1
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Fiorentini F, Eisenhardt KHS, Deacy AC, Williams CK. Synergic Catalysis: the Importance of Intermetallic Separation in Co(III)K(I) Catalysts for Ring Opening Copolymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23517-23528. [PMID: 39120158 PMCID: PMC11345820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Dinuclear polymerization catalysts can show high activity and control. Understanding how to design for synergy between the metals is important to improving catalytic performances. Three heterodinuclear Co(III)K(I) catalysts, featuring very similar coordination chemistries, are prepared with different intermetallic separations. The catalysts are compared for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of propene oxide (PO) with CO2 or with phthalic anhydride (PA). The catalyst with a fixed, wide intermetallic separation, LwideCoK(OAc)2 (Co-K = 8.06 Å), shows very high activity for PO/PA ROCOP, but is inactive for PO/CO2 ROCOP. On the other hand, the catalyst with a fixed, narrow intermetallic separation, LshortCoK(OAc)2 (Co-K, 3.59 Å), shows high activity for PO/CO2 ROCOP, but is much less active for PO/PA ROCOP. A bicomponent catalyst system, comprising a monometallic complex LmonoCoOAc used with an equivalent of KOAc[18-crown-6], shows high activity for both PO/CO2 and PO/PA ROCOP, provided the catalyst concentration is sufficiently high, but underperforms at low catalyst loadings. It is proposed that the two lead catalysts, LwideCoK(OAc)2 and LshortCoK(OAc)2, operate by different mechanisms for PO/PA and PO/CO2 ROCOP. The new wide separation catalyst, LwideCoK(OAc)2, shows some of the best performances yet reported for PO/PA ROCOP, and suggests other catalysts featuring larger intermetallic separations should be targeted for epoxide/anhydride copolymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arron C. Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Guthrie D, Saathoff JM, Sahani RL, Nunes De Souza A, Cook DW, Hochstetler SR, Burns JM, Moazeni-Pourasil RS, Wierzbicki J, Ahmad S, Laidlaw GM, Gupton BF, Shanahan CS, Klumpp DA, Jin L. Synthetic Process Development of ( R)-(+)-1,2-Epoxy-5-hexene: An Important Chiral Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:3197-3205. [PMID: 39171130 PMCID: PMC11334172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe two practical approaches to synthesize (R)-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene from inexpensive and readily available raw materials and reagents. The first approach is a two-step sequence, involving an epoxidation with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) and a chiral resolution with (salen)Co(II), producing (R)-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene in 24-30% overall yield. The second approach utilizes readily available (R)-epichlorohydrin as the starting material and features an epoxide ring-opening reaction with allylMgCl and the NaOH-mediated ring closure reaction. Development of this two-step process affords R-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene in overall isolated yields of 55-60% with an exceptional purity profile. Both approaches have been successfully demonstrated on 100-200 g scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel W. Cook
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Samuel R. Hochstetler
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Justina M. Burns
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | | | - Janie Wierzbicki
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - G. Michael Laidlaw
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Charles S. Shanahan
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Limei Jin
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
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3
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Xie T, Chen SS, Li YY, Chen DF. Leveraging Electron Push-Pull Effect for Catalytic Polymerization and Degradation of a Cyclobutane Monomer System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405408. [PMID: 38728168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) offers a striking solution to solve problems encountered in step-growth condensation polymerization, including precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and topology. This has inspired our interest in ROP of cycloalkanes with an ultimate goal to rethink polyolefins, which clearly poses a number of challenges. Practicality of ROP of cycloalkanes is actually limited by their low polymerizability and elusive mechanisms which arise from significantly varied ring size and non-polar C-C bonds in monomers. In this work, by using Lewis acid/Brønsted base/C(sp3)-H initiator system previously developed in our laboratory, we focus on cyclobutanes and explore the positional and electronic effects of substituents on the ring, namely electron push-pull effect, in promoting controlled polymerization to afford densely functionalized poly(cyclobutanes), as well as catalytic degradation of obtained polymers for upcycling. More importantly, experiments and DFT calculations unveil considerable population of Lewis-acid-induced thermostabilized 1,4-zwitterions, which distinguish cyclobutanes from cyclopropanes and others. All these findings would shed light on catalytic synthesis and degradation of saturated all-carbon main-chain polymers, as well as small molecule transformations of cyclobutanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Sen Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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4
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Teng YQ, Ren BH, Liu Y, Gao J, Ren WM, Lu XB. Innovative Approach to Chiral Polyurethanes: Asymmetric Copolymerization with Isocyanates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404186. [PMID: 38691059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of nitrogen-containing functional groups to chiral polymer backbones enables the tailoring of physical properties and offers opportunities for further post-polymerization modification. However, the substrate scope of such polymers is extremely limited because monomers having nitrogen-containing groups can change coordination state with respect to the metal centers, thus decreasing the activity and enantioselectivity and even poisoning the catalyst completely. In this paper, we report our attempts to carry out the asymmetric copolymerization of meso-epoxide with highly reactive isocyanates. In particular, we found that biphenol-linked bimetallic Co(III) complexes with multiple chiral centers are very efficient in catalyzing this asymmetric copolymerization reaction, affording optically active polyurethanes with a completely alternating nature and a high enantioselectivity of up to 94 % ee. Crucially, we identified that the steric hindrance at the phenolate ortho position of the ligand strongly influences the catalytic activity and product enantioselectivity. In addition, density functional theory calculations revealed that the highly sterically bulky substituents change the mechanism from bimetallic to monometallic, and result in the unexpected inversion of the chiral induction direction. Moreover, the high stereoregularity of the produced polyurethanes enhances their thermal stability, and they can be selectively decomposed into oxazolidinones. This study offers a versatile methodology for the synthesis of chiral polymers containing nitrogen functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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5
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Young MS, LaPointe AM, MacMillan SN, Coates GW. Highly Enantioselective Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone by a Bimetallic Magnesium Catalyst: An Interdependent Relationship Between Favored and Unfavored Enantiomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18032-18040. [PMID: 38874569 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report that (S,S)-prophenolMg2(μ-OnBu)(THF)2 ((S,S)-1, prophenol = (S,S)-2,6-bis[2-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl]-4-methylphenol) is a highly enantioselective (kR/kS = 140) precatalyst for ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone (β-BL) to isotactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (i-PHB), a high performance, biodegradable polyester. Precatalyst (S,S)-1 polymerizes (R)-β-BL with an inversion of stereochemistry to (S)-PHB with a m% (percentage of adjacent linkages with a meso configuration) of 98% at 41% conversion and Tm of 165 °C under a variety of conditions. Complex (S,S)-1 demonstrates unique polymerization kinetics, as it does not polymerize the preferred enantiomer, (R)-β-BL, alone. Mechanistic studies revealed that (S)-β-BL is needed to convert (S,S)-1 into the active enantioselective polymerization catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, (S,S)-1 produces i-PHB with the highest degree of isotacticity observed from a polymerization of rac-β-BL. This study informs the design and understanding of future enantioselective and earth-abundant metal catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of β-lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Young
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Anne M LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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6
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Xiao Y, Yue TJ, Lu XB, Ren WM. Stereoregular poly(2-phenylthiirane) via cationic ring-opening polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5034-5037. [PMID: 38630292 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an effective strategy for synthesizing polythioethers with a well-defined structure through the cationic polymerization of thiirane with electron-withdrawing substituents. This strategy allows for precisely controlling the regio- and stereochemistry of the ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenylthiirane, thus allowing for producing poly(2-phenylthiirane) with high stereoregularity using enantiomeric pure thiirane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
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7
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Li P, Li S, Dai X, Gao S, Song Z, Jiang Q. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Cycloaddition with CO 2 Catalyzed by Amine Triphenolate Iron(III) Complexes. Molecules 2024; 29:2139. [PMID: 38731630 PMCID: PMC11085797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel amine triphenolate iron complexes were synthesized and characterized using UV, IR, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These complexes were applied to the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO), demonstrating excellent activity (TOF > 11050 h-1) in the absence of a co-catalyst. In addition, complex C1 maintained the dimer in the presence of the reaction substrate CHO, catalyzing the ring-opening polymerization of CHO to PCHO through bimetallic synergy. Furthermore, a two-component system consisting of iron complexes and TBAB displayed the ability to catalyze the reaction of CHO with CO2, resulting in the formation of cis-cyclic carbonate with high selectivity. Complex C4 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving 80% conversion of CHO at a CHO/C4/TBAB molar ratio of 2000/1/8 and a CO2 pressure of 3 MPa for 16 h at 100 °C, while maintaining >99% selectivity of cis-cyclic carbonates, which demonstrated good conversion and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Sixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Shifeng Gao
- CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd., Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Zhaozheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Qingzhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Fu XY, Yue TJ, Ren BH, Wang H, Ren WM, Lu XB. A Powerful Strategy for Synthesizing Block Copolymers via Bimetallic Synergistic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401926. [PMID: 38415944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Block copolymers, comprising polyether and polyolefin segments, are an important and promising category of functional materials. However, the lack of efficient strategies for the construction of polyether-b-polyolefin block copolymers have hindered the development of these materials. Herein, we propose a simple and efficient method to obtain various block copolymers through the copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates via bimetallic synergistic catalysis. The copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates proceeds in a sequence-controlled manner, where the epoxides-involved homo- or copolymerization occurs first, followed by the homopolymerization of acrylates initiated by the alkoxide species from the propagating polymer chain, thus yielding copolymers with a block structure. Notably, the high monomer compatibility of this powerful strategy provides a platform for synthesizing various polyacrylate-based block copolymers comprising polyether, polycarbonate, polythiocarbonate, polyester, and polyurethane segments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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9
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Guo X, Xu G, Yang R, Wang Q. Specific Discrimination Polymerization for Highly Isotactic Polyesters Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9084-9095. [PMID: 38428016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Isotactic polymers have emerged with unique and excellent properties in material sciences. Specific discrimination polymerization provides an ideal pathway to achieve highly isotactic polymers from their racemic monomers, which is of great significance and a challenge in polymeric chemistry. Although an enantioselective catalyst-mediated asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP) process makes it possible, a general and well-defined strategy for catalyst design is still rarely reported. Here, based on a novel dual-ligand strategy, a new type of chiral (BisSalen)Al complex with high enantioselectivity has been described, in which perfect AKRP of racemic phenethylglycolide (Pegl) is achieved for the first time. The more confined asymmetric microenvironment formed by a dual ligand is the key to improve the enantioselectivity of the original catalyst. To illustrate the generality of this strategy, a series of (BisSalen)Al complexes with homo- or heterodual ligands were designed for the AKRP of Pegl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Yolsal U, Shaw PJ, Lowy PA, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Exploiting Multimetallic Cooperativity in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Ethers. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1050-1074. [PMID: 38269042 PMCID: PMC10804381 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of multimetallic complexes is a rapidly advancing route to enhance catalyst performance in the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and ethers. Multimetallic catalysts often outperform their monometallic analogues in terms of reactivity and/or polymerization control, and these improvements are typically attributed to "multimetallic cooperativity". Yet the origins of multimetallic cooperativity often remain unclear. This review explores the key factors underpinning multimetallic cooperativity, including metal-metal distances, the flexibility, electronics and conformation of the ligand framework, and the coordination environment of the metal centers. Emerging trends are discussed to provide insights into why cooperativity occurs and how to harness cooperativity for the development of highly efficient multimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe A. Lowy
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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11
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Chen Y, Li B, Wang Y, Zhu X, Yuan D, Yao Y. Synthesis of Mono- and Dinuclear Aluminum Complexes Bearing Aromatic Amino-Phenolato Ligands: A Comparative Study in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21247-21256. [PMID: 38053396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear aluminum methyl complexes bearing aromatic diamine-bridged tetra(phenolato) ligands and the mononuclear aluminum methyl complex with the phenylamine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligand have been synthesized and characterized. Structure determination revealed that the Al-Al distances in these dinuclear aluminum complexes are tunable by the choice of the suitable aromatic backbone of the diamine-bridged tetra(phenolato) ligands. The catalytic behaviors of these mono- and dinuclear aluminum complexes for cyclohexene oxide (CHO) polymerization were investigated. The activities of these dinuclear Al complexes were observed to increase with the decrease of Al-Al distances, and the dinuclear Al complexes appeared to have better catalytic activity than the mononuclear Al complex, even if the Al-Al distance is as long as 9.401 Å. Dinuclear aluminum complex 2, with the shortest Al-Al distance (7.236 Å), showed the highest activity toward CHO polymerization with TOFs up to 6460 h-1 in neat CHO at 30 °C. Furthermore, comparative kinetic studies revealed that the polymerization is first-order for CHO concentration, and the reaction orders for initiator concentration are different for the mono- and dinuclear Al complexes. The polymerization mechanism study revealed that both the methyl and phenolate groups were involved in the initiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xu CK, Yang GW, Lu C, Wu GP. A Binary Silicon-Centered Organoboron Catalyst with Superior Performance to That of Its Bifunctional Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312376. [PMID: 37847123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reported that a silicon-centered alkyl borane/ammonium salt binary (two-component) catalyst exhibits much higher activity than its bifunctional analogue (one-component) for the ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide, showing 7.3 times the activity of its bifunctional analogue at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, and even 15.3 times the activity at an extremely low loading of 0.002 mol %. By using 19 F NMR spectroscopy, control experiments, and theoretical calculation we discovered that the central silicon atom displays appropriate electron density and a larger intramolecular cavity, which is useful to co-activate the monomer and to deliver propagating chains, thus leading to a better intramolecular synergic effect than its bifunctional analogue. A unique two-pathway initiation mode was proposed to explain the unusual high activity of the binary catalytic system. This study breaks the traditional impression of the binary Lewis acid/nucleophilic catalyst with poor activity because of the increase in entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
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14
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Xie X, Huo Z, Jang E, Tong R. Recent advances in enantioselective ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization. Commun Chem 2023; 6:202. [PMID: 37775528 PMCID: PMC10541874 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlling macromolecular stereochemistry and sequences is a powerful strategy for manipulating polymer properties. Controlled synthetic routes to prepare degradable polyester, polycarbonate, and polyether are of recent interest due to the need for sustainable materials as alternatives to petrochemical-based polyolefins. Enantioselective ring-opening polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization of racemic monomers offer access to stereoregular polymers, specifically enantiopure polymers that form stereocomplexes with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. Here, we highlight the state-of-the-art of this polymerization chemistry that can produce microstructure-defined polymers. In particular, the structures and performances of various homogeneous enantioselective catalysts are presented. Trends and future challenges of such chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Ziyu Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Eungyo Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
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15
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Sirin-Sariaslan A, Naumann S. Sterically demanding binaphthol-based chiral diboranes for metal-free and isotactic poly(propylene oxide). Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11069-11072. [PMID: 37644875 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diborane polymerization catalysts with 3,3'-disubstituted binaphthol-backbones are presented. These compounds deliver isotactic poly(propylene oxide) from racemic monomer with isotactoc diad (m) and triad (mm) placements of up to 92% and >80%, respectively. The resulting polyether is well-defined, of high molar mass and semi-crystalline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Sirin-Sariaslan
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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16
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Liu Y, Lu XB. Current Challenges and Perspectives in CO 2-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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17
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An insight to the role of perchlorate counter ions and different non-covalent interactions in the solid state structures of mono-anionic malonic acid bridged trinuclear mixed valence cationic complexes of cobalt with tetradentate N2O2 donor ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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18
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Qi H, Xie R, Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xu CK, Wang Y, Wu GP. Rational Optimization of Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Versatile Polyethers via Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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19
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Mu D, Feng C, Li W, Yuan D, Yao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Al (III)‐Zn (II) Heterometallic Complex and the Application in Ring‐opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus Soochow University Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Chunping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus Soochow University Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Hengyang Normal University Hengyang P. R. China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus Soochow University Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus Soochow University Suzhou P. R. China
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20
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He GH, Liu YL, Liu Y, Lu XB. Enantioselective Resolution Copolymerization of Racemic cis-Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides Mediated by Multichiral Bimetallic Chromium Complexes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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21
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Cui L, Liu Y, Ren BH, Lu XB. Preparation of Sequence-Controlled Polyester and Polycarbonate Materials via Epoxide Copolymerization Mediated by Trinuclear Co(III) Complexes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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22
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Sirin-Sariaslan A, Naumann S. Chiral Diboranes as Catalysts for the Stereoselective Organopolymerization of Epoxides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10939-10943. [PMID: 36320696 PMCID: PMC9491197 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03977j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is demonstrated that stereoselective polymerization of epoxides, long a domain of metal-based compounds, can also be achieved via the application of organocatalysts. A simple two-step synthesis starting from widely available 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) backbones yields diboranes which, in tandem with organobases, deliver isotactic-enriched (it) polyethers from the homopolymerization of racemic propylene oxide (PO) and other epoxides. Thereby, isotactic diad contents of up to 88% can be achieved, resulting in well-defined (1.1 < ĐM < 1.3) polyethers with high molar masses (Mn > 100 000 g mol−1). Notably, it is also possible to grow it-enriched sequences of PPO on aliphatic polyester-type initiators, thus enabling the incorporation of stereocontrolled polyether blocks in more complex polymer architectures. It is expected that this ability will greatly benefit the preparation of polyether-containing additives. The BINOL-type diboranes can be readily modified, suggesting further potential as a platform from which optimized catalysts can be developed. Chiral diborane catalysts deliver well-defined isotactic-enriched polyether, whereby also polyester-type macroinitiators can be employed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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23
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Flexible Gradient Poly(ether-ester) from the Copolymerization of Epoxides and ε-Caprolactone Mediated by a Hetero-bimetallic Complex. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Zhang H, Gao B, Huang G, Li D, Pang X. Highly Selective Polymerization of Rac-Lactide Initiated by Salen Aluminum Complex Bearing an Adamantane Derivative. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1918683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Guiqiu Huang
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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25
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Lv C, Xu G, Yang R, Zhou L, Wang Q. Stereogradient polycaprolactones formed by asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization of 6-methyl-ε-caprolactone. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerizations of 6-methyl-ε-caprolactone were developed to synthesize stereogradient polycaprolactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Lv
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rulin Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Wang Z, Mu Y. Chiral salenCo( iii) complexes with bulky substituents as catalysts for stereoselective alternating copolymerization of racemic propylene oxide with carbon dioxide and succinic anhydride. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stereoregular poly(propylene carbonate)s and poly(propylene succinate-block-carbonate)s were synthesized with new chiral salenCo(iii) catalysts carrying bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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27
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Safaie N, Rawal B, Ohno K, Ferrier RC. Aluminum-Based Initiators from Thiols for Epoxide Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Safaie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Bandana Rawal
- East Lansing High School, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gakasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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28
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Xia T, Yue TJ, Gu GG, Wan ZQ, Li ZL, Ren WM. Copolymerization of aziridines and cyclic anhydrides by metal-free catalysis strategy. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Xu G, Mahmood Q, Lv C, Yang R, Zhou L, Wang Q. Asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Mehdi Khalaj, Lalegani A, Lyczko K, Lipkowski J. Synthesis and Characterization of Co(II) Coordination Polymer with a Flexible Bidentate Ligand. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774519070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Zhu YF, Wei BL, Wang WQ, Xuan LJ. A facile and efficient method for synthesis of β-iodocarboxylates from terminal epoxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Buenaflor J, Sommerville P, Qian H, Luscombe C. Investigation of Bimetallic Nickel Catalysts in Catalyst‐Transfer Polymerization of π‐Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Buenaflor
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall, Box 351700 Seattle WA 98195‐1700 USA
| | - Parker Sommerville
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall, Box 351700 Seattle WA 98195‐1700 USA
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington 302 Roberts Hall, Box 352120 Seattle WA 98195‐2120 USA
| | - Christine Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington 302 Roberts Hall, Box 352120 Seattle WA 98195‐2120 USA
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33
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Liu Y, Yu HY, Lu XB. Fast Ring‐Opening Polymerization of 1,2‐Disubstituted Epoxides Initiated by a Co
III
‐Salen Complex. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Hui Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Xiao Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
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34
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Reinhart ED, Jordan RF. Template-Free Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Bis(pyridine-dienamine) Proligand and Metal Complexes of Its Bis(pyridine-diimine) and Bis(pyridine-dienamido) Forms. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15466-15478. [PMID: 31675222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the template-free synthesis of the bis(pyridine-dienamine) proligand [4,5-(m-xylylenediamine)NH-C═(CH)(9-butyl-octahydroacridine)]2 (2'), a variant of Burrows's macrocyclic bis(pyridine-diimine) (bis-PDI) ligand [2,6-(m-xylylenediamine)N═C(py)]2 (A), using octahydroacridine as the ligand backbone. The octahydroacridine backbone favors macrocyclization by constraining the PDI units in the (s-cis)2 conformation. The template-free synthesis of 2' enables facile access to a wide array of bis-PDI and bis(pyridine-dienamido) (bis-PDE) metal complexes. Five-coordinate binuclear bis-PDI (2)M2Cl4 complexes {2 = [4,5-(m-xylylenediamine)N═C(9-butyl-octahydroacridine)]2; M = Zn, Co, or Fe} and a four-coordinate bis-PDI [(2)Pd2Br2][B(3,5-(CF3)2-Ph)4]2 complex were synthesized and characterized. (2)Zn2Cl4 undergoes macrocyclic ring inversion on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) time scale with a free energy barrier ΔG⧧ of 15.5(3) kcal/mol at 295 K. In contrast, (2)Fe2Cl4 and (2)Co2Cl4 undergo slow ring inversion on the NMR chemical shift time scale at 295 K. The amine elimination reaction of 2' with Zr(NMe2)4 yields the bis-PDE complex (2'-4H)Zr2(NMe2)4, which was alkylated with AlMe3 and Al(CH2SiMe3)3 to generate (2'-4H)Zr2Me4 and (2'-4H)Zr2(CH2SiMe3)2(NMe2)2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Richard F Jordan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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35
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Li D, Gao B, Duan Q. Preparation of star-shaped functionalized polylactides by metal porphyrin complexes as both catalysts and cocatalysts. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several aluminum porphyrin complexes as catalysts and a copper porphyrin complex as a cocatalyst were prepared. These complexes were characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. These complexes are used for L-lactide polymerization. The kinetic data of the polymerization using complex 2 as catalyst revealed that the polymeric rates were first-ordered in both the monomer and catalyst. There is a linear relationship between lactide conversion and the number-averaged molecular weight of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130022, China
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36
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Worch JC, Prydderch H, Jimaja S, Bexis P, Becker ML, Dove AP. Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Xu L, Yang L, Guo Z, Liu N, Zhu YY, Li Z, Wu ZQ. Helix-Sense-Specific and Enantiomer-Specific Living Polymerizations of Phenyl Isocyanides Using Chiral Palladium(II) Catalysts. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zongxia Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
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38
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Li J, Ren BH, Wan ZQ, Chen SY, Liu Y, Ren WM, Lu XB. Enantioselective Resolution Copolymerization of Racemic Epoxides and Anhydrides: Efficient Approach for Stereoregular Polyesters and Chiral Epoxides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8937-8942. [PMID: 31079457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report an efficient strategy for preparing isotactic polyesters and chiral epoxides via enantioselective resolution copolymerization of racemic terminal epoxides with anhydrides, mediated by enantiopure bimetallic complexes in conjunction with a nucleophilic cocatalyst. The chirality of both the axial linker and the diamine backbones of the ligand are responsible for the chiral induction of this kinetic resolution copolymerization process. The catalyst systems exhibit exceptional levels of enantioselectivity with a kinetic resolution coefficient exceeding 300 for various racemic epoxides, affording highly isotactic copolymers (selectivity factors of more than 300) with a completely alternating structure and low polydispersity index. Most of the produced isotactic polyesters are typical semicrystalline materials with melting temperatures in the range from 77 to 160 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhao-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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39
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Li D, Gao B, Duan Q. Synthesis of biodegradable and biorenewable polylactides initiated by aluminum complexes bearing m-xylylenediamine derivatives via the ring-opening polymerization of lactides. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum complexes derived from m-xylylenediamine were synthesized and investigated as initiators for l-lactide and rac-lactide polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- 7989 Weixing Road
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- 7989 Weixing Road
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- 7989 Weixing Road
- Changchun 130022
- China
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40
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Bobbink FD, van Muyden AP, Dyson PJ. En route to CO2-containing renewable materials: catalytic synthesis of polycarbonates and non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes derived from cyclic carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1360-1373. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The strategies and challenges in the preparation of fully renewable materials prepared from CO2 and biomass enabled by catalysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Bobbink
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Antoine P. van Muyden
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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41
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Zhang CJ, Duan HY, Hu LF, Zhang CH, Zhang XH. Metal-Free Route to Precise Synthesis of Poly(propylene oxide) and Its Blocks with High Activity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:4209-4213. [PMID: 30346658 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fast and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene oxide (PO) by metal-free catalysis is reported. By using triethyl borane (TEB) and organic Lewis bases (LBs, e.g.: phosphazene base, amidine and guanidine) as the catalysts, various alkyl alcohols can effectively initiate the ROP of PO, yielding tailor-made poly(propylene oxide)s (PPOs) with high regioregularity, predictable molecular weights, and narrow dispersity approaching Poisson distribution. The TEB/LB catalysts present unprecedentedly high activity (turnover frequency of up to 7500 h-1 ) and a truly living character for the polymerization, as evidenced by kinetic studies that showed fast initiation and growth, unobserved chain-transfer to PO, chain extension reactions, and the synthesis of various PPO-based block copolymers with narrow dispersities (Đ<1.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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42
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Alkattan M, Prunet J, Shaver MP. Functionalizable Stereocontrolled Cyclopolyethers by Ring-Closing Metathesis as Natural Polymer Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alkattan
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- WestCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of Glasgow; Joseph Black Building; University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of Glasgow; Joseph Black Building; University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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43
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Invergo AM, Liu S, Dicken RD, Mouat AR, Delferro M, Lohr TL, Marks TJ. How Close Is Too Close? Polymerization Behavior and Monomer-Dependent Reorganization of a Bimetallic Salphen Organotitanium Catalyst. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Invergo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rachel D. Dicken
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aidan R. Mouat
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tracy L. Lohr
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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44
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Alkattan M, Prunet J, Shaver MP. Functionalizable Stereocontrolled Cyclopolyethers by Ring-Closing Metathesis as Natural Polymer Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12835-12839. [PMID: 29873428 PMCID: PMC6175094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whereas complex stereoregular cyclic architectures are commonplace in biomacromolecules, they remain rare in synthetic polymer chemistry, thus limiting the potential to develop synthetic mimics or advanced materials for biomedical applications. Herein we disclose the formation of a stereocontrolled 1,4‐linked six‐membered cyclopolyether prepared by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). Ru‐mediated RCM, with careful control of the catalyst, concentration, and temperature, selectively affords the six‐membered‐ring cyclopolymer. Under optimized reaction conditions, no metathetical degradation, macrocycle formation, or cross‐linking was observed. Post‐polymerization modification by dihydroxylation afforded a novel polymer family encompassing a poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and sugar‐like functionalities (“PEGose”). This strategy also paves the way for using RCM as an efficient method to synthesize other stereocontrolled cyclopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alkattan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.,WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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45
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Huang J, Shen L, Zou H, Liu N. Enantiomer-selective Living Polymerization of rac-Phenyl Isocyanide Using Chiral Palladium Catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Morris LS, Childers MI, Coates GW. Bimetallic Chromium Catalysts with Chain Transfer Agents: A Route to Isotactic Poly(propylene oxide)s with Narrow Dispersities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana S. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1301 USA
| | - M. Ian Childers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1301 USA
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1301 USA
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47
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Morris LS, Childers MI, Coates GW. Bimetallic Chromium Catalysts with Chain Transfer Agents: A Route to Isotactic Poly(propylene oxide)s with Narrow Dispersities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [PMID: 29520932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic chromium catalysts are investigated for the enantioselective polymerization of propylene oxide. The catalyst is composed of two salen chromium species linked by an alkyl chain, the length of which significantly impacts the rate of polymerization. While the use of a chloride initiator on the catalyst resulted in bimodal molecular weight distributions, switching to a trifluoroacetate initiating group and adding a diol chain transfer agent afforded polymers of controllable molecular weight with low, unimodal dispersities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana S Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - M Ian Childers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
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48
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Clarke RM, Jeen T, Rigo S, Thompson JR, Kaake LG, Thomas F, Storr T. Exploiting exciton coupling of ligand radical intervalence charge transfer transitions to tune NIR absorption. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1610-1620. [PMID: 29675206 PMCID: PMC5887452 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We detail the rational design of a series of bimetallic bis-ligand radical Ni salen complexes in which the relative orientation of the ligand radical chromophores provides a mechanism to tune the energy of intense intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands in the near infrared (NIR) region.
We detail the rational design of a series of bimetallic bis-ligand radical Ni salen complexes in which the relative orientation of the ligand radical chromophores provides a mechanism to tune the energy of intense intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands in the near infrared (NIR) region. Through a suite of experimental (electrochemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy) and theoretical (density functional theory) techniques, we demonstrate that bimetallic Ni salen complexes form bis-ligand radicals upon two-electron oxidation, whose NIR absorption energies depend on the geometry imposed in the bis-ligand radical complex. Relative to the oxidized monomer [1˙]+ (E = 4500 cm–1, ε = 27 700 M–1 cm–1), oxidation of the cofacially constrained analogue 2 to [2˙˙]2+ results in a blue-shifted NIR band (E = 4830 cm–1, ε = 42 900 M–1 cm–1), while oxidation of 5 to [5˙˙]2+, with parallel arrangement of chromophores, results in a red-shifted NIR band (E = 4150 cm–1, ε = 46 600 M–1 cm–1); the NIR bands exhibit double the intensity in comparison to the monomer. Oxidation of the intermediate orientations results in band splitting for [3˙˙]2+ (E = 4890 and 4200 cm–1; ε = 26 500 and 21 100 M–1 cm–1), and a red-shift for [4˙˙]2+ using ortho- and meta-phenylene linkers, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time, the applicability of exciton coupling to ligand radical systems absorbing in the NIR region and shows that by simple geometry changes, it is possible to tune the energy of intense low energy absorption by nearly 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
| | - Tiffany Jeen
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
| | - Serena Rigo
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
| | - Loren G Kaake
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Départment de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (CIRE) - UMR CNRS 5250 , Université Grenoble-Alpes , B.P. 53 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , V5A1S6 , Burnaby , BC , Canada .
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49
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Two kinds of cobalt–based coordination polymers with excellent catalytic ability for the selective oxidation of cis-cyclooctene. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Liu S, Invergo AM, McInnis JP, Mouat AR, Motta A, Lohr TL, Delferro M, Marks TJ. Distinctive Stereochemically Linked Cooperative Effects in Bimetallic Titanium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Anna M. Invergo
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jennifer P. McInnis
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Aidan R. Mouat
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and INSTM, UdR Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Tracy L. Lohr
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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