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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Manna SK, Chakraborty S, Adak AK, Samanta S. A New Benzimidazolium Ion‐Based “Turn Off” Fluorescent Compound for Detection of Fe
3+
Ion and Its Application towards Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Cell Imaging Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arup Kumar Adak
- Department of Chemistry Bidhannagar College Kolkata 700064 India
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3
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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4
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Hayes D, Kohler L, Hadt RG, Zhang X, Liu C, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Excited state electron and energy relays in supramolecular dinuclear complexes revealed by ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:860-875. [PMID: 29629153 PMCID: PMC5873173 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of photoinduced electron and energy transfer in a family of tetrapyridophenazine-bridged heteroleptic homo- and heterodinuclear copper(i) bis(phenanthroline)/ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were studied using ultrafast optical and multi-edge X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies. This work combines the synthesis of heterodinuclear Cu(i)-Ru(ii) analogs of the homodinuclear Cu(i)-Cu(i) targets with spectroscopic analysis and electronic structure calculations to first disentangle the dynamics at individual metal sites by taking advantage of the element and site specificity of X-ray absorption and theoretical methods. The excited state dynamical models developed for the heterodinuclear complexes are then applied to model the more challenging homodinuclear complexes. These results suggest that both intermetallic charge and energy transfer can be observed in an asymmetric dinuclear copper complex in which the ground state redox potentials of the copper sites are offset by only 310 meV. We also demonstrate the ability of several of these complexes to effectively and unidirectionally shuttle energy between different metal centers, a property that could be of great use in the design of broadly absorbing and multifunctional multimetallic photocatalysts. This work provides an important step toward developing both a fundamental conceptual picture and a practical experimental handle with which synthetic chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians may collaborate to engineer cheap and efficient photocatalytic materials capable of performing coulombically demanding chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugan Hayes
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lars Kohler
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
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5
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Hu Q, He M, Mei Y, Feng W, Jing S, Kong J, Zhang X. Sensitive and selective colorimetric assay of alkaline phosphatase activity with Cu(II)-phenanthroline complex. Talanta 2017; 163:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Hu Q, Zhou B, Li F, Kong J, Zhang X. Turn-On Colorimetric Platform for Dual Activity Detection of Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase in Human Whole Blood. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3040-3045. [PMID: 27615725 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity detection of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is of great importance to the diagnosis and prognosis of related diseases. In this work, we report for the first time a turn-on colorimetric platform for the activity detection of ACP and ALP, by exploiting Cu(BCDS)22- (BCDS=bathocuproinedisulfonate) as the probe. The presence of ACP or ALP dephosphorylates the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to produce ascorbic acid, which then reduces Cu(BCDS)22- into Cu(BCDS)23- , leading to a turn-on spectral absorption at 484 nm and a dramatic color change of the solution from colorless to orange-red. The underlying metal-to-ligand charge-transfer mechanism has been demonstrated by quantum mechanical computations. This platform allows a rapid, sensitive readout of ACP and ALP activities within the dynamic range from 0 to 220 mU ml-1 . In addition, it is highly immune to false-positive results and also highly selective. More importantly, it is applicable in the presence of human serum and even whole blood samples. These results demonstrate that our platform holds great potential in clinical practices and in the point-of-care analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Feng Li
- American Advanced Nanotechnology, Houston, TX, 77459, USA
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620-4202, USA
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7
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Synthesis and Properties of a Novel FRET-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Cu2+. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:769-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Yang L, Wang Z, Zhang D, Ye Y. A rhodamine-based “turn-on” fluorescent probe for Fe3+ in aqueous solution and its application in bioimaging. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Le Poul N, Colasson B. Electrochemically and Chemically Induced Redox Processes in Molecular Machines. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Vilvamani N, Gupta RD, Awasthi SK. Ru(ii)–polypyridyl complex-grafted silica nanohybrids: versatile hybrid materials for Raman spectroscopy and photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ru(ii)–polypyridyl complex-grafted silica nanohybrids were prepared with and without Ag NP cores, and these materials are demonstrated as substrates for plasmon-based on-resonance Raman scattering studies and as photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Vilvamani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology
- South Asian University
- New Delhi-110021
- India
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110007
- India
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11
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Jones IM, Knipe PC, Michaelos T, Thompson S, Hamilton AD. Redox-dependent conformational switching of diphenylacetylenes. Molecules 2014; 19:11316-32. [PMID: 25090120 PMCID: PMC6271015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a redox-dependent single-molecule switch. Appending a ferrocene unit to a diphenylacetylene scaffold gives a redox-sensitive handle, which undergoes reversible one-electron oxidation, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry analysis. 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the partially oxidized switch and control compounds suggests that oxidation to the ferrocenium cation induces a change in hydrogen bonding interactions that results in a conformational switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Jones
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Peter C Knipe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Thoe Michaelos
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Sam Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Andrew D Hamilton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Coronado E, Gaviña P, Ponce J, Tatay S. Fast Pirouetting Motion in a Pyridine Bisamine-Containing Copper-Complexed Rotaxane. Chemistry 2014; 20:6939-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhang D, Ye Y, Zhao Y. Two new rhodamine-based fluorescent chemosensors for Fe3+in aqueous solution. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 29:945-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Liu
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhanhui Xu
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Di Zhang
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yong Ye
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province; the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Key Lab Chem Biol; Fujian Prov Coll Chem & Chem Engn; Xiamen Univ; Xiamen 361005 China
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14
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Kim H, Kim KB, Song EJ, Hwang IH, Noh JY, Kim PG, Jeong KD, Kim C. Turn-on selective fluorescent probe for trivalent cations. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Engmann S, Ómarsson B, Lacko M, Stano M, Matejčík Š, Ingólfsson O. Dissociative electron attachment to hexafluoroacetylacetone and its bidentate metal complexes M(hfac)2; M = Cu, Pd. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4810877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Li B, Qin X, You J, Cong X, Lan J. Direct arylation of phenanthroline derivatives via oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling: synthesis and discovery of excellent ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1290-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Du Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Luo F, He C, Li M, Chen X. Determination of iron(III) based on the fluorescence quenching of rhodamine B derivative. Talanta 2012; 106:261-5. [PMID: 23598126 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new method for determination of iron(III) has been developed using a kind of rhodamine B derivative fluorescent probe, rhodamine amide (RHA), in acidic HAc-NaAc buffer solution. In this approach, the heavy atom effect of I₃(-) was applied to quench the fluorescence of RHA. When iron(III) and KI coexisted in HAc-NaAc buffer solution, iron(III) reacted with the excess KI to produce I₃(-) that quenched the fluorescence of RHA through the formation of a non-fluorescence compound. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity decrease of RHA presented a good linear relationship with the iron(III) concentrations in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 μmol L(-1) with the correlation coefficient of 0.9970, and the detection limit was 0.3 μmol L(-1) iron(III). The approach was applied to determination of iron(III) in water samples, and the recovery was found to be from 80.7% to 100. 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Singh V, Mondal PC, Lakshmanan JY, Zharnikov M, Gupta T. "Turn on" electron-transfer-based selective detection of ascorbic acid via copper complexes immobilized on glass. Analyst 2012; 137:3216-9. [PMID: 22493771 DOI: 10.1039/c2an16197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
"Turn-on" optical detection of parts-per-million (ppm) levels of ascorbic acid (AA) in water has been determined using a redox-active monolayer on glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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