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Chadli M, Maniti O, Marquette C, Tillier B, Cortès S, Girard-Egrot A. A new functional membrane protein microarray based on tethered phospholipid bilayers. Analyst 2018; 143:2165-2173. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new membrane protein microarray based on peptide-tethered bilayer lipid membranes formed by the fusion of cell-free expressed proteoliposomes inside micropatterned microwells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Chadli
- Univ Lyon
- Université Lyon 1
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
- 69622 Villeurbanne
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- Univ Lyon
- Université Lyon 1
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
- 69622 Villeurbanne
| | - Christophe Marquette
- Univ Lyon
- Université Lyon 1
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
- 69622 Villeurbanne
| | | | | | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Univ Lyon
- Université Lyon 1
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
- 69622 Villeurbanne
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2
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Yu X, Petritis B, LaBaer J. Advancing translational research with next-generation protein microarrays. Proteomics 2016; 16:1238-50. [PMID: 26749402 PMCID: PMC7167888 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarrays are a high-throughput technology used increasingly in translational research, seeking to apply basic science findings to enhance human health. In addition to assessing protein levels, posttranslational modifications, and signaling pathways in patient samples, protein microarrays have aided in the identification of potential protein biomarkers of disease and infection. In this perspective, the different types of full-length protein microarrays that are used in translational research are reviewed. Specific studies employing these microarrays are presented to highlight their potential in finding solutions to real clinical problems. Finally, the criteria that should be considered when developing next-generation protein microarrays are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing)BeijingP. R. China
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized DiagnosticsBiodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Brianne Petritis
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized DiagnosticsBiodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized DiagnosticsBiodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
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3
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Manuel I, Barreda-Gómez G, González de San Román E, Veloso A, Fernández JA, Giralt MT, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Neurotransmitter receptor localization: from autoradiography to imaging mass spectrometry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:362-73. [PMID: 25648777 DOI: 10.1021/cn500281t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoradiography is used to determine the anatomical distribution of biological molecules in human tissue and experimental animal models. This method is based on the analysis of the specific binding of radiolabeled compounds to locate neurotransmitter receptors or transporters in fresh frozen tissue slices. The anatomical resolution obtained by quantification of the radioligands has allowed the density of receptor proteins to be mapped over the last 40 years. The data yielded by autoradiography identify the receptors at their specific microscopic localization in the tissues and also in their native microenvironment, the intact cell membrane. Furthermore, in functional autoradiography, the effects of small molecules on the activity of G protein-coupled receptors are evaluated. More recently, autoradiography has been combined with membrane microarrays to improve the high-throughput screening of compounds. These technical advances have made autoradiography an essential analytical method for the progress of drug discovery. We include the future prospects and some preliminary results for imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) as a useful new method in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies, complementing autoradiographic studies. IMS results could also be presented as density maps of molecules, proteins, and metabolites in tissue sections that can be identified, localized, and quantified, with the advantage of avoiding any labeling of marker molecules. The limitations and future developments of these techniques are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- IMG Pharma Biotech S.L. Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio, Astondo Bidea, ed. Kabi 612, Módulo
5, 48160 Derio, Spain
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4
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Forsberg EM, Sicard C, Brennan JD. Solid-phase biological assays for drug discovery. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:337-359. [PMID: 25000820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past 30 years, there has been a significant growth in the use of solid-phase assays in the area of drug discovery, with a range of new assays being used for both soluble and membrane-bound targets. In this review, we provide some basic background to typical drug targets and immobilization protocols used in solid-phase biological assays (SPBAs) for drug discovery, with emphasis on particularly labile biomolecular targets such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors, and highlight some of the more recent approaches for producing protein microarrays, bioaffinity columns, and other devices that are central to small molecule screening by SPBA. We then discuss key applications of such assays to identify drug leads, with an emphasis on the screening of mixtures. We conclude by highlighting specific advantages and potential disadvantages of SPBAs, particularly as they relate to particular assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada;
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5
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Della Pia EA, Holm JV, Lloret N, Le Bon C, Popot JL, Zoonens M, Nygård J, Martinez KL. A step closer to membrane protein multiplexed nanoarrays using biotin-doped polypyrrole. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1844-53. [PMID: 24476392 PMCID: PMC4004317 DOI: 10.1021/nn406252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whether for fundamental biological research or for diagnostic and drug discovery applications, protein micro- and nanoarrays are attractive technologies because of their low sample consumption, high-throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. However, the arraying platforms developed so far are still not able to handle membrane proteins, and specific methods to selectively immobilize these hydrophobic and fragile molecules are needed to understand their function and structural complexity. Here we integrate two technologies, electropolymerization and amphipols, to demonstrate the electrically addressable functionalization of micro- and nanosurfaces with membrane proteins. Gold surfaces are selectively modified by electrogeneration of a polymeric film in the presence of biotin, where avidin conjugates can then be selectively immobilized. The method is successfully applied to the preparation of protein-multiplexed arrays by sequential electropolymerization and biomolecular functionalization steps. The surface density of the proteins bound to the electrodes can be easily tuned by adjusting the amount of biotin deposited during electropolymerization. Amphipols are specially designed amphipathic polymers that provide a straightforward method to stabilize and add functionalities to membrane proteins. Exploiting the strong affinity of biotin for streptavidin, we anchor distinct membrane proteins onto different electrodes via a biotin-tagged amphipol. Antibody-recognition events demonstrate that the proteins are stably immobilized and that the electrodeposition of polypyrrole films bearing biotin units is compatible with the protein-binding activity. Since polypyrrole films show good conductivity properties, the platform described here is particularly well suited to prepare electronically transduced bionanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antonio Della Pia
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe V. Holm
- Niels Bohr Institute, Center for Quantum Devices & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noemie Lloret
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jesper Nygård
- Niels Bohr Institute, Center for Quantum Devices & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Laurence Martinez
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Chen X, Shojaei-Zadeh S, Gilchrist ML, Maldarelli C. A lipobead microarray assembled by particle entrapment in a microfluidic obstacle course and used for the display of cell membrane receptors. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3041-3060. [PMID: 23748734 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Platforms which can display cell membrane ligands and receptors as a microarray library of probes for screening against a target are essential tools in drug discovery, biomarker identification, and pathogen detection. Membrane receptors and ligands require their native bilayer environment to retain their selectivity and binding affinity, and this complicates displaying them in a microarray platform. In this study, a design is developed in which the probes are first incorporated in supported lipid bilayers formed around micron-sized particles (lipobeads), and the microbeads themselves are then arrayed on a surface by hydrodynamic capture in a microfluidic obstacle course of traps. The traps are "V" shaped open enclosures, which are arranged in a wide channel of a microfluidic device, and capture the lipobeads (slightly smaller than the channel height) as they are streamed through the course. Screening assays are undertaken directly in the device after assembly, by streaming a fluorescently labeled target through the device and detecting the bead fluorescence. Conditions are first established for which the supported bilayers on the bead surface remain intact during the capture and assay steps, using fluorescent tags in the bilayer to infer bilayer integrity. Numerical calculations of the hydrodynamic drag coefficient on the entrapped beads are presented in conjunction with the stability experiments to develop criteria for the bilayer stability as a function of the screening assay perfusion rate. Simulations of the flow streamlines are also presented to quantify the trapping efficiency of the obstacle course. Screening assays are illustrated, assaying fluorescently labeled NeutrAvidin with biotin, and labeled cholera toxin with its ganglioside binding ligand, GM1. Sequential capturing of sets of lipobeads (one at a time, and with each set bearing a different probe), followed by indexing the bead positions after each set is entrapped, allows for the construction of an indexed array of multiple probes without the need for particle encoding and is illustrated using the NeutrAvidin-biotin pair. Finally, the lipobead platform is used for quantitatively measuring the kinetic rate constants for the binding of a probe (biotin) to a target (NeutrAvidin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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7
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May S, Andreasson-Ochsner M, Fu Z, Low YX, Tan D, de Hoog HPM, Ritz S, Nallani M, Sinner EK. In-vitro-funktionalisierte Polymersomen: eine Strategie für die Wirkstoffsuche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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May S, Andreasson-Ochsner M, Fu Z, Low YX, Tan D, de Hoog HPM, Ritz S, Nallani M, Sinner EK. In Vitro Expressed GPCR Inserted in Polymersome Membranes for Ligand-Binding Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:749-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Andreasson-Ochsner M, Fu Z, May S, Xiu LY, Nallani M, Sinner EK. Selective deposition and self-assembly of triblock copolymers into matrix arrays for membrane protein production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2044-2048. [PMID: 22201509 DOI: 10.1021/la2038087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To improve the stability of cell membrane mimics, there has been growing interest in the use of block copolymers. Here, we present an easy approach to create an array of planar polymeric matrices capable of hosting membrane proteins. The array of polymeric matrices was formed by the selective deposition of triblock copolymers onto an array of hydrophilic islands situated within a hydrophobic background. The thickness of these matrices corresponds to the length of a single polymer chain. These polymeric matrices were used to host cell-free expressed membrane proteins, and offers a prototype from which a membrane protein array can be created for diagnostics or drug discovery purposes.
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10
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Popot JL, Althoff T, Bagnard D, Banères JL, Bazzacco P, Billon-Denis E, Catoire LJ, Champeil P, Charvolin D, Cocco MJ, Crémel G, Dahmane T, de la Maza LM, Ebel C, Gabel F, Giusti F, Gohon Y, Goormaghtigh E, Guittet E, Kleinschmidt JH, Kühlbrandt W, Le Bon C, Martinez KL, Picard M, Pucci B, Sachs JN, Tribet C, van Heijenoort C, Wien F, Zito F, Zoonens M. Amphipols from A to Z. Annu Rev Biophys 2011; 40:379-408. [PMID: 21545287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep integral membrane proteins (MPs) water soluble. In this review, we discuss their structure and solution behavior; the way they associate with MPs; and the structure, dynamics, and solution properties of the resulting complexes. All MPs tested to date form water-soluble complexes with APols, and their biochemical stability is in general greatly improved compared with MPs in detergent solutions. The functionality and ligand-binding properties of APol-trapped MPs are reviewed, and the mechanisms by which APols stabilize MPs are discussed. Applications of APols include MP folding and cell-free synthesis, structural studies by NMR, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, APol-mediated immobilization of MPs onto solid supports, proteomics, delivery of MPs to preexisting membranes, and vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Paris, France.
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11
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Vaish A, Shuster MJ, Cheunkar S, Singh YS, Weiss PS, Andrews AM. Native serotonin membrane receptors recognize 5-hydroxytryptophan-functionalized substrates: enabling small-molecule recognition. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:495-504. [PMID: 22778841 PMCID: PMC3368647 DOI: 10.1021/cn1000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of small diffusible molecules by large biomolecules is ubiquitous in biology. To investigate these interactions, it is important to be able to immobilize small ligands on substrates; however, preserving recognition by biomolecule-binding partners under these circumstances is challenging. We have developed methods to modify substrates with serotonin, a small-molecule neurotransmitter important in brain function and psychiatric disorders. To mimic soluble serotonin, we attached its amino acid precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, via the ancillary carboxyl group to oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiols self-assembled on gold. Anti-5-hydroxytryptophan antibodies recognize these substrates, demonstrating bioavailability. Interestingly, 5-hydroxytryptophan-functionalized surfaces capture membrane-associated serotonin receptors enantiospecifically. By contrast, surfaces functionalized with serotonin itself fail to bind serotonin receptors. We infer that recognition by biomolecules evolved to distinguish small-molecule ligands in solution requires tethering of the latter via ectopic moieties. Membrane proteins, which are notoriously difficult to isolate, or other binding partners can be captured for identification, mapping, expression, and other purposes using this generalizable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Physics
- Department of Chemistry
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- California NanoSystems Institute
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry
- California NanoSystems Institute
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12
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Templating membrane assembly, structure, and dynamics using engineered interfaces. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:839-50. [PMID: 20079336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of biological membranes are intimately linked to their bounding aqueous interfaces. Supported phospholipid bilayers, obtained by surface-assisted rupture, fusion, and spreading of vesicular microphases, offer a unique opportunity, because engineering the substrate allows manipulation of one of the two bilayer interfaces as well. Here, we review a collection of recent efforts, which illustrates deliberate substrate-membrane coupling using structured surfaces exhibiting chemical and topographic patterns. Vesicle fusion on chemically patterned substrates results in co-existing lipid phases, which reflect the underlying pattern of surface energy and wettability. These co-existing bilayer/monolayer morphologies are useful both for fundamental biophysical studies (e.g., studies of membrane asymmetry) as well as for applied work, such as synthesizing large-scale arrays of bilayers or living cells. The use of patterned, static surfaces provides new models to design complex membrane topographies and curvatures. Dynamic switchable-topography surfaces and sacrificial trehalose based-substrates reveal abilities to dynamically introduce membrane curvature and change the nature of the membrane-substrate interface. Taken together, these studies illustrate the importance of controlling interfaces in devising model membrane platforms for fundamental biophysical studies and bioanalytical devices.
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13
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Hong Y, Liu L, Pai S, Graf JN, Rao H, Lynn JG, van Staden C, Lee PH, Lai F, Salon JA. Development of multiplexed microarray binding assays for high-throughput drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2009; 7:281-93. [PMID: 19604106 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to combine primary hit identification assays with target profiling would significantly streamline the current drug discovery process. Working towards this end, we report here the development of a microarray-based ligand binding assay that supports multiplexed analysis of G protein-coupled receptor systems in a 96-well microplate format that is compatible with the equipment and infrastructure typical of high-throughput screening laboratories. A prototype microarray was generated by pin-printing seven different receptors within the wells of a specially coated glass-bottom microplate and assaying with a cocktail of fluorescent ligands. Development of the multiplexed system included optimization of methods for depositing receptor membrane proteins and establishing a generic set of assay conditions that simultaneously satisfied the pharmacology requirements of all of the receptor systems included on the array. The multiplexed system is shown to produce valid pharmacological results as evidenced by its ability to report K(i) values for receptor-specific fluorescent ligands and rank ordered potencies for diagnostic displacing compounds comparable to values generated by conventional simplexed assays. Moreover, the results of a 40-compound mini-screen confirmed that the assay accurately identifies valid hits. The results suggest the assay may be immediately suitable for routine profiling tasks and demonstrate the potential of the format for high-throughput multiplexed drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Hong
- Science and Technology Division, Corning, Inc., Corning, NY 14831, USA
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14
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Li RQ, Marek A, Smirnov AI, Grebel H. Polarization-dependent fluorescence of proteins bound to nanopore-confined lipid bilayers. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:095102. [PMID: 19044890 DOI: 10.1063/1.2972143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid bilayers are essential structural component of biological membranes of all the living species: from viruses and bacteria to plants and humans. Biophysical and biochemical properties of such membranes are important for understanding physical mechanisms responsible for drug targeting. Binding events between proteins and the membrane may be ascertained by introducing fluorescence markers (chromophores) to the proteins. Here we describe a novel biosensing platform designed to enhance signals of these fluorescence markers. Nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes with and without gold (Au) surface coating have been employed for optical detection of bound conjugated streptavidin to biotinylated lipid bilayers-a model system that mimics protein docking to the membrane surface. Unexpectedly, it was found that fluorescence signals from such structures vary when pumped with E-polarized and H-polarized incident optical beams. The origin of the observed polarization-dependent effects and the implications for enhanced fluorescence detection in a biochip format are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-Q Li
- Electronic Imaging Center at NJIT and ECE Department, NJIT, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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15
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The use of amphipols as universal molecular adapters to immobilize membrane proteins onto solid supports. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 106:405-10. [PMID: 19116278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of their physiological functions, cell membranes represent critical targets in biological research. Membrane proteins, which make up approximately 1/3 of the proteome, interact with a wide range of small ligands and macromolecular partners as well as with foreign molecules such as synthetic drugs, antibodies, toxins, or surface recognition proteins of pathogenic organisms. Whether it is for the sake of basic biomedical or pharmacological research, it is of great interest to develop tools facilitating the study of these interactions. Surface-based in vitro assays are appealing because they require minimum quantities of reagents, and they are suitable for multiplexing and high-throughput screening. We introduce here a general method for immobilizing functional, unmodified integral membrane proteins onto solid supports, thanks to amphipathic polymers called "amphipols." The key point of this approach is that functionalized amphipols can be used as universal adapters to associate any membrane protein to virtually any kind of support while stabilizing its native state. The generality and versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by using 5 different target proteins, 2 types of supports (chips and beads), 2 types of ligands (antibodies and a snake toxin), and 2 detection methods (surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy).
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16
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Majd S, Mayer M. Generating Arrays with High Content and Minimal Consumption of Functional Membrane Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16060-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8055485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheereen Majd
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2110
| | - Michael Mayer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2110
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17
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Sekula S, Fuchs J, Weg-Remers S, Nagel P, Schuppler S, Fragala J, Theilacker N, Franzreb M, Wingren C, Ellmark P, Borrebaeck CAK, Mirkin CA, Fuchs H, Lenhert S. Multiplexed lipid dip-pen nanolithography on subcellular scales for the templating of functional proteins and cell culture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1785-93. [PMID: 18814174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular patterning processes taking place in biological systems are challenging to study in vivo because of their dynamic behavior, subcellular size, and high degree of complexity. In vitro patterning of biomolecules using nanolithography allows simplification of the processes and detailed study of the dynamic interactions. Parallel dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is uniquely capable of integrating functional biomolecules on subcellular length scales due to its constructive nature, high resolution, and high throughput. Phospholipids are particularly well suited as inks for DPN since a variety of different functional lipids can be readily patterned in parallel. Here DPN is used to spatially pattern multicomponent micro- and nanostructured supported lipid membranes and multilayers that are fluid and contain various amounts of biotin and/or nitrilotriacetic acid functional groups. The patterns are characterized by fluorescence microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. Selective adsorption of functionalized or recombinant proteins based on streptavidin or histidine-tag coupling enables the semisynthetic fabrication of model peripheral membrane bound proteins. The biomimetic membrane patterns formed in this way are then used as substrates for cell culture, as demonstrated by the selective adhesion and activation of T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sekula
- Institut für NanoTechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH ,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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18
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Lebert JM, Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. Solid-phase assays for small molecule screening using sol-gel entrapped proteins. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 86:100-10. [PMID: 18443623 DOI: 10.1139/o08-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With compound libraries exceeding one million compounds, the ability to quickly and effectively screen these compounds against relevant pharmaceutical targets has become crucial. Solid-phase assays present several advantages over solution-based methods. For example, a higher degree of miniaturization can be achieved, functional- and affinity-based studies are possible, and a variety of detection methods can be used. Unfortunately, most protein immobilization methods are either too harsh or require recombinant proteins and thus are not amenable to delicate proteins such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors. Sol-gel encapsulation of proteins in an inorganic silica matrix has emerged as a novel solid-phase assay platform. In this minireview, we discuss the development of sol-gel derived protein microarrays and sol-gel based monolithic bioaffinity columns for the high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries and mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Lebert
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S4M1, Canada
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19
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Sanii B, Parikh AN. Patterning Fluid and Elastomeric Surfaces Using Short-Wavelength UV Radiation and Photogenerated Reactive Oxygen Species. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2008; 59:411-32. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Sanii
- Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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Posner B, Hong Y, Benvenuti E, Potchoiba M, Nettleton D, Lui L, Ferrie A, Lai F, Fang Y, Miret J, Wielis C, Webb B. Multiplexing G protein-coupled receptors in microarrays: A radioligand-binding assay. Anal Biochem 2007; 365:266-73. [PMID: 17459319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexing of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in microarrays promises to increase the efficiency, reduce the costs, and improve the quality of high-throughput assays. However, this technology is still nascent and has not yet achieved the status of "high throughput" or laid claim to handling a large set of receptors. In addition, the technology has been demonstrated only when using fluorescent ligands to detect binding, limiting its application to a subset of GPCRs. To expand the impact of multiplexing on this receptor class, we have developed a radiometric approach to the microarray assay. In these studies, we considered two receptors in the alpha-adrenergic receptor family, alpha2A and alpha2C, and the 125I-labeled agonist clonidine. We demonstrate that microarrays of these receptors can be readily detected (signal/noise ratio approximately 160) using a Typhoon 9210 PhosphorImager. In addition, biochemical characterization shows that ligand-binding profiles and selectivity are preserved with the selective antagonists BRL44408 and ARC239. Importantly, these microarrays use approximately 200- to 400-fold less membrane preparation required by conventional assay methods and allow two or more receptors to be assayed in an area equivalent to a standard well of a microtiter plate. The impact of this approach on screening in drug discovery is discussed.
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21
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Grinstaff MW. Dendritic macromers for hydrogel formation: Tailored materials for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and biotech applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nishioka T, Fukui K, Matsumoto K. Chapter 234 Lanthanide Chelates as Luminescent Labels in Biomedical Analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(07)37034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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23
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Perez JB, Segura JM, Abankwa D, Piguet J, Martinez KL, Vogel H. Monitoring the diffusion of single heterotrimeric G proteins in supported cell-membrane sheets reveals their partitioning into microdomains. J Mol Biol 2006; 363:918-30. [PMID: 16996083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Supported cell-membrane sheets are promising in vitro systems to investigate the properties of membranes with native protein/lipid composition, in particular their sub-compartmentalization and the differential localization of proteins associated to them. While such studies are usually performed using static microscopy techniques, we demonstrate here the potential offered by dynamic diffusion measurements. Whereas the overall fluidity of the lipid bilayer was preserved, the preparation of the membrane sheets led to the selective immobilization of extracellular and transmembrane (TM) glycosylated proteins and the anchored proteins/lipids associated with them. Taking advantage of this, we investigated the association of the G protein Gq with TM proteins, in particular G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), by monitoring the changes in diffusion occurring after preparation of the supported membranes. Two fluorescently tagged Galphaq proteins were constructed, which remained either mostly monomeric in the plasma membrane or associated with Gbetagamma in heterotrimers. While both constructs diffused similarly in living cells, the preparation of the supported membranes led to the selective immobilization of the heterotrimers with minimal changes of the diffusion of the monomeric Galphaq. The diverse mobility of monomeric and heterotrimeric Galphaq was a result of their different lipid anchors as demonstrated by monitoring the diffusion of the corresponding anchors alone. We propose that the immobilization of the heterotrimer was caused by its partitioning inside membrane microdomains surrounding GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Perez
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Uttamchandani M, Wang J, Yao SQ. Protein and small molecule microarrays: powerful tools for high-throughput proteomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:58-68. [PMID: 16880923 DOI: 10.1039/b513935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and proteomics have opened up new possibilities for the rapid functional assignment and global characterization of proteins. Large-scale studies have accelerated this effort by using tools and strategies that enable highly parallel analysis of huge repertoires of biomolecules. Organized assortments of molecules on arrays have furnished a robust platform for rapid screening, lead discovery and molecular characterization. The essential advantage of microarray technology is attributed to the massive throughput attainable, coupled with a highly miniaturized platform--potentially driving discovery both as an analytical and diagnostic tool. The scope of microarrays has in recent years expanded impressively. Virtually every biological component--from diverse small molecules and macromolecules (such as DNA and proteins) to entire living cells--has been harnessed on microarrays in attempts to dissect the bewildering complexity of life. Herein we highlight strategies that address challenges in proteomics using microarrays of immobilized proteins and small molecules. Of specific interest are the techniques involved in stably immobilizing proteins and chemical libraries on slide surfaces as well as novel strategies developed to profile activities of proteins on arrays. As a rapidly maturing technology, microarrays pave the way forward in high-throughput proteomic exploration.
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