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Lyu Y, Scrimin P. Mimicking Enzymes: The Quest for Powerful Catalysts from Simple Molecules to Nanozymes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Lyu
- University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Lyu Y, Martínez Á, D’Incà F, Mancin F, Scrimin P. The Biotin-Avidin Interaction in Biotinylated Gold Nanoparticles and the Modulation of Their Aggregation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1559. [PMID: 34199307 PMCID: PMC8231960 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The biotin-avidin interaction is used as a binding tool for the conjugation of biomolecules for more diverse applications; these include nanoparticle conjugation. Despite this, a thorough investigation on the different aggregates that may result from the interaction of biotinylated nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles, AuNPs, in this work) with avidin has not been carried out so far. In this paper, we address this problem and show the type of aggregates formed under thermodynamic and kinetic control by varying the biotinylated AuNP/avidin ratio and the order of addition of the two partners. The analysis was performed by also addressing the amount of protein able to interact with the AuNPs surface and is fully supported by the TEM images collected for the different samples and the shift of the surface plasmon resonance band. We show that the percentage of saturation depends on the size of the nanoparticles, and larger nanoparticles (19 nm in diameter) manage to accommodate a relatively larger amount of avidins than smaller ones (11 nm). The AuNPs are isolated or form small clusters (mostly dimers or trimers) when a large excess or a very low amount of avidin is present, respectively, or form large clusters at stoichiometric concentration of the protein. Daisy-like systems are formed under kinetic control conditions when nanoparticles first covered with the protein are treated with a second batch of biotinylated ones but devoid of avidin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (Y.L.); (Á.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (Y.L.); (Á.M.); (F.D.)
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3
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Czescik J, Mancin F, Strömberg R, Scrimin P. The Mechanism of Cleavage of RNA Phosphodiesters by a Gold Nanoparticle Nanozyme. Chemistry 2021; 27:8143-8148. [PMID: 33780067 PMCID: PMC8251847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage of uridine 3'-phosphodiesters bearing alcohols with pKa ranging from 7.14 to 14.5 catalyzed by AuNPs functionalized with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-Zn(II) complexes has been studied to unravel the source of catalysis by these nanosystems (nanozymes). The results have been compared with those obtained with two Zn(II) dinuclear catalysts for which the mechanism is fairly understood. Binding to the Zn(II) ions by the substrate and the uracil of uridine was observed. The latter leads to inhibition of the process and formation of less productive binding complexes than in the absence of the nucleobase. The nanozyme operates with these substrates mostly via a nucleophilic mechanism with little stabilization of the pentacoordinated phosphorane and moderate assistance in leaving group departure. This is attributed to a decrease of binding strength of the substrate to the catalytic site in reaching the transition state due to an unfavorable binding mode with the uracil. The nanozyme favors substrates with better leaving groups than the less acidic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czescik
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
- Current address: School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityB4 7ETBirminghamUK
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
| | | | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
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4
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Czescik J, Zamolo S, Darbre T, Rigo. R, Sissi C, Pecina A, Riccardi L, De Vivo M, Mancin F, Scrimin P. A Gold Nanoparticle Nanonuclease Relying on a Zn(II) Mononuclear Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1423-1432. [PMID: 32985766 PMCID: PMC7839518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Similarly to enzymes, functionalized gold nanoparticles efficiently catalyze chemical reactions, hence the term nanozymes. Herein, we present our results showing how surface-passivated gold nanoparticles behave as synthetic nanonucleases, able to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA with the highest efficiency reported so far for catalysts based on a single metal ion mechanism. Experimental and computational data indicate that we have been successful in creating a catalytic site precisely mimicking that suggested for natural metallonucleases relying on a single metal ion for their activity. It comprises one Zn(II) ion to which a phosphate diester of DNA is coordinated. Importantly, as in nucleic acids-processing enzymes, a positively charged arginine plays a key role by assisting with transition state stabilization and by reducing the pKa of the nucleophilic alcohol of a serine. Our results also show how designing a catalyst for a model substrate (bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate) may provide wrong indications as for its efficiency when it is tested against the real target (plasmid DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czescik
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
- Current address: School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityB4 7ETBirminghamUK
| | - Susanna Zamolo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 3CH-3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 3CH-3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Riccardo Rigo.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 535131PadovaItaly
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 535131PadovaItaly
| | - Adam Pecina
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug DiscoveryIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
| | - Laura Riccardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug DiscoveryIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug DiscoveryIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo, 135131PadovaItaly
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5
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Czescik J, Zamolo S, Darbre T, Rigo. R, Sissi C, Pecina A, Riccardi L, De Vivo M, Mancin F, Scrimin P. A Gold Nanoparticle Nanonuclease Relying on a Zn(II) Mononuclear Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czescik
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Current address: School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University B4 7ET Birmingham UK
| | - Susanna Zamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rigo.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Adam Pecina
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Laura Riccardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
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6
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Fedel M, Callone E, Ziarelli F, Deflorian F, Dirè S. Influence of Gd3+ on molecular organization and electrochemical properties of Si-based organic/inorganic sol-gel layers. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Factors Influencing the Activity of Nanozymes in the Cleavage of an RNA Model Substrate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152814. [PMID: 31374998 PMCID: PMC6696475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-nm gold nanoparticles passivated with different thiols all featuring at least one triazacyclonanone-Zn(II) complex and different flanking units (a second Zn(II) complex, a triethyleneoxymethyl derivative or a guanidinium of arginine of a peptide) were prepared and studied for their efficiency in the cleavage of the RNA-model substrate 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The source of catalysis for each of them was elucidated from the kinetic analysis (Michaelis–Menten profiles, pH dependence and kinetic isotope effect). The data indicated that two different mechanisms were operative: One involving two Zn(II) complexes and the other one involving a single Zn(II) complex and a flanking guanidinium cation. The mechanism based on a dinuclear catalytic site appeared more efficient than the one based on the cooperativity between a metal complex and a guanidinium.
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8
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Partitioning surface ligands on nanocrystals for maximal solubility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2454. [PMID: 31165734 PMCID: PMC6549164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical colloidal nanoparticle can be viewed as a nanocrystal-ligands complex with an inorganic single-crystalline core, the nanocrystal, bonded with a monolayer of organic ligands. The surface chemistry of nanocrystal-ligands complexes is crucial to their bulk properties. However, deciphering the molecular pictures of the nonperiodic and dynamic organic-inorganic interlayer is a grand technical challenge, and this hampers the quantitative perception of their macroscopic phenomena. Here we show that the atomic arrangement on nanocrystal surface and ligand-ligand interactions can be precisely quantified through comprehensive solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) methodologies. The analyses reveal that the mixed ligands of n-alkanoates on a CdSe nanocrystal segregate in areal partitions and the unique arrangement unlocks their rotational freedom. The mathematical model based on the NMR-derived ligand partition and dynamics successfully predicts the unusual solubility of nanocrystal-ligands complexes with mixed ligands, which is several orders of magnitude higher than that of nanocrystal-ligands complexes with pure ligands. Entropic ligands can dramatically improve the solubility of nanocrystals, but it is not known how these mixed ligand systems actually arrange and interact on a particle surface. Here, the authors use advanced solid-state NMR techniques to understand the partitioning and dynamics of entropic mixed ligand shells on CdSe nanocrystals, and relate this molecular picture to the particles’ macroscopic solubility behavior.
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9
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Gold nanoparticles with patterned surface monolayers for nanomedicine: current perspectives. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:749-771. [PMID: 28865004 PMCID: PMC5693983 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a topic attracting intense scientific interest. Various strategies have been developed for construction of molecular aggregates with rationally designed properties, geometries, and dimensions that promise to provide solutions to both theoretical and practical problems in areas such as drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and biosensors, to name but a few. In this respect, gold nanoparticles covered with self-assembled monolayers presenting nanoscale surface patterns-typically patched, striped or Janus-like domains-represent an emerging field. These systems are particularly intriguing for use in bio-nanotechnology applications, as presence of such monolayers with three-dimensional (3D) morphology provides nanoparticles with surface-dependent properties that, in turn, affect their biological behavior. Comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical interactions occurring at the interface between these versatile nanomaterials and biological systems is therefore crucial to fully exploit their potential. This review aims to explore the current state of development of such patterned, self-assembled monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles, through step-by-step analysis of their conceptual design, synthetic procedures, predicted and determined surface characteristics, interactions with and performance in biological environments, and experimental and computational methods currently employed for their investigation.
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10
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Ong Q, Luo Z, Stellacci F. Characterization of Ligand Shell for Mixed-Ligand Coated Gold Nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1911-1919. [PMID: 28771322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles owe a large number of their properties to their ligand shell. Indeed, many researchers routinely use mixtures of ligand molecules for their nanoparticles to impart complex property sets. It has been shown that the morphology of ligand shells (e.g., Janus, random, stripelike) leads to specific properties. Examples include wettability, solubility, protein nonspecific adsorption, cell penetration, catalysis, and cation-capturing abilities. Yet, it remains a great challenge to evaluate such morphologies in even the most fundamental terms such as dimension and shape. In this Account, we review recent progress in characterization techniques applicable to gold nanoparticles with ligand shells composed of mixed ligands. We divide the characterization into three major categories, namely, microscopy, spectroscopy, and simulation. In microscopy, we review progresses in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. In spectroscopy, we mainly highlight recent achievements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), small angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron spin resonance (EPR), and adsorption based spectroscopies. In simulation, we point out the latest results in understanding thermodynamic stability of ligand shell morphology and emphasize the role of computer simulation for helping interpretation of experimental data. We conclude with a perspective of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Ong
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne-1015, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Luo
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne-1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne-1015, Switzerland
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11
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Riccardi L, Gabrielli L, Sun X, De Biasi F, Rastrelli F, Mancin F, De Vivo M. Nanoparticle-Based Receptors Mimic Protein-Ligand Recognition. Chem 2017; 3:92-109. [PMID: 28770257 PMCID: PMC5521955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a monolayer of ligands on the surface of noble-metal nanoparticles dictates the fundamental nanoparticle's behavior and its functionality. In this combined computational-experimental study, we analyze the structure, organization, and dynamics of functionalized coating thiols in monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We explain how functionalized coating thiols self-organize through a delicate and somehow counterintuitive balance of interactions within the monolayer itself and with the solvent. We further describe how the nature and plasticity of these interactions modulate nanoparticle-based chemosensing. Importantly, we found that self-organization of coating thiols can induce the formation of binding pockets in AuNPs. These transient cavities can accommodate small molecules, mimicking protein-ligand recognition, which could explain the selectivity and sensitivity observed for different organic analytes in NMR chemosensing experiments. Thus, our findings advocate for the rational design of tailored coating groups to form specific recognition binding sites on monolayer-protected AuNPs. Synthesis and molecular simulations of AuNPs for chemosensing A rationale for the molecular recognition ability of functionalized AuNPs Functionalized coating ligands form transient protein-like binding pockets Toward the computational nanodesign of intelligent nanoreceptors for chemosensing
The functionalization of monolayer-protected nanoparticles is at the frontier of nanotechnology, such that innovative applications are emerging in fields such as nanomedicine, chemosensing, and even catalysis. Importantly, the nanoparticle's functionality is mainly defined by the nature of the ligands forming the coating monolayer. Here, we show how the self-organization of functionalized coating ligands in monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) affects their solubility and molecular recognition abilities. We found that coating ligands form transient, protein-like binding pockets in functionalized AuNPs. Thus, we reveal that nanoparticle-based chemosensing operates through a recognition process that is similar to that for protein-ligand complex formation. These findings could now herald the arrival of the computational nanodesign of intelligent nanodevices with recognition abilities toward small molecules such as drugs, metabolites, illegal drugs, and small molecular markers for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico De Biasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.,IAS-5/INM-9 Computational Biomedicine Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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12
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Caputo F, Mameli M, Sienkiewicz A, Licoccia S, Stellacci F, Ghibelli L, Traversa E. A novel synthetic approach of cerium oxide nanoparticles with improved biomedical activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4636. [PMID: 28680107 PMCID: PMC5498533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are novel synthetic antioxidant agents proposed for treating oxidative stress-related diseases. The synthesis of high-quality CNPs for biomedical applications remains a challenging task. A major concern for a safe use of CNPs as pharmacological agents is their tendency to agglomerate. Herein we present a simple direct precipitation approach, exploiting ethylene glycol as synthesis co-factor, to synthesize at room temperature nanocrystalline sub-10 nm CNPs, followed by a surface silanization approach to improve nanoparticle dispersibility in biological fluids. CNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. CNP redox activity was studied in abiotic systems using electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, and in vitro on human cell models. In-situ silanization improved CNP colloidal stability, in comparison with non-functionalized particles, and allowed at the same time improving their original biological activity, yielding thus functionalized CNPs suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Caputo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Mameli
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Licoccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Roma, Italy.
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Goldmann C, Ribot F, Peiretti LF, Quaino P, Tielens F, Sanchez C, Chanéac C, Portehault D. Quantified Binding Scale of Competing Ligands at the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles: The Role of Entropy and Intermolecular Forces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604028. [PMID: 28371306 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A basic understanding of the driving forces for the formation of multiligand coronas or self-assembled monolayers over metal nanoparticles is mandatory to control and predict the properties of ligand-protected nanoparticles. Herein, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and advanced density functional theory (DFT) modeling are combined to highlight the key parameters defining the efficiency of ligand exchange on dispersed gold nanoparticles. The compositions of the surface and of the liquid reaction medium are quantitatively correlated for bifunctional gold nanoparticles protected by a range of competing thiols, including an alkylthiol, arylthiols of varying chain length, thiols functionalized by ethyleneglycol units, and amide groups. These partitions are used to build scales that quantify the ability of a ligand to exchange dodecanethiol. Such scales can be used to target a specific surface composition by choosing the right exchange conditions (ligand ratio, concentrations, and particle size). In the specific case of arylthiols, the exchange ability scale is exploited with the help of DFT modeling to unveil the roles of intermolecular forces and entropic effects in driving ligand exchange. It is finally suggested that similar considerations may apply to other ligands and to direct biligand synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goldmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Ribot
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo F Peiretti
- Preline, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola Quaino
- Preline, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Frederik Tielens
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Chanéac
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Portehault
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne, Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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14
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Marchetti A, Chen J, Pang Z, Li S, Ling D, Deng F, Kong X. Understanding Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in Functional Nanomaterials via Solid-State NMR. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605895. [PMID: 28247966 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface and interfacial chemistry is of fundamental importance in functional nanomaterials applied in catalysis, energy storage and conversion, medicine, and other nanotechnologies. It has been a perpetual challenge for the scientific community to get an accurate and comprehensive picture of the structures, dynamics, and interactions at interfaces. Here, some recent examples in the major disciplines of nanomaterials are selected (e.g., nanoporous materials, battery materials, nanocrystals and quantum dots, supramolecular assemblies, drug-delivery systems, ionomers, and graphite oxides) and it is shown how interfacial chemistry can be addressed through the perspective of solid-state NMR characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchetti
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Juner Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Pang
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Feng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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15
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Ligand Exchange and 1H NMR Quantification of Single- and Mixed-Moiety Thiolated Ligand Shells on Gold Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28238127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in biomedicine critically depends on their surface chemistry. For metal nanoparticles, a common way to tune this surface chemistry is through mass action ligand exchange, where ligand exchange can be used to expand the functionality of the resulting nanoparticle conjugates. Specifically, the quantity, identity, and arrangement of the molecules in the resulting ligand shell each can be tuned significantly. Here, we describe methods to exchange and quantify thiolated and non-thiolated ligands on gold nanoparticle surfaces. Importantly, these strategies allow the quantification of multiple ligand types within a single ligand shell, simultaneously providing ligand composition and ligand density information. These results are crucial for both designing and assigning structure-function relationships in bio-functionalized nanoparticles, and these methods can be applied to a broad range of nanoparticle cores and ligand types including peptides, small molecule drugs, and oligonucleotides.
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16
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Jha S, Ramadori F, Quarta S, Biasiolo A, Fabris E, Baldan P, Guarino G, Ruvoletto M, Villano G, Turato C, Gatta A, Mancin F, Pontisso P, Scrimin P. Binding and Uptake into Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells of Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:222-229. [PMID: 27771945 PMCID: PMC5247774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most daunting challenges of nanomedicine is the finding of appropriate targeting agents to deliver suitable payloads precisely to cells affected by malignancies. Even more complex is the ability to ensure that the nanosystems enter those cells. Here, we use 2 nm (metal core) gold nanoparticles to target human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells stably transfected with the SERPINB3 (SB3) protein. The nanoparticles were coated with a 85:15 mixture of thiols featuring, respectively, a phosphoryl choline (to ensure water solubility and biocompatibility) and a 28-mer peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 21-47 of the hepatitis B virus-PreS1 protein (PreS1(21-47)). Conjugation of the peptide was performed via the maleimide-thiol reaction in methanol, allowing the use of a limited amount of the targeting molecule. This is an efficient procedure also in the perspective of selecting libraries of new targeting agents. The rationale behind the selection of the peptide is that SB3, which is undetectable in normal hepatocytes, is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and in hepatoblastoma and has been proposed as a target of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For the latter, the key recognition element is the PreS1(21-47) peptide, which is a fragment of one of the proteins composing the viral envelope. The ability of the conjugated nanoparticles to bind the target protein SB3, expressed in liver cancer cells, was investigated by surface plasmon resonance analysis and in vitro via cellular uptake analysis followed by atomic absorption analysis of digested samples. The results showed that the PreS1(21-47) peptide is a suitable targeting agent for cells overexpressing the SB3 protein. Even more important is the evidence that the gold nanoparticles are internalized by the cells. The comparison between the surface plasmon resonance analysis and the cellular uptake studies suggests that the presentation of the protein on the cell surface is critical for efficient recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadru Jha
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Ramadori
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabris
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Baldan
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Guarino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ruvoletto
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Villano
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Turato
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Gatta
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Univeristà di Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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17
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Li N, García-Rodríguez R, Matthews PD, Luo HK, Wright DS. Synthesis, structure and paramagnetic NMR analysis of a series of lanthanide-containing [LnTi6O3(OiPr)9(salicylate)6] cages. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4287-4295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of paramagnetic Ln3+ ions on the NMR behaviour is investigated via a series of new isostructural lanthanide-containing cages with the general formula [LnTi6O3(OiPr)9(salicylate)6] (Ln = La–Er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
| | | | - Peter D. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
| | - He-Kuan Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research
- Singapore
- Singapore
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18
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Şologan M, Marson D, Polizzi S, Pengo P, Boccardo S, Pricl S, Posocco P, Pasquato L. Patchy and Janus Nanoparticles by Self-Organization of Mixtures of Fluorinated and Hydrogenated Alkanethiolates on the Surface of a Gold Core. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9316-9325. [PMID: 27662338 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous self-organization of dissimilar ligands on the surface of metal nanoparticles is a very appealing approach to obtain anisotropic "spherical" systems. In addition to differences in ligand length and end groups, a further thermodynamic driving force to control the self-assembled monolayer organization may become available if the ligands are inherently immiscible, as is the case of hydrogenated (H-) and fluorinated (F-) species. Here, we validate the viability of this approach by combining 19F NMR experiments and multiscale molecular simulations on large sets of mixed-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (NPs). The phase segregation of blends of F- and H-thiolates grafted on the surface of gold NPs allows a straightforward approach to patterned mixed monolayers, with the shapes of the monolayer domains being encoded in the structure of the F/H-thiolate ligands. The results obtained from this comprehensive study offer molecular design rules to achieve a precise control of inorganic nanoparticles protected by specifically patterned monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Polizzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venezia , via Torino 155/b, I-30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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19
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Diez-Castellnou M, Salvia MV, Springhetti S, Rastrelli F, Mancin F. Nanoparticle-Assisted Affinity NMR Spectroscopy: High Sensitivity Detection and Identification of Organic Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:16957-16963. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Diez-Castellnou
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marie-Virginie Salvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL”; Université de Perpignan; 58 Avenue Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan Cedex France
| | - Sara Springhetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Federico Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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20
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Burrows ND, Lin W, Hinman JG, Dennison JM, Vartanian AM, Abadeer NS, Grzincic EM, Jacob LM, Li J, Murphy CJ. Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9905-9921. [PMID: 27568788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique optical properties, and they have the potential to greatly impact many areas of science and technology. Understanding the structure and chemical makeup of their surfaces as well as how to tailor them is of paramount importance in the development of their successful applications. This Feature Article reviews the current understanding of the surface chemistry of as-synthesized gold nanorods, methods of tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods with various inorganic and organic coatings/ligands, and the techniques employed to characterize ligands on the surface of gold nanorods as well as the associated measurement challenges. Specifically, we address the challenges of determining how thick the ligand shell is, how many ligands per nanorod are present on the surface, and where the ligands are located in regiospecific and mixed-ligand systems. We conclude with an outlook on the development of the surface chemistry of gold nanorods leading to the development of a synthetic nanoparticle surface chemistry toolbox analogous to that of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wayne Lin
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua G Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jordan M Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ariane M Vartanian
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nardine S Abadeer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elissa M Grzincic
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lisa M Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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21
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Şologan M, Cantarutti C, Bidoggia S, Polizzi S, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Routes to the preparation of mixed monolayers of fluorinated and hydrogenated alkanethiolates grafted on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 2016; 191:527-543. [PMID: 27459891 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of binary blends of hydrogenated and fluorinated alkanethiolates represents an interesting approach to the construction of anisotropic hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles since the fluorinated and hydrogenated components are expected to self-sort on the nanoparticle surface because of their reciprocal phobicity. These mixed monolayers are therefore strongly non-ideal binary systems. The synthetic routes we explored to achieve mixed monolayer gold nanoparticles displaying hydrogenated and fluorinated ligands clearly show that the final monolayer composition is a non-linear function of the initial reaction mixture. Our data suggest that, under certain geometrical constraints, nucleation and growth of fluorinated domains could be the initial event in the formation of these mixed monolayers. The onset of domain formation depends on the structure of the fluorinated and hydrogenated species. The solubility of the mixed monolayer nanoparticles displayed a marked discontinuity as a function of the monolayer composition. When the fluorinated component content is small, the nanoparticle systems are fully soluble in chloroform, at intermediate content the nanoparticles become soluble in hexane and eventually they become soluble in fluorinated solvents only. The ranges of monolayer compositions in which the solubility transitions are observed depend on the nature of the thiols composing the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Şologan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and INSTM Trieste Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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22
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Bürgi T. Properties of the gold-sulphur interface: from self-assembled monolayers to clusters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15553-67. [PMID: 26360607 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The gold-sulphur interface of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was extensively studied some time ago. More recently tremendous progress has been made in the preparation and characterization of thiolate-protected gold clusters. In this feature article we address different properties of the two systems such as their structure, the mobility of the thiolates on the surface and other dynamical aspects, the chirality of the structures and characteristics related to it and their vibrational properties. SAMs and clusters are in the focus of different communities that typically use different experimental approaches to study the respective systems. However, it seems that the nature of the Au-S interfaces in the two cases is quite similar. Recent single crystal X-ray structures of thiolate-protected gold clusters reveal staple motifs characterized by gold ad-atoms sandwiched between two sulphur atoms. This finding contradicts older work on SAMs. However, newer studies on SAMs also reveal ad-atoms. Whether this finding can be generalized remains to be shown. In any case, more and more studies highlight the dynamic nature of the Au-S interface, both on flat surfaces and in clusters. At temperatures slightly above ambient thiolates migrate on the gold surface and on clusters. Evidence for desorption of thiolates at room temperature, at least under certain conditions, has been demonstrated for both systems. The adsorbed thiolate can lead to chirality at different lengths scales, which has been shown both on surfaces and for clusters. Chirality emerges from the organization of the thiolates as well as locally at the molecular level. Chirality can also be transferred from a chiral surface to an adsorbate, as evidenced by vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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23
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Salvia MV, Salassa G, Rastrelli F, Mancin F. Turning Supramolecular Receptors into Chemosensors by Nanoparticle-Assisted “NMR Chemosensing”. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11399-406. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Virgine Salvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salassa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
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24
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The study of transient protein-nanoparticle interactions by solution NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:102-14. [PMID: 25936778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of novel nanoscale materials for applications in biomedicine urges an improved characterization of the nanobio interfaces. Nanoparticles exhibit unique structures and properties, often different from the corresponding bulk materials, and the nature of their interactions with biological systems remains poorly characterized. Solution NMR spectroscopy is a mature technique for the investigation of biomolecular structure, dynamics, and intermolecular associations, however its use in protein-nanoparticle interaction studies remains scarce and highly challenging, particularly due to unfavorable hydrodynamic properties of most nanoscale assemblies. Nonetheless, recent efforts demonstrated that a number of NMR observables, such as chemical shifts, signal intensities, amide exchange rates and relaxation parameters, together with newly designed saturation transfer experiments, could be successfully employed to characterize the orientation, structure and dynamics of proteins adsorbed onto nanoparticle surfaces. This review provides the first survey and critical assessment of the contributions from solution NMR spectroscopy to the study of transient interactions between proteins and both inorganic (gold, silver, and silica) and organic (polymer, carbon and lipid based) nanoparticles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
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25
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Pezzato C, Maiti S, Chen JLY, Cazzolaro A, Gobbo C, Prins LJ. Monolayer protected gold nanoparticles with metal-ion binding sites: functional systems for chemosensing applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9922-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Au NPs containing binding sites for metal ions in the monolayer are attractive components of sensing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - S. Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - J. L.-Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - A. Cazzolaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - C. Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - L. J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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26
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Piserchia A, Zerbetto M, Frezzato D. Probing the conformational energetics of alkyl thiols on gold surfaces by means of a morphing/steering non-equilibrium tool. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8038-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Jarzynski's equality is applied to compute the torsion free energy, bond-by-bond, for a probe alkyl thiol tethered to a gold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Mirco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Diego Frezzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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27
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Biscarini F, Ong QK, Albonetti C, Liscio F, Longobardi M, Mali KS, Ciesielski A, Reguera J, Renner C, De Feyter S, Samorì P, Stellacci F. Quantitative analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy images of mixed-ligand-functionalized nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13723-13734. [PMID: 24083627 DOI: 10.1021/la403546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected gold nanoparticles exhibit large local curvatures, features rapidly varying over small scales, and chemical heterogeneity. Their imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can, in principle, provide direct information on the architecture of their ligand shell, yet STM images require laborious analysis and are challenging to interpret. Here, we report a straightforward, robust, and rigorous method for the quantitative analysis of the multiscale features contained in STM images of samples consisting of functionalized Au nanoparticles deposited onto Au/mica. The method relies on the analysis of the topographical power spectral density (PSD) and allows us to extract the characteristic length scales of the features exhibited by nanoparticles in STM images. For the mixed-ligand-protected Au nanoparticles analyzed here, the characteristic length scale is 1.2 ± 0.1 nm, whereas for the homoligand Au NPs this scale is 0.75 ± 0.05 nm. These length scales represent spatial correlations independent of scanning parameters, and hence the features in the PSD can be ascribed to a fingerprint of the STM contrast of ligand-protected nanoparticles. PSD spectra from images recorded at different laboratories using different microscopes and operators can be overlapped across most of the frequency range, proving that the features in the STM images of nanoparticles can be compared and reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Biscarini
- Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
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28
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Ong QK, Reguera J, Silva PJ, Moglianetti M, Harkness K, Longobardi M, Mali KS, Renner C, De Feyter S, Stellacci F. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8529-39. [PMID: 24024977 DOI: 10.1021/nn402414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles protected by a binary mixture of thiolate molecules have a ligand shell that can spontaneously separate into nanoscale domains. Complex morphologies arise in such ligand shells, including striped, patchy, and Janus domains. Characterization of these morphologies remains a challenge. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging has been one of the key approaches to determine these structures, yet the imaging of nanoparticles' surfaces faces difficulty stemming from steep surface curvature, complex molecular structures, and the possibility of imaging artifacts in the same size range. Images obtained to date have lacked molecular resolution, and only domains have been resolved. There is a clear need for images that resolve the molecular arrangement that leads to domain formation on the ligand shell of these particles. Herein we report an advance in the STM imaging of gold nanoparticles, revealing some of the molecules that constitute the domains in striped and Janus gold nanoparticles. We analyze the images to determine molecular arrangements on parts of the particles, highlight molecular "defects" present in the ligand shell, show persistence of the features across subsequent images, and observe the transition from quasi-molecular to domain resolution. The ability to resolve single molecules in the ligand shell of nanoparticles could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the ligand structure in determining the properties of mixed-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials, École Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Perrone B, Springhetti S, Ramadori F, Rastrelli F, Mancin F. “NMR Chemosensing” Using Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticles as Receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11768-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Springhetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Ramadori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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30
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Liu X, Yu M, Kim H, Mameli M, Stellacci F. Determination of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle ligand-shell morphology using NMR. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1182. [PMID: 23149727 PMCID: PMC3514491 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is accepted that the ligand shell morphology of nanoparticles coated with a monolayer of molecules can be partly responsible for important properties such as cell membrane penetration and wetting. When binary mixtures of molecules coat a nanoparticle, they can arrange randomly or separate into domains, for example, forming Janus, patchy or striped particles. To date, there is no straightforward method for the determination of such structures. Here we show that a combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR can be used to determine the ligand shell structure of a series of particles covered with aliphatic and aromatic ligands of varying composition. This approach is a powerful way to determine the ligand shell structure of patchy particles; it has the limitation of needing a whole series of compositions and ligands' combinations with NMR peaks well separated and whose shifts due to the surrounding environment can be large enough. Binary mixtures of molecules on the surface of nanoparticles can arrange randomly or into different domains to form Janus, patchy or striped particles. Liu et al. show that NMR can be used to determine the ligand-shell morphology of particles coated with aliphatic and aromatic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Vaud CH-1015, Switzerland
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Mancin F, Prins LJ, Scrimin P. Catalysis on gold-nanoparticle-passivating monolayers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Posocco P, Gentilini C, Bidoggia S, Pace A, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Pasquato L. Self-organization of mixtures of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon amphiphilic thiolates on the surface of gold nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7243-7253. [PMID: 22804477 DOI: 10.1021/nn302366q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers composed of a mixture of thiolate molecules, featuring hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon chains (H- and F-chains) terminating with a short poly(oxoethylene) (PEG) moiety, are the most extreme example of surfactant immiscibility on gold nanoparticles reported so far. The phase segregation between H-chains and F-chains and the consequent, peculiar folding of PEG chains are responsible for the increased affinity of a selected radical probe for the fluorinated region, which increases as the size of the fluorinated domains decrease, independently of the shape of such domains. This feature has been revealed by ESR measurements and an in silico innovative multiscale molecular simulations approach in explicit water. Our results reveal an underlying mechanism of a transmission of the organization of the monolayer from the inner region close to the gold surface toward the external hydrophilic PEG region. Moreover, this study definitively proves that a mixed monolayer is a complex system with properties markedly different from those characterizing the parent homoligand monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Posocco
- Molecular Simulation Engineering Laboratory (MOSE), DI3, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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