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Jacinto MP, Heidenreich D, Müller S, Greenberg MM. Covalent Modification of Bromodomain Proteins by Peptides Containing a DNA Damage-Induced, Histone Post-Translational Modification. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200373. [PMID: 36173930 PMCID: PMC9675715 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An electrophilic 5-methylene-2-pyrrolone modification (KMP ) is produced at lysine residues of histone proteins in nucleosome core particles upon reaction with a commonly formed DNA lesion (C4-AP). The nonenzymatic KMP modification is also generated in the histones of HeLa cells treated with the antitumor agent, bleomycin that oxidizes DNA and forms C4-AP. This nonenzymatic covalent histone modification has the same charge as the N-acetyllysine (KAc ) modification but is more electrophilic. In this study we show that KMP -containing histone peptides are recognized by, and covalently modify bromodomain proteins that are KAc readers. Distinct selectivity preferences for covalent bromodomain modification are observed following incubation with KMP -containing peptides of different sequence. MS/MS analysis of 3 covalently modified bromodomain proteins confirmed that Cys adduction was selective. The modified Cys was not always proximal to the KAc binding site, indicating that KMP -containing peptide interaction with bromodomain protein is distinct from the former. Analysis of protein adduction yields as a function of bromodomain pH at which the protein charge is zero (pI) or cysteine solvent accessible surface area are also consistent with non-promiscuous interaction between the proteins and electrophilic peptides. These data suggest that intracellular formation of KMP could affect cellular function and viability by modifying proteins that regulate genetic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolo Jacinto
- Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Singh V, Fedeles BI, Li D, Delaney JC, Kozekov ID, Kozekova A, Marnett LJ, Rizzo CJ, Essigmann JM. Mechanism of repair of acrolein- and malondialdehyde-derived exocyclic guanine adducts by the α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II) dioxygenase AlkB. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1619-31. [PMID: 25157679 PMCID: PMC4164229 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
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The
structurally related exocyclic guanine adducts α-hydroxypropano-dG
(α-OH-PdG), γ-hydroxypropano-dG (γ-OH-PdG), and
M1dG are formed when DNA is exposed to the reactive aldehydes
acrolein and malondialdehyde (MDA). These lesions are believed to
form the basis for the observed cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of acrolein
and MDA. In an effort to understand the enzymatic pathways and chemical
mechanisms that are involved in the repair of acrolein- and MDA-induced
DNA damage, we investigated the ability of the DNA repair enzyme AlkB,
an α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II) dependent dioxygenase, to process
α-OH-PdG, γ-OH-PdG, and M1dG in both single-
and double-stranded DNA contexts. By monitoring the repair reactions
using quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry, it was
established that AlkB can oxidatively dealkylate γ-OH-PdG most
efficiently, followed by M1dG and α-OH-PdG. The AlkB
repair mechanism involved multiple intermediates and complex, overlapping
repair pathways. For example, the three exocyclic guanine adducts
were shown to be in equilibrium with open-ring aldehydic forms, which
were trapped using (pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) or NaBH4. AlkB repaired the trapped open-ring form of γ-OH-PdG
but not the trapped open-ring of α-OH-PdG. Taken together, this
study provides a detailed mechanism by which three-carbon bridge exocyclic
guanine adducts can be processed by AlkB and suggests an important
role for the AlkB family of dioxygenases in protecting against the
deleterious biological consequences of acrolein and MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipender Singh
- Departments of Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, and §Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Petrova KV, Millsap AD, Stec DF, Rizzo CJ. Characterization of the deoxyguanosine-lysine cross-link of methylglyoxal. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1019-29. [PMID: 24801980 PMCID: PMC4060920 DOI: 10.1021/tx500068v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is a mutagenic bis-electrophile that is produced endogenously from carbohydrate precursors. Methylglyoxal has been reported to induce DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) in vitro and in cultured cells. Previous work suggests that these cross-links are formed between guanine and either lysine or cysteine side chains. However, the chemical nature of the methylglyoxal induced DPC have not been determined. We have examined the reaction of methylglyoxal, deoxyguanosine (dGuo), and Nα-acetyllysine (AcLys) and determined the structure of the cross-link to be the N2-ethyl-1-carboxamide with the lysine side chain amino group (1). The cross-link was identified by mass spectrometry and the structure confirmed by comparison to a synthetic sample. Further, the cross-link between methylglyoxal, dGuo, and a peptide (AcAVAGKAGAR) was also characterized. The mechanism of cross-link formation is likely to involve an Amadori rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya V Petrova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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4
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Shuck SC, Rose KL, Marnett LJ. Mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of nucleoside-protein cross-links: application to oxopropenyl-deoxyadenosine. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 27:136-46. [PMID: 24359270 DOI: 10.1021/tx400384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic DNA adducts produced following oxidative stress can form DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs), dramatically altering genomic maintenance pathways. Complete characterization of DPCs has been hindered, in part, because of a lack of comprehensive techniques for their analysis. We have, therefore, established a proteomics approach to investigate sites of cross-link formation using N(6)-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (OPdA), an electrophilic DNA adduct produced from oxidative stress. OPdA was reacted with albumin and reduced with NaBH4 to stabilize DPCs. Using LC-MS/MS proteomics techniques, high-resolution peptide sequence data were obtained; however, using a database searching strategy, adducted peptides were only identified in samples subjected to chemical depurination. This strategy revealed multiple oxopropenyl adenine-lysine adducts and oxopropenyl-lysine adducts with the most reactive lysines identified to be Lys256 and Lys548. Manual interrogation of the mass spectral data provided evidence of OPdA deoxynucleoside conjugates to lysines and cross-links that underwent facile collision-induced dissociation to release an unmodified peptide without subsequent fragmentation. These fragmentations precluded adduct detection and peptide sequencing using database searching methods. Thus, comprehensive analysis of DPCs requires chemical depurination of DNA-protein reaction mixtures followed by a combination of database-dependent and manual interrogation of LC-MS/MS data using higher-energy collision-induced dissociation. In the present case, this approach revealed that OPdA selectively modifies surface lysine residues and produces nucleoside-protein cross-links and oxopropenyl lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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5
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Carrette LL, Morii T, Madder A. Toxicity Inspired Cross-Linking for Probing DNA–Peptide Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:2008-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400327q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot L.G. Carrette
- Organic
and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic
and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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6
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Maddukuri L, Shuck SC, Eoff RL, Zhao L, Rizzo CJ, Guengerich FP, Marnett LJ. Replication, repair, and translesion polymerase bypass of N⁶-oxopropenyl-2'-deoxyadenosine. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8766-76. [PMID: 24171480 DOI: 10.1021/bi401103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress products malondialdehyde and base propenal react with DNA bases forming the adduction products 3-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) and N(6)-(oxypropenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (OPdA). M1dG is mutagenic in vivo and miscodes in vitro, but little work has been done on OPdA. To improve our understanding of the effect of OPdA on polymerase activity and mutagenicity, we evaluated the ability of the translesion DNA polymerases hPols η, κ, and ι to bypass OPdA in vitro. hPols η and κ inserted dNTPs opposite the lesion and extended the OPdA-modified primer to the terminus. hPol ι inserted dNTPs opposite OPdA but failed to fully extend the primer. Steady-state kinetic analysis indicated that these polymerases preferentially insert dTTP opposite OPdA, although less efficiently than opposite dA. Minimal incorrect base insertion was observed for all polymerases, and dCTP was the primary mis-insertion event. Examining replicative and repair polymerases revealed little effect of OPdA on the Sulfolobus solfataricus polymerase Dpo1 or the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase displayed a reduced level of OPdA bypass compared to unmodified DNA, and OPdA nearly completely blocked the activity of base excision repair polymerase hPol β. This work demonstrates that bypass of OPdA is generally error-free, modestly decreases the catalytic activity of most polymerases, and blocks hPol β polymerase activity. Although mis-insertion opposite OPdA is relatively weak, the efficiency of bypass may introduce A → G transitions observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Maddukuri
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, †Department of Biochemistry, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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7
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Tu CY, Chen YF, Lii CK, Wang TS. Methylglyoxal induces DNA crosslinks in ECV304 cells via a reactive oxygen species-independent protein carbonylation pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Pluskota-Karwatka D, Matysiak D, Makarewicz M, Kronberg L. Reactivity of the Malonaldehyde-Glyoxal and Malonaldehyde-Methylglyoxal Adducts of Adenine Nucleosides toward Amino Acid Cross-Link Formation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Huang H, Wang H, Voehler MW, Kozekova A, Rizzo CJ, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS, Stone MP. γ-Hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA adduct conjugates the N-terminal amine of the KWKK peptide via a carbinolamine linkage. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1123-33. [PMID: 21561113 PMCID: PMC3138414 DOI: 10.1021/tx200113n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The γ-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct (γ-OH-PdG) was introduced into 5'-d(GCTAGCXAGTCC)-3'·5'-d(GGACTCGCTAGC)-3' (X = γ-OH-PdG). In the presence of excess peptide KWKK, (13)C isotope-edited NMR revealed the formation of two spectroscopically distinct DNA-KWKK conjugates. These involved the reaction of the KWKK N-terminal amino group with the N(2)-dG propylaldehyde tautomer of the γ-OH-PdG lesion. The guanine N1 base imino resonance at the site of conjugation was observed in isotope-edited (15)N NMR experiments, suggesting that the conjugated guanine was inserted into the duplex and that the guanine imino proton was protected from exchange with water. The conjugates could be reduced in the presence of NaCNBH(3), suggesting that they existed, in part, as imine (Schiff base) linkages. However, (13)C isotope-edited NMR failed to detect the imine linkages, suggesting that these KWKK conjugates existed predominantly as diastereomeric carbinolamines, in equilibrium with trace amounts of the imines. The structures of the diastereomeric DNA-KWKK conjugates were predicted from potential energy minimization of model structures derived from the refined structure of the fully reduced cross-link [ Huang, H., Kozekov, I. D., Kozekova, A., Rizzo, C. J., McCullough, A., Lloyd, R. S., and Stone, M. P. ( 2010 ) Biochemistry , 49 , 6155 -6164 ]. Molecular dynamics calculations carried out in explicit solvent suggested that the conjugate bearing the S-carbinolamine linkage was the major species due to its potential for intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These carbinolamine DNA-KWKK conjugates thermally stabilized duplex DNA. However, the DNA-KWKK conjugates were chemically reversible and dissociated when the DNA was denatured. In this 5'-CpX-3' sequence, the DNA-KWKK conjugates slowly converted to interstrand N(2)-dG:N(2)-dG DNA cross-links and ring-opened γ-OH-PdG derivatives over a period of weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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10
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Bono R, Romanazzi V, Munnia A, Piro S, Allione A, Ricceri F, Guarrera S, Pignata C, Matullo G, Wang P, Giese RW, Peluso M. Malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct formation in workers of pathology wards: the role of air formaldehyde exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 23:1342-8. [PMID: 20707408 DOI: 10.1021/tx100083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is an ubiquitous pollutant to which humans are exposed. Pathologists can experience high formaldehyde exposure levels. Formaldehyde-among other properties-induce oxidative stress and free radicals, which react with DNA and lipids, leading to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. We measured the levels of air-formaldehyde exposure in a group of Italian pathologists and controls. We analyzed the effect of formaldehyde exposure on leukocyte malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adducts (M(1)-dG), a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. We studied the relationship between air-formaldehyde and M(1)-dG adducts. Air-formaldehyde levels were measured by personal air samplers. M(1)-dG adducts were analyzed by a (32)P-postlabeling assay. Reduction room pathologists were significantly exposed to air-formaldehyde with respect to controls and to the pathologists working in other laboratory areas (p < 0.001). A significant difference for M(1)-dG adducts between exposed pathologists and controls was found (p = 0.045). The effect becomes stronger when the evaluation of air-formaldehyde exposure was based on personal samplers (p = 0.018). Increased M(1)dG adduct levels were only found in individuals exposed to air-formaldehyde concentrations higher than 66 microg/m(3). When the exposed workers and controls were subgrouped according to smoking, M(1)-dG tended to increase in all of the subjects, but a significant association between M(1)-dG and air-formaldehyde was only found in nonsmokers (p = 0.009). Air-formaldehyde played a role positive but not significant (r = 0.355, p = 0.075, Pearson correlation) in the formation of M(1)-dG, only in nonsmokers. Working in the reduction rooms and exposure to air-formaldehyde concentrations higher than 66 microg/m(3) are associated with increased levels of M(1)-dG adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bono
- Department Of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin, Italy.
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Peluso M, Munnia A, Risso GG, Catarzi S, Piro S, Ceppi M, Giese RW, Brancato B. Breast fine-needle aspiration malondialdehyde deoxyguanosine adduct in breast cancer. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:477-82. [PMID: 21250785 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.549485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study has analysed the generation of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine adduct [M₁dG], a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, in breast fine-needle aspirate samples of 22 patients with breast cancer, at different clinical stages, in respect to 13 controls. The multivariate analysis show that M(1)dG adduct was higher in cases than in controls (Mean Ratio (MR) = 5.26, 95% CI = 3.16-8.77). Increased M₁dG was observed in women with a tumour grade 3 and a pathological diameter 2 (MR = 7.61, 95% CI = 3.91-14.80 and MR = 5.75, 95% CI = 3.13-10.59, respectively). A trend with increasing tumour grade and pathological diameter was present (MR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.57-2.50 and MR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.71-3.48, respectively). Not significant effects of age and smoking habit were found (MR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.92-2.72 and MR = 1.68, 95% CI 0.88-3.20, respectively). An increment over the background frequency of M₁dG can contribute to breast cancer development. Increasing severity of breast tumour can influence DNA damage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
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12
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Cline SD, Lodeiro MF, Marnett LJ, Cameron CE, Arnold JJ. Arrest of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription by the biological aldehyde adduct of DNA, M1dG. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:7546-57. [PMID: 20671026 PMCID: PMC2995074 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological aldehydes, malondialdehyde and base propenal, react with DNA to form a prevalent guanine adduct, M1dG. The exocyclic ring of M1dG opens to the acyclic N2-OPdG structure when paired with C but remains closed in single-stranded DNA or when mispaired with T. M1dG is a target of nucleotide excision repair (NER); however, NER is absent in mitochondria. An in vitro transcription system with purified human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and transcription factors, mtTFA and mtTFB2, was used to determine the effect of M1dG on POLRMT elongation. DNA templates contained a single adduct opposite either C or T downstream of either the light-strand (LSP) or heavy-strand (HSP1) promoter for POLRMT. M1dG in the transcribed strand arrested 60–90% POLRMT elongation complexes with greater arrest by the adduct when opposite T. POLRMT was more sensitive to N2-OPdG and M1dG after initiation at LSP, which suggests promoter-specific differences in the function of POLRMT complexes. A closed-ring analog of M1dG, PdG, blocked ≥95% of transcripts originating from either promoter regardless of base pairing, and the transcripts remained associated with POLRMT complexes after stalling at the adduct. This work suggests that persistent M1dG adducts in mitochondrial DNA hinder the transcription of mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Cline
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Mercer, GA 31207, USA.
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Pitié M, Pratviel G. Activation of DNA Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds by Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1018-59. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pitié
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Huang H, Wang H, Lloyd RS, Rizzo CJ, Stone MP. Conformational interconversion of the trans-4-hydroxynonenal-derived (6S,8R,11S) 1,N(2)-deoxyguanosine adduct when mismatched with deoxyadenosine in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:187-200. [PMID: 19053179 DOI: 10.1021/tx800320m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The (6S,8R,11S) 1,N(2)-HNE-dGuo adduct of trans-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) was incorporated into the duplex 5'-d(GCTAGCXAGTCC)-3'.5'-d(GGACTAGCTAGC)-3' [X = (6S,8R,11S) HNE-dG], in which the lesion was mismatched opposite dAdo. The (6S,8R,11S) adduct maintained the ring-closed 1,N(2)-HNE-dG structure. This was in contrast to when this adduct was correctly paired with dCyd, conditions under which it underwent ring opening and rearrangement to diastereomeric minor groove cyclic hemiacetals [ Huang , H. , Wang , H. , Qi , N. , Lloyd , R. S. , Harris , T. M. , Rizzo , C. J. , and Stone , M. P. ( 2008 ) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 , 10898 - 10906 ]. The (6S,8R,11S) adduct exhibited a syn/anti conformational equilibrium about the glycosyl bond. The syn conformation was predominant in acidic solution. Structural analysis of the syn conformation revealed that X(7) formed a distorted base pair with the complementary protonated A(18). The HNE moiety was located in the major groove. Structural perturbations were observed at the neighbor C(6).G(19) and A(8).T(17) base pairs. At basic pH, the anti conformation of X(7) was the major species. The 1,N(2)-HNE-dG intercalated and displaced the complementary A(18) in the 5'-direction, resulting in a bulge at the X(7).A(18) base pair. The HNE aliphatic chain was oriented toward the minor groove. The Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding of the neighboring A(8).T(17) base pair was also disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Center for Structural Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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VanderVeen LA, Harris TM, Jen-Jacobson L, Marnett LJ. Formation of DNA-protein cross-links between gamma-hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine and EcoRI. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1733-8. [PMID: 18690724 PMCID: PMC2651693 DOI: 10.1021/tx800092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of acrolein, an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde produced during lipid peroxidation, is attributable to its high reactivity toward DNA and cellular proteins. The major acrolein-DNA adduct, gamma-hydroxypropano-2'-deoxyguanosine (gamma-HOPdG), ring opens to form a reactive N(2)-oxopropyl moiety that cross-links to DNA and proteins. We demonstrate the ability of gamma-HOPdG in a duplex oligonucleotide to cross-link to a protein (EcoRI) that specifically interacts with DNA at a unique sequence. The formation of a cross-link to EcoRI was dependent on the intimate binding of the enzyme to its gamma-HOPdG-modified recognition site. Interestingly, the cross-link did not restrict the ability of EcoRI to cleave DNA substrates. However, stabilization of the cross-link by reduction of the Schiff base linkage resulted in loss of enzyme activity. This work indicates that the gamma-HOPdG-EcoRI cross-link is in equilibrium with free oligonucleotide and enzyme. Reversal of cross-link formation allows EcoRI to effect enzymatic cleavage of competitor oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A VanderVeen
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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