1
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Abou-Ezze K, Llevot A, Taton D. Exploiting the Reversible Dimerization of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes to Access Dynamic Polymer Networks with an Organocatalytic Activity. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1008-1015. [PMID: 39052990 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The capability of some N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to reversibly dimerize is exploited to access dynamic polymer networks. Benzimidazolium motifs serving as NHC precursors have thus been supported onto copolymer chains by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of styrene and up to 20 mol % of 4-vinylbenzyl-ethyl-benzimidazolium chloride. Molecular versions of 1,3-dialkyl benzimidazolium salts have been synthesized as models, the deprotonation of which with a strong base yields the NHC dimers in the form of tetraaminoalkenes. The crossover reaction between two distinct NHC homodimers, forming heterodimers, is then evidenced. Applying this deprotonation method to the RAFT-derived copolymers leads to polymer networks with cross-links consisting of labile dimerized NHC motifs. These networks can be subsequently decross-linked using two distinct triggers, namely, a monofunctional NHC precursor as competitor and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the latter case, regeneration of the network occurs by chemically fueling the linear copolymer bearing benzimidazolium motifs with tBuOK in the presence of trace amounts of water. The same networks can also be used as latent precursors of transient polyNHCs to catalyze the benzoin condensation upon heating. The polymer-supported organocatalysts can thus be used in successive catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Abou-Ezze
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, UMR 5629, 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, UMR 5629, 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, UMR 5629, 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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2
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Tóth S, Szlávik MF, Mandel R, Fekecs F, Tusnády G, Vajda F, Varga N, Apáti Á, Bényei A, Paczal A, Kotschy A, Szakács G. Synthesis and Systematic Investigation of Lepidiline A and Its Gold(I), Silver(I), and Copper(I) Complexes Using In Vitro Cancer Models and Multipotent Stem Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32226-32234. [PMID: 39072085 PMCID: PMC11270681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The imidazole alkaloid lepidiline A from the root of Lepidium meyenii has a moderate to low in vitro anticancer effect. Our aim was to extend cytotoxicity investigations against a panel of cancer cells, including multidrug-resistant cancer cells, and multipotent stem cells. Lepidiline A is a N-heterocyclic carbene precursor, therefore a suitable ligand source for metal complexes. Thus, we synthesized lepidiline A and its copper(I), gold(I), and silver(I) complexes and tested them against ovarian, gastrointestinal, breast, and uterine cancer cells and bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Lepidiline A and its copper complex demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity, while silver and gold complexes exhibited significantly enhanced and consistent cytotoxicity against both cancer and stem cell lines. ABCB1 in the multidrug-resistant uterine sarcoma line conferred significant resistance against lepidiline A and the copper-lepidiline A complex, but not against the silver and gold complexes. Our results indicate that only the copper complex induced a significant and universal increase in the production of reactive oxygen species within cells. In summary, binding of metal ions to lepidiline A results in enhanced cytotoxicity with the nature of the metal ion playing a critical role in determining its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Márton F. Szlávik
- Servier
Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony utca 7, Budapest H-1031, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Réka Mandel
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Fanni Fekecs
- Servier
Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony utca 7, Budapest H-1031, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tusnády
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Flóra Vajda
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Doctoral
School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis
University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Creative
Cell Ltd., Puskas Tivadar
u. 13, Budapest H-1119, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Paczal
- Servier
Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony utca 7, Budapest H-1031, Hungary
| | - András Kotschy
- Servier
Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony utca 7, Budapest H-1031, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Center
for Cancer Research, Medical University
of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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3
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Asare-Bediako BB, Li M, Houston A, Vilmercati P, Mannella N, Labbé N, Abdoulmoumine N. Boosting Dimethyl Carbonate Production from CO 2 and Methanol using Ceria-Ionic Liquid Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301805. [PMID: 38361160 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial strategy towards a sustainable chemical industry, the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from renewable carbon dioxide (CO2) and methanol (MeOH) is studied using CeO2 nanoparticles modified with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen carbonate ([BMIm][HCO3]) devoid of stoichiometric dehydrating agents. The synthesized CeO2@[BMIm][HCO3] catalyst having high thermal stability harnesses the unique physicochemical properties of CeO2 and the ionic liquid to exhibit a DMC yield of 10.4 % and a methanol conversion of 16.1 % at optimal conditions (pressure of CO2=5 MPa; temperature=130 °C). The catalytic behavior of CeO2@[BMIm][HCO3] studied with a detailed XRD, XPS, CO2 and NH3-TPD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, FTIR, SEM and TEM suggests that the synergy between the two catalytic components originating from an increased surface oxygen vacancies boosts the overall catalytic performance. After several recycling tests, the catalyst demonstrated no significant reduction in DMC yield and methanol conversion. This platform is an attractive approach to synthesize thermally stable nanoparticle@ionic liquid that retains and merges the physical attributes of both materials for producing useful bulk chemicals from readily available chemical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi Li
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Austin Houston
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Paolo Vilmercati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1408 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, 2641 Osprey Vista Way, 37920, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Norman Mannella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1408 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, 2641 Osprey Vista Way, 37920, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nourredine Abdoulmoumine
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 E.J. Chapman Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
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4
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Palasz JM, Long Z, Meng J, Videla PE, Kelly HR, Lian T, Batista VS, Kubiak CP. A Resilient Platform for the Discrete Functionalization of Gold Surfaces Based on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10489-10497. [PMID: 38584354 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of a versatile platform for gold functionalization, based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of distal-pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) derived from bis(NHC) Au(I) complexes. The SAMs are characterized using polarization-modulation infrared reflectance-absorption spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The binding mode is examined computationally using density functional theory, including calculations of vibrational spectra and direct comparisons to the experimental spectroscopic signatures of the monolayers. Our joint computational and experimental analyses provide structural information about the SAM binding geometries under ambient conditions. Additionally, we examine the reactivity of the pyridine-functionalized SAMs toward H2SO4 and W(CO)5(THF) and verify the preservation of the introduced functionality at the interface. Our results demonstrate the versatility of N-heterocyclic carbenes as robust platforms for on-surface acid-base and ligand exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Palasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhuoran Long
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jinhui Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pablo E Videla
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - H Ray Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Abdellaoui M, Oppel K, Vianna A, Soleilhavoup M, Yan X, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes as Catalytic Organic Single-Electron Reductants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2933-2938. [PMID: 38253007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most of the known single-electron reductants are either metal based reagents, used in a stoichiometric amount, or a combination of an organic species and a photocatalyst. Here we report that 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes act not only as stoichiometric one-electron donors but also as catalytic organic reducing agents, without the need of a photocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we studied the reduction of quinones, which are well-known electron conveyors that are involved in various biological and industrial processes. This work also provides experimental evidence for the formation of a bis(triazolium)carbonate adduct, which acts as the resting state of the catalytic cycle and as the carbene reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abdellaoui
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kai Oppel
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Adam Vianna
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing,100872, China
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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6
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Gutheil C, Roß G, Amirjalayer S, Mo B, Schäfer AH, Doltsinis NL, Braunschweig B, Glorius F. Tailored Monolayers of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by Kinetic Control. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3043-3052. [PMID: 38252154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the substantial success of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as stable and versatile surface modification ligands, their use in nanoscale applications beyond chemistry is still hampered by the failure to control the carbene binding mode, which complicates the fabrication of monolayers with the desired physicochemical properties. Here, we applied vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to conduct a pseudokinetic surface analysis of NHC monolayers on Au thin films under ambient conditions. We observe for two frequently used carbene structures that their binding mode is highly dynamic and changes with the adsorption time. In addition, we demonstrate that this transition can be accelerated or decelerated to adjust the binding mode of NHCs, which allows fabrication of tailored monolayers of NHCs simply by kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gina Roß
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Mo
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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Aysin RR, Galkin KI. Adaptive carbonyl umpolung involving a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate: an alternative mechanism for NHC-mediated organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8702-8707. [PMID: 37867444 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a novel mechanistic model for NHC-mediated carbonyl umpolung which involves the formation of a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate (CCBI). We have demonstrated theoretically that this reactive intermediate can be formed by inserting an aldehyde into the C4-H position of an N-aryl-substituted imidazolium-derived NHC via the generation of an H-bonded ditopic carbanionic NHC (dcNHC). Our DFT study on benzoin condensation has revealed that the mechanism of polarity inversion proceeding through the CCBI may be more energetically favorable than the classical mechanism of umpolung that uses the C2 carbene position in NHC. The potential existence of the CCBI highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of NHC-mediated organocatalysis, particularly in relation to carbonyl umpolung. This finding also sheds light on new pathways in organocatalytic transformations employing the ambident reactivity of NHC, which may be particularly attractive for reactions involving furanic aldehydes and sterically encumbered N-aryl-substituted carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Galkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya ul., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Leninsky Prospekt, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Choi Y, Park CS, Tran HV, Li CH, Crudden CM, Lee TR. Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold for Surface-Initiated Polymerizations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44969-44980. [PMID: 36150129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are superior to thiol adsorbates in that they form remarkably stable bonds with gold, the generation of NHC-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) typically requires a strong base and an inert atmosphere, which limits the utility of such films in many applications. Herein, we report the development and use of bench-stable NHC adsorbates, benzimidazolium methanesulfonates, for the direct formation of NHC films on gold surfaces under an ambient atmosphere at room temperature without the need for extraordinary precautions. The generated NHC SAMs were fully characterized using ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and contact angle measurements, and they were compared to analogous SAMs generated from an NHC bicarbonate adsorbate. Based on these findings, a unique radical initiator α,ω-bidentate azo-terminated NHC adsorbate, NHC15AZO[OMs], was designed and synthesized for the preparation of SAMs on gold surfaces with both NHC headgroups bound to the surface. The adsorbate molecules in NHC15AZO SAMs can exist in a hairpin or a linear conformation depending on the concentration of the adsorbate solution used to prepare the SAM. These conformations were studied by a combination of ellipsometry, XPS, PM-IRRAS, and scanning electron microscopy using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a tag material. Moreover, the potential utility of these unique radical-initiating NHC films as surface-initiated polymerization platforms was demonstrated by controlling the thickness of polystyrene brush films grown from azo-terminated NHC monolayer surfaces simply by adjusting the reaction time of the photoinitiated radical polymer growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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10
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing 1,1‐Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202637. [PMID: 35362643 PMCID: PMC9400972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report secondary pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a source of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAAC) for the synthesis of CAAC‐CuI‐complexes and cyclic thiones when reacted with CuI‐salts and elemental sulfur, respectively, under reductive elimination of water from the carbon(IV)‐center. This result demonstrates a convenient and facile access to CAAC‐based CuI‐salts, which are well known catalysts for different organic transformations. It further establishes secondary alcohols to be a viable source of carbenes—realizing after 185 years Dumas’ dream who tried to prepare the parent carbene (CH2) by 1,1‐dehydration of methanol. Addressed is also the reactivity of water towards CAACs, which proceeds through an oxidative addition of the O−H bond to the carbon(II)‐center. This emphasizes the ability of carbon‐compounds to mimic the reactivity of transition‐metal complexes: reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination of the O−H bond to/from the C(II)/C(IV)‐centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | | | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Aksaray University Aksaray 68100 Turkey
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
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11
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Maliszewski BP, Ritacco I, Beliš M, Hashim II, Tzouras NV, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A green route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: mechanism and expanded scope. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6204-6211. [PMID: 35357386 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and facile weak-base synthetic route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is disclosed. The mechanism of this reaction is also elucidated via experimental and computational investigations. This straightforward protocol is then used for the synthesis of novel Pt(II)-NHC complexes and its utility is further explored to access key Pt(0)-NHC precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benon P Maliszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing the 1,1‐Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Aksaray Universitesi Aromatic and Medicinal Plants TURKEY
| | - Anukul Jana
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Chemical Science 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi 500075 Hyderabad INDIA
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13
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Chen P, Tang X, Meng X, Tang H, Pan Y, Liang Y. Transition metal-free catalytic formylation of carbon dioxide and amide with novel poly(ionic liquid)s. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Wu H, Zou Y, Xu H, Wu L, Mai Y. Efficient Electrocatalytic Upgradation of Furan-Based Biomass: Key Roles of a Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Poly(m-phenylenediamine)-Graphene Heterostructure and a Ternary Electrolyte. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yashi Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haishan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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15
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CO2 capture by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate: Solubility at low pressure and quantification of chemisorption and physisorption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Rivera C, Bacilio-Beltrán HA, Puebla-Pérez AM, Rangel-Salas II, Alvarado–Rodríguez JG, Flores-Moreno R, Velázquez- Juárez G, Peregrina-Lucano AA, Becerra-Martinez E, Valdez-Ruvalcaba J, Rubio-Garcia JE, Cortes-Llamas SA. Cis and trans platinum(II) N-heterocyclic carbene isomers: synthesis, characterization and biological activity. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis and trans geometrical isomers of platinum(II) complexes with a symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (MeNHC) is reported. These complexes were obtained from 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate, a masked NHC precursor....
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17
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Storm AT, Gjikaj M, Namyslo JC, Adams J, Schmidt A. 1,3‐Thiazolium‐4‐aminides: Syntheses and Characterization of Fluorescent Mesoionic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Therese Storm
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstraße 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Mimoza Gjikaj
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Paul-Ernst-Straße 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstraße 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Physical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstraße 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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18
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Nagorny S, Lederle F, Udachin V, Weingartz T, Hübner EG, Dahle S, Maus‐Friedrichs W, Adams J, Schmidt A. Switchable Mesomeric Betaines Derived from Pyridinium‐Phenolates and Bis(thienyl)ethane. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Nagorny
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Felix Lederle
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies Am Stollen 19 B D-38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Viktor Udachin
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies Leibnizstrasse 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal Centre for Material Technology Agricolastrasse 2 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Thea Weingartz
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Dahle
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies Leibnizstrasse 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal Centre for Material Technology Agricolastrasse 2 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maus‐Friedrichs
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies Leibnizstrasse 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal Centre for Material Technology Agricolastrasse 2 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Physical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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20
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21
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Mazars F, Hrubaru M, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Delaude L. Synthesis of Azolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions under Mild, Aerobic Conditions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Madalina Hrubaru
- Center for Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitescu” Romanian Academy Spl Independentei Bucureşti, 202B 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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22
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Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1476-1493. [PMID: 33504989 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) chloride and hydroxide complexes are regularly used as synthons to access various oxygen-, nitrogen- or carbon-bound gold complexes. They are also widely employed as efficient catalysts in addition reactions of hydroelements to unsaturated bonds and in several rearrangement and decarboxylation protocols. Here we describe the multigram synthesis of the most common mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) chloride complexes bearing the N,N'-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes), N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) and N,N'-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr*) ligands. Their synthesis is achieved through the straightforward and practical weak base approach in a total time of 4-5 h. This straightforward methodology is conducted under air and possesses considerable advantages over alternative routes, such as the use of a sustainable reaction solvent, minimal amounts of a mild base and commercially available or easily obtained starting materials. Additionally, we describe the synthesis of the mononuclear gold(I) hydroxide complex bearing the IPr ligand, using the state-of-the-art method requiring 24 h. Finally, the improved synthesis of the dinuclear gold(I) hydroxide complex [{Au(IPr)}2(μ-OH)][BF4] is described (~3 h). All procedures can be performed by researchers with standard training and lead to high yields (76-99%) of microanalytically pure bench-stable materials.
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23
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Ji M, Wu M, Han J, Zhang F, Peng H, Guo L. Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Ring-opening Polymerization. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200917151344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As compared with widely used polyolefin materials, aliphatic polyesters have
been primarily used in electronics, packaging, and biomedicine owing to its unique biocompatibility
and degradability. At present, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactone is the
main method to synthesize polyesters. Two types of catalysts, including metal-based catalysts
and organocatalysts, were most researched today. However, metal-based catalysts lead
to polymer materials with metal residues, which limits its properties and applications. As a
result, organocatalysts have received great attention. In this review, the progress of organocatalytic
ring-opening polymerization in the past decades was systematically summarized.
The potential challenges and development directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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24
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Shi JB, Bu Q, Liu BY, Dai B, Liu N. Organocatalytic Strategy for the Fixation of CO 2 via Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1850-1860. [PMID: 33356265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic strategy for the direct carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2 has been developed. The combined use of a bifunctional organocatalyst and Cs2CO3 resulted in a robust catalytic system for the preparation of a range of propiolic acid derivatives in high yields with broad substrate scope using CO2 at atmospheric pressure under mild temperatures (60 °C). This work has demonstrated that this organocatalytic method offers a competitive alternative to metal catalysis for the carboxylation of terminal alkynes and CO2. In addition, this protocol was suitable for the three-component carboxylation of terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Yuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
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25
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Zhou S, Nguyen BT, Richard JP, Kluger R, Gao J. Origin of Free Energy Barriers of Decarboxylation and the Reverse Process of CO 2 Capture in Dimethylformamide and in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:137-141. [PMID: 33375792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In aqueous solution, biological decarboxylation reactions proceed irreversibly to completion, whereas the reverse carboxylation processes are typically powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. The exchange of the carboxylate of ring-substituted arylacetates with isotope-labeled CO2 in polar aprotic solvents reported recently suggests a dramatic change in the partition of reaction pathways. Yet, there is little experimental data pertinent to the kinetic barriers for protonation and thermodynamic data on CO2 capture by the carbanions of decarboxylation reactions. Employing a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical simulation approach, we investigated the decarboxylation reactions of a series of organic carboxylate compounds in aqueous and in dimethylformamide solutions, revealing that the reverse carboxylation barriers in solution are fully induced by solvent effects. A linear Bell-Evans-Polanyi relationship was found between the rates of decarboxylation and the Gibbs energies of reaction, indicating diminishing recombination barriers in DMF. In contrast, protonation of the carbanions by the DMF solvent has large free energy barriers, rendering the competing exchange of isotope-labeled CO2 reversible in DMF. The finding of an intricate interplay of carbanion stability and solute-solvent interaction in decarboxylation and carboxylation could be useful to designing novel materials for CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyuan Zhou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 581055, China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 100231, China
| | - Bach T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John P Richard
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 47907, United States
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 581055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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Martynova EA, Tzouras NV, Pisanò G, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. The “weak base route” leading to transition metal–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3836-3856. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are nowadays ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. A simple synthetic route to these is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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27
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Altmann HJ, Steinmann M, Elser I, Benedikter MJ, Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Dual catalysis with an
N
‐heterocyclic
carbene and a Lewis acid: Thermally latent
precatalyst
for the polymerization of
ε‐caprolactam. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen J. Altmann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Mark Steinmann
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf Denkendorf Germany
| | - Iris Elser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf Denkendorf Germany
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28
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Otto CF, Herzberger C, Liu M, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Freese T, Lederle F, Hübner EG, Schmidt A. Borane adducts of punicine and of its dehydroxy derivatives (pyridinium-1-yl)-2- and 3-phenolates. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Wang J, Song Z, Cheng H, Chen L, Deng L, Qi Z. Multilevel screening of ionic liquid absorbents for simultaneous removal of CO2 and H2S from natural gas. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Veinot AJ, Al-Rashed A, Padmos JD, Singh I, Lee DS, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Baddeley CJ, Crudden CM, Horton JH. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Reduce and Functionalize Copper Oxide Surfaces in One Pot. Chemistry 2020; 26:11431-11434. [PMID: 32428330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate salts have been shown to act as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors, which can remove oxide from copper oxide surfaces and functionalize the resulting metallic surfaces in a single pot. Both the surfaces and the etching products were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Analysis of surfaces before and after NHC treatment by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the complete removal of copper(II) oxide. By using 13 C-labelling, we determined that the products of this transformation include a cyclic urea, a ring-opened formamide and a bis-carbene copper(I) complex. These results illustrate the potential of NHCs to functionalize a much broader class of metals, including those prone to oxidation, greatly facilitating the preparation of NHC-based films on metals other than gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Abrar Al-Rashed
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Daniel Padmos
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dianne S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher J Baddeley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Hugh Horton
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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31
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Delaude L. The Chemistry of Azolium‐Carboxylate Zwitterions and Related Compounds: a Survey of the Years 2009–2020. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of CatalysisMolSys Research UnitInstitut de Chimie Organique (B6a)Université de Liège Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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32
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Long G, Wu D, Pan H, Zhao T, Hu X. Imidazolium hydrogen carbonate ionic liquids: Versatile organocatalysts for chemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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33
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Tzouras NV, Nahra F, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Saab M, Van Hecke K, Collado A, Collett CJ, Smith AD, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A Mechanistically and Operationally Simple Route to Metal-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:4515-4519. [PMID: 32022329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have been puzzled by the involvement of weak organic and inorganic bases in the synthesis of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Such bases are insufficiently strong to permit the presumed required deprotonation of the azolium salt (the carbene precursor) prior to metal binding. Experimental and computational studies provide support for a base-assisted concerted process that does not require free NHC formation. The synthetic protocol was found applicable to a number of transition-metal- and main-group-centered NHC compounds and could become the synthetic route of choice to form M-NHC bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Separation and Conversion Technology Unit, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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34
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DeJesus JF, Sherman LM, Yohannan DJ, Becca JC, Strausser SL, Karger LFP, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. A Benchtop Method for Appending Protic Functional Groups to N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Protected Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. DeJesus
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Lindy M. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Darius J. Yohannan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Becca
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Leonhard F. P. Karger
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
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35
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DeJesus JF, Sherman LM, Yohannan DJ, Becca JC, Strausser SL, Karger LFP, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. A Benchtop Method for Appending Protic Functional Groups to N-Heterocyclic Carbene Protected Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7585-7590. [PMID: 32092219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable resilience of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold bonds has quickly made NHCs the ligand of choice when functionalizing gold surfaces. Despite rapid progress using deposition from free or CO2 -protected NHCs, synthetic challenges hinder the functionalization of NHC surfaces with protic functional groups, such as alcohols and amines, particularly on larger nanoparticles. Here, we synthesize NHC-functionalized gold surfaces from gold(I) NHC complexes and aqueous nanoparticles without the need for additional reagents, enabling otherwise difficult functional groups to be appended to the carbene. The resilience of the NHC-Au bond allows for multi-step post-synthetic modification. Beginning with the nitro-NHC, we form an amine-NHC terminated surface, which further undergoes amide coupling with carboxylic acids. The simplicity of this approach, its compatibility with aqueous nanoparticle solutions, and its ability to yield protic functionality, greatly expands the potential of NHC-functionalized noble metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Lindy M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Darius J Yohannan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Becca
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shelby L Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Leonhard F P Karger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
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36
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Deev S, Batsyts S, Sheina E, Shestakova TS, Khalimbadzha I, Kiskin MA, Charushin V, Chupakhin O, Paramonov AS, Shenkarev ZO, Namyslo JC, Schmidt A. Betaine–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Interconversions of Quinazolin‐4‐One Imidazolium Mesomeric Betaines. Sulfur, Selenium, and Borane Adduct Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Deev
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Sviatoslav Batsyts
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sheina
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS 31 Leninsky Av. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Valery Charushin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
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37
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Nifant’ev I, Ivchenko P. DFT Modeling of Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters: A Crucial Role of Proton Exchange and Hydrogen Bonding. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2078. [PMID: 31842423 PMCID: PMC6961033 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis is highly efficient in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. A variety of initiators broaden the areas of organocatalysis in polymerization of different monomers, such as lactones, cyclic carbonates, lactides or gycolides, ethylene phosphates and phosphonates, and others. The mechanisms of organocatalytic ROP are at least as diverse as the mechanisms of coordination ROP; the study of these mechanisms is critical in ensuring the polymer compositions and architectures. The use of density functional theory (DFT) methods for comparative modeling and visualization of organocatalytic ROP pathways, in line with experimental proof of the structures of the reaction intermediates, make it possible to establish these mechanisms. In the present review, which continues and complements our recent manuscript that focused on DFT modeling of coordination ROP, we summarized the results of DFT modeling of organocatalytic ROP of cyclic esters and some related organocatalytic processes, such as polyester transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant’ev
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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38
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Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes have found many applications in modern metal catalysis, due to the formation of stable metal complexes, and organocatalysis. Among a myriad of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes, gold complexes have gained a lot of attention due to their unique propensity for the activation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds, allowing many useful transformations of alkynes, allenes, and alkenes, inaccessible by other metal complexes. The present review summarizes synthetic efforts towards the preparation of chiral N-heterocyclic gold(I) complexes exhibiting C2 and C1 symmetry, as well as their applications in enantioselective catalysis. Finally, the emerging area of rare gold(III) complexes and their preliminary usage in asymmetric catalysis is also presented.
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39
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Zhang L, Wei Z, Thanneeru S, Meng M, Kruzyk M, Ung G, Liu B, He J. A Polymer Solution To Prevent Nanoclustering and Improve the Selectivity of Metal Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Zichao Wei
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | | | - Michael Meng
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Megan Kruzyk
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Ben Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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40
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Zhang L, Wei Z, Thanneeru S, Meng M, Kruzyk M, Ung G, Liu B, He J. A Polymer Solution To Prevent Nanoclustering and Improve the Selectivity of Metal Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15834-15840. [PMID: 31468668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The stability of metal nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is of key importance for practical application. We report the use of two polymeric N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) (polydentate and monodentate) to stabilize metal nanocatalysts (Au and Pd) for efficient CO2 electroreduction. Compared with other conventional ligands including thiols and amines, metal-carbene bonds that are stable under reductive potentials prevent the nanoclustering of nanoparticles. Au nanocatalysts modified by polymeric NHC ligands show an activity retention of 86 % after CO2 reduction at -0.9 V for 11 h, while it is less than 10 % for unmodified Au. We demonstrate that the hydrophobicity of polymer ligands and the enriched surface electron density of metal NPs through σ-donation of NHCs substantially improve the selectivity for CO2 reduction over proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zichao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Srinivas Thanneeru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Michael Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Megan Kruzyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ben Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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41
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Ullah F, Shanmuganathan S, Schindler C, Jones PG, Heinicke JW. Influence of pyrido-annulation on N,N′-dineopentyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene and associated transition metal complexes; comparison with benzo-, naphtho- and quinoxalino-annulation. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
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43
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Kim H, Kim H, Kim K, Lee E. Structural Control of Metal–Organic Framework Bearing N-Heterocyclic Imidazolium Cation and Generation of Highly Stable Porous Structure. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6619-6627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyong Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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44
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Khalil A, Cammas-Marion S, Coulembier O. Organocatalysis applied to the ring-opening polymerization of β-lactones: A brief overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalil
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; University of Mons, Place du Parc 23; 7000, Mons Belgium
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes; CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226; F-35000, Rennes
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes; CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226; F-35000, Rennes
- Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241; F-35000, Rennes France
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; University of Mons, Place du Parc 23; 7000, Mons Belgium
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45
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Schmidt A, Batsyts S, Lederle F, G. Hübner E, Adams J, C. Namyslo J. A Propeller-Shaped Mesomeric Betaine, Tetraphenylbenzene-1-Quinolinium-2-Benzoate. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Freese T, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Schmidt A. Sulfur, mercury, and boron adducts of sydnone imine derived anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4781-4788. [PMID: 35514659 PMCID: PMC9060589 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sydnone imines (5-benzoylimino)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-sydnone imine and molsidomine were deprotonated at C4 to give sydnone imine anions which can be represented as anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes, respectively. Trapping reactions with sulfur gave unstable sydnone imine sulfides which were stabilized by the formation of methyl thioethers, methyl sulfoxides, gold complexes [(PPh3)Au–S-sydnone imine] and a bis(ligand) mercury(ii) complex. The latter possesses a tetrahedral coordination of the mercury central atom to the sulfur atoms with the N6 nitrogen atoms coordinating as neutral ligands. Water converted the molsidomine anion into ethyl(2-morpholino-2-thioxoacetyl)carbamate. Mercury(ii)chloride and triphenylborane were employed to trap the sydnone imine carbenes as mercury complexes as well as BPh3 adducts. The sydnone imines (5-benzoylimino)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-sydnone imine and molsidomine were deprotonated at C4 to give sydnone imine anions which can be represented as anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes, respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyll Freese
- Clausthal University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Germany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Germany
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47
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Garmendia S, Dove AP, Taton D, O'Reilly RK. Self-catalysed folding of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) by NHC-mediated intramolecular benzoin condensation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-catalysed folding strategy to form single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) was developed via an intramolecular N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated benzoin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiem Garmendia
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- Université de Bordeaux IPB-ENSCBP
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- Université de Bordeaux IPB-ENSCBP
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
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48
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Trujillo MJ, Strausser SL, Becca JC, DeJesus JF, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Using SERS To Understand the Binding of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes to Gold Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6779-6785. [PMID: 30350991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is an essential component of most applications of noble-metal surfaces. Thiols and amines are traditionally employed to attach molecules to noble-metal surfaces, but they have limitations. A growing body of research, however, suggests that N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) can be readily employed for surface functionalization with superior chemical stability compared with thiols. We demonstrate the power of surface-enhanced Raman scattering combined with theory to present a comprehensive picture of NHC binding to gold surfaces. In particular, we synthesize a library of NHC isotopologues and use surface-enhanced Raman scattering to record the vibrational spectra of these NHCs while bound to gold surfaces. Our experimental data are compared with first-principles theory, yielding numerous new insights into the binding of NHCs to gold surfaces. In addition to these insights, we expect our approach to be a general method for probing the local surface properties of NHC-functionalized surfaces for their expanding use in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Shelby L Strausser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Becca
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802-4615 , United States
| | - Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802-4615 , United States
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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49
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Noh HJ, Sadhasivam T, Jung DS, Lee K, Han M, Kim JY, Jung HY. Poly(styrene)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated iron chloride as a catalyst for delayed polyurethane polymerization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37339-37347. [PMID: 35557808 PMCID: PMC9089435 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced organometallic catalyst based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coordinated FeCl3 has been synthesized and used to control the reaction rate in polyurethane (PUR) polymerization. The imidazolium (Im)-based NHC was functionalized on the surface of the supporting material of bead-type chloromethyl polystyrene (PS) resin. The PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst was synthesized through the coordination reaction between Im and FeCl3. The successful formation, functional groups, structure, and geometry of the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalysts were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. A thin layer of Im was observed to be coated uniformly on the PS bead surface and FeCl3 nanoparticles were observed to cover the coating layer homogeneously, as determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The PUR polymerization reaction was investigated through viscosity measurements and non-isothermal activation energy calculations by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the viscosity measurements, delayed PUR polymerization was achieved using the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst system. The highest viscosity (6000 cP) was achieved without any catalyst, with triphenylene bismuth, and with the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst after 23, 5, and 25 h of reaction time, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated activation energies (E a) were 27.92 and 36.35 kJ mol-1 for the no-catalyst and the PS-Im-FeCl3 systems, respectively. Thus, the viscosity measurements and DSC analyses confirm that the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst considerably increases the PUR reaction time. The Im-FeCl3 catalyst supported by CMPS can control the reaction rate in PUR synthesis because of its high activity. Thus, the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst can be used as a curing retardant in the PUR industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Noh
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - T Sadhasivam
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sung Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keundeuk Lee
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Mingu Han
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University Samcheok Kangwon 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Liu H, Xie Z, Mei Q, Han B. Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9319. [PMID: 30310866 PMCID: PMC6173529 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One-pot oxidative transformation of alcohols into esters is very attractive, but metal-based catalysts are used in the reported routes. We discovered that the basic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] OAc) could effectively catalyze this kind of reaction using O2 as an oxidant without any other catalysts or additives. The oxidative self-esterification of benzylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols and cross-esterification between benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols could all be achieved with high yields. Detailed study revealed that the cation with acidic proton and basic acetate anion could simultaneously form multiple hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the alcohols, which catalyzed the reaction very effectively. As far as we know, this is the first work to carry out this kind of reaction under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbing Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (Z.Z.)
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