1
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Seling N, Atobe M, Kasten K, Firth JD, Karadakov PB, Goldberg FW, O'Brien P. α-Functionalisation of Cyclic Sulfides Enabled by Lithiation Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314423. [PMID: 37984884 PMCID: PMC10952194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A general and straightforward procedure for the lithiation trapping of cyclic sulfides such as tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran and a thiomorpholine is described. Trapping with a wide range of electrophiles is demonstrated, leading to more than 50 diverse α-substituted saturated sulfur heterocycles. The methodology provides access to a range of α-substituted cyclic sulfides that are not easily synthesised by the currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Seling
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
- Modulus Discovery, Inc.Daiichi Hibiya Building 7th Floor1-18-21 Shimbashi Minato-kuTokyo105-0004Japan
| | - Kevin Kasten
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
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2
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Malik M, Senatore R, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Base-mediated homologative rearrangement of nitrogen-oxygen bonds of N-methyl- N-oxyamides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10140-10146. [PMID: 37772102 PMCID: PMC10530184 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the well known reactivity of C(O)-N functionalities towards canonical C1-homologating agents (e.g. carbenoids, diazomethane, ylides), resulting in the extrusion of the N-centered fragment en route to carbonyl compounds, formal C1-insertions within N-O bonds still remain obscure. Herein, we document the homologative transformation of N-methyl-N-oxyamides - with high tolerance for diverse O-substituents - into N-acyl-N,O-acetals. Under controlled basic conditions, the N-methyl group of the same starting materials acts as a competent precursor of the methylene synthon required for the homologation. The logic is levered on the formation of an electrophilic iminium ion (via N-O heterolysis) susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the alkoxide previously expulsed. The procedure documents genuine chemocontrol and flexibility, as judged by the diversity of substituents placed on both amide and nitrogen linchpins. The mechanistic rationale was validated through experiments conducted on D-labeled materials which unambiguously attributed the origin of the methylene fragment to the N-methyl group of the starting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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3
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Linne Y, Birkner M, Flormann J, Lücke D, Becker JA, Kalesse M. Sparteine-Free, Highly Stereoselective Construction of Complex Allylic Alcohols Using 1,2-Metallate Rearrangements. JACS AU 2023; 3:1695-1710. [PMID: 37388702 PMCID: PMC10301690 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Stereotriads bearing allylic alcohols are privileged structures in natural products, and new methods accessing these in a stereoselective fashion are highly sought after. Toward this goal, we found that the use of chiral polyketide fragments allows for performing the Hoppe-Matteson-Aggarwal rearrangement in the absence of sparteine with high yields and diastereoselectivities, rendering this protocol a highly valuable alternative to the Nozaki-Hiyama-Takai-Kishi reaction. The switch of directing groups in most cases resulted in the reversed stereochemical outcome, which could be explained by conformational analysis on density functional theory level and a Felkin-like model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Linne
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Birkner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Flormann
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Lücke
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg August Becker
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Centre
of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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4
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Saunthwal RK, Schwarz M, Mallick RK, Terry-Wright W, Clayden J. Enantioselective Intramolecular α-Arylation of Benzylamine Derivatives: Synthesis of a Precursor to Levocetirizine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216758. [PMID: 36698284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A practical, transition metal-free method allows the enantioselective synthesis of α,α-diarylmethylamines by asymmetric α-arylation of benzylamines. Enantioselective lithiation of N'-aryl-N-benzyl-N-isopropyl ureas using a chiral lithium amide base generates a benzyllithium that undergoes an unactivated stereospecific intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution to generate an α,α-diarylmethylamine in the form of its urea derivative, in up to >99 % ee. Treatment with acid induces an "azatropic shift" with retention of configuration, the product of which may be hydrolysed to the target amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Maria Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rajendra K Mallick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - William Terry-Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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5
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Jones SP, Firth JD, Wheldon MC, Atobe M, Hubbard RE, Blakemore DC, De Fusco C, Lucas SCC, Roughley SD, Vidler LR, Whatton MA, Woolford AJA, Wrigley GL, O'Brien P. Exploration of piperidine 3D fragment chemical space: synthesis and 3D shape analysis of fragments derived from 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1614-1620. [PMID: 36545433 PMCID: PMC9749955 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is now widely adopted for lead generation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fragment screening collections are often predominantly populated with flat, 2D molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis of piperidine-based 3D fragment building blocks - 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates using simple and general synthetic methods. cis-Piperidines, accessed through a pyridine hydrogenation were transformed into their trans-diastereoisomers using conformational control and unified reaction conditions. Additionally, diastereoselective lithiation/trapping was utilised to access trans-piperidines. Analysis of a virtual library of fragments derived from the 20 cis- and trans-disubstituted piperidines showed that it consisted of 3D molecules with suitable molecular properties to be used in fragment-based drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Paul Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Mary C. Wheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation632-1 Mifuku, IzunokuniShizuoka 410-2321Japan
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Vernalis (R&D) Ltd.Granta Park, AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6GBUK
| | | | - Claudia De Fusco
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic Modalities13353BerlinGermany
| | - Simon C. C. Lucas
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | | | - Lewis R. Vidler
- Amphista TherapeuticsThe Cori Building, Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridge CB21 6GQUK
| | - Maria Ann Whatton
- Evotec (UK) LtdDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Campus, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, AbingdonOxonOX14 4RZUK
| | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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6
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Jordan A, Hall CGJ, Thorp LR, Sneddon HF. Replacement of Less-Preferred Dipolar Aprotic and Ethereal Solvents in Synthetic Organic Chemistry with More Sustainable Alternatives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6749-6794. [PMID: 35201751 PMCID: PMC9098182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents comprise just over 40% of all organic solvents utilized in synthetic organic, medicinal, and process chemistry. Unfortunately, many of the common "go-to" solvents are considered to be "less-preferable" for a number of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) reasons such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or for practical handling reasons such as flammability and volatility. Recent legislative changes have initiated the implementation of restrictions on the use of many of the commonly employed dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and for ethers such as 1,4-dioxane. Thus, with growing legislative, EHS, and societal pressures, the need to identify and implement the use of alternative solvents that are greener, safer, and more sustainable has never been greater. Within this review, the ubiquitous nature of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed with respect to the physicochemical properties that have made them so appealing to synthetic chemists. An overview of the current legislative restrictions being imposed on the use of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed. A variety of alternative, safer, and more sustainable solvents that have garnered attention over the past decade are then examined, and case studies and examples where less-preferable solvents have been successfully replaced with a safer and more sustainable alternative are highlighted. Finally, a general overview and guidance for solvent selection and replacement are included in the Supporting Information of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2GA, U.K
| | - Callum G J Hall
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL, U.K.,GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lee R Thorp
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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7
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García‐Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, Hevia E, García‐Álvarez J. Advancing Air‐ and Moisture‐Compatible s‐Block Organometallic Chemistry Using Sustainable Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. García‐Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie (DCBP) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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8
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Elorriaga D, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Lara-Sánchez A, Castro-Osma JA, García-Álvarez J. Fast Addition of s-Block Organometallic Reagents to CO 2 -Derived Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature, Under Air, and in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2084-2092. [PMID: 33666346 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast addition of highly polar organometallic reagents (RMgX/RLi) to cyclic carbonates (derived from CO2 as a sustainable C1 synthon) has been studied in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a green reaction medium or in the absence of external volatile organic solvents, at room temperature, and in the presence of air/moisture. These reaction conditions are generally forbidden with these highly reactive main-group organometallic compounds. The correct stoichiometry and nature of the polar organometallic alkylating or arylating reagent allows straightforward synthesis of: highly substituted tertiary alcohols, β-hydroxy esters, or symmetric ketones, working always under air and at room temperature. Finally, an unprecedented one-pot/two-step hybrid protocol is developed through combination of an Al-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide with the concomitant fast addition of RLi reagents to the in situ and transiently formed cyclic carbonate, thus allowing indirect conversion of CO2 into the desired highly substituted tertiary alcohols without need for isolation or purification of any reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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9
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10
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Maddocks CJ, Ermanis K, Clarke PA. Asymmetric "Clip-Cycle" Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Spiropyrrolidines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8116-8121. [PMID: 32991808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of an asymmetric "clip-cycle" synthesis of 2,2- and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidines and spiropyrrolidines, which are increasingly important scaffolds in drug discovery programs, is reported. Cbz-protected bis-homoallylic amines were activated by "clipping" them to thioacrylate via an alkene metathesis reaction. Enantioselective intramolecular aza-Michael cyclization onto the activated alkene, catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid, formed a pyrrolidine. The reaction accommodated a range of substitutions to form 2,2- and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidines and spiropyrrolidines with high enantioselectivities. The importance of the thioester activating group was demonstrated by comparison to ketone and oxoester-containing substrates. DFT studies supported the aza-Michael cyclization as the rate- and stereochemistry-determining step and correctly predicted the formation of the major enantiomer. The catalytic asymmetric syntheses of N-methylpyrrolidine alkaloids (R)-irnidine and (R)-bgugaine, which possess DNA binding and antibacterial properties, were achieved using the "clip-cycle" methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Maddocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorks, U.K., YO10 5DD
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, U.K., CB2 1EW
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorks, U.K., YO10 5DD
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11
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Fairley M, Bole LJ, Mulks FF, Main L, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, García-Alvarez J, Hevia E. Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6500-6509. [PMID: 32874519 PMCID: PMC7441706 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 2-methyl THF as solvent enables efficient and ultrafast amidation of esters by lithium amides at room temperature in air, edging closer towards reaching air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry.
Lithium amides constitute one of the most commonly used classes of reagents in synthetic chemistry. However, despite having many applications, their use is handicapped by the requirement of low temperatures, in order to control their reactivity, as well as the need for dry organic solvents and protective inert atmosphere protocols to prevent their fast decomposition. Advancing the development of air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry, the chemoselective and ultrafast amidation of esters mediated by lithium amides is reported. Establishing a novel sustainable access to carboxamides, this has been accomplished via direct C–O bond cleavage of a range of esters using glycerol or 2-MeTHF as a solvent, in air. High yields and good selectivity are observed while operating at ambient temperature, without the need for transition-metal mediation, and the protocol extends to transamidation processes. Pre-coordination of the organic substrate to the reactive lithium amide as a key step in the amidation processes has been assessed, enabling the structural elucidation of the coordination adduct [{Li(NPh2)(O
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CPh(NMe2))}2] (8) when toluene is employed as a solvent. No evidence for formation of a complex of this type has been found when using donor THF as a solvent. Structural and spectroscopic insights into the constitution of selected lithium amides in 2-MeTHF are provided that support the involvement of small kinetically activated aggregates that can react rapidly with the organic substrates, favouring the C–O bond cleavage/C–N bond formation processes over competing hydrolysis/degradation of the lithium amides by moisture or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fairley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Laura Main
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Joaquín García-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) , Facultad de Química , Universidad de Oviedo , E-33071 , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
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12
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Liu S, Gray D, Zhu L, Girolami GS. Lithium–Olefin π-Complexes and the Mechanism of Carbolithiation: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Crystal Structure of (2,2-Dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl)lithium. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Danielle Gray
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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13
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Monticelli S, Holzer W, Langer T, Roller A, Olofsson B, Pace V. Sustainable Asymmetric Organolithium Chemistry: Enantio- and Chemoselective Acylations through Recycling of Solvent, Sparteine, and Weinreb "Amine". CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1147-1154. [PMID: 30614208 PMCID: PMC6704367 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The well-established Hoppe-Beak chemistry, which involves enantioselective generation of organolithium compounds in the presence of (-)-sparteine, was revisited and applied to unprecedented acylations with Weinreb amides to access highly enantioenriched α-oxyketones and cyclic α-aminoketones. Recycling of the sustainable solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether, sparteine, and the released Weinreb "amine" [HNMe(OMe)] was possible through a simple work-up procedure that enabled full recovery of these precious materials. The methodology features a robust scope and flexibility, thus allowing the enantioselective preparation of scaffolds amenable of further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-Ray Structure Analysis CenterUniversity of ViennaWaehringerstrasse 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySe-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
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14
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Mykura RC, Veth S, Varela A, Dewis L, Farndon JJ, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Investigation of the Deprotonative Generation and Borylation of Diamine-Ligated α-Lithiated Carbamates and Benzoates by in Situ IR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14677-14686. [PMID: 30260635 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diamine-mediated α-deprotonation of O-alkyl carbamates or benzoates with alkyllithium reagents, trapping of the carbanion with organoboron compounds, and 1,2-metalate rearrangement of the resulting boronate complex are the primary steps by which organoboron compounds can be stereoselectively homologated. Although the final step can be easily monitored by 11B NMR spectroscopy, the first two steps, which are typically carried out at cryogenic temperatures, are less well understood owing to the requirement for specialized analytical techniques. Investigation of these steps by in situ IR spectroscopy has provided invaluable data for optimizing the homologation reactions of organoboron compounds. Although the deprotonation of benzoates in noncoordinating solvents is faster than that in ethereal solvents, the deprotonation of carbamates shows the opposite trend, a difference that has its origin in the propensity of carbamates to form inactive parasitic complexes with the diamine-ligated alkyllithium reagent. Borylation of bulky diamine-ligated lithiated species in toluene is extremely slow, owing to the requirement for initial complexation of the oxygen atoms of the diol ligand on boron with the lithium ion prior to boron-lithium exchange. However, ethereal solvent, or very small amounts of THF, facilitate precomplexation through initial displacement of the bulky diamines coordinated to the lithium ion. Comparison of the carbonyl stretching frequencies of boronates derived from pinacol boronic esters with those derived from trialkylboranes suggests that the displaced lithium ion is residing on the pinacol oxygen atoms and the benzoate/carbamate carbonyl group, respectively, explaining, at least in part, the faster 1,2-metalate rearrangements of boronates derived from the trialkylboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory C Mykura
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Simon Veth
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Ana Varela
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Lydia Dewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Joshua J Farndon
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry , NUI Galway , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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15
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Chen X, Zhao H, Chen C, Jiang H, Zhang M. Iridium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative α-Functionalization of (Hetero)aryl-Fused Cyclic Secondary Amines with Indoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:1171-1174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular
Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular
Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular
Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular
Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular
Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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16
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Pace V, Monticelli S, de la Vega-Hernández K, Castoldi L. Isocyanates and isothiocyanates as versatile platforms for accessing (thio)amide-type compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7848-54. [PMID: 27461156 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The addition of carbon (Grignard and organolithium reagents) and hydride nucleophiles (Schwartz reagent) to isocyanates and isothiocyanates constitutes a versatile, direct and high yielding approach to the synthesis of functionalized (thio)amide derivatives including haloamides and formamides. The chemoselective delivery of a nucleophilic (eventually configurationally stable) organometallic species to a given iso(thio)cyanate is the crucial parameter for the success of the strategy. Thus, the influence of the factors governing classical methodologies (e.g. dehydrative condensation) such as steric hindrance and electronic properties of the reactants become practically negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karen de la Vega-Hernández
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Millán A, Grigol Martinez PD, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Polypropionate Fragments based on a Building Block Assembly Strategy using Lithiation-Borylation Methodologies. Chemistry 2017; 24:730-735. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Millán
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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18
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Barozzino-Consiglio G, Hamdoun G, Fressigné C, Harrison-Marchand A, Maddaluno J, Oulyadi H. A Combined 1
H/6
Li NMR DOSY Strategy Finally Uncovers the Structure of Isopropyllithium in THF. Chemistry 2017; 23:12475-12479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
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19
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Fernández-Nieto F, Paleo MR, Colunga R, Raposo ML, Garcia-Rio L, Sardina FJ. The Two Alternative Rate-Determining Steps in Benzylic Lithiation Reactions of Esters and Carbamates. Org Lett 2016; 18:5520-5523. [PMID: 27768316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lithiation reactions of tertiary benzylic esters and carbamates have been studied. Kinetic methodology revealed that a two-step reaction pathway should be considered for these reactions, where either the lithium precomplexation and/or the proton transfer steps can be rate determining. Kinetic isotopic effects were evaluated by comparison of the lithiations of the corresponding protio/deutero substrates, and the results obtained support the notion that lithium precomplexation is taking place on the reaction pathway and that it is the rate-determining step in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernández-Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Rita Paleo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Colunga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Luz Raposo
- Departamento de Química Física and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Rio
- Departamento de Química Física and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Javier Sardina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Jin H, Kim ST, Hwang GS, Ryu DH. L-Proline Derived Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Dithiomalonates to trans-β-Nitroolefins. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3263-74. [PMID: 26989804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel L-proline derived tertiary amine bifunctional organocatalysts 9 are reported, which were applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of dithiomalonates 2 to trans-β-nitroolefins 1. The reaction proceeded in high yields (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated in the short synthesis of (R)-phenibut in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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21
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Dutartre M, Bayardon J, Jugé S. Applications and stereoselective syntheses of P-chirogenic phosphorus compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5771-5794. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review reports the best stereoselective or asymmetric syntheses, the most efficient P*-building blocks and functionalisation of P-chirogenic compounds, in the light of chiral phosphorus compound applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dutartre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-StéréochIM)
- UMR CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon Cedex
- France
| | - Jérôme Bayardon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-StéréochIM)
- UMR CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon Cedex
- France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-StéréochIM)
- UMR CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon Cedex
- France
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22
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Firth JD, O’Brien P, Ferris L. Synthesis of Enantiopure Piperazines via Asymmetric Lithiation–Trapping of N-Boc Piperazines: Unexpected Role of the Electrophile and Distal N-Substituent. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:651-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Firth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca U.K., Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, U.K
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23
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Doulcet J, Stephenson GR. The Use of (-)-Sparteine/Organolithium Reagents for the Enantioselective Lithiation of 7,8-Dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene: Single and Double Kinetic Resolution Procedures. Chemistry 2015; 21:18677-89. [PMID: 26560342 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of organolithium reagent (RLi: R=nBu, iPr, sBu, tBu), solvent (diethyl ether, diethyl ether/THF and MTBE), and stoichiometry on the (-)-sparteine-mediated silylation of 7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene shows that, unusually, substantially more than 0.5 equivalent of RLi (R=iPr, sBu, tBu) and a large excess of (-)-sparteine (R=nBu, sBu) is often needed to achieve substantial conversions and good ee values. With nBuLi, however, just one equivalent of the organolithium reagent is sufficient to obtain high conversions. Our best results were obtained using the convenient tBuLi/(-)-sparteine adduct with which the need for a high (-)-sparteine/RLi ratio can be avoided. Single- and double-kinetic resolution (KR) procedures give enantiopure samples of 2-trimethylsilyl- and 2,13-di(trimethylsilyl)-7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene and two-step double-KR combining (-)-sparteine/sBuLi and chiral formamides affords the synthetically valuable 2-formyl-7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene. This is the first use of (-)-sparteine for the enantioselective lithiation of helicenes and the first report of tBuLi outperforming sBuLi in a (-)-sparteine-mediated procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Doulcet
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ (UK)
| | - G Richard Stephenson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ (UK).
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24
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Safranek S, Roller A, Langer T, Holzer W. A Robust, Eco‐Friendly Access to Secondary Thioamides through the Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Isothiocyanates in Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (CPME). Chemistry 2015; 21:18966-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Sandra Safranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14 1090, Vienna (Austria)
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25
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Moriya K, Simon M, Mose R, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Stereoselektive, konfigurationserhaltende Domino-Transmetallierung sekundärer Alkyllithiumverbindungen zu funktionalisierten, sekundären Alkylkupferreagentien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Moriya K, Simon M, Mose R, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Stereoselective Retentive Domino Transmetalations of Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds to Functionalized Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10963-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Doulcet J, Stephenson GR. Novel Asymmetric Formylation of Aromatic Compounds: Enantioselective Synthesis of Formyl 7,8-Dipropyltetrathia[7]helicenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:13431-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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McSweeney CM, Foley VM, McGlacken GP. The asymmetric alkylation of dimethylhydrazones; intermolecular chirality transfer using sparteine as chiral ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14817-9. [PMID: 25318599 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of ketones represents a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry. Chiral auxiliaries have been used almost exclusively for this transformation. Herein we describe a strategy for the generation of enantiomerically enriched α-alkylated ketones up to an er of 83 : 17, using a chiral ligand protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M McSweeney
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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29
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Cochrane EJ, Hassall LA, Coldham I. Preparation of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by Lithiation–Substitution. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5964-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Cochrane
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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30
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Moriya K, Didier D, Simon M, Hammann JM, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Mayr H, Knochel P. Stereoselective Synthesis and Reactions of Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents Functionalized at the 3-Position. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2754-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Moriya K, Didier D, Simon M, Hammann JM, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Mayr H, Knochel P. Stereoselektive Synthese und Reaktionen von in Position 3 funktionalisierten sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Castagnolo D, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Clayden J. Enantioselective carbolithiation of S-alkenyl-N-aryl thiocarbamates: kinetic and thermodynamic control. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2330-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbolithiation of vinyl thiocarbamates may proceed with the same sense of enantioselectivity with either (−)-sparteine and (+)-sparteine surrogate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
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33
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Firth JD, O'Brien P, Ferris L. Revisiting the sparteine surrogate: development of a resolution route to the (-)-sparteine surrogate. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9357-65. [PMID: 25297971 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The improved performance of the sparteine surrogate compared to sparteine in a range of applications has highlighted the need to develop an approach to the (-)-sparteine surrogate, previously inaccessible in gram-quantities. A multi-gram scale, chromatography-free synthesis of the racemic sparteine surrogate and its resolution via diastereomeric salt formation with (-)-O,O'-di-p-toluoyl-l-tartaric acid is reported. Resolution on a 10.0 mmol scale gave the diastereomeric salts in 33% yield from which (-)-sparteine surrogate of 93 : 7 er was generated. This work solves a key limitation: either enantiomer of the sparteine surrogate can now be readily accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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34
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Canipa SJ, Stute A, O'Brien P. Use of copper(II)/diamine catalysts in the desymmetrisation of meso-diols and asymmetric Henry reactions: comparison of (−)-sparteine and (+)-sparteine surrogates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Rayner PJ, Gelardi G, O'Brien P, Horan RAJ, Blakemore DC. On the synthesis of α-amino sulfoxides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3499-512. [PMID: 24759885 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic study on the preparation of N-Boc α-amino sulfoxides has revealed an unexpected instability which is believed to be due to α-elimination of the sulfoxide to give an iminium ion. Full synthetic details are reported on two main synthetic routes: lithiation and sulfinate trapping of N-Boc heterocycles and oxidation of N-Boc α-amino sulfides. Six novel α-amino sulfoxides were successfully prepared and isolated. It is speculated that four other α-amino sulfoxides were synthesised but could not be isolated due to their propensity to α-eliminate the sulfoxide. Ultimately, a stable, cyclic N-Boc α-amino sulfoxide was prepared and this successful synthesis relied on the α-amino sulfoxide being part of a bicyclic [3.1.0] fused ring system that could not undergo α-elimination of the sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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36
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Lao JR, Benet-Buchholz J, Vidal-Ferran A. 1,1-P–OP Ligands with P-Stereogenic Phosphino Groups in Asymmetric Hydrogenations and Hydroformylations. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan R. Lao
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Paı̈sos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - J. Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Paı̈sos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anton Vidal-Ferran
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Paı̈sos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), P. Lluı́s Companys,
23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Dynamics of the Lithium Amide/Alkyllithium Interactions: Mixed Dimers and Beyond. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2014_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Gelardi G, Barker G, O'Brien P, Blakemore DC. Asymmetric lithiation trapping of N-Boc heterocycles at temperatures above -78 °C. Org Lett 2013; 15:5424-7. [PMID: 24180685 DOI: 10.1021/ol402395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric lithiation trapping of N-Boc heterocycles using s-BuLi/chiral diamines at temperatures up to -20 °C is reported. Depending on the N-Boc heterocycle, lithiation is accomplished using s-BuLi and (-)-sparteine or the (+)-sparteine surrogate in the temperature range -50 to -20 °C for short reaction times (2-20 min). Subsequent electrophilic trapping or transmetalation-Negishi coupling delivered functionalized N-Boc heterocycles in 47-95% yield and 77:23-93:7 er. With N-Boc pyrrolidine, trapped products can be generated in ∼90:10 er even at -20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gelardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U. K., and Neusentis Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U. K
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39
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Liniger M, Estermann K, Altmann KH. Total synthesis of hygrolines and pseudohygrolines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11066-70. [PMID: 24102677 DOI: 10.1021/jo4017343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise two-step synthesis of all four diastereoisomeric hygrolines ((-)-hygroline (1), (+)-hygroline (2), (-)-pseudohygroline (3), (+)-pseudohygroline (4)) has been developed based on the (-)-sparteine (5)- or (+)-sparteine surrogate 11-mediated enantioselective lithiation of N-Boc pyrrolidine (6), followed by reaction of the chiral anion with (S)- or (R)-propylene oxide. Reduction of the resulting N-Boc amino alcohols furnished hygrolines and pseudohygrolines in 30% to 56% overall yields with dr's > 95:5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Liniger
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, Baudoux J. (−)-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:712-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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41
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Breuning M, Hein D. 5-Substituted Derivatives of the Tricyclic (+)-Sparteine Surrogate in the Enantioselective Lithiation/Stannylation of anO-Alkyl Carbamate. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Mixed aggregates of an alkyl lithium reagent and a chiral lithium amide derived from N-ethyl-O-triisopropylsilyl valinol. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14367-79. [PMID: 23980610 DOI: 10.1021/ja406912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a mixed aggregate containing lithiated (S)-N-ethyl-3-methyl-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)butan-2-amine derived from (S)-valinol and cyclopentyllithium is determined by X-ray diffraction. The mixed aggregate adopts a ladder structure in the solid state. The ladder-type mixed aggregate is also the major species in a toluene-d8 solution containing an approximately 1:1 molar ratio of the lithiated chiral amide to cyclopentyllithium. A variety of NMR experiments including diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) with diffusion coefficient-formula (D-FW) weight correlation analyses and other one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques allowed us to characterize the complex in solution. Solution state structures of the mixed aggregates of n-butyl, sec-butyllithium, isopropyllithium with lithiated (S)-N-ethyl-3-methyl-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)butan-2-amine are also reported. Identical dimeric, ladder-type, mixed aggregates are the major species at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 lithium chiral amide to alkyllithium in toluene-d8 solution for all of the different alkyllithium reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , 324 Brook Street,Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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43
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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44
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Characterization of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12400-6. [PMID: 23875807 DOI: 10.1021/ja4059102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state structures of unsolvated, hexameric cyclopentyllithium and tetrameric cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran solvate were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclopentyllithium easily crystallized in hydrocarbon solvents. Solution-state structural analyses of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium-tetrahydrofuran complexes in toluene-d8 were also carried out by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy with diffusion coefficient-formula weight correlation analyses and other one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The solution-state studies suggest that unsolvated cyclopentyllithium exists as hexamer and tetramer equilibrating with each other. Upon solvation with tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyllithium exists mostly as a tetrahydrofuran tetrasolvated tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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45
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46
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Steffen P, Unkelbach C, Christmann M, Hiller W, Strohmann C. Catalytic and Stereoselectiveortho-Lithiation of a Ferrocene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9836-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Mechanism of the Deprotonation Reaction of Alkyl Benzyl Ethers withn-Butyllithium. Chemistry 2013; 19:9677-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Mansueto R, Perna FM, Salomone A, Florio S, Capriati V. Dynamic resolution of lithiated ortho-trifluoromethyl styrene oxide and the effect of chiral diamines on the barrier to enantiomerisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4911-3. [PMID: 23478355 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first dynamic thermodynamic resolution of a racemic oxiranyllithium is described with selectivities of up to 82 : 18 from a selection of three types of chiral ligands (seven ligands in total). Both (-)-sparteine and its (+)-surrogate were surprisingly found to increase the enantiomerisation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmara Mansueto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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49
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Rayner PJ, O'Brien P, Horan RAJ. Preparation and reactions of enantiomerically pure α-functionalized Grignard reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8071-7. [PMID: 23647498 DOI: 10.1021/ja4033956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the generation of enantiomerically pure α-functionalized chiral Grignard reagents is presented. The approach involves the synthesis of α-alkoxy and α-amino sulfoxides in ≥99:1 dr and ≥99:1 er via asymmetric deprotonation (s-BuLi/chiral diamine) and trapping with Andersen's sulfinate (menthol derived). Subsequent sulfoxide → Mg exchange (room temperature, 1 min) and electrophilic trapping delivers a range of enantiomerically pure α-alkoxy and α-amino substituted products. Using this approach, either enantiomer of products can be accessed in 99:1 er from asymmetric deprotonation protocols without the use of (-)-sparteine as the chiral ligand. Two additional discoveries are noteworthy: (i) for the deprotonation and trapping with Andersen's sulfinate, there is a lack of stereospecificity at sulfur due to attack of a lithiated intermediate onto the α-alkoxy and α-amino sulfoxides as they form, and (ii) the α-alkoxy-substituted Grignard reagent is configurationally stable at room temperature for 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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50
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Aznar R, Grabulosa A, Mannu A, Muller G, Sainz D, Moreno V, Font-Bardia M, Calvet T, Lorenzo J. [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(P*)] and [RuCl2(κ-P*-η6-arene)] Complexes Containing P-Stereogenic Phosphines. Activity in Transfer Hydrogenation and Interactions with DNA. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3012294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Aznar
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnald Grabulosa
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Mannu
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Istituto
di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Guillermo Muller
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sainz
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virtudes Moreno
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Departament de Crystal·lografia,
Mineralogia i Dipòsits
Minerals, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Calvet
- Departament de Crystal·lografia,
Mineralogia i Dipòsits
Minerals, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
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