1
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Roos G, Murray JS. Probing intramolecular interactions using molecular electrostatic potentials: changing electron density contours to unveil both attractive and repulsive interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7592-7601. [PMID: 38362927 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We focus on intramolecular interactions, using the electrostatic potential plotted on iso-density surfaces to lead the way. We show that plotting the electrostatic potential on varying iso-density envelopes much closer to the nuclei than the commonly used 0.001 a.u. contour can reveal the driving forces for such interactions, whether they be stabilizing or destabilizing. Our approach involves optimizing the structures of molecules exhibiting intramolecular interactions and then finding the contour of the electronic density which allows the interacting atoms to be separated; we call this the nearly-touching contour. The electrostatic potential allows then to identify the intramolecular interactions as either attractive or repulsive. The discussed 1,5- and 1,6-intramolecular interactions in o-bromophenol and o-nitrophenol are attractive, while the interactions between terminal methyl hydrogens in diethyl disulfides (as shown recently) and those between the closest hydrogens in planar biphenyl and phenanthrene are clearly repulsive in nature. For the attractive 1,4-interactions in trinitromethane and chlorotrinitromethane, and the 1,3-S⋯N and the 1,4-Si⋯N interactions in the ClH2Si(CH2)nNH2 series, the lack of (3,-1) bond critical points has often been cited as reason to not identify such interactions as attractive in nature. Here, by looking at the nearly-touching contours we see that bond critical points are neither necessary nor sufficient for attractive interactions, as others have pointed out, and in some instances also pointing to repulsive interactions, as the examples of planar biphenyl and phenanthrene discussed in this work show.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goedele Roos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jane S Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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2
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Dong Z, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Lu GP. 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole as a novel building block for energetic materials. Front Chem 2022; 10:996812. [PMID: 36092665 PMCID: PMC9458958 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.996812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of novel nitrogen-rich heterocyclic building blocks is of importance in the field of energetic materials. A series of 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives based on a new energetic skeleton have been first synthesized by a simple synthetic strategy. All three compounds are well-characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The compounds 5 and 8 are further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 8 and its salts (8a-8c) possess relative high decomposition temperature and low sensitivity, while 5 exhibits low decomposition temperature and high sensitivity. According to EXPLO5 calculation results of detonation performance, both 5 and 8 display acceptable detonation velocities (D) of 8450 m/s and 8130 m/s and detonation pressures (P) of 31.6 GPa and 29.2 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, 5 containing a rare diazonium ylide structure shows high impact sensitivity (4.5 J), making it has a potential as a primary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheting Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuangang Xu, ; Guo-Ping Lu,
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuangang Xu, ; Guo-Ping Lu,
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3
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Li G, Huang H, Yang J, Yan C, Li W, Duan H. Synthesis and properties of three guanidinium salts based on high-oxygen-balanced 1,4-dinitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate anion. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Lenz T, Klapötke TM, Mühlemann M, Stierstorfer J. About the Azido Derivatives of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lenz
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlemann
- BIAZZI SA Chemin de la Tavallaz 25 CH-1816 Chailly/Montreux Switzerland
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
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5
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Khan RU, Zhu W. Computer-aided design and property prediction of novel insensitive high-energy heterocycle-substituted derivatives of cage NNNAHP. J Mol Model 2020; 26:239. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Zhang Y, Li Q, He Y. ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydrostatic and Uniaxial Compression of Nitrate Energetic Materials. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18535-18543. [PMID: 32743232 PMCID: PMC7391943 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of typical nitrate energetic materials under hydrostatic compression and uniaxial compression were studied using the ReaxFF/lg force field combined with the molecular dynamics simulation method. Under hydrostatic compression, the P-V curve and the bulk modulus (B 0) obtained using the VFRS equation of state show that the compressibility of the three crystals is nitroglycerine (NG) > erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) > 2,3-bis-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dinitro-1,4-butanediol tetranitrate (NEST-1). The a- and c-axis of ETN are easy to compress under the action of hydrostatic pressure, but the b-axis is not easy to compress. The b-axis of NEST-1 is the most compressible, while the a- and c-axis can be compressed slightly when the initial pressure increases and then remains unchanged afterward. The a-, b-, and c-axes of NG all have similar compressibilities. By analyzing the change trend of the main bond lengths of the crystals, it can be seen that the most stable of the three crystals is the N-O bond and the largest change is in the O-NO2 bond. The stability of the C-O bond shows that the NO3 produced by nitrates is not from the C-O bond fracture. Under uniaxial compression, the stress tensor component, the average principal stress, and the hydrostatic pressure have similar trends and amplitudes, indicating that the anisotropy behaviors of the three crystals ETN, NEST-1, and NG are weak. There is no significant correlation between maximum shear stress and sensitivity. The maximum shear stresses τ xy and τ yz of the ETN in the [010] direction are 1.5 GPa higher than τ xz . However, the maximum shear stress of NG shows irregularity in different compression directions, indicating that there is no obvious correlation between the maximum shear stress and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qikai Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhang He
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Xue Q, Bi FQ, Zhang JL, Wang ZJ, Zhai LJ, Huo H, Wang BZ, Zhang SY. A Family of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,5-Oxadiazole Backbones With Low Insensitivity and Good Detonation Performance. Front Chem 2020; 7:942. [PMID: 32154208 PMCID: PMC7044674 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of new compounds with both high detonation performances and good safety properties have always been a formidable task in the field of energetic materials. By introducing -ONO2 and -NHNO2 moieties into 1,2,4-oxadiazole- and 1,2,5-oxadiazole-based backbones, a new family of energetic materials, including ammonium 3-nitramino-4-(5-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-furazan (4), 3,3′-bis[5-nitroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-4,4′-azofuroxan (6), [3-(4-nitroamino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-methylene nitrate (8), and its energetic ionic salts (10–12), were synthesized and fully characterized. The energetic and physical properties of the materials were investigated through theoretical calculations and experimental determination. The results show that the oxadiazole-based compounds exhibit high enthalpy of formations, good detonation performances, and extraordinary insensitivities. In particular, the hydrazinium salt (11) shows the best energetic properties (11: d = 1.821 g cm−3; P = 35.1 GPa, vD = 8,822 m s−1, IS = 40 J, FS > 360N). The ESP and Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that a large number of hydrogen bonds as well as π-π stacking interactions within molecules might be the key reason for their low sensitivities and high energy-density levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Lian-Jie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Xia H, Zhang W, Jin Y, Song S, Wang K, Zhang Q. Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Incorporating the Tetrazole Functionality into a Fused-Ring 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo-[4,3- c]Pyrazole Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45914-45921. [PMID: 31718130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of fused-ring energetic materials, i.e., 3,6-dinitro-1,4-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNTPP, compound 2) and its ionic derivatives (compounds 3-8), were designed and synthesized in this study. The molecular structures of compounds 2, 3, 6, 7·2H2O, and 8 were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their physicochemical and energetic properties, such as density, thermal stability, heat of formation, sensitivity, and detonation properties (e.g., detonation velocity and detonation pressure), were also evaluated. The results indicate that DNTPP and most of its ionic derivatives are extremely thermally stable and insensitive toward mechanical stimuli. In particular, the thermal decomposition temperature of compound 3 is up to 329 °C, while compounds 7 and 8 are very insensitive (impact sensitivity: >20 J; friction sensitivity: >360 N). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 possess good comprehensive properties, including excellent thermal stability, remarkable low sensitivities, and favorable detonation performance. These features show that DNTPP and its ionic derivatives have considerable promise as thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Siwei Song
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
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9
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Katin KP, Javan MB, Kochaev AI, Soltani A, Maslov MM. Kinetic Stability and Reactivity of Silicon and Fluorine‐Containing CL‐20 Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin P. Katin
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics InstituteNational Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” Kashirskoe Shosse 31 Moscow 115409 Russia
- Laboratory of Computational Design of Nanostructures, Nanodevices, and NanotechnologiesResearch Institute for the Development of Scientific and Educational Potential of Youth Aviatorov str. 14/55 Moscow 119620 Russia
| | - Masoud B. Javan
- Physics Department, Faculty of SciencesGolestan University Shahid Beheshti St. Gorgan 15759-49138 Golestan Iran
| | - Alexey I. Kochaev
- Department of PhysicsUlyanovsk State Technical University Severny Venets str. 32 Ulyanovsk 432027 Russia
| | - Alireza Soltani
- Golestan Rheumatology Research CenterGolestan University of Medical Science Azar 10, 5-th Azar St. 4917774979 Gorgan Iran
| | - Mikhail M. Maslov
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics InstituteNational Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” Kashirskoe Shosse 31 Moscow 115409 Russia
- Laboratory of Computational Design of Nanostructures, Nanodevices, and NanotechnologiesResearch Institute for the Development of Scientific and Educational Potential of Youth Aviatorov str. 14/55 Moscow 119620 Russia
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10
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Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Unger CC. Energetic Metal and Nitrogen-Rich Salts of the Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Analogue Pentaerythritol Tetranitrocarbamate. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2881-2887. [PMID: 30702272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetravalent pentaerythritol tetranitrocarbamate (PETNC) is deprotonated by nitrogen-rich, alkaline, alkaline earth metal, and silver bases to form the corresponding salts. Thorough analysis and characterization by multinuclear NMR, vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermoanalytical techniques, and single crystal X-ray diffraction was performed. Furthermore, the energies of formation for the nitrogen-rich salts were calculated utilizing the Gaussian program package. The detonation performances were calculated with the Explo5 (V6.03) computer code, and the sensitivities toward impact and friction were determined and compared to the neutral PETNC and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Ecotoxicological studies of the ammonium and guanidinium salt using Vibrio fischeri bacteria complete this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Klapötke
- Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Cornelia C Unger
- Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
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11
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Manner VW, Cawkwell MJ, Kober EM, Myers TW, Brown GW, Tian H, Snyder CJ, Perriot R, Preston DN. Examining the chemical and structural properties that influence the sensitivity of energetic nitrate esters. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3649-3663. [PMID: 29780495 PMCID: PMC5941197 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of explosives is controlled by factors that span from intrinsic chemical reactivity and chemical intramolecular effects to mesoscale structure and defects, and has been a topic of extensive study for over 50 years. Due to these complex competing chemical and physical elements, a unifying relationship between molecular framework, crystal structure, and sensitivity has yet to be developed. In order to move towards this goal, ideally experimental studies should be performed on systems with small, systematic structural modifications, with modeling utilized to interpret experimental results. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a common nitrate ester explosive that has been widely studied due to its use in military and commercial explosives. We have synthesized PETN derivatives with modified sensitivity characteristics by substituting one -CCH2ONO2 moiety with other substituents, including -CH, -CNH2, -CNH3X, -CCH3, and -PO. We relate the handling sensitivity properties of each PETN derivative to its structural properties, and discuss the potential roles of thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity and heat of formation, thermal stability, crystal structure, compressibility, and inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on impact sensitivity. Reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the C/H/N/O-based PETN-derivatives have been performed under cook-off conditions that mimic those accessed in impact tests. These simulations infer how changes in chemistry affect the subsequent decomposition pathways.
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12
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He P, Mei HZ, Wu L, Yang JQ, Zhang JG, Cohen A, Gozin M. Design of New Bridge-Ring Energetic Compounds Obtained by Diels–Alder Reactions of Tetranitroethylene Dienophile. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Zheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Le Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Adva Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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13
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Petuker A, Reback ML, Apfel U. Carbon/Silicon Exchange at the Apex of Diphos‐ and Triphos‐Derived Ligands – More Than Just a Substitute? Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Petuker
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Matthew L. Reback
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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14
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Abstract
Application of silyl functionalities is one of the most promising strategies among various ‘elements chemistry’ approaches for the development of novel and distinctive drug candidates. Replacement of one or more carbon atoms of various biologically active compounds with silicon (so-called sila-substitution) has been intensively studied for decades, and is often effective for alteration of activity profile and improvement of metabolic profile. In addition to simple C/Si exchange, several novel approaches for utilizing silicon in medicinal chemistry have been suggested in recent years, focusing on the intrinsic differences between silicon and carbon. Sila-substitution offers great potential for enlarging the chemical space of medicinal chemistry, and provides many options for structural development of drug candidates.
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15
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Liu T, Qi X, Wang K, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Green primary energetic materials based on N-(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)nitramide. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of green primary energetic materials based on N-(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)nitramide were synthesized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Liu
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
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16
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Fareghi-Alamdari R, Hatefipour R. Low viscosity azide-containing mono and dicationic ionic liquids with unsaturated side chain. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Axthammer QJ, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Reith T. Energetic Sila-Nitrocarbamates: Silicon Analogues of Neo-Pentane Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4683-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin J. Axthammer
- Energetic Materials Research,
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Energetic Materials Research,
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Energetic Materials Research,
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Reith
- Energetic Materials Research,
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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18
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He P, Zhang JG, Wang K, Yin X, Zhang TL. Combination Multinitrogen with Good Oxygen Balance: Molecule and Synthesis Design of Polynitro-Substituted Tetrazolotriazine-Based Energetic Compounds. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5643-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion
Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion
Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion
Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion
Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion
Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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19
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Tyagi M, Taxak N, Bharatam PV, Nandanwar H, Kartha KR. Mechanochemical click reaction as a tool for making carbohydrate-based triazole-linked self-assembling materials (CTSAMs). Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Axthammer QJ, Krumm B, Klapötke TM. Pentaerythritol-Based Energetic Materials Related to PETN. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Zhou T, Liu L, Goddard WA, Zybin SV, Huang F. ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics on silicon pentaerythritol tetranitrate crystal validates the mechanism for the colossal sensitivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23779-91. [PMID: 25272955 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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22
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Tan B, Huang H, Huang M, Long X, Li J, Yuan X, Xu R. Computational screening of several silicon-based high-energy hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane-like derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Driess M. Synthesis and structure of the azidogermyliumylidene azide complex [L(N3)Ge:]+N3−with covalently and ionically bonded azide ligands at germanium(ii) [L = bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:418-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Gao H, Shreeve JM. Trinitroethyl – a functionality leading to energetic compounds with high nitro content. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Ascherl L, Evangelisti C, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Nafe J, Nieder A, Rest S, Schütz C, Suceska M, Trunk M. Chemistry and Structures of Hexakis(halogenomethyl)-, Hexakis(azidomethyl)-, and Hexakis(nitratomethyl)disiloxanes. Chemistry 2013; 19:9198-210. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Laskowski N, Reis EM, Kötzner L, Baus JA, Burschka C, Tacke R. Synthesis of Silicon-Functionalized (Silylmethyl)silanes and α,ω-Dichlorocarbosilanes Using the TMOP (2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl) Protecting Group: (TMOP)Me2SiCH2Cl and (TMOP)2MeSiCH2Cl as Reagents To Introduce the ClMe2SiCH2, MeOMe2SiCH2, or Cl2MeSiCH2 Group by Nucleophilic Substitution at Silicon. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Laskowski
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Reis
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Lisa Kötzner
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Johannes A. Baus
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
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Vreshch V, Nohra B, Lescop C, Réau R. Synthesis of Small Tetranuclear Cu(I) Metallacycles Based on Bridging Pseudohalogenide Ions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1496-503. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3022535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vreshch
- Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu 35042
Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Nohra
- Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu 35042
Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu 35042
Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Régis Réau
- Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu 35042
Rennes, Cedex, France
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Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Nieder A, Richter O, Troegel D, Tacke R. Silicon-Containing Explosives: Syntheses and Sensitivity Studies of (Azidomethyl)-, Bis(azidomethyl)-, and Tris(azidomethyl)silanes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Y, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. 4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole-Based Energetic Salts. Chemistry 2011; 18:987-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Berkefeld A, Troegel D, Burschka C, Tacke R. Synthesis and Characterization of {[Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]methyl}silanes of the Formula Type Me4−nSi[CH2Si(SiMe3)3]n (n = 1−3) and Derivatives. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100721t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Berkefeld
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Troegel
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Apfel UP, Troegel D, Halpin Y, Tschierlei S, Uhlemann U, Görls H, Schmitt M, Popp J, Dunne P, Venkatesan M, Coey M, Rudolph M, Vos JG, Tacke R, Weigand W. Models for the Active Site in [FeFe] Hydrogenase with Iron-Bound Ligands Derived from Bis-, Tris-, and Tetrakis(mercaptomethyl)silanes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:10117-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Troegel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Halpin
- Solar Energy Conversion SRC, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Institut für Photonische Technologien, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Uhlemann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Institut für Photonische Technologien, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Institut für Photonische Technologien, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Institut für Photonische Technologien, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Dunne
- SFI-Trinity Nanoscience Laboratory, Physics Department, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Munuswamy Venkatesan
- SFI-Trinity Nanoscience Laboratory, Physics Department, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Coey
- SFI-Trinity Nanoscience Laboratory, Physics Department, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manfred Rudolph
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes G. Vos
- Solar Energy Conversion SRC, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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34
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Troegel D, Peter Lippert W, Möller F, Burschka C, Tacke R. New C-functionalized silacycloalkanes (CH2)nSi(CH2X)2 and (CH2)nSi(CH2X)CH2X′ (n = 3, 4; X, X′ = functional group): Synthesis and reactivity studies of analogous silacyclobutanes and silacyclopentanes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Evangelisti C, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Nieder A, Berger RJF, Hayes SA, Mitzel NW, Troegel D, Tacke R. Sila-Substitution of Alkyl Nitrates: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Sensitivity Studies of Highly Explosive (Nitratomethyl)-, Bis(nitratomethyl)-, and Tris(nitratomethyl)silanes and Their Corresponding Carbon Analogues. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4865-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902387y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of München, Butenandtstrasse 5−13 (D), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of München, Butenandtstrasse 5−13 (D), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of München, Butenandtstrasse 5−13 (D), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Anian Nieder
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of München, Butenandtstrasse 5−13 (D), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Raphael J. F. Berger
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stuart A. Hayes
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Troegel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Murray JS, Lane P, Nieder A, Klapötke TM, Politzer P. Enhanced detonation sensitivities of silicon analogs of PETN: reaction force analysis and the role of σ–hole interactions. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Troegel D, Möller F, Burschka C, Tacke R. Synthesis and Characterization of New Trifunctional Tetraorganylsilanes of the Formula Types MeSi(CH2X)3, MeSi(CH2X)2CH2X′, and MeSi(CH2X)(CH2X′)CH2X′′. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9005577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Troegel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Möller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Liu WG, Zybin SV, Dasgupta S, Klapötke TM, Goddard III WA. Explanation of the Colossal Detonation Sensitivity of Silicon Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (Si-PETN) Explosive. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7490-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809725p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sergey V. Zybin
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Siddharth Dasgupta
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - William A. Goddard III
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Troegel D, Walter T, Burschka C, Tacke R. Synthesis and Characterization of Tris(mercaptomethyl)(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)silane and Its Use for the Immobilization of the Si(CH2SH)3 Group on Silica via an Si−O−Si Linkage. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Troegel
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Walter
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Schilling CI, Bräse S. Stable organic azides based on rigid tetrahedral methane and adamantane structures as high energetic materials. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3586-8. [PMID: 17971986 DOI: 10.1039/b713792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A four-folded azidation of tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)methane and -adamantane leads to stable organic azides, but yet energetic materials, measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The rigid and symmetrical structures can be useful for new polymer and nanomaterial developments in material sciences as well as bioconjugations, after 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with terminal alkynes to 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine I Schilling
- Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut für Organische Chemie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Koch EC, Clément D. Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: VI. Silicon – An Old Fuel with New Perspectives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.200700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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