1
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Xu D, Zhang SN, Chen JS, Li XH. Design of the Synergistic Rectifying Interfaces in Mott-Schottky Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1-30. [PMID: 36342422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The functions of interfacial synergy in heterojunction catalysts are diverse and powerful, providing a route to solve many difficulties in energy conversion and organic synthesis. Among heterojunction-based catalysts, the Mott-Schottky catalysts composed of a metal-semiconductor heterojunction with predictable and designable interfacial synergy are rising stars of next-generation catalysts. We review the concept of Mott-Schottky catalysts and discuss their applications in various realms of catalysis. In particular, the design of a Mott-Schottky catalyst provides a feasible strategy to boost energy conversion and chemical synthesis processes, even allowing realization of novel catalytic functions such as enhanced redox activity, Lewis acid-base pairs, and electron donor-acceptor couples for dealing with the current problems in catalysis for energy conversion and storage. This review focuses on the synthesis, assembly, and characterization of Schottky heterojunctions for photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and organic synthesis. The proposed design principles, including the importance of constructing stable and clean interfaces, tuning work function differences, and preparing exposable interfacial structures for designing electronic interfaces, will provide a reference for the development of all heterojunction-type catalysts, electrodes, energy conversion/storage devices, and even super absorbers, which are currently topics of interest in fields such as electrocatalysis, fuel cells, CO2 reduction, and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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2
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Yin X, Hou Q, Chen H, Zhao C. Effect of different valence cation vacancies and interstitial H on the photocatalytic performance of two-dimensional GaN:(O/C). Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Ogawa K, Sakamoto R, Zhong C, Suzuki H, Kato K, Tomita O, Nakashima K, Yamakata A, Tachikawa T, Saeki A, Kageyama H, Abe R. Manipulation of charge carrier flow in Bi 4NbO 8Cl nanoplate photocatalyst with metal loading. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3118-3128. [PMID: 35414879 PMCID: PMC8926197 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation of photoexcited charge carriers in semiconductors is important for efficient solar energy conversion and yet the control strategies and underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Although layered compounds have been widely studied as photocatalysts, spatial separation between oxidation and reduction reaction sites is a challenging issue due to the parallel flow of photoexcited carriers along the layers. Here we demonstrate orthogonal carrier flow in layered Bi4NbO8Cl by depositing a Rh cocatalyst at the edges of nanoplates, resulting in spatial charge separation and significant enhancement of the photocatalytic activity. Combined experimental and theoretical studies revealed that lighter photogenerated electrons, due to a greater in-plane dispersion of the conduction band (vs. valence band), can travel along the plane and are readily trapped by the cocatalyst, whereas the remaining holes hop perpendicular to the plane because of the anisotropic crystal geometry. Our results propose manipulating carrier flow via cocatalyst deposition to achieve desirable carrier dynamics for photocatalytic reactions in layered compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Ogawa
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Chengchao Zhong
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Osamu Tomita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Nakashima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Ibaraki University 4-12-1, Nakanarusawa Hitachi Ibaraki 316-8511 Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryu Abe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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4
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Bae H, Kim H, Burungale V, Min J, Cha A, Rho H, Ryu S, Kang SH, Ha J. Hydrothermal Synthesis of
CaMn
2
O
4
·
xH
2
O
Nanorods as Co‐Catalysts on
GaN
Nanowire Photoanode. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Bae
- School of Chemical Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Hyunggu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Vishal Burungale
- School of Chemical Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jung‐Wook Min
- Photonics Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - An‐na Cha
- School of Chemical Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Hokyun Rho
- Energy Convergence Core Facility Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Sang‐Wan Ryu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Soon Hyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry Education and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jun‐Seok Ha
- School of Chemical Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National University Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
- Energy Convergence Core Facility Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea
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5
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Qi X, Shinagawa T, Kishimoto F, Takanabe K. Determination and perturbation of the electronic potentials of solid catalysts for innovative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:540-545. [PMID: 34163783 PMCID: PMC8179014 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about energy and the environment are motivating a reexamination of catalytic processes, aiming to achieve more efficient and improved catalysis compatible with sustainability. Designing an active site for such heterogeneous catalytic processes remains a challenge leading to a next level breakthrough. Herein, we discuss a fundamental aspect of heterogeneous catalysis: the chemical potential of electrons in solid catalysts during thermal catalysis, which directly reflects the consequent catalytic reaction rate. The use of electrochemical tools during thermal catalysis allows for the quantitative determination of the ill-defined chemical potentials of solids in operando, whereby the potential-rate relationship can be established. Furthermore, the electrochemical means can also introduce the direct perturbation of catalyst potentials, in turn, perturbing the coverage of adsorbates functioning as poison, promoters, or reactants. We collect selected publications on these aspects, and provide a viewpoint bridging the fields of thermal- and electro-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Qi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shinagawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Fuminao Kishimoto
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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6
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A Review of Composite/Hybrid Electrocatalysts and Photocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reactions: Advanced Materials, Mechanisms, Challenges and Perspectives. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Lin J, Sun T, Li M, Yang J, Shen J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang X. More efficiently enhancing photocatalytic activity by embedding Pt within anatase–rutile TiO2 heterophase junction than exposing Pt on the outside surface. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Study of PtO x/TiO₂ Photocatalysts in the Photocatalytic Reforming of Glycerol: The Role of Co-Catalyst Formation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101927. [PMID: 30308991 PMCID: PMC6212858 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, relationships between preparation conditions, structure, and activity of Pt-containing TiO2 photocatalysts in photoinduced reforming of glycerol for H2 production were explored. Commercial Aerolyst® TiO2 (P25) and homemade TiO2 prepared by precipitation-aging method were used as semiconductors. Pt co-catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation from aqueous solution of Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 and activated by calcination, high temperature hydrogen, or nitrogen treatments. The chemico-physical and structural properties were evaluated by XRD, 1H MAS NMR, ESR, XPS, TG-MS and TEM. The highest H2 evolution rate was observed over P25 based samples and the H2 treatment resulted in more active samples than the other co-catalyst formation methods. In all calcined samples, reduction of Pt occurred during the photocatalytic reaction. Platinum was more easily reducible in all of the P25 supported samples compared to those obtained from the more water-retentive homemade TiO2. This result was related to the negative effect of the adsorbed water content of the homemade TiO2 on Pt reduction and on particle growth during co-catalyst formation.
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9
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Lee SW, Hong JW, Lee H, Wi DH, Kim SM, Han SW, Park JY. The surface plasmon-induced hot carrier effect on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation on a Cu 2O/hexoctahedral Au inverse catalyst. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10835-10843. [PMID: 29694476 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic correlation between an enhancement of catalytic activity and the flow of hot electrons generated at metal-oxide interfaces suggests an intriguing way to control catalytic reactions and is a significant subject in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we show surface plasmon-induced catalytic enhancement by the peculiar nanocatalyst design of hexoctahedral (HOH) Au nanocrystals (NCs) with Cu2O clusters. We found that this inverse catalyst comprising a reactive oxide for the catalytic portion and a metal as the source of electrons by localized surface plasmon resonance (localized SPR) exhibits a change in catalytic activity by direct hot electron transfer or plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) when exposed to light. We prepared two types of inverse catalysts, Cu2O at the vertex sites of HOH Au NCs (Cu2O/Au vertex site) and a HOH Au NC-Cu2O core-shell structure (HOH Au@Cu2O), to test the structural effect on surface plasmons. Under broadband light illumination, the Cu2O/Au vertex site catalyst showed 30-90% higher catalytic activity and the HOH Au@Cu2O catalyst showed 10-30% higher catalytic activity than when in the dark. Embedding thin SiO2 layers between the HOH Au NCs and the Cu2O verified that the dominant mechanism for the catalytic enhancement is direct hot electron transfer from the HOH Au to the Cu2O. Finite-difference time domain calculations show that a much stronger electric field was formed on the vertex sites after growing the Cu2O on the HOH Au NCs. These results imply that the catalytic activity is enhanced when hot electrons, created from photon absorption on the HOH Au metal and amplified by the presence of surface plasmons, are transferred to the reactive Cu2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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PtOx-SnOx-TiO2 catalyst system for methanol photocatalytic reforming: Influence of cocatalysts on the hydrogen production. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Wu SY, Lang LW, Cai PY, Chen YW, Lai YL, Lin MW, Hsu YJ, Lee WI, Kuo JL, Luo MF, Kuo CC. Microscopic evidence for the dissociation of water molecules on cleaved GaN(11[combining macron]00). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1261-1266. [PMID: 29250624 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation of water molecules absorbed on a cleaved non-polar GaN(11[combining macron]00) surface was studied primarily with synchrotron-based photoemission spectra and density-functional-theory calculations. The adsorbed water molecules are spontaneously dissociated into hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups at either 300 or 130 K, which implies a negligible activation energy (<11 meV) for the dissociation. The produced H and OH were bound to the surface nitrogen and gallium on GaN(11[combining macron]00) respectively. These results highlight the promising applications of the non-polar GaN(11[combining macron]00) surface in water dissociation and hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Wu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Li L, Wang Y, Vanka S, Mu X, Mi Z, Li CJ. Nitrogen Photofixation over III-Nitride Nanowires Assisted by Ruthenium Clusters of Low Atomicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8701-8705. [PMID: 28598586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many heterogeneous catalysts, the interaction of supported metal species with a matrix can alter the electronic and morphological properties of the metal and manipulate its catalytic properties. III-nitride semiconductors have a unique ability to stabilize ultra-small ruthenium (Ru) clusters (ca. 0.8 nm) at a high loading density up to 5 wt %. n-Type III-nitride nanowires decorated with Ru sub-nanoclusters offer controlled surface charge properties and exhibit superior UV- and visible-light photocatalytic activity for ammonia synthesis at ambient temperature. A metal/semiconductor interfacial Schottky junction with a 0.94 eV barrier height can greatly facilitate photogenerated electron transfer from III-nitrides to Ru, rendering Ru an electron sink that promotes N≡N bond cleavage, and thereby achieving low-temperature ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Mu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0E9, Canada.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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13
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Li L, Wang Y, Vanka S, Mu X, Mi Z, Li CJ. Nitrogen Photofixation over III-Nitride Nanowires Assisted by Ruthenium Clusters of Low Atomicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal Québec H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal Québec H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal Québec H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Mu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal Québec H3A 0E9 Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of Michigan; 1301 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 USA
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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14
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Park JY, Lee SW, Lee C, Lee H. Strategies for Hot Electron-Mediated Catalytic Reactions: Catalytronics. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Zhou X, Chen L, Wan G, Chen Y, Kong Q, Chen H, Shi J. Low Pt-Loaded Mesoporous Sodium Germanate as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2337-2342. [PMID: 27539826 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Pt/C catalysts show relatively high activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and great potential for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, the large amount of Pt required and the poor stability of Pt/C-based catalysts remain big challenges. Herein, mesoporous Na4 Ge9 O20 micro-crystals have been successfully synthesized to serve as a new kind of electrocatalyst support owing to its special structural characteristics and high structural stability. After loading a low amount of Pt (5 wt %) nanoparticles of 2-5 nm in diameter, the obtained mesoporous Pt/Na4 Ge9 O20 composite shows not only high electrocatalytic activity for ORR in both acidic and alkaline electrolyte media, which are comparable to those of conventional 20 wt % Pt/C, but also remarkably enhanced Pt mass-specified ORR current density and durability. Synergetic catalytic effects between loaded Pt and the support for the ORR activity has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Lisong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Qinglu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials.
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials.
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16
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Freund HJ. The Surface Science of Catalysis and More, Using Ultrathin Oxide Films as Templates: A Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8985-96. [PMID: 27380426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface science has had a major influence on the understanding of processes at surfaces relevant to catalysis. Real catalysts are complex materials, and in order to approach an understanding at the atomic level, it is necessary in a first step to drastically reduce complexity and then systematically increase it again in order to capture the various structural and electronic factors important for the function of the real catalytic material. The use of thin oxide films as templates to mimic three-dimensional supports as such or for metal particles as well as to model charge barriers turns out to be appropriate to approach an understanding of metal-support interactions. Thin oxide films also exhibit properties in their own right that turn out to be relevant in catalysis. Thin oxide film formation may also be used to create unique two-dimensional materials. The present perspective introduces the subject using case studies and indicates possible routes to further apply this approach successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft , Department of Chemical Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Kim SM, Lee SW, Moon SY, Park JY. The effect of hot electrons and surface plasmons on heterogeneous catalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:254002. [PMID: 27166263 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/25/254002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons and surface-plasmon-driven chemistry are amongst the most actively studied research subjects because they are deeply associated with energy dissipation and the conversion processes at the surface and interfaces, which are still open questions and key issues in the surface science community. In this topical review, we give an overview of the concept of hot electrons or surface-plasmon-mediated hot electrons generated under various structural schemes (i.e. metals, metal-semiconductor, and metal-insulator-metal) and their role affecting catalytic activity in chemical reactions. We highlight recent studies on the relation between hot electrons and catalytic activity on metallic surfaces. We discuss possible mechanisms for how hot electrons participate in chemical reactions. We also introduce controlled chemistry to describe specific pathways for selectivity control in catalysis on metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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18
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Wang Y, Fan S, AlOtaibi B, Wang Y, Li L, Mi Z. A Monolithically Integrated Gallium Nitride Nanowire/Silicon Solar Cell Photocathode for Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane. Chemistry 2016; 22:8809-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Shizhao Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Bandar AlOtaibi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; McGill University; 3480 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
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19
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Zhang X, Ptasinska S. Electronic and chemical structure of the H2O/GaN(0001) interface under ambient conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24848. [PMID: 27108711 PMCID: PMC4843015 DOI: 10.1038/srep24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the electronic and chemical properties of the H2O/GaN(0001) interface under elevated pressures and/or temperatures. A pristine GaN(0001) surface exhibited upward band bending, which was partially flattened when exposed to H2O at room temperature. However, the GaN surface work function was slightly reduced due to the adsorption of molecular H2O and its dissociation products. At elevated temperatures, a negative charge generated on the surface by a vigorous H2O/GaN interfacial chemistry induced an increase in both the surface work function and upward band bending. We tracked the dissociative adsorption of H2O onto the GaN(0001) surface by recording the core-level photoemission spectra and obtained the electronic and chemical properties at the H2O/GaN interface under operando conditions. Our results suggest a strong correlation between the electronic and chemical properties of the material surface, and we expect that their evolutions lead to significantly different properties at the electrolyte/electrode interface in a photoelectrochemical solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhang
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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20
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Li L, Mu X, Liu W, Mi Z, Li CJ. Simple and Efficient System for Combined Solar Energy Harvesting and Reversible Hydrogen Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7576-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department
of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480
University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Mu
- Department
of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480
University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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21
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Park JY, Baker LR, Somorjai GA. Role of hot electrons and metal-oxide interfaces in surface chemistry and catalytic reactions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2781-817. [PMID: 25791926 DOI: 10.1021/cr400311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Young Park
- †Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,‡Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - L Robert Baker
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,⊥Materials Sciences and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Qin SJ, Zhao Y, Peng F, Chen XQ, Pan GB. Dispersing Pt and Pd atoms on Au nanoparticles deposited on n-GaN substrates for formic acid oxidation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Au nanoparticles, with dispersed Pt and Pd atoms on them, supported on n-GaN substrates were prepared. The catalysts showed an enhanced performance for formic acid oxidation, and the mass activity reached 3.5 mA μgPtPd−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-J. Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- 200444 Shanghai
- China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - F. Peng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - X.-Q. Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - G.-B. Pan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
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Li L, Lv J, Shen Y, Guo X, Peng L, Xie Z, Ding W. Hexadecylphosphate-Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Mild Oxidation of Benzyl C–H Bonds Exclusive to Carbonyls by Molecular Oxygen. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiangang Lv
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Luming Peng
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zaiku Xie
- Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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24
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Li L, Fan S, Mu X, Mi Z, Li CJ. Photoinduced conversion of methane into benzene over GaN nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7793-6. [PMID: 24826797 DOI: 10.1021/ja5004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As a class of key building blocks in the chemical industry, aromatic compounds are mainly derived from the catalytic reforming of petroleum-based long chain hydrocarbons. The dehydroaromatization of methane can also be achieved by using zeolitic catalysts under relatively high temperature. Herein we demonstrate that Si-doped GaN nanowires (NWs) with a 97% rationally constructed m-plane can directly convert methane into benzene and molecular hydrogen under ultraviolet (UV) illumination at rt. Mechanistic studies suggest that the exposed m-plane of GaN exhibited particularly high activity toward methane C-H bond activation and the quantum efficiency increased linearly as a function of light intensity. The incorporation of a Si-donor or Mg-acceptor dopants into GaN also has a large influence on the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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Yan F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Lin Z, Zheng J, Huang F. Schottky or Ohmic metal-semiconductor contact: influence on photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/ZnO and Pt/ZnO model systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:101-104. [PMID: 24458735 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the contact type in metal-semiconductor junctions and their photocatalytic efficiencies is investigated. Two metal-semiconductor junctions, silver on zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) and platinum on zinc oxide (Pt/ZnO) serve as model system for Ohmic and Schottky metal-semiconductor contact, respectively. Ag/ZnO, with Ohmic contact, exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency than Pt/ZnO, with Schottky contact. The direction of electric fields within the semiconductor is found to play a crucial role in the separation of photogenerated charges, and thus strongly influences the photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengpo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002 (PR China)
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26
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Pan GB, Liu ZH, Xu GL, Xu K. Preparation of platinum nanoparticles on n-GaN(0001) substrate by means of electrodeposition. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Schäfer S, Wyrzgol SA, Lercher JA, Stutzmann M, Sharp ID. Charge Transfer across the GaN/Pt Nanoparticle Interface in an Electrolyte. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Cheng LC, Jiang X, Wang J, Chen C, Liu RS. Nano-bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3547-69. [PMID: 23532468 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements in nanotechnology, studies on the synthesis, modification, application, and toxicology evaluation of nanomaterials are gaining increased attention. In particular, the applications of nanomaterials in biological systems are attracting considerable interest because of their unique, tunable, and versatile physicochemical properties. Artificially engineered nanomaterials can be well controlled for appropriate usage, and the tuned physicochemical properties directly influence the interactions between nanomaterials and cells. This review summarizes recently synthesized major nanomaterials that have potential biomedical applications. Focus is given on the interactions, including cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and toxic response, while changing the physicochemical properties of versatile materials. The importance of physicochemical properties such as the size, shape, and surface modifications of the nanomaterials in their biological effects is also highlighted in detail. The challenges of recent studies and future prospects are presented as well. This review benefits relatively new researchers in this area and gives them a systematic overview of nano-bio interaction, hopefully for further experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chien Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Kim SM, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Kwon S, Yee KJ, Song H, Somorjai GA, Park JY. Hot carrier-driven catalytic reactions on Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells and Pt/GaN under light irradiation. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1352-1358. [PMID: 23428162 DOI: 10.1021/nl400367m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanocatalysts consisting of metal nanoparticle-semiconductor junctions offer an interesting platform to study the role of metal-oxide interfaces and hot electron flows in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report that hot carriers generated upon photon absorption significantly impact the catalytic activity of CO oxidation. We found that Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells exhibit a higher turnover frequency by a factor of 2 during irradiation by light with energy higher than the bandgap of CdSe, while the turnover rate on bare Pt nanoparticles did not depend on light irradiation. We found that Pt nanoparticles deposited on a GaN substrate under light irradiation exhibit changes in catalytic activity of CO oxidation that depends on the type of doping of the GaN. We suppose that hot electrons are generated upon the absorption of photons by the semiconducting nanorods or substrates, whereafter the hot electrons are injected into the Pt nanoparticles, resulting in the change in catalytic activity. The results imply that hot carrier flows generated during light irradiation significantly influence the catalytic activity of CO oxidation, leading to potential applications as a hot electron-based catalytic actuator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Graduate School of EEWS (WCU) and NanoCentury KI, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Shin NH, Park SH, Lee KH, Yang SY. Study of the platinum nanoparticle synthesis in polyelectrolyte multilayer films and their electrical and morphological surface properties. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Starr DE, Liu Z, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Bluhm H. Investigation of solid/vapor interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5833-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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32
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Kim SM, Park D, Yuk Y, Kim SH, Park JY. Influence of hot carriers on catalytic reaction; Pt nanoparticles on GaN substrates under light irradiation. Faraday Discuss 2013; 162:355-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Li L, Wu Y, Lu J, Nan C, Li Y. Synthesis of Pt–Ni/graphene via in situ reduction and its enhanced catalyst activity for methanol oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7486-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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