1
|
Hilla P, Vaara J. NMR chemical shift of confined 129Xe: coordination number, paramagnetic channels and molecular dynamics in a cryptophane-A biosensor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22719-22733. [PMID: 37606522 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02695g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in hyperpolarisation and indirect detection have enabled the development of xenon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biosensors (XBSs) for molecule-selective sensing in down to picomolar concentration. Cryptophanes (Crs) are popular cages for hosting the Xe "spy". Understanding the microscopic host-guest chemistry has remained a challenge in the XBS field. While early NMR computations of XBSs did not consider the important effects of host dynamics and explicit solvent, here we model the motionally averaged, relativistic NMR chemical shift (CS) of free Xe, Xe in a prototypic CrA cage and Xe in a water-soluble CrA derivative, each in an explicit H2O solvent, over system configurations generated at three different levels of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We confirm the "contact-type" character of the Xe CS, arising from the increased availability of paramagnetic channels, magnetic couplings between occupied and virtual orbitals through the short-ranged orbital hyperfine operator, when neighbouring atoms are in contact with Xe. Remarkably, the Xe CS in the present, highly dynamic and conformationally flexible situations is found to depend linearly on the coordination number of the Xe atom. We interpret the high- and low-CS situations in terms of the magnetic absorption spectrum and choose our preference among the used MD methods based on comparison with the experimental CS. We check the role of spin-orbit coupling by comparing with fully relativistic CS calculations. The study outlines the computational workflow required to realistically model the CS of Xe confined in dynamic cavity structures under experimental conditions, and contributes to microscopic understanding of XBSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Hilla
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hilla P, Vaara J. Energetics and exchange of xenon and water in a prototypic cryptophane-A biosensor structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17946-17950. [PMID: 35748333 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microscopic description of the energetics and dynamics of xenon NMR biosensors can be experimentally difficult to achieve. We conduct molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations of a prototypical Xe@cryptophane-A biosensor in an explicit water solvent. We compute the non-covalent Xe binding energy, identify the complexation mechanism of Xe, and calculate the exchange dynamics of water molecules between the solution and the host. Three distinct, hitherto unreported Xe exchange processes are identified, and water molecules initialize each one. The obtained binding energies support the existing literature. The residence times and energetics of water guests are reported. An empty host does not remain empty, but is occupied by water. The results contribute to the understanding and development of Xe biosensors based on cryptophane derivatives and alternative host structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Hilla
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baydoun O, Buffeteau T, Brotin T. Enantiopure cryptophane derivatives: Synthesis and chiroptical properties. Chirality 2021; 33:562-596. [PMID: 34464474 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the synthesis of enantiopure cryptophane and the study of their chiroptical properties. Cryptophane derivatives represent an important class of macrocyclic compounds that can bind a large range of species in solution under different conditions. The overwhelming majority of these host molecules is chiral, and their chiroptical properties have been thoroughly investigated. The first part of this review is dedicated to the optical resolution and the synthesis of enantiopure cryptophane derivatives. In a second part, the study of the chiroptical properties of these molecular hosts by different techniques such as electronic and vibrational circular dichroism and Raman optical activity is detailed. These techniques allow the determination of the absolute configuration of cryptophane derivatives and provide useful information about their conformation in different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Baydoun
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux University, Talence, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xenon binding by a tight yet adaptive chiral soft capsule. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6257. [PMID: 33288758 PMCID: PMC7721739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon binding has attracted interest due to the potential for xenon separation and emerging applications in magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to their covalent counterparts, assembled hosts that are able to effectively bind xenon are rare. Here, we report a tight yet soft chiral macrocycle dimeric capsule for efficient and adaptive xenon binding in both crystal form and solution. The chiral bisurea-bisthiourea macrocycle can be easily synthesized in multi-gram scale. Through assembly, the flexible macrocycles are locked in a bowl-shaped conformation and buckled to each other, wrapping up a tight, completely sealed yet adjustable cavity suitable for xenon, with a very high affinity for an assembled host. A slow-exchange process and drastic spectral changes are observed in both 1H and 129Xe NMR. With the easy synthesis, modification and reversible characteristics, we believe the robust yet adaptive assembly system may find applications in xenon sequestration and magnetic resonance imaging-based biosensing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baydoun O, De Rycke N, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Jeanneau E, Brotin T. Synthesis of Cryptophane-223-Type Derivatives with Dual Functionalization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9127-9137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Baydoun
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Hierarchically nested hosts offer new opportunities to control the guest binding of the inner host, functionalize the cavity of the outer host, and investigate communication between different layers. Here we report a self-assembled triazatruxene-based FeII4L4 capsule, which was able to encapsulate a covalent cage, cryptophane-111 (CRY). The resulting cage-in-cage complex was capable of accommodating a cesium cation or xenon atom with altered guest binding behavior compared to the CRY alone. A crystal structure of the Russian doll complex [Cs+⊂CRY]⊂FeII4L4 unambiguously demonstrated the unusual encapsulation of a cation within a capsule bearing a 8+ charge. Moreover, the binding of enantiopure CRY occurred with high enantioselectivity (530-fold) between the two enantiomers of the tetrahedron. This discrimination resulted in stereochemical information transfer from the inner covalent cage to the outer self-assembled capsule, leading to the formation of enantiopure [guest⊂cage]⊂cage complexes. The stereochemistry of the tetrahedron persisted even after displacement of CRY with an achiral guest.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jeong K, Slack CC, Vassiliou CC, Dao P, Gomes MD, Kennedy DJ, Truxal AE, Sperling LJ, Francis MB, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Investigation of DOTA-Metal Chelation Effects on the Chemical Shift of (129) Xe. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3573-7. [PMID: 26376768 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that xenon chemical shifts in cryptophane-cage sensors are affected when tethered chelators bind to metals. Here, we explore the xenon shifts in response to a wide range of metal ions binding to diastereomeric forms of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) linked to cryptophane-A. The shifts induced by the binding of Ca(2+) , Cu(2+) , Ce(3+) , Zn(2+) , Cd(2+) , Ni(2+) , Co(2+) , Cr(2+) , Fe(3+) , and Hg(2+) are distinct. In addition, the different responses of the diastereomers for the same metal ion indicate that shifts are affected by partial folding with a correlation between the expected coordination number of the metal in the DOTA complex and the chemical shift of (129) Xe. These sensors may be used to detect and quantify many important metal ions, and a better understanding of the basis for the induced shifts could enhance future designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Clancy C Slack
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Christophoros C Vassiliou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Phuong Dao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Muller D Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Daniel J Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Ashley E Truxal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Lindsay J Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Sata Clara, CA, 95053-0270, USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA. .,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song J, Shi Y, Huang Z, Zheng Q. Homomeric Inclusion and Hydrogen-Bonding Cooperatively Directed Crystalline Assembly of a Cyclotriguaiacylene Derivative with Different Aromatic Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Khan N, Riggle BA, Seward GK, Bai Y, Dmochowski IJ. Cryptophane-folate biosensor for (129)xe NMR. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:101-9. [PMID: 25438187 PMCID: PMC4306503 DOI: 10.1021/bc5005526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Folate-conjugated cryptophane was developed for targeting cryptophane to membrane-bound folate receptors that are overexpressed in many human cancers. The cryptophane biosensor was synthesized in 20 nonlinear steps, which included functionalization with folate recognition moiety, solubilizing peptide, and Cy3 fluorophore. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR studies confirmed xenon binding to the folate-conjugated cryptophane. Cellular internalization of biosensor was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Competitive blocking studies confirmed cryptophane endocytosis through a folate receptor-mediated pathway. Flow cytometry revealed 10-fold higher cellular internalization in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors compared to HT-1080 cells with normal folate receptor expression. The biosensor was determined to be nontoxic in HT-1080 and KB cells by MTT assay at low micromolar concentrations typically used for hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najat
S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brittany A. Riggle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Garry K. Seward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yubin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubost E, Dognon JP, Rousseau B, Milanole G, Dugave C, Boulard Y, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P. Understanding a Host-Guest Model System through129Xe NMR Spectroscopic Experiments and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Dubost E, Dognon JP, Rousseau B, Milanole G, Dugave C, Boulard Y, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P. Understanding a Host-Guest Model System through129Xe NMR Spectroscopic Experiments and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9837-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Adiri T, Marciano D, Cohen Y. Potential 129Xe-NMR biosensors based on secondary and tertiary complexes of a water-soluble pillar[5]arene derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:7082-4. [PMID: 23811715 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the first secondary and tertiary complexes of the pillar[5]arene derivative with xenon in water. We show that the chemical shift of the encapsulated xenon provides information on the type of the formed complex suggesting that has the potential to be used as a platform for NMR biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Adiri
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song JR, Huang ZT, Zheng QY. Synthesis of functionalized cyclotriveratrylene analogues with C1-symmetry and the application for 1,4-Michael addition of alcohols to unsaturated aryl ketone. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Schröder L. Xenon for NMR biosensing – Inert but alert. Phys Med 2013; 29:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Taratula O, Kim MP, Bai Y, Philbin JP, Riggle BA, Haase DN, Dmochowski IJ. Synthesis of enantiopure, trisubstituted cryptophane-A derivatives. Org Lett 2012; 14:3580-3. [PMID: 22783828 DOI: 10.1021/ol300943w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of enantiopure, trisubstituted cryptophane-A derivatives, organic host molecules with unusually high xenon affinity, is reported. Synthesis and chromatographic separation of (±) tri-Mosher's acid substituted cryptophane diastereomers gave ready access to the enantiopure cryptophanes, which are critical components in the design of enantiomerically pure (129)Xe biosensors. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy identified single resonances for both trisubstituted cryptophane diastereomers that were separated by 9.5 ppm. This highlights opportunities for using enantiopure xenon biosensors in the simultaneous detection of (129)Xe in different biochemical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kotera N, Tassali N, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Delacour L, Traoré T, Buisson DA, Taran F, Coudert S, Rousseau B. A Sensitive Zinc-Activated129Xe MRI Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Kotera N, Tassali N, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Delacour L, Traoré T, Buisson DA, Taran F, Coudert S, Rousseau B. A sensitive zinc-activated 129Xe MRI probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4100-3. [PMID: 22411775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kotera
- CEA Saclay, SCBM, iBiTec-S, Building 547, PC # 108, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fairchild RM, Joseph AI, Holman KT, Fogarty HA, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Boutin C, Huber G, Berthault P. A water-soluble Xe@cryptophane-111 complex exhibits very high thermodynamic stability and a peculiar (129)Xe NMR chemical shift. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:15505-7. [PMID: 20958059 DOI: 10.1021/ja1071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The known xenon-binding (±)-cryptophane-111 (1) has been functionalized with six [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(II)](+) ([Cp*Ru](+)) moieties to give, in 89% yield, the first water-soluble cryptophane-111 derivative, namely [(Cp*Ru)(6)1]Cl(6) ([2]Cl(6)). [2]Cl(6) exhibits a very high affinity for xenon in water, with a binding constant of 2.9(2) × 10(4) M(-1) as measured by hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift of the aqueous Xe@[2](6+) species (308 ppm) resonates over 275 ppm downfield of the parent Xe@1 species in (CDCl(2))(2) and greatly broadens the practical (129)Xe NMR chemical shift range made available by xenon-binding molecular hosts. Single crystal structures of [2][CF(3)SO(3)](6)·xsolvent and 0.75H(2)O@1·2CHCl(3) reveal the ability of the cryptophane-111 core to adapt its conformation to guests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Fairchild
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stupic KF, Cleveland ZI, Pavlovskaya GE, Meersmann T. Hyperpolarized (131)Xe NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 208:58-69. [PMID: 21051249 PMCID: PMC3160776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (hp) (131)Xe with up to 2.2% spin polarization (i.e., 5000-fold signal enhancement at 9.4 T) was obtained after separation from the rubidium vapor of the spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) process. The SEOP was applied for several minutes in a stopped-flow mode, and the fast, quadrupolar-driven T(1) relaxation of this spin I = 3/2 noble gas isotope required a rapid subsequent rubidium removal and swift transfer into the high magnetic field region for NMR detection. Because of the xenon density dependent (131)Xe quadrupolar relaxation in the gas phase, the SEOP polarization build-up exhibits an even more pronounced dependence on xenon partial pressure than that observed in (129)Xe SEOP. (131)Xe is the only stable noble gas isotope with a positive gyromagnetic ratio and shows therefore a different relative phase between hp signal and thermal signal compared to all other noble gases. The gas phase (131)Xe NMR spectrum displays a surface and magnetic field dependent quadrupolar splitting that was found to have additional gas pressure and gas composition dependence. The splitting was reduced by the presence of water vapor that presumably influences xenon-surface interactions. The hp (131)Xe spectrum shows differential line broadening, suggesting the presence of strong adsorption sites. Beyond hp (131)Xe NMR spectroscopy studies, a general equation for the high temperature, thermal spin polarization, P, for spin I ≥ 1/2 nuclei is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl F. Stupic
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
- University of Nottingham, School of Clinical Sciences, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Zackary I. Cleveland
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Galina E. Pavlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
- University of Nottingham, School of Clinical Sciences, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
- University of Nottingham, School of Clinical Sciences, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 (0) 115 9515166.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Taratula O, Dmochowski IJ. Functionalized 129Xe contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 14:97-104. [PMID: 19914122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of 'xenon biosensor' for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was first proposed by a Berkeley team in 2001, with evidence that hyperpolarized 129Xe bound to a biotin-labeled cryptophane can detect streptavidin at much lower concentrations (nM-microM) than is typical for contrast-enhanced MRI experiments. 129Xe biosensors have undergone many recent developments to address challenges in molecular imaging. For example, cryptophanes that exhibit 10-fold higher xenon affinity with distinct 129Xe magnetic resonance spectra have been synthesized. Also relevant are dendrimeric cryptophane assemblies and inorganic zeolites that localize many 129Xe atoms to rare targets. Finally, this article considers biosensors that produce measurable changes in 129Xe chemical shift based upon the activity of oligonucleotides, proteins, or enzymes, and includes the first cell studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seward GK, Wei Q, Dmochowski IJ. Peptide-mediated cellular uptake of cryptophane. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2129-35. [PMID: 18925770 DOI: 10.1021/bc8002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophane-A has generated considerable interest based on its high affinity for xenon and potential for creating biosensors for (129)Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Here, we report the cellular delivery of three peptide-functionalized cryptophane biosensors. Cryptophanes were delivered using two cationic cell penetrating peptides into several human cancer and normal cell lines. An RGD peptide targeting alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor was shown to increase specificity of cryptophane cell uptake. Labeling the peptides with Cy3 made it possible to monitor cellular delivery using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The peptido-cryptophanes were determined to be relatively nontoxic by MTT assay at the micromolar cryptophane concentrations that are required for (129)Xe NMR biosensing experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garry K Seward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Locci E, Roose P, Bartik K, Luhmer M. Probing polymer colloids by 129Xe NMR. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 330:344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Chambers JM, Hill PA, Aaron JA, Han Z, Christianson DW, Kuzma NN, Dmochowski IJ. Cryptophane xenon-129 nuclear magnetic resonance biosensors targeting human carbonic anhydrase. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:563-9. [PMID: 19140795 PMCID: PMC2629400 DOI: 10.1021/ja806092w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(129)Xe NMR biosensors are promising agents for early disease detection, especially when their interactions with target biomolecules can perturb (129)Xe chemical shifts well beyond the typical field inhomogeneity of clinical MRI. We introduce human carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a single-binding-site enzyme for studying xenon biosensor-protein interactions. A xenon-binding cryptophane was substituted with linkers of varying lengths to p-benzenesulfonamide to yield nondiastereomeric biosensors with a single (129)Xe NMR resonance. X-ray crystallography confirmed binding of the eight-bond-linked biosensor containing a single xenon atom in the CAII active site. Biosensor dissociation constants (K(d) = 20-110 nM) were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for isozymes CA I and II. The biosensor-CA complexes yielded "bound" hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR resonances of narrow line width that were shifted by 3.0-7.5 ppm downfield, signifying much larger shifts than seen previously. Moreover, isozyme-specific chemical shifts clearly differentiated CA I and II, despite their similar structures. Thus, xenon biosensors may provide a powerful strategy for diagnosing human diseases characterized by the upregulation of specific CA isozymes and other protein biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Chambers
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - P. Aru Hill
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - Julie A. Aaron
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - Zhaohui Han
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - David W. Christianson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - Nicholas N. Kuzma
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aaron JA, Chambers JM, Jude KM, Di Costanzo L, Dmochowski IJ, Christianson DW. Structure of a 129Xe-cryptophane biosensor complexed with human carbonic anhydrase II. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6942-3. [PMID: 18461940 PMCID: PMC2408383 DOI: 10.1021/ja802214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophanes represent an exciting class of xenon-encapsulating molecules that can be exploited as probes for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The 1.70 A resolution crystal structure of a cryptophane-derivatized benezenesulfonamide complexed with human carbonic anhydrase II shows how an encapsulated xenon atom can be directed to a specific biological target. The crystal structure confirms binding measurements indicating that the cryptophane cage does not strongly interact with the surface of the protein, which may enhance the sensitivity of 129Xe NMR spectroscopic measurements in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Aaron
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kentgens APM, Bart J, van Bentum PJM, Brinkmann A, van Eck ERH, Gardeniers JGE, Janssen JWG, Knijn P, Vasa S, Verkuijlen MHW. High-resolution liquid- and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of nanoliter sample volumes using microcoil detectors. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2833560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|