1
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Li H, Zhang B, Feng R, Guo S. An N-heterocyclic carbene-based pincer system of palladium and its versatile reactivity under oxidizing conditions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11470-11480. [PMID: 38912609 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00980k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
NHC-based pincers (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have been broadly employed as supporting platforms, and their palladium complexes have found many synthetic applications. However, previous studies mainly focused on the NHC pincers of palladium featuring an oxidation number of +II. In contrast, oxidation of these well-defined Pd(II) species and the study of their fundamental high-valent Pd chemistry remain largely undeveloped. In addition, from a perspective of PdII/PdIV catalysis, the reactivity and degradation of NHC pincers in catalytically relevant reactions have not been well understood. In this work, a series of Pd(II) complexes supported by a well-known NHC^Aryl^NHC pincer platform have been prepared. Their reactivity towards various oxidizing reagents, including halogen surrogates, electrophilic fluorine reagents, and alkyl/aryl halides, has been examined. In some cases, ambient-characterizable high-valent Pd NHCs, which have been scarcely reported, were obtained. The carbenes incorporated into the pincer framework proved to be effective spectator donors. In contrast, the central aryl moiety exhibits versatile reactivity and collapse pathways, allowing it to function either as a spectator or a non-innocent actor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Moto JO, Adjieufack AI, Ndika Ngomb SC, D'ambassa GM, Djendo Mazia SL, Bikele DM. Deciphering the influence of Pd II and Pd IV oxidation states on non-standard chemical bonds within bis(jN-heterocyclic carbene) complexes: insights from DFT. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21075-21088. [PMID: 38962091 PMCID: PMC11221531 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (bis(NHC)) have introduced a new approach to designing homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, demonstrating the versatility of ligand concepts in catalysis. This study presents a computational analysis of palladium (+ii and +iv) complexes containing either a normally (bis(nNHC)) or an abnormally (bis(aNHC)) bound CH2-bridged bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand; in addition, ancillary ligands are permuted from chlorides (X = Cl) to bromides (X = Br). Density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-31G(d)/Lanl2DZ level in the gas phase was used to investigate the electronic structure and bonding properties of bis(NHC)PdIIX2 and bis(NHC)PdIVX4 for bis(NHC) palladium(ii) dihalide and palladium(iv) tetrachloride complexes, respectively. Results indicate that all of the palladium complex structures prefer a flexible boat-type conformation with an average C 2v symmetry, according to bond property (Ccarbene-Pd and Pd-Cl[Br]) analysis. The strength of these bonds depends on coordinating halide ions (Cl- and Br-), the type of ligand (bis(nNHC) and bis(aNHC)), and the palladium oxidation state (+ii and +iv). Analysis of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH 0, ΔG 0, and ΔE bind) shows an increase in values from an abnormal to normal chelating mode in tetrahalides, whereas the opposite is observed for dihalide complexes. The lower π-backbonding ability of the metal, which is influenced by the quantity and size of halide ions involved, could be one possible explanation for this deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ongagna Moto
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala P.O. Box 24157 Douala Cameroon
| | - Abel Idrice Adjieufack
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Simon Claude Ndika Ngomb
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala P.O. Box 24157 Douala Cameroon
| | - Gaël Mouzong D'ambassa
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala P.O. Box 24157 Douala Cameroon
| | - Suzane Leonie Djendo Mazia
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala P.O. Box 24157 Douala Cameroon
| | - Désiré Mama Bikele
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala P.O. Box 24157 Douala Cameroon
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3
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Najera D, Espinosa Martinez G, Fout AR. Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Pincer Bis(carbene) CCC Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:832-837. [PMID: 38357387 PMCID: PMC10863395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The metalation of the DIPPCCC (DIPPCCC = bis(diisopropylphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)phenyl) ligand platform with Pd was achieved under mild conditions by reacting [H3(DIPPCCC)]Cl2 with Pd(OAc)2 at room temperature in the presence of 3.1 equiv of LiN(SiMe3)2. The resulting complexes (DIPPCCC)PdX (X = Cl or Br) were oxidized by two-electron oxidants PhICl2, Br2, and BTMABr3. All the complexes were crystallographically characterized, and analysis of structural parameters around the ligand scaffold show no evidence of a ligand-centered radical, rendering the metal center in the oxidized species, (DIPPCCC)PdX3 (X = Cl or Br), a formal PdIV oxidation state. Unlike their NiIV analogues, these PdIV complexes are stable to air and moisture. The addition of styrene to (DIPPCCC)PdBr3 resulted in the clean reduction of PdIV to PdII, along with the formation of the halogenated alkane. The oxidation to PdIV and subsequent return to PdII upon reduction, as opposed to formation of PdIII species, showcases the accessibility of high-valent palladium DIPPCCC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
C. Najera
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gabriel Espinosa Martinez
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Malchau C, Ultes N, Ehrhard J, Eger TR, Fries DV, Oelkers B, Becker S, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. A novel chelating bidentate NHC ligand based on the cationic (η5-cyclopentadienyl)(η6-arene)iron(II) motif. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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The once-elusive Ni(IV) species is now a potent candidate for challenging organic transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Frieß S, Benyak A, Herrera A, Escalona AM, Heinemann FW, Langer J, Fehn D, Pividori D, Grasruck A, Munz D, Meyer K, Dorta R. Ir(IV) Sulfoxide-Pincer Complexes by Three-Electron Oxidative Additions of Br 2 and I 2. Unprecedented Trap-Free Reductive Elimination of I 2 from a formal d 5 Metal. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1236-1248. [PMID: 34990121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative addition of 1.5 equiv of bromine or iodine to a Ir(I) sulfoxide pincer complex affords the corresponding Ir(IV) tris-bromido or tris-iodido complexes, respectively. The unprecedented trap-free reductive elimination of iodine from the Ir(IV)-iodido complex is induced by coordination of ligands or donor solvents. In the case of added I-, the isostructural tris-iodo Ir(III)-ate complex is quickly generated, which then can be readily reoxidized to the Ir(IV)-iodido complex with FcPF6 or electrochemically. DFT calculations indicate an "inverted ligand field" in the Ir(IV) complexes and favor dinuclear pathways for the reductive elimination of iodine from the formal d5 metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Frieß
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Benyak
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana M Escalona
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Pividori
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Grasruck
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Anorganische Chemie: Koordinationschemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Geb. C4.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Romano Dorta
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Mandal T, Dutta TK, Mohanty S, Choudhury J. Tris-NHC-propagated self-supported polymer-based Pd catalysts for heterogeneous C-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10182-10185. [PMID: 34523654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally propagated imidazolium-containing mesoporous coordination polymer and organic polymer-based platforms were successfully exploited to develop single-site heterogenized Pd-NHC catalysts for oxidative arene/heteroarene C-H functionalization reactions. The catalysts were efficient in directed arene halogenation, and nondirected arene and heteroarene arylation reactions. High catalytic activity, excellent heterogeneity and recyclability were offered by these systems making them promising candidates in the area of heterogeneous C-H functionalization, where efficient catalysts are still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mandal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
| | | | - Sunit Mohanty
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
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8
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Mandal T, Mondal M, Choudhury J. Hypercrosslinked Polymer Platform-Anchored Single-Site Heterogeneous Pd–NHC Catalysts for Diverse C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mandal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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9
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Stubbe J, Suhr S, Beerhues J, Nößler M, Sarkar B. The transformations of a methylene-bridged bis-triazolium salt: a mesoionic carbene based metallocage and analogues of TCNE and NacNac. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3170-3178. [PMID: 34164084 PMCID: PMC8179415 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual and unexpected chemical transformations often provide access to completely new types of functional molecules. We report here the synthesis of a methylene-bridged bis-triazolium salt designed as a precursor for a new bis-mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligand. The direct metalation with silver oxide led to the isolation and crystallographic characterization of a cationic tetranuclear octacarbene-silver(i) complex. During metalation the formal bis-MIC precursor undergoes significant structural changes and chemical transformations. A combined synthetic, crystallographic and (spectro-)electrochemical approach is used to elucidate the mechanistic pathway: starting from the methylene-bridged bis-triazolium salt a single deprotonation leads to a NacNac analogue, which is followed by a redox-induced radical dimerization reaction, generating a new tetra-MIC ligand coordinated to silver(i) central atoms. Decomplexation led to the isolation of the corresponding tetratriazoliumethylene, a profoundly electron-poor alkene, which is an analogue of TCNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stubbe
- Institut Für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Simon Suhr
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Maite Nößler
- Institut Für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut Für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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10
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Moto Ongagna J, Tamafo Fouegue AD, Ateba Amana B, Mouzong D'ambassa G, Zobo Mfomo J, Mbaze Meva'A L, Bikele Mama D. B3LYP, M06 and B3PW91 DFT assignment of nd 8 metal-bis-(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes. J Mol Model 2020; 26:246. [PMID: 32827077 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on the examination of the bonding properties of a series of [M(NHC)2X2] (M = nd8 transition metal; X = Cl, Br and I) complexes in normal, abnormal and mixed C∩C coordination modes. Structures have been optimised in gas phase using B3LYP, M06 and P3BW91 functionals. Two basis sets have been used: the LanL2DZ and a mixed basis set (LanL2DZ for nd8 transition metals as well as halogen atoms and 6-311+G(d,p) for other atoms). Results obtained indicate that the B3PW91 bond distances are closer to experimental data. The complexation energies obtained for each binding mode increase in the order: Ni2+ < Pd2+ < Pt2+, independently of the halogen atom adopted. From the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecule (QTAIM) approach, the instability has been found to follow this trend: M - X < M - C. The analysis of metal-ligand interactions using the natural bond orbital (NBO) revealed that the strongest metal-ligand interactions are observed in the normal binding mode. The NCH → MX2 donation terms were found to be interestingly predominant compared with back donation ones in the complexes studied, except in Pt chloride ones. The contribution of electrostatic interaction energy between the above fragments (∆Eelstat term) is in the range 57.48-63.95% traducing the fact that the interactions are mostly electrostatic. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Moto Ongagna
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Aymard Didier Tamafo Fouegue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College Bertoua, University of Ngaoundere, P.O Box. 652, Bertoua, Cameroon
| | - Baruch Ateba Amana
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Gaël Mouzong D'ambassa
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Zobo Mfomo
- Department of Forestry and Wood Engineering, Advanced Training College for Technical Education, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Luc Mbaze Meva'A
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Désiré Bikele Mama
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
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11
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Zhang B, Yan X, Guo S. Synthesis of Well-Defined High-Valent Palladium Complexes by Oxidation of Their Palladium(II) Precursors. Chemistry 2020; 26:9430-9444. [PMID: 32227537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the rapid development of high-valent Pd-involved organic transformations. This has also led to a steadily growing number of publications concerning the preparation of isolable and characterizable palladium(III) and palladium(IV) complexes. A variety of one-electron and two-electron oxidants have been employed to give access to high-oxidation-state Pd compounds. Undoubtedly, the study of these stoichiometric reactions has great implications for relevant Pd-mediated catalysis. In this minireview, the focus is on the synthetic approaches to structurally determined PdIII/IV complexes starting from their PdII precursors, and the advances in this research area from early 2010 to late 2019 will be highlighted. Chemical oxidations exploiting various oxidizing agents including 1) hypervalent iodine reagents; 2) halogens; 3) electrophilic fluorination reagents; 4) alkyl/aryl halides; 5) ferrocenium salts; 6) peroxides/O2 ; 7) sulfonyl chlorides; and 8) others are covered. A "greener" electrooxidation manner has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China
| | - Xuechao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China
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12
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Ding R, Huang S, Wang Q, Liu Y, Sun B, Tian H. Dichlorination of olefins with diphenyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1774901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of C-H activation methods promoted by NHC-transition metal complexes, covering the literature since 2002 (the year of the first report on metal-NHC-catalyzed C-H activation) through June 2019, focusing on both NHC ligands and C-H activation methods. This review covers C-H activation reactions catalyzed by group 8 to 11 NHC-metal complexes. Through discussing the role of NHC ligands in promoting challenging C-H activation methods, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by directly engaging ubiquitous C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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14
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Astakhov AV, Soliev SB, Gordeev EG, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Relative stabilities of M/NHC complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) against R-NHC, X-NHC and X-X couplings in M(0)/M(ii) and M(ii)/M(iv) catalytic cycles: a theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17052-17062. [PMID: 31696883 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of Ni, Pd, and Pt with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyze numerous organic reactions via proposed typical M0/MII catalytic cycles comprising intermediates with the metal center in (0) and (II) oxidation states. In addition, MII/MIV catalytic cycles have been proposed for a number of reactions. The catalytic intermediates in both cycles can suffer decomposition via R-NHC coupling and the side reductive elimination of the NHC ligand and R groups (R = alkyl, aryl, etc.) to give [NHC-R]+ cations. In this study, the relative stabilities of (NHC)MII(R)(X)L and (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L intermediates (X = Cl, Br, I; L = NHC, pyridine) against R-NHC coupling and other decomposition pathways via reductive elimination reactions were evaluated theoretically. The study revealed that the R-NHC coupling represents the most favorable decomposition pathway for both types of intermediates (MII and MIV), while it is thermodynamically and kinetically more facile for the MIV complexes. The relative effects of the metal M (Ni, Pd, Pt) and ligands L and X on the R-NHC coupling for the MIV complexes were significantly stronger than that for the MII complexes. In particular, for the (NHC)2MIV(Ph)(Br)3 complexes, Ph-NHC coupling was facilitated dramatically from Pt (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 37.5 kcal mol-1) to Pd (ΔG = -61.5 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 18.3 kcal mol-1) and Ni (ΔG = -80.2 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 4.7 kcal mol-1). For the MII oxidation state of the metal, the bis-NHC complexes (L = NHC) were slightly more kinetically and thermodynamically stable against R-NHC coupling than the mono-NHC complexes (L = pyridine). An inverse relation was observed for the MIV oxidation state of the metal as the (NHC)2MIV(R)(X)3 complexes were kinetically (4.3-15.9 kcal mol-1) and thermodynamically (8.0-23.2 kcal mol-1) significantly less stable than the (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L (L = pyridine) complexes. For the NiIV and PdIV complexes, additional decomposition pathways via the reductive elimination of the NHC and X ligands to give the [NHC-X]+ cation (X-NHC coupling) or reductive elimination of the X-X molecule were found to be thermodynamically and kinetically probable. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate significant instability of regular Ni/NHC and Pd/NHC complexes (for example, not additionally stabilized by chelation) and high probability to initiate "NHC-free" catalysis in the reactions comprising MIV intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Safarmurod B Soliev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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15
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl‐Linked Bis‐mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer‐Type Platform to Access Ambient‐Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
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16
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl-Linked Bis-mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer-Type Platform to Access Ambient-Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16907-16911. [PMID: 31502744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of palladium(IV) species has great implications for PdII /PdIV -mediated catalysis. However, most of the PdIV complexes rapidly decompose under ambient conditions, which makes the isolation, characterization and further reactivity study very challenging. The reported ancillary ligand platforms to stabilize PdIV species are dominated by chelating N-donors such as bipyridines. In this work, we present two PdIV complexes with scarcely used C-donors as the supporting platform. The anionic aryl donor and MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) are combined in a [CC'C]-type pincer framework to access a series of ambient-stable PdIV tris(halido) complexes. Their synthesis, solid-state structures, stability, and reactivity are presented. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented herein reports the first isolated PdIV -MIC as well as the first PdIV carbene-based aryl pincer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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17
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Vinoth P, Karuppasamy M, Vachan BS, Muthukrishnan I, Maheswari CU, Nagarajan S, Pace V, Roller A, Bhuvanesh N, Sridharan V. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Syn-Chloropalladation-Olefin Insertion-Oxidative Chlorination Cascade: Synthesis of Dichlorinated Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:3465-3469. [PMID: 31001984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed cascade process involving syn-chloropalladation, intramolecular olefin insertion, and oxidative C-Cl bond formation reactions was demonstrated for the synthesis of dichlorinated tetrahydroquinolines in high yields (up to 93%). The N-propargyl arylamines having a tethered α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety underwent a regioselective syn-chloropalladation followed by a Heck-type reaction to deliver the tetrahydroquinoline scaffold. The rare insertion of the second chlorine atom was rationalized comprising a PdII/IV catalytic cycle and oxidative cleavage of the C-PdII bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Vinoth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India
| | - B S Vachan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India
| | - Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Warangal, Warangal - 506004 , Telangana , India
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur - 613401 , Tamil Nadu India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu - 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
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18
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Liu JQ, Gou XX, Han YF. Chelating Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2257-2276. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
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19
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Palladium-catalysed electrophilic aromatic C-H fluorination. Nature 2018; 554:511-514. [PMID: 29469096 DOI: 10.1038/nature25749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aryl fluorides are widely used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and recent advances have enabled their synthesis through the conversion of various functional groups. However, there is a lack of general methods for direct aromatic carbon-hydrogen (C-H) fluorination. Conventional methods require the use of either strong fluorinating reagents, which are often unselective and difficult to handle, such as elemental fluorine, or less reactive reagents that attack only the most activated arenes, which reduces the substrate scope. A method for the direct fluorination of aromatic C-H bonds could facilitate access to fluorinated derivatives of functional molecules that would otherwise be difficult to produce. For example, drug candidates with improved properties, such as increased metabolic stability or better blood-brain-barrier penetration, may become available. Here we describe an approach to catalysis and the resulting development of an undirected, palladium-catalysed method for aromatic C-H fluorination using mild electrophilic fluorinating reagents. The reaction involves a mode of catalysis that is unusual in aromatic C-H functionalization because no organometallic intermediate is formed; instead, a reactive transition-metal-fluoride electrophile is generated catalytically for the fluorination of arenes that do not otherwise react with mild fluorinating reagents. The scope and functional-group tolerance of this reaction could provide access to functional fluorinated molecules in pharmaceutical and agrochemical development that would otherwise not be readily accessible.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Baron M, Dall'Anese A, Tubaro C, Orian L, Di Marco V, Bogialli S, Graiff C, Basato M. A square planar gold(iii) bis-(1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-methylene-diimidazol-2,2′-diylidene) trication as an efficient and selective receptor towards halogen anions: the cooperative effect of Au⋯X and X⋯HC interactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:935-945. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-NHC gold(iii) complex acts as anion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Anna Dall'Anese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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22
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Burt LK, Ho CC. High Oxidation State Organopalladium(IV) Species: Applications to C–H Activation. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This highlight article focuses on some seminal discoveries in organopalladium(iv) chemistry and the implications and notable applications of these findings in contemporary palladium catalysis and in particular C–H activation.
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23
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Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in High Valent Transition Metal Chemistry. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050780. [PMID: 28498333 PMCID: PMC6154742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, high valent metal complexes have evolved from mere curiosities to being at the forefront of modern catalytic method development. This approach has enabled transformations complimentary to those possible via traditional manifolds, most prominently carbon-heteroatom bond formation. Key to the advancement of this chemistry has been the identification of oxidants that are capable of accessing these high oxidation state complexes. The oxidant has to be both powerful enough to achieve the desired oxidation as well as provide heteroatom ligands for transfer to the metal center; these heteroatoms are often subsequently transferred to the substrate via reductive elimination. Herein we will review the central role that hypervalent iodine reagents have played in this aspect, providing an ideal balance of versatile reactivity, heteroatom ligands, and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, these reagents are environmentally benign, non-toxic, and relatively inexpensive compared to other inorganic oxidants. We will cover advancements in both catalysis and high valent complex isolation with a key focus on the subtle effects that oxidant choice can have on reaction outcome, as well as limitations of current reagents.
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24
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Lee E, Lee J, Yandulov DV. On the Mechanism of the Oxidative Cleavage of N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene–Palladium Bonds with Iodine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 94305‐5080 Stanford CA USA
- Center for Self‐assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) 790‐784 Pohang Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology 790‐784 Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Lee
- Center for Self‐assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) 790‐784 Pohang Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology 790‐784 Pohang Republic of Korea
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25
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Canestrari D, Lancianesi S, Badiola E, Strinna C, Ibrahim H, Adamo MFA. Desulfurative Chlorination of Alkyl Phenyl Sulfides. Org Lett 2017; 19:918-921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canestrari
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefano Lancianesi
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eider Badiola
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chiara Strinna
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hasim Ibrahim
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mauro F. A. Adamo
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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26
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Mondal M, Joji J, Choudhury J. Designing a heterogeneous Pd(ii)–NHC-based C–H activation catalyst on a self-supported coordination polymer platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3185-3188. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An extended RuII(terpy)2-based coordination polymer provides a potential scaffold to design a self-supported, single-site PdII(NHC) oxidative catalyst for challenging reactions such as selective arene monohalogenation with enhanced catalytic activity compared to the homogeneous counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Jinu Joji
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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27
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Asensio JM, Gómez-Sal P, Andrés R, de Jesús E. Synthesis of water-soluble palladium(ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene chelate ligands and their use in the aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6785-6797. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble palladium(ii) complexes with NHC chelate ligands have been prepared and studied as catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Asensio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Sal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Román Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Ernesto de Jesús
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
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28
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Ma D, Zhang C, Chen ZN, Xu X. Rational design of model Pd(ii)-catalysts for C–H activation involving ligands with charge-shift bonding characteristics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2417-2424. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium(ii) complex with a bis-2-borabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene ligand having charge-shift bonding characteristics contributes to better performance for C–H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Congjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Zhe-Ning Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
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29
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Marcos I, Domarco O, Peinador C, Fenández A, Fernández JJ, Vázquez-García D, García MD. Self-assembly of dinuclear Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacyclic receptors incorporating N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as corners. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4182-4190. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacycles were self-assembled in water, using bipyridinium-based ligands and kinetically-labile metal centers having chelating N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Marcos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Olaya Domarco
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Alberto Fenández
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Jesús J. Fernández
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Digna Vázquez-García
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Marcos D. García
- Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
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30
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Meucci EA, Camasso NM, Sanford MS. An Organometalllic NiIV Complex That Participates in Competing Transmetalation and C(sp2)–O Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination Reactions. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Meucci
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole M. Camasso
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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31
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Meyer D, Strassner T. Methylpalladium complexes with pyrimidine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1557-65. [PMID: 27559406 PMCID: PMC4979653 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of methylpalladium(II) complexes with pyrimidine-NHC ligands carrying different aryl- and alkyl substituents R ([((pym)^(NHC-R))PdII(CH3)X] with X = Cl, CF3COO, CH3) has been prepared by transmetalation reactions from the corresponding silver complexes and chloro(methyl)(cyclooctadiene)palladium(II). The dimethyl(1-(2-pyrimidyl)-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene)palladium(II) complex was synthesized via the free carbene route. All complexes were fully characterized by standard methods and in three cases also by a solid state structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Meyer
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Martinez GE, Ocampo C, Park YJ, Fout AR. Accessing Pincer Bis(carbene) Ni(IV) Complexes from Ni(II) via Halogen and Halogen Surrogates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4290-3. [PMID: 27014933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the two-electron oxidation of ((DIPP)CCC)NiX ((DIPP)CCC = bis(diisopropylphenyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)phenyl); X = Cl or Br) with halogen and halogen surrogates to form ((DIPP)CCC)NiX3. These complexes represent a rare oxidation state of nickel, as well as an unprecedented reaction pathway to access these species through Br2 and halogen surrogate (benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide). The Ni(IV) complexes have been characterized by a suite of spectroscopic techniques and can readily reduce to the Ni(II) counterpart, allowing for cycling between the Ni(II)/Ni(IV) oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Espinosa Martinez
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cristian Ocampo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yun Ji Park
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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33
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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34
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Ghorai D, Dutta C, Choudhury J. Switching of “Rollover Pathway” in Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation of Chelating Molecules. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Ghorai
- Organometallics and Smart
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Champak Dutta
- Organometallics and Smart
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics and Smart
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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Cresswell AJ, Eey STC, Denmark SE. Catalytic, Stereoselective Dihalogenation of Alkenes: Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15642-82. [PMID: 26630449 PMCID: PMC5072131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of catalytic, enantioselective halofunctionalizations of alkenes, the related dihalogenation of olefins to afford enantioenriched vicinal dihalide products remains comparatively underdeveloped. However, the growing number of complex natural products bearing halogen atoms at stereogenic centers has underscored this critical gap in the synthetic chemist's arsenal. This Review highlights the selectivity challenges inherent in the design of enantioselective dihalogenation processes, and formulates a mechanism-based classification of alkene dihalogenations, including those that may circumvent the "classical" haliranium (or alkene-dihalogen π-complex) intermediates. A variety of metal and main group halide reagents that have been used for the dichlorination or dibromination of alkenes are discussed, and the proposed mechanisms of these transformations are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley T-C Eey
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 138667 (Singapore)
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://www.scs.illinois.edu/denmark.
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Denmark SE, Carson N. Reinvestigation of a Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkene Dibromination and Chlorohydroxylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:5728-31. [PMID: 26566099 PMCID: PMC4672746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to reproduce eight, putative, enantioselective dibromination and chlorohydroxylation reactions from oft-cited literature studies are described. The reactions were performed with full fidelity to the original report wherever possible. Analysis of the enantiomeric composition was performed by chiral stationary phase HPLC or SFC (CSP-HPLC or CSP-SFC), as opposed to the original report, which used chiral shift reagent NMR spectroscopy. After careful study, the reported levels of enantioselectivity were found to be incorrect. Possible explanations for the false positive results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Denmark
- Roger Adams
Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nessa Carson
- Roger Adams
Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Katalytische stereoselektive Dihalogenierung von Alkenen: Herausforderungen und Chancen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gustafson SJ, Fuller JT, Devarajan D, Snyder J, Periana RA, Hashiguchi BG, Konnick MM, Ess DH. Contrasting Mechanisms and Reactivity of Tl(III), Hg(II), and Co(III) for Alkane C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Gustafson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jack T. Fuller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Deepa Devarajan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Justin Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Brian G. Hashiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael M. Konnick
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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Munz D, Allolio C, Meyer D, Micksch M, Roessner L, Strassner T. Oligoether substituted bis-NHC palladium and platinum complexes for aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and hydrosilylation. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Alikarami M, Farhadi M. Benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Dichloroiodate: A New Reagent for Coiodination of Alkenes. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Desai SP, Mondal M, Choudhury J. Chelating Bis-N-heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium(II) Complexes for Oxidative Arene C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501163m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Puneet Desai
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
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Munz D, Strassner T. Alkane C-H functionalization and oxidation with molecular oxygen. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5043-52. [PMID: 25822853 DOI: 10.1021/ic502515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of environmentally benign, cheap, and economically viable oxidation procedures is a key challenge of homogeneous, oxidative alkane functionalization. The typically harsh reaction conditions and the propensity of dioxygen for radical reactivity call for extraordinary robust catalysts. Mainly three strategies have been applied. These are (1) the combination of a catalyst responsible for C-H activation with a cocatalyst responsible for dioxygen activation, (2) transition-metal catalysts, which react with both hydrocarbons and molecular oxygen, and (3) the introduction of very robust main-group element catalysts for C-H functionalization chemistry. Herein, these three approaches will be assessed and exemplified by the reactivity of chelated palladium (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts in combination with a vanadium cocatalyst, the methane functionalization by cobalt catalysts, and the reaction of group XVII compounds with alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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44
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Jagadeesan R, Velmurugan G, Venuvanalingam P. The nature of Pd–carbene and Pd–halogen bonds in (bisNHC)PdX2 type catalysts: insights from density functional theory. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd–carbene and Pd–halogen play a key role in the catalytic activity of (bisNHC)PdX2 complexes and they can be fine-tuned with proper substitution in the carbene moiety and choosing a weakly coordinating halide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Jagadeesan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
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Takenaka K. 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes via Palladium(II)/Palladium(IV) Catalytic Cycle. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
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Gupta SK, Choudhury J. Templating an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-cyclometalated Cp*IrIII-based oxidation precatalyst on a pendant coordination platform: assessment of the oxidative behavior via electrochemical, spectroscopic and catalytic probes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1233-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03161j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cp*IrIII(NHC)-based precatalyst does not compromise on its efficiency in catalytic C–H oxidation activity when templated on a coordination platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K. Gupta
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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47
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Munz D, Strassner T. On the Mechanism of the Palladium Bis(NHC) Complex Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Propane: Experiment and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2014; 20:14872-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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49
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Perera TA, Masjedi M, Sharp PR. Photoreduction of Pt(IV) Chloro Complexes: Substrate Chlorination by a Triplet Excited State. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7608-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi A. Perera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Mehdi Masjedi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Paul R. Sharp
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
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50
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Propanaktivierung durch Palladiumkomplexe mit chelatisierenden Bis(NHC)-Liganden unter aerober Cooxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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