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Xu Z, Tian P. Rethinking Biosynthesis of Aclacinomycin A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062761. [PMID: 36985733 PMCID: PMC10054333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) is an anthracycline antitumor agent widely used in clinical practice. The current industrial production of ACM-A relies primarily on chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. However, chemical synthesis involves multiple reactions which give rise to high production costs and environmental pollution. Microbial fermentation is a sustainable strategy, yet the current fermentation yield is too low to satisfy market demand. Hence, strain improvement is highly desirable, and tremendous endeavors have been made to decipher biosynthesis pathways and modify key enzymes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the reported biosynthesis pathways, key enzymes, and, especially, catalytic mechanisms. In addition, we come up with strategies to uncover unknown enzymes and improve the activities of rate-limiting enzymes. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights for complete biosynthesis of ACM-A.
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2
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Hulst MB, Grocholski T, Neefjes JJC, van Wezel GP, Metsä-Ketelä M. Anthracyclines: biosynthesis, engineering and clinical applications. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:814-841. [PMID: 34951423 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: January 1995 to June 2021Anthracyclines are glycosylated microbial natural products that harbour potent antiproliferative activities. Doxorubicin has been widely used as an anticancer agent in the clinic for several decades, but its use is restricted due to severe side-effects such as cardiotoxicity. Recent studies into the mode-of-action of anthracyclines have revealed that effective cardiotoxicity-free anthracyclines can be generated by focusing on histone eviction activity, instead of canonical topoisomerase II poisoning leading to double strand breaks in DNA. These developments have coincided with an increased understanding of the biosynthesis of anthracyclines, which has allowed generation of novel compound libraries by metabolic engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis. Coupled to the continued discovery of new congeners from rare Actinobacteria, a better understanding of the biology of Streptomyces and improved production methodologies, the stage is set for the development of novel anthracyclines that can finally surpass doxorubicin at the forefront of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy B Hulst
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thadee Grocholski
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jacques J C Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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3
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Hu Y, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Tang GL. Directed Biosynthesis of Iso-aclacinomycins with Improved Anticancer Activity. Org Lett 2020; 22:150-154. [PMID: 31829601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A four-enzyme catalyzed hydroxy regioisomerization of anthracycline was integrated into the biosynthetic pathway of aclacinomycin A (ALM-A), to generate a series of iso-ALMs via directed combinatorial biosynthesis combined with precursor-directed mutasynthesis. Most of the newly acquired iso-ALMs exhibit obviously (1-5-fold) improved antitumor activity. Therefore, we not only developed iso-ALMs with potential as clinical drugs but also demonstrated the utility of this tailoring tool for modification of anthracycline antibiotics in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai 200032 , China
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4
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Siitonen V, Nji Wandi B, Törmänen AP, Metsä-Ketelä M. Enzymatic Synthesis of the C-Glycosidic Moiety of Nogalamycin R. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2433-2437. [PMID: 30114358 PMCID: PMC6203184 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate moieties are essential for the biological activity of anthracycline anticancer agents such as nogalamycin, which contains l-nogalose and l-nogalamine units. The former of these is attached through a canonical O-glycosidic linkage, but the latter is connected via an unusual dual linkage composed of C-C and O-glycosidic bonds. In this work, we have utilized enzyme immobilization techniques and synthesized l-rhodosamine-thymidine diphosphate (TDP) from α-d-glucose-1-TDP using seven enzymes. In a second step, we assembled the dual linkage system by attaching the aminosugar to an anthracycline aglycone acceptor using the glycosyl transferase SnogD and the α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenase SnoK. Furthermore, our work indicates that the auxiliary P450-type protein SnogN facilitating glycosylation is surprisingly associated with attachment of the neutral sugar l-nogalose rather than the aminosugar l-nogalamine in nogalamycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilja Siitonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Benjamin Nji Wandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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5
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Adnani N, Chevrette MG, Adibhatla SN, Zhang F, Yu Q, Braun DR, Nelson J, Simpkins SW, McDonald BR, Myers CL, Piotrowski JS, Thompson CJ, Currie CR, Li L, Rajski SR, Bugni TS. Coculture of Marine Invertebrate-Associated Bacteria and Interdisciplinary Technologies Enable Biosynthesis and Discovery of a New Antibiotic, Keyicin. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:3093-3102. [PMID: 29121465 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and metabolomics have made clear in recent years that microbial biosynthetic capacities on Earth far exceed previous expectations. This is attributable, in part, to the realization that most microbial natural product (NP) producers harbor biosynthetic machineries not readily amenable to classical laboratory fermentation conditions. Such "cryptic" or dormant biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encode for a vast assortment of potentially new antibiotics and, as such, have become extremely attractive targets for activation under controlled laboratory conditions. We report here that coculturing of a Rhodococcus sp. and a Micromonospora sp. affords keyicin, a new and otherwise unattainable bis-nitroglycosylated anthracycline whose mechanism of action (MOA) appears to deviate from those of other anthracyclines. The structure of keyicin was elucidated using high resolution MS and NMR technologies, as well as detailed molecular modeling studies. Sequencing of the keyicin BGC (within the Micromonospora genome) enabled both structural and genomic comparisons to other anthracycline-producing systems informing efforts to characterize keyicin. The new NP was found to be selectively active against Gram-positive bacteria including both Rhodococcus sp. and Mycobacterium sp. E. coli-based chemical genomics studies revealed that keyicin's MOA, in contrast to many other anthracyclines, does not invoke nucleic acid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Adnani
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Marc G. Chevrette
- Department
of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department
of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Srikar N. Adibhatla
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Justin Nelson
- Bioinformatics
and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Scott W. Simpkins
- Bioinformatics
and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bradon R. McDonald
- Department
of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chad L. Myers
- Bioinformatics
and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | - Cameron R. Currie
- Department
of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Scott R. Rajski
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Salem SM, Weidenbach S, Rohr J. Two Cooperative Glycosyltransferases Are Responsible for the Sugar Diversity of Saquayamycins Isolated from Streptomyces sp. KY 40-1. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2529-2534. [PMID: 28892347 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of valuable natural products providing an excellent drug-tailoring tool. Herein, we report the identification of two cooperative glycosyltransferases from the sqn gene cluster directing the biosynthesis of saquayamycins in Streptomyces sp. KY40-1: SqnG1 and SqnG2. Gene inactivation of sqnG1 leads to 50-fold decrease in saquayamycin production, while inactivation of sqnG2 leads to complete production loss, suggesting that SqnG2 acts as dual O- and C-glycosyltransferase. Gene inactivation of a third putative glycosyltransferase-encoding gene, sqnG3, does not affect saquayamycin production in a major way, suggesting that SqnG3 has no or a supportive role in glycosylation. The data indicate that SqnG1 and SqnG2 are solely and possibly cooperatively responsible for the sugar diversity observed in saquayamycins 1-7. This is the first evidence of a glycosyltransferase system showing codependence to achieve dual O- and C-glycosyltransferase activity, utilizing NDP-activated d-olivose, l-rhodinose, as well as an unusual amino sugar, presumably 3,6-dideoxy-l-idosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Stevi Weidenbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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7
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Gui C, Mo X, Gu YC, Ju J. Elucidating the Sugar Tailoring Steps in the Cytorhodin Biosynthetic Pathway. Org Lett 2017; 19:5617-5620. [PMID: 28971684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline antitumor cytorhodins X and Y feature a rare 9α-glycoside and 7-dexoy-aglycone. Characterization of the cytorhodin gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 1666 through gene inactivations and metabolite analyses reveals three glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in the sugar tailoring steps. The duo of CytG1 and CytL effects C-7 glycosylation with l-rhodosamine whereas the iterative GT CytG3 and CytW similarly modifies both C-9 and C-10 positions. CytG2 also acts iteratively by incorporating the second and third sugar moiety into the trisaccharide chains at the C-7 or C-10 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 110039, China
| | - Xuhua Mo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 110039, China
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8
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Kim E, Song MC, Kim MS, Beom JY, Jung JA, Cho HS, Yoon YJ. One-Pot Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Glycosylated Anthracyclines by Cocultivation of Streptomyces Strains Producing Aglycones and Nucleotide Deoxysugars. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:262-270. [PMID: 28191923 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective anticancer drugs composed of a tetracyclic polyketide aglycone and one or more deoxysugar moieties, which play a critical role in their biological activity. A facile one-pot combinatorial biosynthetic system was developed for the generation of a range of glycosylated derivatives of anthracyclines. Cocultivation of Streptomyces venezuelae mutants producing two anthracycline aglycones with eight different nucleotide deoxysugar-producing S. venezuelae mutants that coexpress a substrate-flexible glycosyltransferase led to the generation of 16 aklavinone or ε-rhodomycinone glycosides containing diverse deoxysugar moieties, seven of which are new. This demonstrates the potential of the one-pot combinatorial biosynthetic system based on cocultivation as a facile biological tool capable of combining diverse aglycones and deoxysugars to generate structurally diverse polyketides carrying engineered sugars for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Chong Song
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoun Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Beom
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Jung
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Soo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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González A, Rodríguez M, Braña AF, Méndez C, Salas JA, Olano C. New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:56. [PMID: 27001601 PMCID: PMC4802897 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. Results Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. Conclusions The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure–activity relationships. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0452-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu González
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - Miriam Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - Alfredo F Braña
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - José A Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain.
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10
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Developing Streptomyces venezuelae as a cell factory for the production of small molecules used in drug discovery. Arch Pharm Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Liang DM, Liu JH, Wu H, Wang BB, Zhu HJ, Qiao JJ. Glycosyltransferases: mechanisms and applications in natural product development. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8350-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation reactions mainly catalyzed by glycosyltransferases (Gts) occur almost everywhere in the biosphere, and always play crucial roles in vital processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jia-Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bin-Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hong-Ji Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jian-Jun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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12
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Ma HM, Zhou Q, Tang YM, Zhang Z, Chen YS, He HY, Pan HX, Tang MC, Gao JF, Zhao SY, Igarashi Y, Tang GL. Unconventional origin and hybrid system for construction of pyrrolopyrrole moiety in kosinostatin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:796-805. [PMID: 23790490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kosinostatin (KST), an antitumor antibiotic, features a pyrrolopyrrole moiety spirally jointed to a five-membered ring of an anthraquinone framework glycosylated with a γ-branched octose. By a combination of in silico analysis, genetic characterization, biochemical assay, and precursor feeding experiments, a biosynthetic pathway for KST was proposed, which revealed (1) the pyrrolopyrrole moiety originates from nicotinic acid and ribose, (2) the bicyclic amidine is constructed by a process similar to the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, and (3) a discrete adenylation enzyme and a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) are responsible for producing a PCP-tethered building block parallel to type II polyketide synthase (PKS) rather than for the PKS priming step by providing the starter unit. These findings provide an opportunity to further explore the inexplicable enzymatic logic that governs the formation of pyrrolopyrrole moiety and the spirocyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Identification of the incednine biosynthetic gene cluster: characterization of novel β-glutamate-β-decarboxylase IdnL3. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:691-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Song MC, Kim E, Ban YH, Yoo YJ, Kim EJ, Park SR, Pandey RP, Sohng JK, Yoon YJ. Achievements and impacts of glycosylation reactions involved in natural product biosynthesis in prokaryotes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5691-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Li S, Xiao J, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Yang C, Zhang H, Ma L, Zhang C. Dissecting Glycosylation Steps in Lobophorin Biosynthesis Implies an Iterative Glycosyltransferase. Org Lett 2013; 15:1374-7. [PMID: 23432710 DOI: 10.1021/ol400342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunfang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Wu M, Meng Q, Ge M, Bai L, Zhou H. 2,3,6-Trideoxy sugar nucleotides: synthesis and stability. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Development of a Streptomyces venezuelae-based combinatorial biosynthetic system for the production of glycosylated derivatives of doxorubicin and its biosynthetic intermediates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4912-23. [PMID: 21602397 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02527-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, is composed of a tetracyclic polyketide aglycone and l-daunosamine as a deoxysugar moiety, which acts as an important determinant of its biological activity. This is exemplified by the fewer side effects of semisynthetic epirubicin (4'-epi-doxorubicin). An efficient combinatorial biosynthetic system that can convert the exogenous aglycone ε-rhodomycinone into diverse glycosylated derivatives of doxorubicin or its biosynthetic intermediates, rhodomycin D and daunorubicin, was developed through the use of Streptomyces venezuelae mutants carrying plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of different nucleotide deoxysugars and their transfer onto aglycone, as well as the postglycosylation modifications. This system improved epirubicin production from ε-rhodomycinone by selecting a substrate flexible glycosyltransferase, AknS, which was able to transfer the unnatural sugar donors and a TDP-4-ketohexose reductase, AvrE, which efficiently supported the biosynthesis of TDP-4-epi-l-daunosamine. Furthermore, a range of doxorubicin analogs containing diverse deoxysugar moieties, seven of which are novel rhodomycin D derivatives, were generated. This provides new insights into the functions of deoxysugar biosynthetic enzymes and demonstrates the potential of the S. venezuelae-based combinatorial biosynthetic system as a simple biological tool for modifying structurally complex sugar moieties attached to anthracyclines as an alternative to chemical syntheses for improving anticancer agents.
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Gantt RW, Peltier-Pain P, Thorson JS. Enzymatic methods for glyco(diversification/randomization) of drugs and small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1811-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Cloning of the biosynthetic gene cluster for naphthoxanthene antibiotic FD-594 from Streptomyces sp. TA-0256. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 64:123-32. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Malla S, Niraula NP, Liou K, Sohng JK. Enhancement of doxorubicin production by expression of structural sugar biosynthesis and glycosyltransferase genes in Streptomyces peucetius. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:92-8. [PMID: 19619853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To enhance doxorubicin (DXR) production, the structural sugar biosynthesis genes desIII and desIV from Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439 and the glycosyltransferase pair dnrS/dnrQ from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 were cloned into the expression vector pIBR25, which contains a strong ermE promoter. The recombinant plasmids pDnrS25 and pDnrQS25 were constructed for overexpression of dnrS and the dnrS/dnrQ pair, whereas pDesSD25 and pDesQS25 were constructed to express desIII/desIV and dnrS/dnrQ-desIII/desIV, respectively. All of these recombinant plasmids were introduced into S. peucetius ATCC 27952. The recombinant strains produced more DXR than the S. peucetius parental strain: a 1.2-fold increase with pDnrS25, a 2.8-fold increase with pDnrQS25, a 2.6-fold increase with pDesSD25, and a 5.6-fold increase with pDesQS25. This study showed that DXR production was significantly enhanced by overexpression of potential biosynthetic sugar genes and glycosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh Malla
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, #100 Kalsan-ri, Tangjeong-myeon, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea
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21
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Multiple reactivities of dithranol towards 1-alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes (CO)5MC(OEt)CCPh (M=Cr, W) – Efficient chemical synthesis of aromatic polyketides. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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23
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Thibodeaux C, Melançon C, Liu HW. Biosynthese von Naturstoffzuckern und enzymatische Glycodiversifizierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Niemi J, Metsä-Ketelä M, Schneider G, Mäntsälä P. Biosynthetic Anthracycline Variants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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25
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Thibodeaux CJ, Melançon CE, Liu HW. Natural-product sugar biosynthesis and enzymatic glycodiversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9814-59. [PMID: 19058170 PMCID: PMC2796923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biologically active small-molecule natural products produced by microorganisms derive their activities from sugar substituents. Changing the structures of these sugars can have a profound impact on the biological properties of the parent compounds. This realization has inspired attempts to derivatize the sugar moieties of these natural products through exploitation of the sugar biosynthetic machinery. This approach requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of each target sugar and detailed mechanistic knowledge of the key enzymes. Scientists have begun to unravel the biosynthetic logic behind the assembly of many glycosylated natural products and have found that a core set of enzyme activities is mixed and matched to synthesize the diverse sugar structures observed in nature. Remarkably, many of these sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases also exhibit relaxed substrate specificity. The promiscuity of these enzymes has prompted efforts to modify the sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products through metabolic pathway engineering and enzymatic glycodiversification. In applied biomedical research, these studies will enable the development of new glycosylation tools and generate novel glycoforms of secondary metabolites with useful biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Thibodeaux
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
| | - Charles E. Melançon
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
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26
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Thibodeaux CJ, Melançon CE, Liu HW. Natural-product sugar biosynthesis and enzymatic glycodiversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [PMID: 19058170 DOI: 10.1002/anie] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many biologically active small-molecule natural products produced by microorganisms derive their activities from sugar substituents. Changing the structures of these sugars can have a profound impact on the biological properties of the parent compounds. This realization has inspired attempts to derivatize the sugar moieties of these natural products through exploitation of the sugar biosynthetic machinery. This approach requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of each target sugar and detailed mechanistic knowledge of the key enzymes. Scientists have begun to unravel the biosynthetic logic behind the assembly of many glycosylated natural products and have found that a core set of enzyme activities is mixed and matched to synthesize the diverse sugar structures observed in nature. Remarkably, many of these sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases also exhibit relaxed substrate specificity. The promiscuity of these enzymes has prompted efforts to modify the sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products through metabolic pathway engineering and enzymatic glycodiversification. In applied biomedical research, these studies will enable the development of new glycosylation tools and generate novel glycoforms of secondary metabolites with useful biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thibodeaux
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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27
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Schell U, Haydock SF, Kaja AL, Carletti I, Lill RE, Read E, Sheehan LS, Low L, Fernandez MJ, Grolle F, McArthur HAI, Sheridan RM, Leadlay PF, Wilkinson B, Gaisser S. Engineered biosynthesis of hybrid macrolide polyketides containing d-angolosamine and d-mycaminose moieties. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3315-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b807914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Sattely ES, Fischbach MA, Walsh CT. Total biosynthesis: in vitro reconstitution of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:757-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b801747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Anthracycline Biosynthesis: Genes, Enzymes and Mechanisms. ANTHRACYCLINE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY I 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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