenko A, Gawinkowski S, Urbańska N, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. Matrix isolation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations for 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene in argon and xenon. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2774983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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48
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Deperasińska I, Zehnacker A, Lahmani F, Borowicz P, Sepioł J. Fluorescence Studies of Terrylene in a Supersonic Jet: Indication of A Dark Electronic State Below the Allowed Transition. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4252-8. [PMID: 17447744 DOI: 10.1021/jp070337o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Jet-cooled terrylene has been studied in helium buffer gas using a pulsed nozzle by means of laser-induced fluorescence. Fluorescence excitation and two-color depletion experiments (resulting in hole burning spectra) are presented. Analysis of the spectra leads to the conclusion that another excited electronic state is present in the vicinity of the allowed 1B1u state. Assuming (according to previous literature suggestions Karabunarliev, S.; Baumgarten, M.; Müllen, K. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 7029) that this dark state is the 21Ag state, we discuss the vibrational structure of the fluorescence excitation spectrum in terms of two manifolds of vibronic states belonging to Sd(21Ag) and S1(1B1u) states. The anomalous shift between excitation and dispersed fluorescence spectra observed earlier for terrylene in a neon matrix is discussed as a consequence of terrylene electronic relaxation to the low-energy dark state.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
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49
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Kijak M, Nosenko Y, Singh A, Thummel RP, Waluk J. Mode-selective excited-state proton transfer in 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrrole isolated in a supersonic jet. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2738-9. [PMID: 17305339 DOI: 10.1021/ja068109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Gil M, Waluk J. Vibrational Gating of Double Hydrogen Tunneling in Porphycene. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1335-41. [PMID: 17263418 DOI: 10.1021/ja066976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A procedure that enables determining the reaction rate from the analysis of fluorescence anisotropy is described and applied to the investigation of double hydrogen transfer between inner-cavity nitrogen atoms in electronically excited porphycene. Tautomerization proceeds as a thermally activated synchronous double hydrogen tunneling. The barrier to the reaction is dynamically modulated by a vibration that simultaneously changes the strength of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Different mechanisms of tautomerization in porphycene and its parent isomer, porphyrin, can be understood by analyzing the potentials for hydrogen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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