1
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Hein D, Wartner G, Bergmann A, Bernal M, Roldan Cuenya B, Seidel R. Reversible Water-Induced Phase Changes of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15450-15457. [PMID: 33103880 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt oxides have been identified as highly active catalysts for the electrochemical water splitting and oxygen evolution reaction. Using near-ambient pressure resonant photoelectron spectroscopy, we studied changes in the metal-oxygen coordination of size-selected core-shell CoOx nanoparticles induced by liquid water. In dry conditions, the nanoparticles exhibit an octahedrally coordinated Co2+ core and a tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ shell. In the presence of liquid water, we observe a reversible phase change of the nanoparticle shell into octahedrally coordinated Co2+ as well as partially oxidized octahedrally coordinated Co3+. This is in contrast to previous findings, suggesting an irreversible phase change of tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ after the oxygen evolution reaction conditioning. Our results demonstrate the appearance of water-induced structural changes different from voltage-induced changes and help us to understand the atomic scale interaction of CoOx nanoparticles with water in electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Garlef Wartner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Bergmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Bernal
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Optimal methodology for explicit solvation prediction of band edges of transition metal oxide photocatalysts. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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3
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Smith JW, Saykally RJ. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquids and Solutions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13909-13934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard J. Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Joint Analysis of Radiative and Non-Radiative Electronic Relaxation Upon X-ray Irradiation of Transition Metal Aqueous Solutions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24659. [PMID: 27098342 PMCID: PMC4838826 DOI: 10.1038/srep24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
L-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy has been proven to be a powerful tool to unravel the peculiarities of electronic structure of transition metal compounds in solution. However, the X-ray absorption spectrum is often probed in the total or partial fluorescence yield modes, what leads to inherent distortions with respect to the true transmission spectrum. In the present work, we combine photon- and electron-yield experimental techniques with multi-reference first principles calculations. Exemplified for the prototypical FeCl2 aqueous solution we demonstrate that the partial yield arising from the Fe3s → 2p relaxation is a more reliable probe of the absorption spectrum than the Fe3d → 2p one. For the bonding-relevant 3d → 2p channel we further provide the basis for the joint analysis of resonant photoelectron and inelastic X-ray scattering spectra. Establishing the common energy reference allows to assign both spectra using the complementary information provided through electron-out and photon-out events.
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5
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Seidel R, Winter B, Bradforth SE. Valence Electronic Structure of Aqueous Solutions: Insights from Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:283-305. [PMID: 27023757 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The valence orbital electron binding energies of water and of embedded solutes are crucial quantities for understanding chemical reactions taking place in aqueous solution, including oxidation/reduction, transition-metal coordination, and radiation chemistry. Their experimental determination based on liquid-photoelectron spectroscopy using soft X-rays is described, and we provide an overview of valence photoelectron spectroscopy studies reported to date. We discuss principal experimental aspects and several theoretical approaches to compute the measured binding energies of the least tightly bound molecular orbitals. Solutes studied are presented chronologically, from simple electrolytes, via transition-metal ion solutions and several organic and inorganic molecules, to biologically relevant molecules, including aqueous nucleotides and their components. In addition to the lowest vertical ionization energies, the measured valence photoelectron spectra also provide information on adiabatic ionization energies and reorganization energies for the oxidation (ionization) half-reaction. For solutes with low solubility, resonantly enhanced ionization provides a promising alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seidel
- Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; ,
| | - Bernd Winter
- Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; ,
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
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6
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Seidel R, Atak K, Thürmer S, Aziz EF, Winter B. Ti3+ Aqueous Solution: Hybridization and Electronic Relaxation Probed by State-Dependent Electron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seidel
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaan Atak
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Atak K, Golnak R, Xiao J, Pflüger M, Brandenburg T, Winter B, Aziz EF. Co(iii) protoporphyrin IX chloride in solution: spin-state and metal coordination revealed from resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and electronic structure calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3409-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04703f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The local electronic structure of the cobalt centre-ion of Co(iii) protoporphyrin IX chloride dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) liquid solution is studied by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy at the cobalt L-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Atak
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Ronny Golnak
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Jie Xiao
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Mika Pflüger
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Tim Brandenburg
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Bernd Winter
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
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8
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Shi H, Lercher JA, Yu XY. Sailing into uncharted waters: recent advances in the in situ monitoring of catalytic processes in aqueous environments. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances inin situstudies of catalytic processes in the aqueous environment with an outlook of mesoscale imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
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9
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Zhong J, Zhang H, Sun X, Lee ST. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of carbon and silicon nanostructures for energy applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7786-806. [PMID: 25204894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and silicon materials are two of the most important materials involved in the history of the science and technology development. In the last two decades, C and Si nanoscale materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanowires, and quantum dots, have also emerged as the most interesting nanomaterials in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their myriad promising applications such as for electronics, sensors, biotechnology, etc. In particular, carbon and silicon nanostructures are being utilized in energy-related applications such as catalysis, batteries, solar cells, etc., with significant advances. Understanding of the nature of surface and electronic structures of nanostructures plays a key role in the development and improvement of energy conversion and storage nanosystems. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related techniques, such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), show unique capability in revealing the surface and electronic structures of C and Si nanomaterials. In this review, XAS is demonstrated as a powerful technique for probing chemical bonding, the electronic structure, and the surface chemistry of carbon and silicon nanomaterials, which can greatly enhance the fundamental understanding and also applicability of these nanomaterials in energy applications. The focus is on the unique advantages of XAS as a complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for effectively providing chemical and structural information about carbon and silicon nanostructures. The employment of XAS for in situ, real-time study of property evolution of C and Si nanostructures to elucidate the mechanisms in energy conversion or storage processes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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10
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Yepes D, Seidel R, Winter B, Blumberger J, Jaque P. Photoemission Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of 3d Transition Metal–Aqua Complexes (Ti–Cu) in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6850-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5012389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yepes
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Robert Seidel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Bernd Winter
- Joint
Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz−Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY II, Albert−Einstein−Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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11
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Bokarev SI, Dantz M, Suljoti E, Atak K, Winter B, Kühn O, Aziz EF. Bokarev et al. Reply. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:129303. [PMID: 24724688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.129303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Dantz
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Suljoti
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Atak
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - E F Aziz
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Kunnus K, Josefsson I, Schreck S, Quevedo W, Miedema PS, Techert S, de Groot FMF, Odelius M, Wernet P, Föhlisch A. From Ligand Fields to Molecular Orbitals: Probing the Local Valence Electronic Structure of Ni2+ in Aqueous Solution with Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16512-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ida Josefsson
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Schreck
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Max
Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Department
of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Bokarev SI, Dantz M, Suljoti E, Kühn O, Aziz EF. State-dependent electron delocalization dynamics at the solute-solvent interface: soft-x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083002. [PMID: 24010434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative decay channels in the L-edge fluorescence yield spectra from transition-metal-aqueous solutions give rise to spectral distortions with respect to x-ray transmission spectra. Their origin is unraveled here using partial and inverse partial fluorescence yields on the microjet combined with multireference ab initio electronic structure calculations. Comparing Fe2+, Fe3+, and Co2+ systems we demonstrate and quantify unequivocally the state-dependent electron delocalization within the manifold of d orbitals as one origin of this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
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14
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Lange KM, Aziz EF. Electronic structure of ions and molecules in solution: a view from modern soft X-ray spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6840-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Golnak R, Atak K, Suljoti E, Hodeck KF, Lange KM, Soldatov MA, Engel N, Aziz EF. Local electronic structure of aqueous zinc acetate: oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy on micro-jets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8046-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Lange KM, Golnak R, Bonhommeau S, Aziz EF. Ligand discrimination of myoglobin in solution: an iron L-edge X-ray absorption study of the active centre. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4163-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37973f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of the active centre of myoglobin in the met-form, in the reduced form and upon ligation to O2, CO, NO and CN are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronny Golnak
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
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17
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Wernet P, Kunnus K, Schreck S, Quevedo W, Kurian R, Techert S, de Groot FMF, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Dissecting Local Atomic and Intermolecular Interactions of Transition-Metal Ions in Solution with Selective X-ray Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3448-3453. [PMID: 26290971 DOI: 10.1021/jz301486u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining covalent and charge-transfer contributions to bonding in solution has remained an experimental challenge. Here, the quenching of fluorescence decay channels as expressed in dips in the L-edge X-ray spectra of solvated 3d transition-metal ions and complexes was reported as a probe. With a full set of experimental and theoretical ab initio L-edge X-ray spectra of aqueous Cr(3+), including resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we address covalency and charge transfer for this prototypical transition-metal ion in solution. We dissect local atomic effects from intermolecular interactions and quantify X-ray optical effects. We find no evidence for the asserted ultrafast charge transfer to the solvent and show that the dips are readily explained by X-ray optical effects and local atomic state dependence of the fluorescence yield. Instead, we find, besides ionic interactions, a covalent contribution to the bonding in the aqueous complex of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wernet
- †Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- †Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Simon Schreck
- †Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- †Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simone Techert
- #Structural Dynamics of (Bio)chemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Odelius
- ∥Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- †Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Kurian R, Kunnus K, Wernet P, Butorin SM, Glatzel P, de Groot FMF. Intrinsic deviations in fluorescence yield detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy: the case of the transition metal L₂,₃ edges. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:452201. [PMID: 23060535 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/45/452201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence yield (FY) detected x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of 3d transition metal ions are calculated from the integrated 2p3d resonant x-ray emission spectra. The resulting FY-XAS spectra are compared with the normal XAS spectra corresponding to the absorption cross section and significant deviations between the two spectra are found. This implies that the assumption that the FY-XAS spectrum identifies with the XAS spectrum is disproved. Especially for the early transition metal systems the differences between the FY-XAS and XAS are large, due to the opening of inelastic decay channels from selected x-ray absorption final states. The theoretical calculations show that the difference between FY detection and XAS is largest for the detection in depolarized geometry. The calculations are compared with experimental spectra for oxides and coordination compounds for Fe(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) systems. The implications for the sum rules in XAS and magnetic circular dichroism experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Kurian
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
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19
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Lange KM, Aziz EF. The Hydrogen Bond of Water from the Perspective of Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:318-27. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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On the origin of dips in total fluorescence yield X-ray absorption spectra: Partial and inverse partial fluorescence yield at the L-edge of cobalt aqueous solution. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brown MA, Vila F, Sterrer M, Thürmer S, Winter B, Ammann M, Rehr JJ, van Bokhoven JA. Electronic Structures of Formic Acid (HCOOH) and Formate (HCOO(-)) in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1754-1759. [PMID: 26291855 DOI: 10.1021/jz300510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures of formic acid (HCOOH) and formate (HCOO(-)) have been determined in aqueous solutions over a pH range of 1.88-8.87 using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), partial electron-yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy (PEY XAS), and density functional theory (DFT). The carbon 1s XPS measurements reveal a binding energy shift of -1.3 eV for deprotonated HCOO(-) compared with neutral HCOOH. Such distinction between neutral HCOOH and deprotonated HCOO(-) cannot be made based solely on the respective carbon K-edge PEY XA spectra. Independent of pH, the C1s → π* state excitations occur at 288.0 eV and may lead to the incorrect conclusion that the energy levels of the π* state are the same for both species. The DFT calculations are consistent with the experimental observations and show a shift to higher energy for both the occupied C1s (lower binding energy) and unoccupied π* orbitals of deprotonated HCOO(-) compared to neutral HCOOH in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brown
- †Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Vila
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States
| | - Martin Sterrer
- §Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- ∥Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie and BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- ∥Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie and BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ammann
- ⊥Laboratory for Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - John J Rehr
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- †Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- #Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Lange KM, Kothe A, Aziz EF. Chemistry in solution: recent techniques and applications using soft X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5331-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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