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Zhao L, Wu Z, Qin H, Bin G, Gao J, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Chen H. Ambipolar conjugated ladder polymers by room-temperature Knoevenagel polymerization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11594-11603. [PMID: 39055013 PMCID: PMC11268504 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Two soluble conjugated ladder polymers (cLPs), decorated with multiple electron-poor species (i.e., cyano groups, fused pentagons, and N-heterocyclic rings), have been synthesized from the newly developed tetraketo-functionalized double aza[5]helicene building blocks using a single-step Knoevenagel polycondensation strategy. This facile approach features mild conditions (e.g., room temperature) and high efficiency, allowing us to quickly access a nonalternant ladder-like conjugated system with the in situ formation of multicyano substituents in the backbone. Analysis by 1H NMR, FT-Raman, and FT-IR spectra confirms the successful synthesis of the resulting cLPs. The combination of theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveals that the slightly contorted geometry coupled with a random assignment of trans- and cis-isomeric repeating units in each main chain contributes to improving the solubility of such rigid, multicyano nanoribbon systems. Apart from outstanding thermal stability, the resulting cLPs exhibit attractive red fluorescence, excellent redox properties, and strong π-π interactions coupled with orderly face-on packing in their thin-film states. They are proven to be the first example of ambipolar cLPs that show satisfactory hole and electron mobilities of up to 0.01 and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. As we demonstrate, the Knoevenagel polycondensation chemistries open a new window to create complex and unique ladder-like nanoribbon systems under mild reaction conditions that are otherwise challenging to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Guangxiong Bin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Junxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
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2
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Charland-Martin A, Collier GS. Understanding Degradation Dynamics of Azomethine-containing Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:6146-6155. [PMID: 39005947 PMCID: PMC11238594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of chemical environments on the degradation properties of conjugated polymers is an important task for the continued development of sustainable materials with potential utility in biomedical and optoelectronic applications. Azomethine-containing polymers were synthesized via palladium-catalyzed direct arylation polymerization (DArP) and used to study fundamental degradation trends upon exposure to acid. Shifts in the UV-vis absorbance spectra and the appearance/disappearance of aldehyde and imine diagnostic peaks within the 1H NMR spectra indicate that the polymers will degrade in the presence of acid. After degradation, the aldehyde starting material was recovered in high yields and was shown to maintain structural integrity when compared with commercial starting materials. Solution-degradation studies found that rates of degradation vary from 5 h to 90 s depending on the choice of solvent or acid used for hydrolysis. Additionally, the polymer was shown to degrade in the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which makes them potentially useful as PFAS-sensitive sensors. Ultimately, this research provides strategies to control the degradation kinetics of azomethine-containing polymers through the manipulation of environmental factors and guides the continued development of azomethine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Charland-Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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Mahmood A, Akram T, Chen S, Azam S. From Molecules to Devices: Insights into Electronic and Optical Properties of Pyridine-Derived Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1049-1062. [PMID: 38323545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we delve into the electronic structure, spectroscopic, and optical properties of five benzo derivatives of pyridine, namely, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (1), 2-fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine (2), 4-(2-fluoropyridin-5-yl)phenol (3), 5-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (4), and 5-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (5). Utilizing quantum chemical density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof levels of theory combined with the 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets, we investigated the electronic and optical characteristics of these compounds. Band structure calculations were conducted for their crystalline structures, revealing a direct band gap varying from 3.018 to 3.558 eV, with the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum located at the G point in the Brillouin zone. The optical properties were analyzed, including the dielectric functions, reflectivity, and refractive index. Notably, reflectivity was found to be minimal in the photon energy range of 0.0-3.0 eV, and the static refractive index, n(0), ranged from 1.55 to 1.70. The research also involved assessing the reactivity of the compounds through calculation of the frontier orbital energy gaps (ΔE), indicating a significant charge transfer and high reactivity. Additionally, we performed frequency analysis to unveil the Fourier-transform infrared spectra of compounds 1-5 at room temperature. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of the optimized structures were employed to map the electrophilic and nucleophilic regions of the compounds. This investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and optical properties of these pyridine derivatives, shedding light on their potential applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Mahmood
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shenggui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Sikander Azam
- New Technologies─Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Li J, Yu H, Lv Y, Cai Z, Shen Y, Ruhlmann L, Gan L, Liu M. Electrode materials for electrochromic supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:152001. [PMID: 38150723 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad18e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Smart energy storage systems, such as electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) integrated technology, have drawn a lot of attention recently, and numerous developments have been made owing to their reliable performance. Developing novel electrode materials for ECSCs that embed two different technologies in a material is an exciting and emerging field of research. To date, the research into ECSC electrode materials has been ongoing with excellent efforts, which need to be systematically reviewed so that they can be used to develop more efficient ECSCs. This mini-review provides a general composition, main evaluation parameters and future perspectives for electrode materials of ECSCs as well as a brief overview of the published reports on ECSCs and performance statistics on the existing literature in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Plastics Industry Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokang Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Shen
- Shaoxing Jinye Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, No. 173, Zhenghai Road, Binhai Industrial Zone, Keqiao District, Shaoxing, 312073, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie (UMR au CNRS n°7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lihua Gan
- Hangzhou Plastics Industry Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Castillo GE, Thompson BC. Room Temperature Synthesis of a Well-Defined Conjugated Polymer Using Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP). ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1339-1344. [PMID: 37722008 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
While a major improvement to the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis, traditional direct arylation polymerization (DArP) still requires high temperatures (typically >100 °C), necessitating a significant energy input requirement. Performing DArP at reduced or ambient temperatures would represent an improvement to the sustainability of the reaction. Here we describe the first report of a well-defined conjugated polymer synthesized by DArP at room temperature. Previous efforts toward room temperature DArP relied on the use of a near-stoichiometric silver reagent, an expensive coinage metal, which makes the reaction less cost-effective and sustainable. Here, room temperature polymerizations of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-diiodofluorene were optimized and provided molar mass (Mn) up to 11 kg/mol PEDOTF, and performing the reaction at the standard ambient temperature of 25 °C provided Mn up to 15 kg/mol. Model studies using other C-H monomers of varying electron density copolymerized with 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-diiodofluorene provided insight into the scope of the room temperature polymerization, suggesting that performing room temperature DArP is highly dependent on the electron richness of the C-H monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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Itoh T, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Sanda F, Miyata M. Coiled-coil chains with Cis-conformations of Poly(7,7,8,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethane) in solution on the basis of 1D monomer assemblies. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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7
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A Poly(carbazole-alt-triazole) with Thiabendazole Side Groups as an "On-Off-On" Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Cu(II) Ion and Cysteine. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03164-9. [PMID: 36790630 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel conjugated polymer PCZBTA-TBZ containing thiabendazole as recognition unit was synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction, and its structural characterization, spectroscopic analysis and photophysical properties were investigated. In the metal ion response study, the addition of Cu2+ led to the occurrence of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, which significantly quenched the fluorescence of the polymer PCZBTA-TBZ with a quenching effect of 98%. Furthermore, I- can significantly quench the fluorescence of the polymer, but other anions have no such effect. According to the density functional theory calculation, compared with other polycarbazoles or other alternative copolymers containing carbazole, with alternating carbazole and triazole enhances the electron mobility and reduces the energy band gap of the polymer. Due to the strong coordination ability between Cu2+ and Cys, the adding Cys competes the Cu2+ in the [PCZBTA-TBZ-Cu2+] complex, blocking the occurrence of PET, and the fluorescence intensity of PCZBTA-TBZ is restored. The addition of other amino acids caused almost no change. The polymer is expected to be used for dual fluorescence detection of specific metal ions and Cys.
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8
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Tarange DL, Nayak N, Kumar A. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Substituted 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray L. Tarange
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nagaraj Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Appavoo D, Bhardwaj K, Singh SP, Koukaras EN, Kumar R, Lochab B. Covalently linked benzothiadiazole-fullerene adducts for organic optoelectronic devices: synthesis and characterization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35977-35988. [PMID: 36545105 PMCID: PMC9753163 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene adducts have attracted attention in a variety of applications including organic optoelectronic devices. In this regard, we have designed a covalently linked donor-acceptor dyad comprising a fluorobenzothiadiazole-thiophene (BTF2-Th) unit with the electron acceptor fullerene in an Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor (A-D-A) molecular arrangement. We synthesized and characterized two new covalently bonded benzothiadiazole-based fullerene molecules, mono-adduct, 7 (benzothiadiazole : PC61BM = 1 : 1, anchored terminally via esterification reaction) and multi-adduct, 10-I (benzothiadiazole : PC61BM = n : 1, where n ≥ 1, attached directly to the fullerene core via the Prato reaction) using different synthetic strategies. A broadening of the UV-visible spectra of the modified fullerene derivative with strong absorption from 350 to 500 nm and at low wavelengths is observed as compared to PC61BM. A suitable bandgap, good electronic conductivity, and appreciable solubility in solvents suggest their utility in optoelectronic devices. The mono-adduct 7 showed two-order higher electron mobility as compared to bis-adduct 10-I due to retention of extended conjugation in fullerene, as in the case of PC61BM. Experimentally determined optical properties and energy levels of the fullerene adducts were found to be in good agreement and supported by theoretical calculations. The presence of BTF2 affects the ground state dipole moments as well as the absorption strengths, most noticeable in the case of two attached BTF2 moieties. The HOMO and LUMO levels are found to be localized on the fullerene cage with the extension of the HOMO to the BTF2 unit more and the same is noticed in ground state dipole moment in the side-chain functionalized structure. Such structural arrangement provides easy charge transfer between acceptor and donor units to allow a concomitant effect of favorable optoelectronic properties, energy levels of the frontier orbitals, effective exciton dissociation, and charge transport which may reduce processing complexity to advance single material-based future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divambal Appavoo
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institute of EminenceDelhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha NagarUttar Pradesh 201314India,Department of Chemistry, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA
| | - Komal Bhardwaj
- Photovoltaic Metrology Group, Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDr. K. S. Krishnan MargNew DelhiIndia-110012,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Samarendra P. Singh
- Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of EminenceIndia
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiGR-54124 ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Rachana Kumar
- Photovoltaic Metrology Group, Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDr. K. S. Krishnan MargNew DelhiIndia-110012,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institute of EminenceDelhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha NagarUttar Pradesh 201314India
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Lin K, Wu C, Zhang G, Wu Z, Tang S, Lin Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Ming S, Lu B. Toward High-Performance Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers: Influence of Local Chemical Environment and Side-Chain Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238424. [PMID: 36500516 PMCID: PMC9741092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three homologous electrochromic conjugated polymers, each containing an asymmetric building block but decorated with distinct alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized using electrochemical polymerization in this study. The corresponding monomers, namely T610FBTT810, DT6FBT, and DT48FBT, comprise the same backbone structure, i.e., an asymmetric 5-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit substituted by two thiophene terminals, but were decorated with different types of alkyl chain (hexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, or 2-octyldecyl). The effects of the side-chain structure and asymmetric repeating unit on the optical absorption, electrochemistry, morphology, and electrochromic properties were investigated comparatively. It was found that the electrochromism conjugated polymer, originating from DT6FBT with the shortest and linear alkyl chain, exhibits the best electrochromic performance with a 25% optical contrast ratio and a 0.3 s response time. The flexible electrochromic device of PDT6FBT achieved reversible colors of navy and cyan between the neutral and oxidized states, consistent with the non-device phenomenon. These results demonstrate that subtle modification of the side chain is able to change the electrochromic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Changjun Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shiting Tang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yingxin Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Hengjia Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Shouli Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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11
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Development of design strategies for conjugated polymer binders in lithium-ion batteries. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Abstract
![]()
With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Al-Masri E, Al-Refai M, Al-Masri HT, Ali BF, Makhseed S, Salah L, Ghazal B, Geyer A, Ivlev SI, Abu-Sini M. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and fluorescence behavior of new 4-aryl-6-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)-2-methylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Itoh T, Suzuki T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Sanda F, Miyata M. Preservation of the Conformational Structures of Single-Polymer Crystals in Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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15
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Yang Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, He Z, He J, Zhao H. Dynamic Anticounterfeiting Through Novel Photochromic Spiropyran-Based Switch@Ln-MOF Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21330-21339. [PMID: 35485831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials presenting unique color changes in response to external stimuli have wide applications in information storage and anticounterfeiting. However, developing intelligent fluorescent materials with high security levels and dynamically displaying encrypted information is still a challenge. Herein, we report a new method for constructing excellent fluorescent materials by loading the photochromic molecule spiropyran into a lanthanide metal-organic framework. Controlling the isomerization of the spiropyran unit regulates the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between the spiropyran acceptor and the lanthanide donor, leading to an exceptional reversible absorption/luminescence modulation ability. As the irradiation time is extended, the fluorescent color changes continuously from yellow-greenish to orange and then to red through the FRET process within 60 s. This composite system has great potential in anticounterfeiting because of the following advantages: (1) the materials have different fluorescence emissions and optical colors regulated by ultraviolet radiation, which is convenient for designing complex anticounterfeiting patterns; (2) the system can be repeatedly verified quickly and exhibit dynamic fluorescence color within 60 s, having great potential in advanced anticounterfeiting, where time is key in encryption/decryption. These unique advantages will greatly enhance the reliability of anticounterfeiting measures and increase the difficulty of anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junzhao He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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16
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Cui K, Zhang Y, Chen G, Cui Y, Wu W, Zhao N, Liu T, Xiao Z. Molecular Regulation of Polymeric Raman Probes for Ultrasensitive Microtumor Diagnosis and Noninvasive Microvessle Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106925. [PMID: 35092156 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman imaging is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of cancers and visualization of various biological processes. Polymers possessing excellent biocompatibility are promising probes for Raman imaging. However, few polymers are reported to serve as Raman probes for in vivo imaging, mainly due to the intrinsic weak Raman signal intensity and fluorescence interference of these polymers. Herein, a poly(indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole) (IDT-BT) polymer is presented, which emits unprecedentedly strong Raman signals under the near-infrared wavelength (785 nm) excitation, thus functioning as a Raman probe for ultrasensitive in vivo Raman imaging. Further mechanistic studies unveil that the unique Raman feature of the IDT-BT polymer relies on molecularly regulating its absorbance edge adjacent to the desired excitation wavelength, thus avoiding fluorescence interference and simultaneously emitting strong Raman scattering under preresonant excitation. Taking advantage of this discipline, the IDT-BT polymeric probe successfully realizes intraoperative Raman imaging of micrometastasis as small as 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm, comparable to the most sensitive Raman probes currently reported. Impressively, the IDT-BT enables noninvasive microvascular imaging, which is not achieved using other Raman probes. This work opens a new avenue toward the development of polymeric Raman probes for in vivo Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Tize Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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17
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Babu NS. Studies of New 2,7-Carbazole (CB) Based Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) Monomers as Possible Electron Donors in Polymer Solar Cells by DFT and TD-DFT Methods. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202100273. [PMID: 35103407 PMCID: PMC8805391 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The new donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) monomers have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods to evaluate the optoelectronic and electronic properties for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. The TD-DFT method is combined with a hybrid exchange-correlation functional using the B3LYP method in conjunction with a polarizable continuum model (PCM) and a 6-311G basis set to predict the excitation energies and absorption spectra of all monomers. The predicted bandgap (Eg ) of the monomers decreasing in the following order D1
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Affiliation(s)
- Numbury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry LabDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Natural and Mathematical SciencesThe University of DodomaDonomaTanzania
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18
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O'Connell CE, Sabury S, Jenkins JE, Collier GS, Sumpter BG, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Highly fluorescent purine-containing conjugated copolymers with tailored optoelectronic properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers containing electron donor and acceptor units in their main chain have emerged as promising materials for organic electronic devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J. Elias Jenkins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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19
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Zaier R, Gharbi S, Hriz K, Majdoub M, Ayachi S. New fluorescent material based on anthracene and triazole for blue organic light emitting diode: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Electropolymers of 4-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3-yl)benzonitrile extended with thiophene, 3-hexylthiophene and EDOT moieties; their electrochromic applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Comparison between poly(azomethine)s and poly(p-phenylvinylene)s containing a di-R-diphenylsilane (R = methyl or phenyl) moiety. Optical, electronic and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Kim YG, Nguyen HL, Kinlen P. Secondary Dopants of Electrically Conducting Polyanilines. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172904. [PMID: 34502944 PMCID: PMC8434003 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary dopants and the doping methods were identified for increasing the electrical conductivity of a highly processable and a primarily doped polyaniline dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (PANI-DNNSA). The secondary doping was carried out using film, solution, and vapor doping methods. The doping methods and functional groups of secondary dopants were observed to play a critical role for inducing electrical characteristics of polyaniline. When secondary film doping method and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used, the electrical conductivity of the secondary doped polyaniline was measured to be increased from 0.16 to 334 S/cm. A novel vapor annealing doping method was developed to incorporate secondary dopants into solution cast polyaniline films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-857-6535
| | - Hai-Long Nguyen
- US Army Future Command, Picatinny Arsenal, Wharton, NJ 07806, USA;
| | - Patrick Kinlen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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23
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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24
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Waite SL, Karton A, Chan B, Page AJ. Thermochemical stabilities of giant fullerenes using density functional tight binding theory and isodesmic-type reactions. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:222-230. [PMID: 33219554 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a systematic assessment of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) method for calculating heats of formation of fullerenes with isodesmic-type reaction schemes. We show that DFTB3-D/3ob can accurately predict Δf H values of the 1812 structural isomers of C60 , reproduce subtle trends in Δf H values for 24 isolated pentagon rule (IPR) isomers of C84 , and predict Δf H values of giant fullerenes that are in effectively exact agreement with benchmark DSD-PBEP86/def2-QZVPP calculations. For fullerenes up to C320 , DFTB Δf H values are within 1.0 kJ mol-1 of DSD-PBEP86/def2-QZVPP values per carbon atom, and on a per carbon atom basis DFTB3-D/3ob yields exactly the same numerical trend of (Δf H [per carbon] = 722n-0.72 + 5.2 kJ mol-1 ). DFTB3-D/3ob is therefore an accurate replacement for high-level DHDFT and composite thermochemical methods in predicting of thermochemical stabilities of giant fullerenes and analogous nanocarbon architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Waite
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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El-Shehawy AA, Attia AM, Abdallah ARIA, El-Hendawy MM. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and computational studies on N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine based π-conjugated copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320988757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, π-conjugated copolymers, namely N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/benzothiadiazole, N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/9,9-dihexylfluorene, and N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/9,9-diethylhexylfluorene were readily synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The polymer structures and their photophysical properties were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA, XRD, UV-vis absorption and PL spectroscopy measurements. The coupling agent effect on photophysical properties of copolymers was investigated to rationally design polymers with particular physical properties to be employed in optoelectronic devices. The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of copolymers showed λmax at a range of ∼334–474 nm and red-shifted in their films to a range of ∼342–381 nm. These copolymers displayed highly intense fluorescence in their solutions and films. The PL spectra of copolymers indicated red and near-infrared light, rendering them a prospect for being red and near-infrared light-emitting materials for PLEDs. XRD analysis demonstrated a d-spacing range of ∼3.79–4.32 Å, reflecting π-π stacking and some degree of crystallinity in some polymers, and only P1 and P2 showed peaks in the small-angle region, indicating lamellar structures. To understand the relationship between molecular structures of target materials and their photophysical and photovoltaic properties, density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent form (TD-DFT) were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A El-Shehawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Adel M Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Morad M El-Hendawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Kharga, Egypt
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26
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Viswanathan T, Palanisami N. Ferrocene-appended boronated ester: effect of cyanovinylene group on the nonlinear optical properties and colorimetric detection of fluoride ion. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A centrosymmetric ferrocenyl boronated ester shows second-order NLO effect, selective and sensitive detection of fluoride ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamodharan Viswanathan
- Center for Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore – 632014
| | - Nallasamy Palanisami
- Center for Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore – 632014
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27
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El‐Shehawy AA, Abdu ME, El‐Hendawy MM, El‐Khouly M, Sherif MH, Moustafa HY. Synthesis, photophysical, and theoretical studies on π‐conjugated copolymers based on benzothiadiazole and cyanopyridine acceptor moieties along with other π‐bridge units. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A. El‐Shehawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abdu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Morad M. El‐Hendawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science New Valley University Kharga Egypt
| | - Mohamed El‐Khouly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hamed Y. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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28
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA. Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2627. [PMID: 33182241 PMCID: PMC7695322 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia;
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29
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Li Y, Deng S, Cai P, Wang C, Wang H, Shen Y. Synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromic performances of two novel tetrathiafulvalene–thiophene assemblies. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract6,7-Bis(hexylthio)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]-3-methylthio-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF-2) is coupled with thiophene-3-carboxylic acid and thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid by Steglich esterification, respectively, to afford 2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl thiophene-3-carboxylate (TTF-Th) and bis(2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl)thiophene-3,4-di-carboxylate (DTTF-Th). Their structures were characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Electropolymerization of TTF-Th and DTTF-Th was conducted with 0.1 M n-Bu4NPF6. The results indicated that both assemblies could rapidly form polymers via electrochemical deposition. In addition, their electrochromic performances illustrated that the color of P(TTF-Th) could switch from orange-yellow to dark blue, while P(DTTF-Th) changed its color from orange in the neutral state to dark blue in the oxidation state. Moreover, the electrochromic performances of P(DTTF-Th) were better than P(TTF-Th) due to the introduction of one extra TTF unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shixiong Deng
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenyun Wang
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yongjia Shen
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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30
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Sassi M, Mattiello S, Beverina L. Syntheses of Organic Semiconductors in Water. Recent Advancement in the Surfactants Enhanced Green Access to Polyconjugated Molecules. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
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31
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Zheng R, Huang T, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Niu H, Wang C, Wang W. Novel polyimides containing flexible carbazole blocks with electrochromic and electrofluorescencechromic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6992-7003. [PMID: 35493867 PMCID: PMC9049831 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polyimides (PIs) were prepared by polycondensation of a diamine monomer with five anhydrides (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride (BTA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTD), 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTD), 4-[(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-5-isobenzofuranyl)oxy]-1,3-isobenzofurandione (DDII), and 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTD)), which have anodic electrochromic (EC) properties. These PIs not only show good solubility and thermal stability, but also demonstrate stable electrochemical oxidation behavior and good EC properties, and the highest retained electroactivity reaches 99% after 600 cycles. In addition, the series of PIs exhibit excellent electrofluorescencechromic (EFC) properties. Therefore, the novel materials will contribute to the application of EC or EFC displays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Haijun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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Han Y, Xing Z, Ma P, Li S, Wang C, Jiang Z, Chen Z. Design Rules for Improving the Cycling Stability of High-Performance Donor-Acceptor-Type Electrochromic Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7529-7538. [PMID: 31957425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although high-performance donor-acceptor (D-A)-type polymers have received much attention as an important class of electrochromic (EC) materials, the related studies have mostly focused on the influence of D and A units on the band gap, onset potential, and switching time, leaving the effect of D-A structures on cycling lifetime underexplored. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of poly(aryl amino sulfone)s (PAASs) as D-A polymers with triphenylamine-based donor units and the sulfone moiety as the acceptor unit. As a result, we present new rules to design and develop D-A structure polymers with high EC cycling stability: (1) the electron-donating and -withdrawing abilities of the donor and acceptor should be balanced during the electrochemical cycle process, and this balance can be measured by the ratio of Jred/Jox; (2) the D-A structure should benefit to generate lower Eonset. By these design rules, the best-performing polymer PAAS-TPPA-OMe exhibits an excellent long-term cycling stability (over 3,900 cycles), low onset potential (0.26 V), fast switching time (6.0/4.3 s for the EC process), high contrast (87% at 688 nm and 94% at 928 nm), and high coloration efficiency (500 cm2 C-1 at 688 nm and 1131 cm2 C-1 at 928 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Han
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Su Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Chong Wang
- Center of Applied Chemistry & School of Materials and Energy , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Xiuzheng Road 1788 , Changchun 130012 , China
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Chu T, Yue H, Zhao Y, Du H, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Synthesis and characterization of D-A type conjugated electrochromic polymers with cross-linked structure employing a novel and multi-functionalized molecular as the acceptor unit. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Exploring the Utility of Buchwald Ligands for C-H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:931-936. [PMID: 35619496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling polymerizations provide an opportunity to synthesize conjugated polymers with an increased ease of monomer preparation, reduced environmental impact, and increased sustainability. Considering these attributes, it is necessary to expand the diversity of monomers that readily and efficiently participate in this coupling strategy to enable the development of conjugated polymers with a wide range of properties. Herein, the oxidative direct arylation polymerization toolbox is expanded to include 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene being synthesized via C-H/C-H cross-coupling methodologies. In conjunction with these efforts, the utilization of Buchwald ligands in C-H/C-H cross coupling polymerizations also is reported, and variations in the ligand structure provide insight into the role ligand choice has on C-H cross-coupling polymerizations. Specifically, it is determined that the phosphine functionality affects the rate-determining, concerted metalation-deprotonation step of the catalytic cycle, while bulky isopropyl substituents on the ligand's lower aryl ring promote reductive elimination. By balancing these steric effects on the ancillary ligands, polymers are synthesized to exhibit molecular weights above the effective conjugation length, with recovered yields >90%. In addition to expanding the scope of conjugated polymers accessible via oxidative direct arylation polymerization, these results provide the foundational understanding for utilizing Buchwald-type ligands in C-H-activated polymerizations.
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Zhai Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Yu D, Zhu Z, Sun J, Dong S. Self-Rechargeable-Battery-Driven Device for Simultaneous Electrochromic Windows, ROS Biosensing, and Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28072-28077. [PMID: 31310090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A self-powered electrochromic device (ECD) powered by a self-rechargeable battery is easily fabricated to achieve electrochromic window design, quantitative reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensing, and energy storage. The special design of the battery was composed of Prussian blue (PB) and magnesium metal as the cathode and anode, respectively, which exhibits fast self-charging and high power-density output for continuous and stable energy supply. Benefitting from the fast electrochromic response of PB, it was not only used for structuring self-rechargeable batteries but also used as an electrochromic display for highly sensitive self-powered ROS sensing and visual analysis. We believe that this work provides a solution to self-powered ECDs limited to a single application and could combine the applications in smart windows, ROS sensing, and other fields together, and in the meantime provide a solution for energy supply problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Dengbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Jinzi Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
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36
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Jin E, Lan Z, Jiang Q, Geng K, Li G, Wang X, Jiang D. 2D sp2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Wu C, Zhang Z, Pan Q, Hu F, Wang R, Li P, Huang X, Li Z. Fully Conjugated Two‐Dimensional sp
2
‐Carbon Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Photosystem I with High Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5376-5381. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Qingyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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38
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Wu C, Zhang Z, Pan Q, Hu F, Wang R, Li P, Huang X, Li Z. Fully Conjugated Two‐Dimensional sp
2
‐Carbon Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Photosystem I with High Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Qingyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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39
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Xue Y, Xue Z, Zhang W, Zhang W, Chen S, Lin K, Xu J. Effects on optoelectronic performances of EDOT end-capped oligomers and electrochromic polymers by varying thienothiophene cores. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Randell NM, Kelly TL. Recent Advances in Isoindigo-Inspired Organic Semiconductors. CHEM REC 2018; 19:973-988. [PMID: 30375156 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, isoindigo has become a widely used electron-deficient subunit in donor-acceptor organic semiconductors, and these isoindigo-based materials have been widely used in both organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Shortly after the development of isoindigo-based semiconductors, researchers began to modify the isoindigo structure in order to change the optoelectronic properties of the resulting materials. This led to the development of many new isoindigo-inspired compounds; since 2012, the Kelly Research Group has synthesized a number of these isoindigo analogues and produced a variety of new donor-acceptor semiconductors. In this Personal Account, recent progress in the field is reviewed. We describe how the field has evolved from relatively simple donor-acceptor small molecules to structurally complex, highly planarized polymer systems. The relevance of these materials in OPV and OFET applications is highlighted, with particular emphasis on structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Randell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
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41
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Fagnani DE, Bou Zerdan R, Castellano RK. Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, Self-Association, and Base Pairing of Nucleobase-Functionalized Oligothiophenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12711-12721. [PMID: 30230836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Device-relevant π-conjugated oligothiophenes with the canonical nucleobases directly embedded into the π-framework have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These oligomers offer the ability to tune optoelectronic properties via the intimate merging of the nucleobase molecular electronic structure with base-pairing fidelity. Analysis of their optical and electronic properties in a hydrogen-bond-disrupting solvent (DMF) indicates that the nucleobase identity influences the intrinsic electronic properties of the semiconductors. These differences are supported by DFT calculations which demonstrate that the HOMO/LUMO orbitals are distributed differently for each compound. The solubility and competition between self-association and base pairing in a hydrogen-bond-supporting solvent (chloroform) was studied to better understand the oligomer behavior under conditions relevant for downstream solution processing into thin-film devices. These solution studies reveal that in each case base-pairing is preferred to self-aggregation; the relatively weak heteroassociation of 1A-1U (35 ± 5 M-1) should be amenable to facile solution processing and successive hydrogen bond formation in the solid state, while the strong heteroassociation between 1G and 1C (>104 M-1) should enable assemblies to be preformed in solution. These results are expected to enable the synthesis of more complex π-conjugated architectures and facilitate their extension to optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Fagnani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Raghida Bou Zerdan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Ronald K Castellano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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42
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Synthesis and studies of carbazole-based donor polymer for organic solar cell applications. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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43
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Feng F, Kong L, Du H, Zhao J, Zhang J. Donor-Acceptor-Type Copolymers Based on 3,4-Propylenedioxy-thiophene and 5,6-Difluorobenzotriazole: Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E427. [PMID: 30966462 PMCID: PMC6415233 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three solution-processable D-A-type conjugated polymers P1, P2 and P3 were successfully synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling copolymerization approach, with 6,8-Dibromo-3,3-bis-decyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4] dioxepine (M1) and 2,5-Bis(trimethylstannanyl)thiophene (M3) as the donor units and 4,7-Dibromo-5,6-difluoro-2-(2-hexyl-decyl)-2H-benzotriazole (M2) as the acceptor unit, wherein the feed ratio of the three units was 1:3:4 (M1:M2:M3, the same below), 1:1:2 and 3:1:4 for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The results obtained by our test showed that the feed ratio between the D and A units had a significant effect on both the electrochemical and the spectroelectrochemical properties of the three polymers. The copolymers exhibited a gradually deepening red color in neutral state with the increase of M1 content and then turned to a transmissive grey color in the oxidation state. Also, three copolymers showed good performance in electrochromic parameters, which mainly consists of optical contrast, response time, and coloration efficiency. In general, the excellent electrochromic performances of the copolymers make them outstanding candidates for electrochromic material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanda Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
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44
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Carbazole based electrochromic polymers bearing ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy scaffolds. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Zhai Y, Zhu Z, Zhou S, Zhu C, Dong S. Recent advances in spectroelectrochemistry. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3089-3111. [PMID: 29379916 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two quite different techniques, conventional electrochemistry and spectroscopy, into spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provides a complete description of chemically driven electron transfer processes and redox events for different kinds of molecules and nanoparticles. SEC possesses interdisciplinary advantages and can further expand the scopes in the fields of analysis and other applications, emphasizing the hot issues of analytical chemistry, materials science, biophysics, chemical biology, and so on. Considering the past and future development of SEC, a review on the recent progress of SEC is presented and selected examples involving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), near-infrared (NIR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, as well as other SEC are summarized to fully demonstrate these techniques. In addition, the optically transparent electrodes and SEC cell design, and the typical applications of SEC in mechanism study, electrochromic device fabrication, sensing and protein study are fully introduced. Finally, the key issues, future perspectives and trends in the development of SEC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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46
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Mahesh K, Priyanka V, Vijai Anand A, Karpagam S. Photophysical and electrochemical investigation of highly conjugated pyridine based diphenylamine materials. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Jäger J, Schraff S, Pammer F. Synthesis, Properties, and Solar Cell Performance of Poly(4-(p
-alkoxystyryl)thiazole)s. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Jäger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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48
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Arun Kumar G, Gomathi Priya P, Alagar M. Functional phenylethynylene side arm poly(arylene ethynylene) conjugated polymers: optical and electrochemical behavior for enrichment of electronic applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The new type of poly(phenyl ethynylene) side arm conjugated polymers were synthesised with effective photophysical and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Alagappa College of Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai
- India
| | - P. Gomathi Priya
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Alagappa College of Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai
- India
| | - M. Alagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Alagappa College of Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai
- India
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49
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Zhang Q, Tsai CY, Abidin T, Jiang JC, Shie WR, Li LJ, Liaw DJ. Transmissive-to-black fast electrochromic switching from a long conjugated pendant group and a highly dispersed polymer/SWNT. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01863k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic polymer (ECPblack) demonstrates an ultrahigh contrast ratio (over 80%) in most of the visible regions, and its electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors remarkably accelerate by doping nanotube/polytriarylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yi Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Taufik Abidin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Chiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ru Shie
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Material Science and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Der-Jang Liaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
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50
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Grandl M, Sun Y, Pammer F. Electronic and structural properties of N → B-ladder boranes with high electron affinity. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of electronically and structurally diverse N → B-ladder boranes has been prepared by hydroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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