1
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Alexandropoulos DI, Kong F, Lombardi F, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Bogani L. A manganese (II) dimer bearing the reduced derivatives of nitronyl nitroxides. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Shevtsov A, Han H, Morozov A, Carozza JC, Savina AA, Shakhova I, Khasanova NR, Antipov EV, Dikarev EV, Abakumov AM. Protective Spinel Coating for Li 1.17Ni 0.17Mn 0.50Co 0.17O 2 Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries through Single-Source Precursor Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091870. [PMID: 32961971 PMCID: PMC7558323 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.50Co0.17O2 Li-rich NMC positive electrode (cathode) for lithium-ion batteries has been coated with nanocrystals of the LiMn1.5Co0.5O4 high-voltage spinel cathode material. The coating was applied through a single-source precursor approach by a deposition of the molecular precursor LiMn1.5Co0.5(thd)5 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) dissolved in diethyl ether, followed by thermal decomposition at 400 °C inair resulting in a chemically homogeneous cubic spinel. The structure and chemical composition of the coatings, deposited on the model SiO2 spheres and Li-rich NMC crystallites, were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The coated material containing 12 wt.% of spinel demonstrates a significantly improved first cycle Coulombic efficiency of 92% with a high first cycle discharge capacity of 290 mAhg-1. The coating also improves the capacity and voltage retention monitored over 25 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, although a complete suppression of the capacity and voltage fade is not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shevtsov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (H.H.); (J.C.C.); (E.V.D.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Anatolii Morozov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Jesse C. Carozza
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (H.H.); (J.C.C.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Savina
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Iaroslava Shakhova
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nellie R. Khasanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny V. Antipov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (H.H.); (J.C.C.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.A.S.); (I.S.); (E.V.A.); (A.M.A.)
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3
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Han H, Carozza JC, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Abakumov AM, Filatov AS, Chen YS, SantaLucia DJ, Berry JF, Dikarev EV. Hetero trimetallic Precursor with 2:2:1 Metal Ratio Requiring at Least a Pentanuclear Molecular Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12767-12776. [PMID: 32573220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work represents an important step in the quest to make heteromultimetallic molecules featuring specific metal types and complicated metal ratios. The rational design, synthesis, and characterization of a complex heterotrimetallic single-source molecular precursor for the next generation sodium-ion battery cathode material, Na2Mn2FeO6, is described. A unique pentametallic platform [MnII(ptac)3-Na-MnIII(acac)3-Na-MnII(ptac)3] (1) was derived from the known polymeric structure of [NaMnII(acac)3]∞, through a series of elaborate design procedures, such as mixed-ligand, unsymmetric ligand, and mixed-valent approaches. Importantly, the application of those techniques results in a molecule with distinctively different transition metal positions in terms of ligand environment and oxidation states. An isovalent substitution of FeIII for the central MnIII ion forms the target heterotrimetallic precursor [MnII(ptac)3-Na-FeIII(acac)3-Na-MnII(ptac)3] (3) with an appropriate metal ratio of Na:Mn:Fe = 2:2:1. The arrangement of metal ions and ligands in this pentametallic assembly was confirmed by single crystal X-ray investigation. The unambiguous assignment of the positions and oxidation states of the Periodic Table neighbors Fe and Mn in 3 has been achieved by a combination of investigative techniques that include synchrotron resonant diffraction, X-ray multiwavelength anomalous diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and gas-phase DART mass spectrometry. The heterotrimetallic single-source precursor 3 was shown to exhibit a clean decomposition pattern yielding the phase-pure P2-Na2Mn2FeO6 quaternary oxide with high uniformity of metal ion distribution as confirmed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jesse C Carozza
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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4
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Lu H, Wright DS, Pike SD. The use of mixed-metal single source precursors for the synthesis of complex metal oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:854-871. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article highlights the use of mixed-metal single source precursors to directly access useful complex metal oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Sebastian D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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5
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Hashem AM, Abbas SM, Hou X, Eid AE, Abdel-Ghany AE. Facile one step synthesis method of spinel LiMn 2O 4 cathode material for lithium batteries. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02027. [PMID: 31360785 PMCID: PMC6639712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study succeeded to prepare three pure phases of Mn2O3, Mn3O4 beside one of the best cathode materials, spinel LiMn2O4. LiMn2O4 with high phase purity and crystallinity was synthesized by a facile, cost effective and one step synthesis method. The structure and morphology of the powders were studied in detail by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and surface area. The X-ray diffraction shows that the post-annealing process reveals the formation of pure crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 with small particle size and lower lattice strain. The thermogravimetric analysis threw the light on the role of the evaporation technique in producing LiMn2O4 by following the different phases on the thermal performance of the precursor. The morphological characterization shows the clear appearance of the octahedral particles of LiMn2O4 calcined at high temperature with microporous nanosized structure. Electrochemical testing of the as prepared spinel at 900 °C showed promising results in terms of high initial capacity and good cycle stability. The as prepared spinel sample shows also good rate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hashem
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, 33 El Bohouth St., (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt.,Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Somia M Abbas
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, 33 El Bohouth St., (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Xu Hou
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali E Eid
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, 33 El Bohouth St., (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Abdel-Ghany
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, 33 El Bohouth St., (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
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6
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Han H, Wei Z, Filatov AS, Carozza JC, Alkan M, Rogachev AY, Shevtsov A, Abakumov AM, Pak C, Shatruk M, Chen YS, Dikarev EV. Three to tango requires a site-specific substitution: hetero trimetallic molecular precursors for high-voltage rechargeable batteries. Chem Sci 2019; 10:524-534. [PMID: 30746095 PMCID: PMC6335622 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of heterotrimetallic molecules, especially those containing at least two different metals with close atomic numbers, radii, and the same coordination number/environment is a challenging task. This quest is greatly facilitated by having a heterobimetallic parent molecule that features multiple metal sites with only some of those displaying substitutional flexibility. Recently, a unique heterobimetallic complex LiMn2(thd)5 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) has been introduced as a single-source precursor for the preparation of a popular spinel cathode material, LiMn2O4. Theoretical calculations convincingly predict that in the above trinuclear molecule only one of the Mn sites is sufficiently flexible to be substituted with another 3d transition metal. Following those predictions, two heterotrimetallic complexes, LiMn2-x Co x (thd)5 (x = 1 (1a) and 0.5 (1b)), that represent full and partial substitution, respectively, of Co for Mn in the parent molecule, have been synthesized. X-ray structural elucidation clearly showed that only one transition metal position in the trinuclear molecule contains Co, while the other site remains fully occupied by Mn. A number of techniques have been employed for deciphering the structure and composition of heterotrimetallic compounds. Synchrotron resonant diffraction experiments unambiguously assigned 3d transition metal positions as well as provided a precise "site-specific Mn/Co elemental analysis" in a single crystal, even in an extremely difficult case of severely disordered structure formed by the superposition of two enantiomers. DART mass spectrometry and magnetic measurements clearly confirmed the presence of heterotrimetallic species LiMnCo(thd)5 rather than a statistical mixture of two heterobimetallic LiMn2(thd)5 and LiCo2(thd)5 molecules. Heterometallic precursors 1a and 1b were found to exhibit a clean decomposition yielding phase-pure LiMnCoO4 and LiMn1.5Co0.5O4 spinels, respectively, at the relatively low temperature of 400 °C. The latter oxide represents an important "5V spinel" cathode material for the lithium ion batteries. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a homogeneous distribution of transition metals in quaternary oxides obtained by pyrolysis of single-source precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | | | - Jesse C Carozza
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA
| | - Andrey Shevtsov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Moscow 143026 , Russia
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Moscow 143026 , Russia
| | - Chongin Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS , Center for Advanced Radiation Source , The University of Chicago , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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7
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Bazhin DN, Kudyakova YS, Bogomyakov AS, Slepukhin PA, Kim GA, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI. Dinuclear lanthanide–lithium complexes based on fluorinated β-diketonate with acetal group: magnetism and effect of crystal packing on mechanoluminescence. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and straightforward synthesis of a novel type of Ln–Li β-diketonates with a discrete molecular structure is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis N. Bazhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin
| | - Yulia S. Kudyakova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin
| | - Grigory A. Kim
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Yanina V. Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620990 Ekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin
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8
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Han H, Zhou Z, Carozza JC, Lengyel J, Yao Y, Wei Z, Dikarev EV. From lithium to sodium: design of heterometallic molecular precursors for the NaMO2 cathode materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7243-7246. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02836f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the Li2M2L6 model structure, an addition of extra neutral donor ligand enables the formation of Na2M2L6(THF)2 molecular precursors for the NaMO2 oxide cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Jesse C. Carozza
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Jeff Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- USA
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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9
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Koroteev PS, Dobrokhotova ZV, Novotortsev VM. Heterometallic Carboxylate Complexes as Precursors for Mixed Oxides: I. s–d Carboxylates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Han H, Wei Z, Barry MC, Carozza JC, Alkan M, Rogachev AY, Filatov AS, Abakumov AM, Dikarev EV. A three body problem: a genuine hetero trimetallic molecule vs. a mixture of two parent hetero bimetallic molecules. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4736-4745. [PMID: 29910924 PMCID: PMC5982224 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetranuclear molecular precursor Li2CoNiL6 for oxide cathode materials has been shown to contain heterotrimetallic and both parent heterobimetallic molecules.
This work raises a fundamental question about the “real” structure of molecular compounds containing three different metals: whether they consist of genuine heterotrimetallic species or of a mixture of parent heterobimetallic species. Heterotrimetallic complex Li2CoNi(tbaoac)6 (1, tbaoac = tert-butyl acetoacetate) has been designed based on the model tetranuclear structure featuring two transition metal sites in order to be utilized as a molecular precursor for the low-temperature preparation of the LiCo0.5Ni0.5O2 battery cathode material. An investigation of the structure of 1 appeared to be very challenging, since the Co and Ni atoms have very similar atomic numbers, monoisotopic masses, and radii as well as the same oxidation state and coordination number/environment. Using a statistical analysis of heavily overlaid isotope distribution patterns of the [Li2MM′L5]+ (M/M′ = Co2, Ni2, and CoNi) ions in DART mass spectra, it was concluded that the reaction product 1 contains both heterotrimetallic and bimetallic species. A structural analogue approach has been applied to obtain Li2MMg(tbaoac)6 (M = Co (2) and Ni (3)) complexes that contain lighter, diamagnetic magnesium in the place of one of the 3d transition metals. X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy unambiguously confirmed the presence of three types of molecules in the reaction mixture that reaches an equilibrium, Li2M2L6 + Li2Mg2L6 ↔ 2Li2MMgL6, upon prolonged reflux in solution. The equilibrium mixture was shown to have a nearly statistical distribution of the three molecules, and this is fully supported by the results of theoretical calculations revealing that the stabilization energies of heterotrimetallic assemblies fall exactly in between those for the parent heterobimetallic species. The LiCo0.5Ni0.5O2 quaternary oxide has been obtained in its phase-pure form by thermal decomposition of heterometallic precursor 1 at temperatures as low as 450 °C. Its chemical composition, structure, morphology, and transition metal distribution have been studied by X-ray and electron diffraction techniques and compositional energy-dispersive X-ray mapping with nanometer resolution. The work clearly illustrates the advantages of heterometallic single-source precursors over the corresponding multi-source precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Matthew C Barry
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Jesse C Carozza
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA
| | | | - Artem M Abakumov
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Moscow 143026 , Russia
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , SUNY , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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11
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Han H, Wei Z, Barry MC, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Heterometallic molecular precursors for a lithium-iron oxide material: synthesis, solid state structure, solution and gas-phase behaviour, and thermal decomposition. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:5644-5649. [PMID: 28144673 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three heterometallic single-source precursors with a Li : Fe = 1 : 1 ratio for a LiFeO2 oxide material are reported. Heterometallic compounds LiFeL3 (L = tbaoac (1), ptac (2), and acac(3)) have been obtained on a large scale, in nearly quantitative yields by one-step reactions that employ readily available reagents. The heterometallic precursor LiFe(acac)3 (3) with small, symmetric substituents on the ligand (acac = pentane-2,4-dionate), maintains a 1D polymeric structure in the solid state that limits its volatility and prevents solubility in non-coordinating solvents. The application of the unsymmetrical ligands, tbaoac (tert-butyl acetoacetate) and ptac (1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedionate), that exhibit different bridging properties at the two ends of the ligand, allowed us to change the connectivity pattern within the heterometallic assembly. The latter was demonstrated by structural characterization of heterometallic complexes LiFe(tbaoac)3 (1) and LiFe(ptac)3 (2) that consist of discrete heterocyclic tetranuclear molecules Li2Fe2L6. The compounds are highly volatile and exhibit a congruent sublimation character. DART mass spectrometric investigation revealed the presence of heterometallic molecules in the gas phase. The positive mode spectra are dominated by the presence of [M - L]+ peaks (M = Li2Fe2L6). In accord with their discrete molecular structure, complexes 1 and 2 are highly soluble in nearly all common solvents. In order to test the retention of the heterometallic structure in solution, the diamagnetic analog of 1, LiMg(tbaoac)3 (4), has been isolated. Its tetranuclear molecular structure was found to be isomorphous to that of the iron counterpart. 1H and 7Li NMR spectroscopy unambiguously confirmed the presence of heterometallic molecules in solutions of non-coordinating solvents. The heterometallic precursor 1 was shown to exhibit clean thermal decomposition in air that results in phase-pure α-modification of layered oxide LiFeO2, the prospective cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.
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12
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Li M, Liu J, Liu T, Zhang M, Pan F. A versatile single molecular precursor for the synthesis of layered oxide cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1331-1334. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile single molecular precursor, LiTM(acac)3, featuring a 1D chain structure, was developed to achieve the layered oxides LiTMO2(TM = Ni/Mn/Co, NMC) for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofan Li
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jiajie Liu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Mingjian Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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13
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Li M, Yang K, Liu J, Hu X, Kong D, Liu T, Zhang M, Pan F. A heterobimetallic single-source precursor enabled layered oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10714-10717. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A heterobimetallic single-source precursor, NaCo(acac)3, featuring a 1D chain structure was for the first time designed to achieve layered oxide P2-NaxCoO2 with superior rate capability for Na-ion batteries (SIBs). It opens a new avenue to synthesize high-performance layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofan Li
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jiajie Liu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Defei Kong
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Mingjian Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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14
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Sidorov AA, Kiskin MA, Aleksandrov GG, Eremenko IL. Structure control of heterometallic Li2Co2 metal core in pivalate clusters by varying apical ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Sidorov AA, Kiskin MA, Aleksandrov GG, Gogoleva NV, Nikolaevskii SA, Eremenko IL. The formation of heterometallic molecular architectures with 3d-metal atoms linked by carboxylate bridges with alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions or with lanthanides. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328416100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Barry MC, Wei Z, He T, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Volatile Single-Source Precursors for the Low-Temperature Preparation of Sodium–Rare Earth Metal Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8883-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Barry
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Tianyu He
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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17
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Synthesis of Bi x O y I z from molecular precursor and selective photoreduction of CO 2 into CO. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Gol’dberg AE, Nikolaevskii SA, Kiskin MA, Sidorov AA, Eremenko IL. Syntheses and structures of heterometallic complexes M-Co(II) (M = Li(I), Mg(II), and Eu(III)) with anions of 2-naphthoic acid. An influence of the heterometal on the structure of the complex. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328415120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Krisyuk VV, Baidina IA, Turgambaeva AE, Nadolinny VA, Kozlova SG, Korolkov IV, Duguet T, Vahlas C, Igumenov IK. Volatile Heterobimetallic Complexes from Pd II and Cu II β-Diketonates: Structure, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Thermal Properties Related to the Chemical Vapor Deposition of CuPd Thin Films. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1457-1464. [PMID: 31973353 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for preparing volatile heterometallic complexes for use as precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of various materials is reported. New CuPd complexes based on β-diketonate units were prepared, and their structures and compositions were determined. [PdL2 *CuL2 ] (1) and [PdL2 *Cu(tmhd)2 ] (2) (L=2-methoxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptane-3,5-dionate; tmhd=2,2,6,6- tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) are 1D coordination polymers with alternating metal complexes, which are connected through weak interactions between the Cu atoms and the OCH3 groups from the ligand of the Pd complexes. The volatility and thermal stability were studied using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 vaporizes without decomposition into monometallic complexes. It exhibits magnetic anisotropy, which was revealed from the angular variations in the EPR spectrum of a single crystal. The vapor thermolysis process for 1 was investigated using mass spectrometry, allowing the process to be framed within the temperature range of 200-350 °C. The experimental data, supported by QTAIM calculations of the allowed intermolecular interactions, suggest that 1 likely exists in the gas phase as bimetallic molecules. Compound 1 proved to be suitable as a single-source precursor for the efficient preparation of CuPd alloy films with tunable Cu/Pd ratio. A possible mechanism for the film growth is proposed based on the reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Krisyuk
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Iraida A Baidina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Asiya E Turgambaeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Vladimir A Nadolinny
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Svetlana G Kozlova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Ilya V Korolkov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Thomas Duguet
- Institut Carnot-CIRIMAT, ENSIACET, 4, allée Emile Monso, BP-44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France)
| | - Constantin Vahlas
- Institut Carnot-CIRIMAT, ENSIACET, 4, allée Emile Monso, BP-44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France)
| | - Igor K Igumenov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
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Mathey L, Paul M, Copéret C, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Cerium(IV) Hexanuclear Clusters from Cerium(III) Precursors: Molecular Models for Oxidative Growth of Ceria Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2015; 21:13454-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Dobrokhotova ZV, Gogoleva NV, Zorina‐Tikhonova EN, Kiskin MA, Chernyshev VV, Emelina AL, Bukov MA, Goloveshkin AS, Bushmarinov IS, Sidorov AA, Bogomyakov AS, Kovba ML, Novotortsev VM, Eremenko IL. The Use of Malonate Coordination Polymers with Cu
II
and Ba
II
Atoms for Barium Cuprate Preparation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V. Dobrokhotova
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Natalya V. Gogoleva
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Ekaterina N. Zorina‐Tikhonova
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Anna L. Emelina
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Bukov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Goloveshkin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S. Bushmarinov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey A. Sidorov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Centre, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str. 3a, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim L. Kovba
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir M. Novotortsev
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
| | - Igor L. Eremenko
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1, Russian Federation, http://www.igic.ras.ru/
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22
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Lieberman CM, Filatov AS, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Abakumov AM, Dikarev EV. Mixed-valent, heteroleptic homometallic diketonates as templates for the design of volatile heterometallic precursors. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2835-2842. [PMID: 29142682 PMCID: PMC5654368 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc04002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of mixed-valent, heteroleptic transition metal diketonates that can be utilized as prospective single-source precursors for the low-temperature preparation of oxide materials are reported. The first mixed-valent iron β-diketonates with different FeIII/FeII ratios have been synthesized by applying the mixed-ligand approach. Based on nearly quantitative reaction yields and analysis of iron-oxygen bonds, these compounds were formulated as [FeIII(acac)3][FeII(hfac)2] (1) and [FeII(hfac)2][FeIII(acac)3][FeII(hfac)2] (2). In the above heteroleptic complexes, the Lewis acidic, coordinatively unsaturated FeII centers chelated by two hfac (hexafluoroacetylacetonate) ligands with electron-withdrawing substituents maintain bridging interactions with oxygen atoms of electron-donating acac (acetylacetonate) groups that chelate the neighboring FeIII atoms. Switching the ligands on FeIII and FeII atoms in starting reagents resulted in the instant ligand exchange between iron centers and in yet another polynuclear homometallic diketonate [FeII(hfac)2][FeIII(acac)2(hfac)][FeII(hfac)2] (3) that adheres to the same bonding pattern as in complexes 1 and 2. The proposed synthetic methodology has been extended to design heterometallic diketonates with different M : M' ratios. Homometallic parent molecules have been used as templates to obtain heterometallic mixed-valent [FeIII(acac)3][MnII(hfac)2] (4) and [NiII(hfac)2][FeIII(acac)3][NiII(hfac)2] (5) complexes. The combination of two different diketonate ligands with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents was found to be crucial for maintaining the above mixed-valent heterometallic assemblies. Theoretical investigation of two possible "isomers", [FeIII(acac)3][MnII(hfac)2] (4) and [MnIII(acac)3][FeII(hfac)2] (4') provided an additional support for the metal site assignment giving a preference of 9.78 kcal mol-1 for the molecule 4. Heterometallic complexes obtained in the course of this study have been found to act as effective single-source precursors for the synthesis of mixed-transition metal oxide materials M x M'2-xO3 and M x M'1-xO. The title highly volatile precursors can be used for the low-temperature preparation of both amorphous and crystalline heterometallic oxides in the form of thin films or nanosized particles that are known to operate as efficient catalysts in oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-518-442-4401
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-518-442-4401
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-518-442-4401
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-518-442-4401
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23
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Lieberman CM, Vreshch VD, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Synthesis and characterization of {[CuI3Sn2(OBut)6]+[CuII(hfac)3]−} – A heterometallic cluster with unique triangular copper(I) core. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Hameed AS, Reddy M, Chowdari B, Vittal JJ. Carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 from the single-source precursor, Li2(VO)2(HPO4)2(C2O4)·6H2O as cathode and anode materials for Lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Lieberman CM, Navulla A, Zhang H, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Design of Heterometallic Single-Source Precursors with Discrete Molecular Structure. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4733-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Anantharamulu Navulla
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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26
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Wei Z, Han H, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Changing the bridging connectivity pattern within a heterometallic assembly: design of single-source precursors with discrete molecular structures. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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27
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Wei Z, Filatov AS, Dikarev EV. Volatile Heterometallic Precursors for the Low-Temperature Synthesis of Prospective Sodium Ion Battery Cathode Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12216-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4069529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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28
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Cho KY, Kwon YI, Youn JR, Song YS. Interaction analysis between binder and particles in multiphase slurries. Analyst 2013; 138:2044-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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