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Deng Y, Long G, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38429259 PMCID: PMC10907585 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale. A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales, such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale, or in a more practical perspective, how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic material. Light-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation, which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic systems. With several reviews that focus on the design, synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale, photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively summarized. In the present review, we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on surfaces. Secondly, examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are illustrated. Moreover, we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive functions. Finally, a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is given. This review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented, which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Yao Y, Deng Y, Kong L, Au-Yeung HY. Efficient Copper(I) Extraction by Ethylenediamine from Stable Catenane Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Deng
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry BuildingPokfulam Road NA Hong Kong HONG KONG
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3
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Kawasaki Y, Rashid S, Ikeyatsu K, Mutoh Y, Yoshigoe Y, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I, Hosoya S, Saito S. Conformational Control of [2]Rotaxane by Hydrogen Bond. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5744-5759. [PMID: 35389647 PMCID: PMC9087201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of [2]rotaxanes with various functional groups in the axle component was synthesized by the oxidative dimerization of alkynes, which is mediated by a macrocyclic phenanthroline-Cu complex. The rotaxanes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the structure of a rotaxane was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The interaction between the ring component and the axle component was studied in detail to understand the conformation of the rotaxanes. The presence of the hydrogen bond between the phenanthroline moiety in the macrocyclic component and the acidic proton in the axle component influenced the conformation of rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Showkat Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ikeyatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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5
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Cametti M, Valkonen A, Rissanen K. Entrapment of a linear water pentamer into a uranyl-salophen dimer in the solid state. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1632458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cametti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering"Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Hewson
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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7
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Hu C, Ma N, Zhang G, Liu Q. Copper(I)-catalyzed benzylic C(sp3)–H geminal difunctionalization: Successive oxidative intramolecular amidation and hydroxylation. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Kimura M, Miyashita J, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki T, Takaya H, Tokunaga Y. Recognition Behavior of a Porphyrin Heterodimer Self-Assembled through an Amidinium-Carboxylate Salt Bridge. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Jyunichi Miyashita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507 Japan
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9
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Trolez Y, Finke AD, Silvestri F, Monti F, Ventura B, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Schweizer WB, Sauvage JP, Armaroli N, Diederich F. Unconventional Synthesis of a CuI
Rotaxane with a Superacceptor Stopper: Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics and Near-Infrared Luminescence. Chemistry 2018; 24:10422-10433. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Trolez
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fabio Silvestri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaire; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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10
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Fujino T, Naitoh H, Miyagawa S, Kimura M, Kawasaki T, Yoshida K, Inoue H, Takagawa H, Tokunaga Y. Formation of [2]- and [3]Rotaxanes through Bridging under Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control. Org Lett 2018; 20:369-372. [PMID: 29283267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a doubly stranded [3]rotaxane has been developed through bridging of a pseudo[3]rotaxane featuring two axle components. Reversible azine formation was effective as the bridging reaction. Kinetic and thermodynamic conditions provided the [2]- and [3]rotaxanes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fujino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui , Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hirotake Naitoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui , Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui , Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui , Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yoshida
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Fukui Prefectural Police Headquarters , Ohte, Fukui 910-8515, Japan
| | - Hajime Inoue
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Fukui Prefectural Police Headquarters , Ohte, Fukui 910-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takagawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Fukui Prefectural Police Headquarters , Ohte, Fukui 910-8515, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui , Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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11
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Barendt TA, Ferreira L, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Anion- and Solvent-Induced Rotary Dynamics and Sensing in a Perylene Diimide [3]Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9026-9037. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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12
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Mondal P, Rath SP. A Tunable Cyclic Container: Guest-Induced Conformational Switching, Efficient Guest Exchange, and Selective Isolation of C70
from a Fullerene Mixture. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1824-1835. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
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13
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Farahani N, Zhu K, O'Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Thermally Driven Dynamics of a Rotaxane Wheel about an Imidazolium Axle inside a Metal-Organic Framework. Chempluschem 2016; 81:836-841. [PMID: 31968814 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanically interlocked molecular linker was prepared by using ring-closing metathesis (Grubbs I) to clip a [24]crown-6 ether wheel around an axle containing both Y-shaped diphenylimidazole and isophthalic acid groups. A metal-organic framework (MOF) material was prepared using this linker and ZnII ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the MOF contains an imidazolium-based rotaxane linked by dimeric [Zn2 (NO3 )(DEF)] secondary building units (SBUs). Variable-temperature (VT), 2 H solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the motion of the "soft" wheel component around the rigid "hard" lattice of the framework. At higher temperatures (above 150 °C), it was demonstrated that the 24-membered, macrocyclic ring of the MOF undergoes rapid, thermally driven rotation about the axle inside the voids of the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Farahani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher A O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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14
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Zhang Q, Qu DH. Artificial Molecular Machine Immobilized Surfaces: A New Platform To Construct Functional Materials. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1759-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
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15
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Hu WB, Hu WJ, Liu YA, Li JS, Jiang B, Wen K. Multicavity macrocyclic hosts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12130-12142. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multicavity macrocyclic hosts are host molecules comprising more than one macrocyclic guest binding components connected through multipoint linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Hu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201210
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Yahu A. Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Jiu-Sheng Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Ke Wen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201210
- China
- School of Physical Science and Technology
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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17
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Mondal P, Rath SP. Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Picric Acid Explosive by a Bisporphyrin Cleft: Synergistic Effects of Encapsulation, Efficient Electron Transfer, and Hydrogen Bonding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Mondal P, Rath SP. Efficient Host-Guest Complexation of a Bisporphyrin Host with Electron Deficient Guests: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Sun N, Xiao X, Liu C, Chen C, Jiang J. An unprecedented porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid ditopic receptor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid host compound with a ditopic receptor nature was synthesized for the first time, which combines a neutral 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane guest by means of its two active centers to form a stable supramolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
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22
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Saha S, Santra S, Akhuli B, Ghosh P. [2]Rotaxane with Multiple Functional Groups. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11170-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502235z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Bidyut Akhuli
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Abstract
CONSPECTUS: More than two decades of investigating the chemistry of bistable mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as rotaxanes and catenanes, has led to the advent of numerous molecular switches that express controlled translational or circumrotational movement on the nanoscale. Directed motion at this scale is an essential feature of many biomolecular assemblies known as molecular machines, which carry out essential life-sustaining functions of the cell. It follows that the use of bistable MIMs as artificial molecular machines (AMMs) has been long anticipated. This objective is rarely achieved, however, because of challenges associated with coupling the directed motions of mechanical switches with other systems on which they can perform work. A natural source of inspiration for designing AMMs is muscle tissue, since it is a material that relies on the hierarchical organization of molecular machines (myosin) and filaments (actin) to produce the force and motion that underpin locomotion, circulation, digestion, and many other essential life processes in humans and other animals. Muscle is characterized at both microscopic and macroscopic length scales by its ability to generate forces that vary the distance between two points at the expense of chemical energy. Artificial muscles that mimic this ability are highly sought for applications involving the transduction of mechanical energy. Rotaxane-based molecular switches are excellent candidates for artificial muscles because their architectures intrinsically possess movable filamentous molecular components. In this Account, we describe (i) the different types of rotaxane "molecular muscle" architectures that express contractile and extensile motion, (ii) the molecular recognition motifs and corresponding stimuli that have been used to actuate them, and (iii) the progress made on integrating and scaling up these motions for potential applications. We identify three types of rotaxane muscles, namely, "daisy chain", "press", and "cage" rotaxanes, and discuss their mechanical actuation driven by ions, pH, light, solvents, and redox stimuli. Different applications of these rotaxane-based molecular muscles are possible at various length scales. On a molecular level, they have been harnessed to create adjustable receptors and to control electronic communication between chemical species. On the mesoscale, they have been incorporated into artificial muscle materials that amplify their concerted motions and forces, making future applications at macroscopic length scales look feasible. We emphasize how rotaxanes constitute a remarkably versatile platform for directing force and motion, owing to the wide range of stimuli that can be used to actuate them and their diverse modes of mechanical switching as dictated by the stereochemistry of their mechanical bonds, that is, their mechanostereochemistry. We hope that this Account will serve as an exposition that sets the stage for new applications and materials that exploit the capabilities of rotaxanes to transduce mechanical energy and help in paving the path going forward to genuine AMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
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Durot S, Taesch J, Heitz V. Multiporphyrinic cages: architectures and functions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8542-78. [PMID: 25026396 DOI: 10.1021/cr400673y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 , 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Cu(I)/Zn2+ exchange has no geometrical effect in a cyclic [4]rotaxane whereas it induces rearrangement in a simpler [3]rotaxane. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gourlaouen C, Daniel C, Durola F, Frey J, Heitz V, Sauvage JP, Ventura B, Flamigni L. NIR Dual Luminescence from an Extended Porphyrin. Spectroscopy, Photophysics and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3616-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5033383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Fabien Durola
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Frey
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR-7177 CNRS-UdS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Lucia Flamigni
- Istituto ISOF-CNR, via P. Gobetti
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Coronado E, Gaviña P, Ponce J, Tatay S. Fast Pirouetting Motion in a Pyridine Bisamine-Containing Copper-Complexed Rotaxane. Chemistry 2014; 20:6939-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Durot S, Heitz V, Sour A, Sauvage JP. Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes: From Dynamic Systems to Functional Molecular Machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 354:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Durola F, Heitz V, Reviriego F, Roche C, Sauvage JP, Sour A, Trolez Y. Cyclic [4]rotaxanes containing two parallel porphyrinic plates: toward switchable molecular receptors and compressors. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:633-45. [PMID: 24428574 DOI: 10.1021/ar4002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, researchers considered the synthesis of simple rotaxanes a challenging task, but with the rapid development of this field, chemists now view these interlocking molecules as accessible synthetic targets. In a major advance for the field, researchers have developed transition metals or organic molecules as templating structures, making it easier to construct these molecular systems. In addition, chemists have found ways to introduce new functional groups, which have given these compounds new properties. Today researchers can also construct multirotaxanes consisting of several individual components, but the synthesis of the most complex structures remains challenging. This Account primarily discusses the cyclic [4]rotaxanes incorporating porphyrins that the Strasbourg group has synthesized and studied during the past few years. These cyclic [4]rotaxanes consist of two rigid rods threaded through the four rings of two molecules of a bis-macrocycle, and the synthetic strategy used for making them relies on the copper(I)-driven "gathering-and-threading" reaction. The formation of the threaded precursors was mostly quantitative, and the quadruple stoppering reaction leading to the target compound produces high yields because of the efficient copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) or click chemistry reaction. These rotaxanes behave as receptors for various ditopic guests. We prepared and studied two types of molecules: (i) a rigid compound whose copper(I) complex has a well-defined shape, with high selectivity for the guest geometry and (ii) a much more flexible [4]rotaxane host that could act as a distensible receptor. The rigid [4]rotaxane was crystallized, affording a spectacular X-ray structure that matched the expected chemical structure. In addition, metalation or demetalation of the rigid [4]rotaxane induces a drastic geometric rearrangement. The metal-free compound is flat without a binding pocket, while the copper-complexed species forms a rectangle-like structure. The removal of copper(I) also expels any complexed guest molecule, and this process is reversible, making the rigid porphyrinic [4]rotaxane a switchable receptor. The rigid [4]rotaxane was highly selective for short, ditopic guests in its copper(I)-complexed form, but the flexible copper(I)-complexed [4]rotaxane proved to be a versatile receptor. Its conformation can adjust to the size of the guest molecule similar to the induced fit mechanism that some enzymes employ with substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Durola
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yann Trolez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Xu L, Li Y, Li Y. Application of “Click” Chemistry to the Construction of Supramolecular Functional Systems. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Saha S, Santra S, Ghosh P. Cu
II
‐Templated Threading of a Bis‐amide‐tris‐amine Macrocycle by Substituted 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Derivatives Assisted by Strong π–π Stacking and Second‐Sphere H‐Bonding Interactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
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Wierzbicki M, Gilski M, Rissanen K, Jaskólski M, Szumna A. Experiences with applications of macromolecular tools in supramolecular crystallography. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cîrcu M, Soran A, Hădade ND, Rednic M, Terec A, Grosu I. Cryptands with 1,3,5-tris(1',3'-dioxan-2'-yl)-benzene units: synthesis and structural investigations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8722-9. [PMID: 23924384 DOI: 10.1021/jo401432y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various cryptands based on 1,3-dioxane decorated 1,3,5-trisubstituted-benzene building blocks, connected by different chains (exhibiting ester, ether, or triazol groups) to several units with C3 symmetry, are reported. The structure of the compounds was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, and MS. The role of the 1,3-dioxane units was targeted to ensure the preorganization of the substrate for the macrocyclization reactions on one side, and for easier NMR assignment of the structure of the cryptands on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cîrcu
- Center of Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România
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Joosten A, Trolez Y, Heitz V, Sauvage JP. Use of cleavable coordinating rings as protective groups in the synthesis of a rotaxane with an axis that incorporates more chelating groups than threaded macrocycles. Chemistry 2013; 19:12815-23. [PMID: 23934923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology allowing preparation of a linear "unsaturated" [3]rotaxane consisting of an axis incorporating more coordination sites than threaded rings was developed. It was based on the preliminary synthesis of a "saturated" [5]rotaxane consisting of a four-chelating site axis threaded through four macrocyclic components, two of them being cleavable rings incorporating a lactone function and the two others being "secure" non-cleavable rings. The stoppering reaction was based on click chemistry. Subsequently, cleavage and removal of the two lactone-containing macrocycles from the [5]rotaxane in basic medium afforded the desired "unsaturated" [3]rotaxane in quantitative yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Joosten
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg-Cedex (France)
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35
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Le Gac S, Najjari B, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Fusaro L, Luhmer M, Furet E, Halet JF, Boitrel B. Acid-Base-Controlled Stereoselective Metalation of Overhanging Carboxylic Acid Porphyrins: Consequences for the Formation of Heterobimetallic Complexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11021-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cook TR, Zheng YR, Stang PJ. Metal-organic frameworks and self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes: comparing and contrasting the design, synthesis, and functionality of metal-organic materials. Chem Rev 2013; 113:734-77. [PMID: 23121121 PMCID: PMC3764682 DOI: 10.1021/cr3002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2123] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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Yamada Y, Okada MA, Tanaka K. Repetitive stepwise rotaxane formation toward programmable molecular arrays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11053-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Glen PE, O'Neill JA, Lee AL. Synthesis of a C1-symmetric Box macrocycle and studies towards active-template synthesis of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamada Y, Mihara N, Tanaka K. Synthesis of a hetero-dinuclear metal complex in a porphyrin/phthalocyanine four-fold rotaxane. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15873-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Basuray AN, de Rouville HPJ, Hartlieb KJ, Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Beyond Perylene Diimides-Diazaperopyrenium Dications as Chameleonic Nanoscale Building Blocks. Chem Asian J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Martí I, Rubio J, Bolte M, Burguete MI, Vicent C, Quesada R, Alfonso I, Luis SV. Tuning Chloride Binding, Encapsulation, and Transport by Peripheral Substitution of Pseudopeptidic Tripodal Small Cages. Chemistry 2012; 18:16728-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Nefedov SE, Tsivadze AY, Sauvage JP. Synthesis and Copper(I)-Driven Disaggregation of a Zinc-Complexed Phthalocyanine Bearing Four Lateral Coordinating Rings. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Yu G, Zhang Z, He J, Abliz Z, Huang F. Cavity-Extended Pillar[5]arenes: Syntheses and Host-Guest Complexation with Paraquat and Bispyridinium Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Ventura B, Flamigni L, Collin JP, Durola F, Heitz V, Reviriego F, Sauvage JP, Trolez Y. NIR emission of cyclic [4]rotaxanes containing π-extended porphyrin chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10589-94. [PMID: 22760059 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a Cu(I) [4]rotaxane 4(4+) and of the demetalated [4]rotaxane 3 have been determined and compared to those of the component Zn porphyrin 2. All samples emit in the NIR region (700-1200 nm). The luminescence from the interlocked structures is bathochromically shifted with respect to 2 and displays a lower emission quantum yield, much lower for 4(4+) than for 3. The occurrence of intra-molecular electron or energy transfer is excluded and the decrease in luminescence yield is discussed in terms of the energy gap law and of electronic interactions between components of the cyclic interlocked structure. In toluene a dual emission behavior, similar to that of 2, is observed for 3 and ascribed to the presence of two non-equilibrated excited states, π-π* and CT in nature with lifetimes of 0.80 and 0.14 ns, respectively.
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46
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White NG, Beer PD. A catenane host system containing integrated triazole C-H hydrogen bond donors for anion recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8499-501. [PMID: 22806349 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 3,5-bis(triazole)-pyridinium motif is integrated into a catenane structural framework via chloride anion templation. The catenane host system displays a high degree of selectivity for halide anions over dihydrogen phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G White
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QR
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Ariga K, Ito H, Hill JP, Tsukube H. Molecular recognition: from solution science to nano/materials technology. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5800-35. [PMID: 22773130 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the 25 years since its Nobel Prize in chemistry, supramolecular chemistry based on molecular recognition has been paid much attention in scientific and technological fields. Nanotechnology and the related areas seek breakthrough methods of nanofabrication based on rational organization through assembly of constituent molecules. Advanced biochemistry, medical applications, and environmental and energy technologies also depend on the importance of specific interactions between molecules. In those current fields, molecular recognition is now being re-evaluated. In this review, we re-examine current trends in molecular recognition from the viewpoint of the surrounding media, that is (i) the solution phase for development of basic science and molecular design advances; (ii) at nano/materials interfaces for emerging technologies and applications. The first section of this review includes molecular recognition frontiers, receptor design based on combinatorial approaches, organic capsule receptors, metallo-capsule receptors, helical receptors, dendrimer receptors, and the future design of receptor architectures. The following section summarizes topics related to molecular recognition at interfaces including fundamentals of molecular recognition, sensing and detection, structure formation, molecular machines, molecular recognition involving polymers and related materials, and molecular recognition processes in nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Go-bancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Roche C, Sour A, Sauvage J. A Flexible Copper(I)‐Complexed [4]Rotaxane Containing Two Face‐to‐Face Porphyrinic Plates that Behaves as a Distensible Receptor. Chemistry 2012; 18:8366-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
| | - Jean‐Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
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Belowich ME, Valente C, Smaldone RA, Friedman DC, Thiel J, Cronin L, Stoddart JF. Positive cooperativity in the template-directed synthesis of monodisperse macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5243-61. [PMID: 22303894 DOI: 10.1021/ja2107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of oligorotaxanes R and R' that contain -CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)- recognition sites in their dumbbell components have been synthesized employing template-directed protocols. [24]Crown-8 rings self-assemble by a clipping strategy around each and every recognition site using equimolar amounts of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde and tetraethyleneglycol bis(2-aminophenyl) ether to efficiently provide up to a [20]rotaxane. In the R series, the -NH(2)(+)- recognition sites are separated by trismethylene bridges, whereas in the R' series the spacers are p-phenylene linkers. The underpinning idea here is that in the former series, the recognition sites are strategically positioned 3.5 Å apart from one another so as to facilitate efficient [π···π] stacking between the aromatic residues in contiguous rings in the rotaxanes and consequently, a discrete rigid and rod-like conformation is realized; these noncovalent interactions are absent in the latter series rendering them conformationally flexible/nondiscrete. Although in the R' series, the [3]-, [4]-, [8]-, and [12]rotaxanes were isolated after reaction times of <5-30 min in yields of 72-85%, in the R series, the [3]-, [4]-, [5]-, [8]-, [12]-, [16]-, and [20]rotaxanes were isolated in <5 min to 14 h in 88-98% yields. It follows that while in the R' series the higher order oligorotaxanes are formed in lower yields more rapidly, in the R series, the higher order oligorotaxanes are formed in higher yields more slowly. In the R series, the high percentage yields are sustained throughout, despite the fact that up to 39 components are participating in the template-directed self-assembly process. Simple arithmetic reveals that the conversion efficiency for each imine bond formation peaks at 99.9% in the R series and 99.3% in the R' series. This maintenance of reaction efficiency in the R series can be ascribed to positive cooperativity, that is, when one ring is formed it aids and abets the formation of subsequent rings presumably because of stabilizing extended [π···π] stacking interactions between the arene units. Experiments have been performed wherein the dumbbell is starved of the macrocyclic components, and up to five times more of the fully saturated rotaxane is formed than is predicted based on a purely statistical outcome, providing a clear indication that positive cooperativity is operative. Moreover, it would appear that as the R series is traversed from the [3]- to the [4]- to the [5]rotaxane, the cooperativity becomes increasingly positive. This kind of cooperative behavior is not observed for the analogous oligorotaxanes in the R' series. The conventional bevy of analytical techniques (e.g., HR-MS (ESI) and both (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy) help establish the fact that all the oligorotaxanes are pure and monodisperse. Evidence of efficient [π···π] stacking between contiguous arene units in the rings in the R series is revealed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Ion-mobility mass spectrometry performed on the R and R' series yielded the collisional cross sections (CCSs), confirming the rigidity of the R oligorotaxanes and the flexibility of the R' ones. The extended [π···π] stacking interactions are found to be present in the solid-state structures of the [3]- and [4]rotaxanes in the R series and also on the basis of molecular mechanics calculations performed on the entire series of oligomers. The collective data presented herein supports our original design in that the extended [π···π] stacking between contiguous arene units in the rings of the R series of oligorotaxanes facilitate an essentially rigid rod-like conformation with evidence that positive cooperativity improves the efficiency of their formation. This situation stands in sharp contrast to the conformationally flexible R' series where the oligorotaxanes form with no cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Belowich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3133, United States
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50
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Ventura B, Durola F, Frey J, Heitz V, Sauvage JP, Flamigni L. Near-infrared dual luminescence from an extended zinc porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1021-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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