1
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Zhang HJ, Ociepa M, Nassir M, Zheng B, Lewicki SA, Salmaso V, Baburi H, Nagel J, Mirza S, Bueschbell B, Al-Hroub H, Perzanowska O, Lin Z, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Kowalska J, Jemielity J, Baran PS. Stereocontrolled access to thioisosteres of nucleoside di- and triphosphates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:249-258. [PMID: 37857844 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates impact nearly every aspect of biochemistry; however, the use of such compounds as tools or medicinal leads for nucleotide-dependent enzymes and receptors is hampered by their rapid in vivo metabolism. Although a successful strategy to address the instability of the monophosphate moiety in oligonucleotide therapeutics has been accomplished by their isosteric replacement with phosphorothioates, no practical methods exist to rapidly and controllably access stereopure di- and triphosphate thioisosteres of both natural and unnatural nucleosides. Here we show how a modular, reagent-based platform can enable the stereocontrolled and scalable synthesis of a library of such molecules. This operationally simple approach provides access to pure stereoisomers of nucleoside α-thiodiphosphates and α-thiotriphosphates, as well as symmetrical or unsymmetrical dinucleoside thiodiphosphates and thiotriphosphates (including RNA cap reagents). We demonstrate that ligand-receptor interactions can be dramatically influenced by P-stereochemistry, showing that such thioisosteric replacements can have profound effects on the potency and stability of lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michał Ociepa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helay Baburi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Nagel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Perzanowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Gołębiewska J, Rachwalak M, Jakubowski T, Romanowska J, Stawinski J. Reaction of Boranephosphonate Diesters with Amines in the Presence of Iodine: The Case for the Intermediacy of H-Phosphonate Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5496-5505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gołębiewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Rachwalak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jakubowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Romanowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Stawinski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Dutta AK, Captain I, Jessen HJ. New Synthetic Methods for Phosphate Labeling. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:51. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Strenkowska M, Grzela R, Majewski M, Wnek K, Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Zuberek J, Darzynkiewicz E, Kuhn AN, Sahin U, Jemielity J. Cap analogs modified with 1,2-dithiodiphosphate moiety protect mRNA from decapping and enhance its translational potential. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9578-9590. [PMID: 27903882 PMCID: PMC5175369 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with a growing interest in mRNA-based gene therapies, efforts are increasingly focused on reaching the full translational potential of mRNA, as a major obstacle for in vivo applications is sufficient expression of exogenously delivered mRNA. One method to overcome this limitation is chemically modifying the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5′ end of mRNA (m7Gppp-RNA). We report a novel class of cap analogs designed as reagents for mRNA modification. The analogs carry a 1,2-dithiodiphosphate moiety at various positions along a tri- or tetraphosphate bridge, and thus are termed 2S analogs. These 2S analogs have high affinities for translation initiation factor 4E, and some exhibit remarkable resistance against the SpDcp1/2 decapping complex when introduced into RNA. mRNAs capped with 2S analogs combining these two features exhibit high translation efficiency in cultured human immature dendritic cells. These properties demonstrate that 2S analogs are potentially beneficial for mRNA-based therapies such as anti-cancer immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Strenkowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Renata Grzela
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Majewski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wnek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Joanna Zuberek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Warsaw 02-089, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas N Kuhn
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology (TRON), Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology (TRON), Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Xu Z, Ramsay Shaw B. Synthesis, Hydrolysis, and Protonation-Promoted Intramolecular Reductive Breakdown of Potential NRTIs: Stavudine α-P-Borano-γ-P-N-L-tryptophanyltriphosphates. Molecules 2015; 20:18808-26. [PMID: 26501247 PMCID: PMC6332514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus-modified prodrugs of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) have shown promise as pronucleotide strategies for improving antiviral activity compared to their parent dideoxynucleosides. Borane modified NTPs offer a promising choice as nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). However, the availability of α-P-borano-γ-P-substituted NTP analogs remains limited due to challenges with synthesis and purification. Here, we report the chemical synthesis and stability of a new potential class of NRTI prodrugs: stavudine (d4T) 5′-α-P-borano-γ-P-N-l-tryptophanyltriphosphates. One-pot synthesis of these compounds was achieved via a modified cyclic trimetaphosphate approach. Pure Rp and Sp diastereomers were obtained after HPLC separation. Based on LC-MS analysis, we report degradation pathways, half-lives (5–36 days) and mechanisms arising from structural differences to generate the corresponding borano tri- and di-phosphates, and H-phosphonate, via several parallel routes in buffer at physiologically relevant pH and temperature. Here, the major hydrolysis products, d4T α-P-boranotriphosphate Rp and Sp isomers, were isolated by HPLC and identified with spectral data. We first propose that one of the major degradation products, d4T H-phosphonate, is generated from the d4T pronucleotides via a protonation-promoted intramolecular reduction followed by a second step nucleophilic attack. This report could provide valuable information for pronucleotide-based drug design in terms of selective release of target nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Shaw Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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6
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Ziemniak M, Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Zuberek J, Wnek K, Darzynkiewicz E, Jemielity J. Phosphate-modified analogues of m(7)GTP and m(7)Gppppm(7)G-Synthesis and biochemical properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5369-81. [PMID: 26264844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biochemical properties of 17 new mRNA cap analogues are reported. Six of these nucleotides are m(7)GTP derivatives, whereas 11 are 'two headed' tetraphosphate dinucleotides based on a m(7)Gppppm(7)G structure. The compounds contain either a boranophosphate or phosphorothioate moiety in the nucleoside neighbouring position(s) and some of them possess an additional methylene group between β and γ phosphorus atoms. The compounds were prepared by divalent metal chloride-mediated coupling of an appropriate m(7)GMP analogue with a given P(1),P(2)-di(1-imidazolyl) derivative. The analogues were evaluated as tools for studying cap-dependent processes in a number of biochemical assays, including determination of affinity to eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, and translational efficiency in vitro. The results indicate that modification in the phosphate chain can increase binding to cap-interacting proteins and provides higher resistance to degradation. Furthermore, modified derivatives of m(7)GTP were found to be potent inhibitors of cap-dependent translation in cell free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ziemniak
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zuberek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wnek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Xu Z. A review on the chemical synthesis of pyrophosphate bonds in bioactive nucleoside diphosphate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3777-83. [PMID: 26189080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is an ongoing interest in the synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate analogs as important regulators in catabolism/anabolism, and their potential applications as mechanistic probes and chemical tools for bioassays. However, the pyrophosphate bond formation step remains as the bottleneck. In this Digest, the chemical synthesis of the pyrophosphate bonds of representative bioactive nucleoside diphosphate analogs, i.e. phosphorus-modified analogs, nucleoside cyclic diphosphates, and nucleoside diphosphate conjugates, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States.
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8
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Xu Z, Shaw BR. Phosphorus deprotonation by a non-nucleophilic base is critical for the synthesis of nucleoside α-P-boranodiphosphates via a phosphoramidite approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Kowalska J, Wypijewska del Nogal A, Darzynkiewicz ZM, Buck J, Nicola C, Kuhn AN, Lukaszewicz M, Zuberek J, Strenkowska M, Ziemniak M, Maciejczyk M, Bojarska E, Rhoads RE, Darzynkiewicz E, Sahin U, Jemielity J. Synthesis, properties, and biological activity of boranophosphate analogs of the mRNA cap: versatile tools for manipulation of therapeutically relevant cap-dependent processes. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10245-64. [PMID: 25150148 PMCID: PMC4176373 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified mRNA cap analogs aid in the study of mRNA-related processes and may enable creation of novel therapeutic interventions. We report the synthesis and properties of 11 dinucleotide cap analogs bearing a single boranophosphate modification at either the α-, β- or γ-position of the 5',5'-triphosphate chain. The compounds can potentially serve either as inhibitors of translation in cancer cells or reagents for increasing expression of therapeutic proteins in vivo from exogenous mRNAs. The BH3-analogs were tested as substrates and binding partners for two major cytoplasmic cap-binding proteins, DcpS, a decapping pyrophosphatase, and eIF4E, a translation initiation factor. The susceptibility to DcpS was different between BH3-analogs and the corresponding analogs containing S instead of BH3 (S-analogs). Depending on its placement, the boranophosphate group weakened the interaction with DcpS but stabilized the interaction with eIF4E. The first of the properties makes the BH3-analogs more stable and the second, more potent as inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. Protein expression in dendritic cells was 2.2- and 1.7-fold higher for mRNAs capped with m2 (7,2'-O)GppBH3pG D1 and m2 (7,2'-O)GppBH3pG D2, respectively, than for in vitro transcribed mRNA capped with m2 (7,3'-O)GpppG. Higher expression of cancer antigens would make mRNAs containing m2 (7,2'-O)GppBH3pG D1 and m2 (7,2'-O)GppBH3pG D2 favorable for anticancer immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wypijewska del Nogal
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew M Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janina Buck
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas N Kuhn
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zuberek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Strenkowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziemniak
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Robert E Rhoads
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Tran VT, Woerpel KA. Nucleophilic addition to silyl-protected five-membered ring oxocarbenium ions governed by stereoelectronic effects. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6609-21. [PMID: 23738497 DOI: 10.1021/jo400945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of fused-bicyclic acetals containing a disiloxane ring was investigated to evaluate the source of selectivity in silyl-protected 2-deoxyribose systems. The disiloxane ring unexpectedly enables the diaxial conformer of the cation to be stabilized by an electronegative atom at C-3. This low energy conformer subsequently undergoes stereoelectronically controlled nucleophilic addition to give substituted tetrahydrofurans with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Tuong Tran
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
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11
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Azran S, Förster D, Danino O, Nadel Y, Reiser G, Fischer B. Highly efficient biocompatible neuroprotectants with dual activity as antioxidants and P2Y receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4938-52. [PMID: 23751098 DOI: 10.1021/jm400197m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a need for novel, biocompatible, and effective neuroprotectants for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury associated with oxidative damage. Here, we developed nucleotide-based neuroprotectants acting dually as antioxidants and P2Y-R agonists. To improve the potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability of ATP/ADP, we substituted adenine C2-position by Cl and Pα/Pβ position by borano group, 6-9. Nucleotides 6-9 inhibited oxidation in cell-free systems (Fe(II)-H2O2), as detected by ESR (IC50 up to 175 μM), and ABTS assay (IC50 up to 40 μM). They also inhibited FeSO4-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells (IC50 of 80-200 nM). 2-Cl-ADP(α-BH3), 7a, was found to be the most potent P2Y1-R agonist currently known (EC50 7 nM) and protected primary cortical neurons from FeSO4 insult (EC50 170 nM). In addition, it proved to be metabolically stable in human blood serum (t(1/2) 7 vs 1.5 h for ADP). Hence, we propose 7a as a highly promising neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagit Azran
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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12
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Yelovitch S, Barr HM, Camden J, Weisman GA, Shai E, Varon D, Fischer B. Identification of a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on a P2Y(1) receptor agonist. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7623-35. [PMID: 22873688 PMCID: PMC4354947 DOI: 10.1021/jm3006355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The activation by extracellular nucleotides of pancreatic P2Y receptors, particularly, the P2Y(1)R subtype, increases insulin secretion. Therefore, we developed analogues of the P2Y(1)R receptor agonist 2-MeS-ADP, as potential antidiabetic drugs. Analogue 3A was found to be a potent P2Y(1)R agonist (EC(50) = 0.038 μM vs 0.0025 μM for 2-MeS-ADP) showing no activity at P2Y(2/4/6)Rs. Analogue 3A was stable at pH 1.4 (t(1/2) = 7.3 h) and resistant to hydrolysis vs 2-MeS-ADP by alkaline phosphatase (t(1/2) = 6 vs 4.5 h), human e-NPP1 (4% vs 16% hydrolysis after 20 min), and human blood serum (30% vs 50% hydrolysis after 24 h). Intravenous administration of 3A in naive rats decreased blood glucose from 155 mg/dL to normal values, ca. 87 mg/dL, unlike glibenclamide, leading to subnormal values (i.e., 63 mg/dL). Similar observations were made for streptozotocin (STZ)-treated and db(+)/db(-) mouse models. Furthermore, 3A inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and elongates bleeding time in mice (iv administration of 30 mg of 3A/kg), increasing bleeding time to 16 vs 9 min for Prasugrel. Oral administration of 30 mg/kg 3A to rats increased tail bleeding volume, similar to aspirin. These findings suggest that 3A may be an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes by reducing both blood glucose levels and platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Yelovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Haim M. Barr
- BioLlneRx Ltd., 23 Hillel Street, Jerusalem 91450, Israel
| | - Jean Camden
- Biochemistry Department, 540E Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Nlissouri, Colwnbia, Nlissouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Biochemistry Department, 540E Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Nlissouri, Colwnbia, Nlissouri 65211, United States
| | - Ela Shai
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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13
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Strenkowska M, Wanat P, Ziemniak M, Jemielity J, Kowalska J. Preparation of synthetically challenging nucleotides using cyanoethyl P-imidazolides and microwaves. Org Lett 2012; 14:4782-5. [PMID: 22966945 DOI: 10.1021/ol302071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a general method for the elongation of nucleoside oligophosphate chains by means of cyanoethyl (CE) phosphorimidazolides. Though the method requires a phosphorylation and subsequent deprotection reaction, both steps could be achieved in one pot without isolation/purification of the initial phosphorylation product. We have also found that pyrophosphate bond formation by this method is significantly accelerated by microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Strenkowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Ginsburg-Shmuel T, Haas M, Grbic D, Arguin G, Nadel Y, Gendron FP, Reiser G, Fischer B. UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5483-95. [PMID: 22901672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
P2Y(6) nucleotide receptor (P2Y(6)-R) plays important physiological roles, such as insulin secretion and reduction of intraocular pressure. However, this receptor is still lacking potent and selective agonists to be used as potential drugs. Here, we synthesized uracil nucleotides and dinucleotides, substituted at the C5 and/or P(α) position with methoxy and/or borano groups, 18-22. Compound 18A, R(p) isomer of 5-OMe-UDP(α-B), is the most potent and P2Y(6)-R selective agonist currently known (EC(50) 0.008 μM) being 19-fold more potent than UDP and showing no activity at uridine nucleotide receptors, P2Y(2)- and P2Y(4)-R. Analogue 18A was highly chemically stable under conditions mimicking gastric juice acidity (t(1/2) = 16.9 h). It was more stable to hydrolysis by nucleotide pyrophosphatases (NPP1,3) than UDP (15% and 28% hydrolysis by NPP1 and NPP3, respectively, vs 50% and 51% hydrolysis of UDP) and metabolically stable in blood serum (t(1/2) = 17 vs 2.4, 11.9, and 21 h for UDP, 5-OMe-UDP, and UDP(α-B), respectively). This newly discovered highly potent and physiologically stable P2Y(6)-R agonist may be of future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ginsburg-Shmuel
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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15
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Yelovitch S, Camden J, Weisman GA, Fischer B. Boranophosphate isoster controls P2Y-receptor subtype selectivity and metabolic stability of dinucleoside polyphosphate analogues. J Med Chem 2011; 55:437-48. [PMID: 22107038 DOI: 10.1021/jm2013198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dinucleoside polyphosphates, Np(n)N', exert their physiological effects via P2 receptors (P2Rs). Np(n)N' are attractive drug candidates as they offer better stability and specificity compared to nucleotides, the most common P2R ligands. To further improve the agonist properties of Np(n)N', we synthesized novel isosters of dinucleoside polyphosphates where N and N' are A or U and where the Pα or Pβ phosphate groups are replaced by boranophosphate, denoted as Np(n)(α-B)N' or Np(n)(β-B)N' (n = 3, 4), respectively. The potency of Np(n)(α/β-B)N' analogues was evaluated at tP2Y(1), hP2Y(2), hP2Y(4), and rP2Y(6) receptors. The most potent P2Y(1)R and P2Y(6)R agonists were the Up(4)(β-B)A (A isomer, EC(50) of 0.5 μM vs 0.004 μM for 2-SMe-ADP) and Up(3)(α-B)U (B isomer, EC(50) of 0.3 μM vs 0.2 μM for UDP), respectively. The receptor subtype selectivity is controlled by the position of the borano moiety on the Np(n)N' polyphosphate chain and the type of the nucleobase. In addition, Np(n)(α/β-B)N' proved ∼22-fold more resistant to hydrolysis by e-NPP1, as compared to the corresponding Np(n)N' analogues. In summary, Up(4)(β-B)A and Up(3)(α-B)U are potent, stable, and highly selective P2Y(1) and P2Y(6) receptor agonists, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Yelovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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16
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Convenient synthesis of nucleoside 5′-(α-P-thio)triphosphates and phosphorothioate nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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17
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Surya Prakash GK, Zibinsky M, Upton TG, Kashemirov BA, McKenna CE, Oertell K, Goodman MF, Batra VK, Pedersen LC, Beard WA, Shock DD, Wilson SH, Olah GA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorinated deoxynucleotide analogs based on bis-(difluoromethylene)triphosphoric acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15693-8. [PMID: 20724659 PMCID: PMC2936638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1007430107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of nucleoside triphosphates in cellular chemistry: They are the building blocks for DNA and RNA and important sources of energy. Modifications of biologically important organic molecules with fluorine are of great interest to chemists and biologists because the size and electronegativity of the fluorine atom can be used to make defined structural alterations to biologically important molecules. Although the concept of nonhydrolyzable nucleotides has been around for some time, the progress in the area of modified triphosphates was limited by the lack of synthetic methods allowing to access bisCF(2)-substituted nucleotide analogs-one of the most interesting classes of nonhydrolyzable nucleotides. These compounds have "correct" polarity and the smallest possible steric perturbation compared to natural nucleotides. No other known nucleotides have these advantages, making bisCF(2)-substituted analogs unique. Herein, we report a concise route for the preparation of hitherto unknown highly acidic and polybasic bis(difluoromethylene)triphosphoric acid 1 using a phosphorous(III)/phosphorous(V) interconversion approach. The analog 1 compared to triphosphoric acid is enzymatically nonhydrolyzable due to substitution of two bridging oxygen atoms with CF(2) groups, maintaining minimal perturbations in steric bulkiness and overall polarity of the triphosphate polyanion. The fluorinated triphosphoric acid 1 was used for the preparation of the corresponding fluorinated deoxynucleotides (dNTPs). One of these dNTP analogs (dT) was demonstrated to fit into DNA polymerase beta (DNA pol beta) binding pocket by obtaining a 2.5 A resolution crystal structure of a ternary complex with the enzyme. Unexpected dominating effect of triphosphate/Mg(2+) interaction over Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding was found and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Thomas G. Upton
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Boris A. Kashemirov
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Charles E. McKenna
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Keriann Oertell
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Myron F. Goodman
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
| | - Vinod K. Batra
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - William A. Beard
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - David D. Shock
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Samuel H. Wilson
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - George A. Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661; and
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18
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Strenkowska M, Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Zuberek J, Su W, Rhoads RE, Darzynkiewicz E, Jemielity J. Towards mRNA with superior translational activity: synthesis and properties of ARCA tetraphosphates with single phosphorothioate modifications. NEW J CHEM 2010; 34:993-1007. [PMID: 20711517 PMCID: PMC2918917 DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the chemical synthesis and preliminary biophysical and biochemical characterization of a series of mRNA 5' end (cap) analogs designed as reagents for obtaining mRNA molecules with augmented translation efficiency and stability in vivo and as useful tools to study mRNA metabolism. The analogs share three structural features: (i) 5',5'- bridge elongated to tetraphosphate to increase their affinity to translation initiation factor eIF4E (ii) a single phosphorothioate modification at either the α, β, γ or δ-position of the tetraphosphate to decrease their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and/or to modulate their interaction with specific proteins and (iii) a 2'-O-methyl group in the ribose of 7-methylguanosine, characteristic to Anti-Reverse Cap Analogs (ARCAs), which are incorporated into mRNA during in vitro transcription exclusively in the correct orientation. The dinucleotides bearing modified tetraphosphate bridge were synthesized by ZnCl(2) mediated coupling between two mononucleotide subunits with isolated yields of 30-65%. The preliminary biochemical results show that mRNAs capped with new analogs are 2.5-4.5 more efficiently translated in a cell free system than m(7)GpppG-capped mRNAs, which makes them promising candidates for RNA-based therapeutic applications such as gene therapy and anti-cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Strenkowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
| | - Joanna Zuberek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Robert E. Rhoads
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Fax: 48 22 5540771; Tel: 48 22 5540774
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19
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Han Q, Sarafianos SG, Arnold E, Parniak MA, Gaffney BL, Jones RA. Synthesis of Boranoate, Selenoate, and Thioate Analogs of AZTp(4)A and Ap(4)A. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:7915-7920. [PMID: 20625456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report efficient, one-flask procedures for the synthesis of a family of fourteen analogs of AZTp(4)A and Ap(4)A containing BH(3), S, or Se, along with two bisphosphonate analogs of Ap(4)A. These compounds should slow unwanted enzymatic hydrolysis and have the potential to create unique binding interactions in biochemical and structural studies of the excision reaction responsible for resistance of HIV-1 to AZT, as well as assist in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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20
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Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Zuberek J, Ziemniak M, Darzynkiewicz E, Jemielity J. Phosphorothioate analogs of m7GTP are enzymatically stable inhibitors of cap-dependent translation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1921-5. [PMID: 19269171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report synthesis and properties of a pair of new potent inhibitors of translation, namely two diastereomers of 7-methylguanosine 5'-(1-thiotriphosphate). These new analogs of mRNA 5'cap (referred to as m(7)GTPalphaS (D1) and (D2)) are recognized by translational factor eIF4E with high affinity and are not susceptible to hydrolysis by Decapping Scavenger pyrophosphatase (DcpS). The more potent of diastereomers, m(7)GTPalphaS (D1), inhibited cap-dependent translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate approximately 8-fold and approximately 15-fold more efficiently than m(7)GTP and m(7)GpppG, respectively. Both analogs were also significantly more stable in RRL than unmodified ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Moreno PMD, Wenska M, Lundin KE, Wrange O, Strömberg R, Smith CIE. A synthetic snRNA m3G-CAP enhances nuclear delivery of exogenous proteins and nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:1925-35. [PMID: 19208638 PMCID: PMC2665231 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessing the nucleus through the surrounding membrane poses one of the major obstacles for therapeutic molecules large enough to be excluded due to nuclear pore size limits. In some therapeutic applications the large size of some nucleic acids, like plasmid DNA, hampers their access to the nuclear compartment. However, also for small oligonucleotides, achieving higher nuclear concentrations could be of great benefit. We report on the synthesis and possible applications of a natural RNA 5′-end nuclear localization signal composed of a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap (m3G-CAP). The cap is found in the small nuclear RNAs that are constitutive part of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in nuclear splicing. We demonstrate the use of the m3G signal as an adaptor that can be attached to different oligonucleotides, thereby conferring nuclear targeting capabilities with capacity to transport large-size cargo molecules. The synthetic capping of oligos interfering with splicing may have immediate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M D Moreno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
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22
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Kowalska J, Lewdorowicz M, Zuberek J, Grudzien-Nogalska E, Bojarska E, Stepinski J, Rhoads RE, Darzynkiewicz E, Davis RE, Jemielity J. Synthesis and characterization of mRNA cap analogs containing phosphorothioate substitutions that bind tightly to eIF4E and are resistant to the decapping pyrophosphatase DcpS. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:1119-31. [PMID: 18430890 PMCID: PMC2390807 DOI: 10.1261/rna.990208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Analogs of the mRNA cap are widely employed to study processes involved in mRNA metabolism as well as being useful in biotechnology and medicinal applications. Here we describe synthesis of six dinucleotide cap analogs bearing a single phosphorothioate modification at either the alpha, beta, or gamma position of the 5',5'-triphosphate chain. Three of them were also modified with methyl groups at the 2'-O position of 7-methylguanosine to produce anti-reverse cap analogs (ARCAs). Due to the presence of stereogenic P centers in the phosphorothioate moieties, each analog was obtained as a mixture of two diastereomers, D1 and D2. The mixtures were resolved by RP HPLC, providing 12 different compounds. Fluorescence quenching experiments were employed to determine the association constant (K(AS)) for complexes of the new analogs with eIF4E. We found that phosphorothioate modifications generally stabilized the complex between eIF4E and the cap analog. The most strongly bound phosphorothioate analog (the D1 isomer of the beta-substituted analog m(7)Gpp(S)pG) was characterized by a K(AS) that was more than fourfold higher than that of its unmodified counterpart (m(7)GpppG). All analogs modified in the gamma position were resistant to hydrolysis by the scavenger decapping pyrophosphatase DcpS from both human and Caenorhabditis elegans sources. The absolute configurations of the diastereomers D1 and D2 of analogs modified at the alpha position (i.e., m(7)Gppp(S)G and m(2) (7,2'-O )Gppp(S)G) were established as S(P) and R(P) , respectively, using enzymatic digestion and correlation with the S(P) and R(P) diastereomers of guanosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) (GDPalphaS). The analogs resistant to DcpS act as potent inhibitors of in vitro protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Stereospecificity, substrate, and inhibitory properties of nucleoside diphosphate analogs for creatine and pyruvate kinases. Bioorg Chem 2008; 36:169-77. [PMID: 18433830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral alpha-P-borano substituted NTPs are promising chain terminators targeting HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). Activation of antiviral nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) to NTPs may be carried out by pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK). Herein, are presented the effects of nucleobase, ribose, and alpha-phosphate substitutions on substrate specificities of CK and PK. Both enzymes showed two binding modes and negative cooperativity with respect to substrate binding. The stereospecificity and inhibition of ADP phosphorylation by alpha-P-borano substituted NDP (NDPalphaB) stereoisomers were also investigated. The Sp-ADPalphaB isomer was a 70-fold better substrate for CK than the Rp isomer, whereas PK preferred the Rp isomer of NDPalphaBs. For CK, the Sp-ADPalphaB isomer was a competitive inhibitor; for PK, the Rp-ADPalphaB isomer was a poor competitive inhibitor and the Sp-ADPalphaB isomer was a poor non-competitive inhibitor. Taken together, these data suggest that, although the Rp-NDPalphaB isomer would be minimally phosphorylated by CK or PK, it should not inhibit either enzyme.
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24
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Li P, Sergueeva ZA, Dobrikov M, Shaw BR. Nucleoside and Oligonucleoside Boranophosphates: Chemistry and Properties. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4746-96. [DOI: 10.1021/cr050009p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Zinaida A. Sergueeva
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Mikhail Dobrikov
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Barbara Ramsay Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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25
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] We report a one-flask route for the synthesis of dinucleoside tetra- and pentaphosphates, in isolated yields of 50-85%. This route relies on a mixture of P(III) and P(V) chemistries, using phosphitylation of a protected nucleoside with 2-chloro-4H-l,3,2-benzo-dioxaphosphorin-4-one (salicylchlorophosphite), followed by sequential reaction with inorganic pyrophosphate and a nucleoside 5' mono- or diphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, 08854, USA
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26
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Tjarks W, Tiwari R, Byun Y, Narayanasamy S, Barth RF. Carboranyl thymidine analogues for neutron capture therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4978-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b707257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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