1
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Chen R, Pathirathna P, Balla RJ, Kim J, Amemiya S. Nanoscale Quantitative Imaging of Single Nuclear Pore Complexes by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10765-10771. [PMID: 38904303 PMCID: PMC11223102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a proteinaceous nanopore that solely and selectively regulates the molecular transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The ∼50 nm-diameter pore of the NPC perforates the double-membrane nuclear envelope to mediate both passive and facilitated molecular transport, thereby playing paramount biological and biomedical roles. Herein, we visualize single NPCs by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The high spatial resolution is accomplished by employing ∼25 nm-diameter ion-selective nanopipets to monitor the passive transport of tetrabutylammonium at individual NPCs. SECM images are quantitatively analyzed by employing the finite element method to confirm that this work represents the highest-resolution nanoscale SECM imaging of biological samples. Significantly, we apply the powerful imaging technique to address the long-debated origin of the central plug of the NPC. Nanoscale SECM imaging demonstrates that unplugged NPCs are more permeable to the small probe ion than are plugged NPCs. This result supports the hypothesis that the central plug is not an intrinsic transporter, but is an impermeable macromolecule, e.g., a ribonucleoprotein, trapped in the nanopore. Moreover, this result also supports the transport mechanism where the NPC is divided into the central pathway for RNA export and the peripheral pathway for protein import to efficiently mediate the bidirectional traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida
Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Ryan J. Balla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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2
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Huang SH, Parandhaman M, Farnia S, Kim J, Amemiya S. Nanoelectrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces for analytical, biological, and material applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9575-9590. [PMID: 37458703 PMCID: PMC10416082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we feature our recent efforts toward the development and application of nanoelectrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces, which are also known as interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). Nanopipets, nanopores, and nanoemulsions are developed to create the nanoscale ITIES for the quantitative electrochemical measurement of ion transfer, electron transfer, and molecular transport across the interface. The nanoscale ITIES serves as an electrochemical nanosensor to enable the selective detection of various ions and molecules as well as high-resolution chemical imaging based on scanning electrochemical microscopy. The powerful nanoelectroanalytical methods will be useful for biological and material applications as illustrated by in situ studies of solid-state nanopores, nuclear pore complexes, living bacteria, and advanced nanoemulsions. These studies provide unprecedented insights into the chemical reactivity of important biological and material systems even at the single nanostructure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Han Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | | | - Solaleh Farnia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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3
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Elangovan S, Puri SR, Madawala H, Pantano J, Pellock B, Kiesewetter MK, Kim J. Nanoscale Carbonate Ion-Selective Amperometric/Voltammetric Probes Based on Ion-Ionophore Recognition at the Organic/Water Interface: Hidden Pieces of the Puzzle in the Nanoscale Phase. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4271-4281. [PMID: 36808982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the successful demonstration and application of carbonate (CO32-) ion-selective amperometric/voltammetric nanoprobes based on facilitated ion transfer (IT) at the nanoscale interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. This electrochemical study reveals critical factors to govern CO32--selective nanoprobes using broadly available Simon-type ionophores forming a covalent bond with CO32-, i.e., slow dissolution of lipophilic ionophores in the organic phase, activation of hydrated ionophores, peculiar solubility of a hydrated ion-ionophore complex near the interface, and cleanness at the nanoscale interface. These factors are experimentally confirmed by nanopipet voltammetry, where a facilitated CO32- IT is studied with a nanopipet filled with an organic phase containing the trifluoroacetophenone derivative CO32-ionophore (CO32-ionophore VII) by voltammetrically and amperometrically sensing CO32- in water. Theoretical assessments of reproducible voltammetric data confirm that the dynamics of CO32- ionophore VII-facilitated ITs (FITs) follows the one-step electrochemical (E) mechanism controlled by both water-finger formation/dissociation and ion-ionophore complexation/dissociation during interfacial ITs. The yielded rate constant, k0 = 0.048 cm/s, is very similar to the reported values of other FIT reactions using ionophores forming non-covalent bonds with ions, implying that a weak binding between CO32- ion-ionophore enables us to observe FITs by fast nanopipet voltammetry regardless of the nature of bondings between the ion and ionophore. The analytical utility of CO32--selective amperometric nanoprobes is further demonstrated by measuring the CO32- concentration produced by metal-reducing bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as a result of organic fuel oxidation in bacterial growth media in the presence of various interferents such as H2PO4-, Cl-, and SO42-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Surendra Raj Puri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Hiranya Madawala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Justin Pantano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Brett Pellock
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island 02981, United States
| | - Matthew K Kiesewetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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4
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Chen R, Liu S, Zhang Y. A nanoelectrode-based study of water splitting electrocatalysts. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:52-64. [PMID: 36485037 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and efficient catalytic materials for key reactions like water splitting, CO2 reduction and N2 reduction is crucial for fulfilling the growing energy consumption demands and the pursuit of renewable and sustainable energy. Conventional electrochemical measurements at the macroscale lack the potential to characterize single catalytic entities and nanoscale surface features on the surface of a catalytic material. Recently, promising results have been obtained using nanoelectrodes as ultra-small platforms for the study of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on innovative catalytic materials at the nanoscale. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress in the nanoelectrode-based studies on the HER and OER on various nanostructured catalytic materials. These electrocatalysts can be generally categorized into two groups: 0-dimensional (0D) single atom/molecule/cluster/nanoparticles and 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Controlled growth as well as the electrochemical characterization of single isolated atoms, molecules, clusters and nanoparticles has been achieved on nanoelectrodes. Moreover, nanoelectrodes greatly enhanced the spatial resolution of scanning probe techniques, which enable studies at the surface features of 2D nanomaterials, including surface defects, edges and nanofacets at the boundary of a phase. Nanoelectrode-based studies on the catalytic materials can provide new insights into the reaction mechanisms and catalytic properties, which will facilitate the pursuit of sustainable energy and help to solve CO2 release issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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5
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Jetmore HD, Anupriya ES, Cress TJ, Shen M. Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16519-16527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry David Jetmore
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | | | - Tanner Joe Cress
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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6
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Liu R, Wang D. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Featuring Transient Current Signals in Carbon Nanopipets with Dilute or No Redox Mediator. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11124-11128. [PMID: 35920511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a sensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) method based on the high transient current signals in carbon nanopipets (CNPs) under step potential waveforms. Taking advantage of the transient peak current, the approach curve can be conducted with very dilute (1 μM) or even no redox mediator and fitted by the scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) theory. In addition, a trace amount of electroactive species generated at the substrate can also be directly revealed from the transient current at the CNP tips. With the established feedback and generation/collection methods, we present the constant-height topography and electroactivity imaging of the substrates with only 1 μM K4Fe(CN)6. The developed new SECM method would allow the usage of CNPs to achieve both high sensitivity and spatial resolution with dilute or no redox mediator and thus find great potential applications in biological and electrocatalytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Ma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rujia Liu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Nasri Z, Memari S, Striesow J, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Wende K. Application of scanning electrochemical microscopy for topography imaging of supported lipid bilayers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1077-1082. [PMID: 35201253 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in cellular environments may cause lipid oxidation and membrane degradation. Therefore, studying the degree of lipid membrane morphological changes by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species will be informative in oxidative stress-based therapies. This study introduces the possibility of using scanning electrochemical microscopy as a powerful imaging technique to follow the topographical changes of a solid-supported lipid bilayer model induced by reactive species produced from gas plasma. The introduced strategy is not limited to investigating the effect of reactive species on the lipid bilayer but could be extended to understand the morphological changes of the lipid bilayer due to the action of membrane proteins or antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasri
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Seyedali Memari
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Striesow
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
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8
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Jetmore HD, Milton CB, Anupriya ES, Chen R, Xu K, Shen M. Detection of Acetylcholine at Nanoscale NPOE/Water Liquid/Liquid Interface Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16535-16542. [PMID: 34846864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) has become a very powerful analytical platform for sensing a diverse range of chemicals (e.g., metal ions and neurotransmitters) with the advantage of being able to detect non-redox electroactive species. The ITIES is formed between organic and aqueous phases. Organic solvent identity is crucial to the detection characteristics of the ITIES [half-wave transfer potential (E1/2), potential window range, limit of detection, transfer coefficient (α), standard heterogeneous ion-transfer rate constant (k0), etc.]. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time at the nanoscale, the detection characteristics of the NPOE/water ITIES. Linear detection of the diffusion-limited current at different concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) was demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and i-t amperometry. The E1/2 of ACh transfer at the NPOE/water nanoITIES was -0.342 ± 0.009 V versus the E1/2 of tetrabutylammonium (TBA+). The limit of detection of ACh at the NPOE/water nanoITIES was 37.1 ± 1.5 μM for an electrode with a radius of ∼127 nm. We also determined the ion-transfer kinetics parameters, α and k0, of TBA+ at the NPOE/water nanoITIES by fitting theoretical cyclic voltammograms to experimental voltammograms. This work lays the basis for future cellular studies using ACh detection at the nanoscale and for studies to detect other analytes. The NPOE/water ITIES offers a potential window distinct from that of the 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE)/water ITIES. This unique potential window would offer the ability to detect analytes that are not easily detected at the DCE/water ITIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry D Jetmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Conrad B Milton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kerui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Jantz DT, Balla RJ, Huang SH, Kurapati N, Amemiya S, Leonard KC. Simultaneous Intelligent Imaging of Nanoscale Reactivity and Topography by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8906-8914. [PMID: 34129324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables reactivity and topography imaging of single nanostructures in the electrolyte solution. The in situ reactivity and topography, however, are convoluted in the real-time image, thus requiring another imaging method for subsequent deconvolution. Herein, we develop an intelligent mode of nanoscale SECM to simultaneously obtain separate reactivity and topography images of non-flat substrates with reactive and inert regions. Specifically, an ∼0.5 μm-diameter Pt tip approaches a substrate with an ∼0.15 μm-height active Au band adjacent to an ∼0.4 μm-wide slope of the inactive glass surface followed by a flat inactive glass region. The amperometric tip current versus tip-substrate distance is measured to observe feedback effects including redox-mediated electron tunneling from the substrate. The intelligent SECM software automatically terminates the tip approach depending on the local reactivity and topography of the substrate under the tip. The resultant short tip-substrate distances allow for non-contact and high-resolution imaging in contrast to other imaging modes based on approach curves. The numerical post-analysis of each approach curve locates the substrate under the tip for quantitative topography imaging and determines the tip current at a constant distance for topography-independent reactivity imaging. The nanoscale grooves are revealed by intelligent topography SECM imaging as compared to scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy without reactivity information and as unnoticed by constant-height SECM imaging owing to the convolution of topography with reactivity. Additionally, intelligent reactivity imaging traces abrupt changes in the constant-distance tip current across the Au/glass boundary, which prevents constant-current SECM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Siao-Han Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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10
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Amemiya S. Nanoelectrochemical Study of Molecular Transport through the Nuclear Pore Complex. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1430-1441. [PMID: 33502100 PMCID: PMC8217113 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the proteinaceous nanopore that solely mediates the transport of both small molecules and macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell to regulate gene expression. In this personal account, we introduce recent progress in our nanoelectrochemical study of molecular transport through the NPC. Our work represents the importance of chemistry in understanding and controlling of NPC-mediated molecular transport to enable the efficient and safe delivery of genetic therapeutics into the nucleus, thereby fundamentally contributing to human health. Specifically, we employ nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy to test our hypothesis that the nanopore of the NPC is divided by transport barriers concentrically into peripheral and central routes to efficiently mediate the bimodal traffic of protein transport and RNA export, respectively, through cooperative hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA
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11
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Xiong Q, Wu T, Song R, Zhang F, He P. Theoretical and experimental verification of imaging resolution factors in scanning electrochemical microscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1238-1246. [PMID: 33620355 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The imaging resolution of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) depends strongly on the tip electrode size and the tip-substrate distance. Herein, etched glass encapsulation was applied to fabricate a gold disk electrode, and the size of the tip electrode was accurately determined from the steady-state limiting current. Referring to the theoretical research carried out by our predecessors, the formula for the imaging resolution was derived, followed by the imaging of gold spots and cells with the prepared microelectrodes of different sizes and with different tip-substrate distances. A depth scan was performed to generate 2D current maps of the gold spot relative to the position of the microelectrode in the x-z plane. Probe approach curves and horizontal sweeps were obtained from one depth scan image by simply extracting vertical and horizontal cross-sectional lines, and further characterized by comparison with simulated curves through modeling of the experimental system. The experimental results were basically consistent with the theory, revealing that the highest imaging resolution can be obtained with the smallest tip electrode when d/a = 1, and when the size of the tip electrode is fixed the smallest tip-substrate distance can give the highest imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Ranran Song
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
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12
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Chen F, Panday N, Li X, Ma T, Guo J, Wang X, Kos L, Hu K, Gu N, He J. Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale topography and surface potential of charged surfaces by scanning ion conductance microscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20737-20748. [PMID: 33030171 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) offers the ability to obtain nanoscale resolution images of the membranes of living cells. Here, we show that a dual-barrel nanopipette probe based potentiometric SICM (P-SICM) can simultaneously map the topography and surface potential of soft, rough and heterogeneously charged surfaces under physiological conditions. This technique was validated and tested by systematic studies on model samples, and the finite element method (FEM) based simulations confirmed its surface potential sensing capability. Using the P-SICM method, we compared both the topography and extracellular potential distributions of the membranes of normal (Mela-A) and cancerous (B16) skin cells. We further monitored the structural and electrical changes of the membranes of both types of cells after exposing them to the elevated potassium ion concentration in extracellular solution, known to depolarize and damage the cell. From surface potential imaging, we revealed the dynamic appearance of heterogeneity of the surface potential of the individual cell membrane. This P-SICM method provides new opportunities to study the structural and electrical properties of cell membrane at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Namuna Panday
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Lidia Kos
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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13
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Chen R, Xu K, Shen M. Avocado oil, coconut oil, walnut oil as true oil phase for ion transfer at nanoscale liquid/liquid interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Detection of zwitterion at an electrified liquid-liquid interface: A chemical equilibrium perspective. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Chen R, Alanis K, Welle TM, Shen M. Nanoelectrochemistry in the study of single-cell signaling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6121-6132. [PMID: 32424795 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Label-free biosensing has been the dream of scientists and biotechnologists as reported by Vollmer and Arnold (Nat Methods 5:591-596, 2008). The ability of examining living cells is crucial to cell biology as noted by Fang (Int J Electrochem 2011:460850, 2011). Chemical measurement with electrodes is label-free and has demonstrated capability of studying living cells. In recent years, nanoelectrodes of different functionality have been developed. These nanometer-sized electrodes, coupled with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), have further enabled nanometer spatial resolution study in aqueous environments. Developments in the field of nanoelectrochemistry have allowed measurement of signaling species at single cells, contributing to better understanding of cell biology. Leading studies using nanoelectrochemistry of a variety of cellular signaling molecules, including redox-active neurotransmitter (e.g., dopamine), non-redox-active neurotransmitter (e.g., acetylcholine), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kristen Alanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Theresa M Welle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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16
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Balla RJ, Jantz DT, Kurapati N, Chen R, Leonard KC, Amemiya S. Nanoscale Intelligent Imaging Based on Real-Time Analysis of Approach Curve by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10227-10235. [PMID: 31310104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables high-resolution imaging by examining the amperometric response of an ultramicroelectrode tip near a substrate. Spatial resolution, however, is compromised for nonflat substrates, where distances from a tip far exceed the tip size to avoid artifacts caused by the tip-substrate contact. Herein, we propose a new imaging mode of SECM based on real-time analysis of the approach curve to actively control nanoscale tip-substrate distances without contact. The power of this software-based method is demonstrated by imaging an insulating substrate with step edges using standard instrumentation without combination of another method for distance measurement, e.g., atomic force microscopy. An ∼500 nm diameter Pt tip approaches down to ∼50 nm from upper and lower terraces of a 500 nm height step edge, which are located by real-time theoretical fitting of an experimental approach curve to ensure the lack of electrochemical reactivity. The tip approach to the step edge can be terminated at <20 nm prior to the tip-substrate contact as soon as the theory deviates from the tip current, which is analyzed numerically afterward to locate the inert edge. The advantageous local adjustment of tip height and tip current at the final point of tip approach distinguishes the proposed imaging mode from other modes based on standard instrumentation. In addition, the glass sheath of the Pt tip is thinned to ∼150 nm to rarely contact the step edge, which is unavoidable and instantaneously detected as an abrupt change in the slope of approach curve to prevent damage of the fragile nanotip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dylan T Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
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17
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Theory for local EIS at rough electrode under diffusion controlled charge transfer: Onset of whiskers and dendrites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Pathirathna P, Balla RJ, Jantz DT, Kurapati N, Gramm ER, Leonard KC, Amemiya S. Probing High Permeability of Nuclear Pore Complexes by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Ca 2+ Effects on Transport Barriers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5446-5454. [PMID: 30907572 PMCID: PMC6535230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) solely mediates molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell to play important biological and biomedical roles. However, it is not well-understood chemically how this biological nanopore selectively and efficiently transports various substances, including small molecules, proteins, and RNAs by using transport barriers that are rich in highly disordered repeats of hydrophobic phenylalanine and glycine intermingled with charged amino acids. Herein, we employ scanning electrochemical microscopy to image and measure the high permeability of NPCs to small redox molecules. The effective medium theory demonstrates that the measured permeability is controlled by diffusional translocation of probe molecules through water-filled nanopores without steric or electrostatic hindrance from hydrophobic or charged regions of transport barriers, respectively. However, the permeability of NPCs is reduced by a low millimolar concentration of Ca2+, which can interact with anionic regions of transport barriers to alter their spatial distributions within the nanopore. We employ atomic force microscopy to confirm that transport barriers of NPCs are dominantly recessed (∼80%) or entangled (∼20%) at the high Ca2+ level in contrast to authentic populations of entangled (∼50%), recessed (∼25%), and "plugged" (∼25%) conformations at a physiological Ca2+ level of submicromolar. We propose a model for synchronized Ca2+ effects on the conformation and permeability of NPCs, where transport barriers are viscosified to lower permeability. Significantly, this result supports a hypothesis that the functional structure of transport barriers is maintained not only by their hydrophobic regions, but also by charged regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Ryan J. Balla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Dylan T. Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Erin R. Gramm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Kevin C. Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
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19
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhou Y, Li H, Qi G, Hu P, Jin Y. Short-chain oligonucleotide detection by glass nanopore using targeting-induced DNA tetrahedron deformation as signal amplifier. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:57-63. [PMID: 30967186 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glass capillary nanopore has been developed as a promising sensing platform for bioassay with single-molecule resolution. Although the diameter of glass capillary nanopore can be easily tuned, direct event-readouts of small biomacromolecules, like short-chain oligonucleotide fragments (within ∼20 nucleotides) remain great challenge, which limited by the configuration of the conical-shaped nanopore and the instrumental temporal resolution. Here, we exploit a smart strategy for glass nanopore detection of short-chain oligonucleotides by using relatively big-sized tetrahedral DNA nanostructures as a signal amplifier, which can amplify the signals and retard the translocation speed meanwhile. The tetrahedral DNA nanostructure with a hairpin loop sequence in one edge, undergoes a shape transformation upon the complementary combination of the target oligonucleotides, in which the presence of short-chain target oligonucleotide can be readout due to obvious variation in amplitude of ion current pulse that caused by volume change of the DNA tetrahedral. Therefore, this strategy is promising for extending glass nanopore sensing platform for sensitive detection of short-chain oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Haijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Yao L, Filice FP, Yang Q, Ding Z, Su B. Quantitative Assessment of Molecular Transport through Sub-3 nm Silica Nanochannels by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1548-1556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fraser P. Filice
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
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21
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ISHIMATSU R. An Analytical Approach for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Based on the Electronic States of Light Emitting Materials. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.67.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi ISHIMATSU
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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22
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Kumatani A, Takahashi Y, Miura C, Ida H, Inomata H, Shiku H, Munakata H, Kanamura K, Matsue T. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy for visualization and local electrochemical activities of lithium‐ion (de) intercalation process in lithium‐ion batteries electrodes. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akichika Kumatani
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University Sendai 980‐8577 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980‐856 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920‐1192 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332‐0012 Japan
| | - Chiho Miura
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980‐856 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980‐856 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Inomata
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980‐856 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Munakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980‐856 Japan
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23
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Izadyar A. Stripping Voltammetry at the Interface between two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions: A Review Paper. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Izadyar
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Arkansas State University, PO Box 419; State University; AR 72467 USA
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24
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Shen M, Qu Z, DesLaurier J, Welle TM, Sweedler JV, Chen R. Single Synaptic Observation of Cholinergic Neurotransmission on Living Neurons: Concentration and Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7764-7768. [PMID: 29883110 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter identified more than a century ago, plays critical roles in human activities and health; however, its synaptic concentration dynamics have remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate the in situ simultaneous measurements of synaptic cholinergic transmitter concentration and release dynamics. We used nanoscale electroanalytical methods: nanoITIES electrode of 15 nm in radius and nanoresolved scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Time-resolved in situ measurements unveiled information on synaptic acetylcholine concentration and release dynamics of living Aplysia neurons. The measuring technique enabled the quantitative sensing of acetylcholine with negligible interference of other ionic and redox-active species. We measured cholinergic transmitter concentrations very close to the synapse, with values as high as 2.4 mM. We observed diverse synaptic transmitter concentration dynamics consisting of singlet, doublet and multiplet events with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6 to 130. The unprecedented details about synaptic neurotransmission unveiled are instrumental for understanding brain communication and diseases in a way distinctive from extra-synaptic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Zizheng Qu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Justin DesLaurier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Theresa M Welle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Matthews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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25
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Zhang S, Li M, Su B, Shao Y. Fabrication and Use of Nanopipettes in Chemical Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:265-286. [PMID: 29894227 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes progress in the fabrication, modification, characterization, and applications of nanopipettes since 2010. A brief history of nanopipettes is introduced, and the details of fabrication, modification, and characterization of nanopipettes are provided. Applications of nanopipettes in chemical analysis are the focus in several cases, including recent progress in imaging; in the study of single molecules, single nanoparticles, and single cells; in fundamental investigations of charge transfer (ion and electron) reactions at liquid/liquid interfaces; and as hyphenated techniques combined with other methods to study the mechanisms of complicated electrochemical reactions and to conduct bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
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26
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Iwai NT, Kramaric M, Crabbe D, Wei Y, Chen R, Shen M. GABA Detection with Nano-ITIES Pipet Electrode: A New Mechanism, Water/DCE-Octanoic Acid Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3067-3072. [PMID: 29388419 PMCID: PMC6126903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) supported on the orifice of a pipet have become a powerful platform to detect a broad range of analytes. We present here the detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with the nanoITIES pipet electrodes for the first time. GABA has a net charge of zero in an aqueous solution at pH ≈ 7, and it has not previously been detected at ITIES. In this work, we demonstrated GABA detection at ITIES in an aqueous solution at pH ≈ 7, where we introduced a novel detection strategy based on "pH modulation from the oil phase". To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such. Current increases linearly with increasing concentrations of GABA, ranging from 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM. The measured half-wave transfer potential of GABA is -0.401 ± 0.010 V ( n = 22) vs E1/2,TBA. The measured diffusion coefficient for GABA detection at nanoITIES pipet electrode is 6.09 (±0.58) × 10-10 m2/s ( n = 5). Experimental results indicate that protons generated from octanoic acid dissociation in the oil phase do not come out from the oil phase into the aqueous phase; neither were protons produced in the aqueous phase. NanoITIES pipet electrodes with radii of 320-340 nm were used in the current study. This new strategy and knowledge presented here lays the groundwork for the future development of ITIES pipet electrodes, especially for the detection of electrochemically nonredox active analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Toshio Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michelle Kramaric
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel Crabbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- Corresponding Author, Fax: +1 (217) 265-6290.
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27
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Chennit K, Trasobares J, Anne A, Cambril E, Chovin A, Clément N, Demaille C. Electrochemical Imaging of Dense Molecular Nanoarrays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11061-11069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Chennit
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Trasobares
- Institute
of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré, BP60069, 59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Cambril
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460, Marcoussis, France
| | - Arnaud Chovin
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Clément
- Institute
of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré, BP60069, 59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
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28
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Chen R, Balla RJ, Lima A, Amemiya S. Characterization of Nanopipet-Supported ITIES Tips for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Single Solid-State Nanopores. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9946-9952. [PMID: 28819966 PMCID: PMC5683184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful scanning probe technique that enables high-resolution imaging of chemical processes at single nanometer-sized objects. However, it has been a challenging task to quantitatively understand nanoscale SECM images, which requires accurate characterization of the size and geometry of nanoelectrode tips. Herein, we address this challenge through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of quartz nanopipets for SECM imaging of single solid-state nanopores by using nanopipet-supported interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) as tips. We take advantage of the high resolution of TEM to demonstrate that laser-pulled quartz nanopipets reproducibly yield not only an extremely small tip diameter of ∼30 nm, but also a substantial tip roughness of ∼5 nm. The size and roughness of a nanopipet can be reliably determined by optimizing the intensity of the electron beam not to melt or deform the quartz nanotip without a metal coating. Electrochemically, the nanoscale ITIES supported by a rough nanotip gives higher amperometric responses to tetrabutylammonium than expected for a 30 nm diameter disc tip. The finite element simulation of sphere-cap ITIES tips accounts for the high current responses and also reveals that the SECM images of 100 nm diameter Si3N4 nanopores are enlarged along the direction of the tip scan. Nevertheless, spatial resolution is not significantly compromised by a sphere-cap tip, which can be scanned in closer proximity to the substrate. This finding augments the utility of a protruded tip, which can be fabricated and miniaturized more readily to facilitate nanoscale SECM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Ryan J. Balla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Alex Lima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
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29
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Gangotra A, Willmott GR. Scanning ion conductance microscopy mapping of tunable nanopore membranes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054102. [PMID: 28966699 PMCID: PMC5599259 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) for in-situ topographical mapping of single tunable nanopores, which are used for tunable resistive pulse sensing. A customised SICM system was used to map the elastomeric pore membranes repeatedly, using pipettes with tip opening diameters of approximately 50 nm and 1000 nm. The effect of variations on current threshold, scanning step size, and stretching has been studied. Lowering the current threshold increased the sensitivity of the pipette while scanning, up to the point where the tip contacted the surface. An increase in the pore area was observed as the step size was decreased, and with increased stretching. SICM reveals details of the electric field near the pore entrance, which is important for understanding measurements of submicron particles using resistive pulse sensing.
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30
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Page A, Perry D, Unwin PR. Multifunctional scanning ion conductance microscopy. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160889. [PMID: 28484332 PMCID: PMC5415692 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a nanopipette-based technique that has traditionally been used to image topography or to deliver species to an interface, particularly in a biological setting. This article highlights the recent blossoming of SICM into a technique with a much greater diversity of applications and capability that can be used either standalone, with advanced control (potential-time) functions, or in tandem with other methods. SICM can be used to elucidate functional information about interfaces, such as surface charge density or electrochemical activity (ion fluxes). Using a multi-barrel probe format, SICM-related techniques can be employed to deposit nanoscale three-dimensional structures and further functionality is realized when SICM is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with simultaneous measurements from a single probe opening up considerable prospects for multifunctional imaging. SICM studies are greatly enhanced by finite-element method modelling for quantitative treatment of issues such as resolution, surface charge and (tip) geometry effects. SICM is particularly applicable to the study of living systems, notably single cells, although applications extend to materials characterization and to new methods of printing and nanofabrication. A more thorough understanding of the electrochemical principles and properties of SICM provides a foundation for significant applications of SICM in electrochemistry and interfacial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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31
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Oleinick A, Yu Y, Svir I, Mirkin MV, Amatore C. Theory and Simulations for the Electron-Transfer/Ion-Transfer Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in the Presence or Absence of Homogenous Kinetics. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oleinick
- CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Queens College and the Graduate Center, CUNY; Flushing NY 11367 USA
| | - Irina Svir
- CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Queens College and the Graduate Center, CUNY; Flushing NY 11367 USA
| | - Christian Amatore
- CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC University Paris 06; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
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Kim J, Renault C, Nioradze N, Arroyo-Currás N, Leonard KC, Bard AJ. Nanometer Scale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Instrumentation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10284-10289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Laboratoire
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nikoloz Nioradze
- The Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93111, United States
| | - Kevin C. Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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33
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Chen R, Hu K, Yu Y, Mirkin MV, Amemiya S. Focused-Ion-Beam-Milled Carbon Nanoelectrodes for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016; 163:H3032-H3037. [PMID: 27642187 PMCID: PMC5025261 DOI: 10.1149/2.0071604jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has emerged as a powerful electrochemical method that enables the study of interfacial reactions with unprecedentedly high spatial and kinetic resolution. In this work, we develop carbon nanoprobes with high electrochemical reactivity and well-controlled size and geometry based on chemical vapor deposition of carbon in quartz nanopipets. Carbon-filled nanopipets are milled by focused ion beam (FIB) technology to yield a flat disk tip with a thin quartz sheath as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The extremely high electroactivity of FIB-milled carbon nanotips is quantified by enormously high standard electron-transfer rate constants of ≥10 cm/s for Ru(NH3)63+. The tip size and geometry are characterized in electrolyte solutions by SECM approach curve measurements not only to determine inner and outer tip radii of down to ~27 and ~38 nm, respectively, but also to ensure the absence of a conductive carbon layer on the outer wall. In addition, FIB-milled carbon nanotips reveal the limited conductivity of ~100 nm-thick gold films under nanoscale mass-transport conditions. Importantly, carbon nanotips must be protected from electrostatic damage to enable reliable and quantitative nanoelectrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College–CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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34
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Frey C, Eifert A, Schütz H, Barth H, Mizaikoff B, Kranz C. Macroscopic and microscopic electrochemical investigation of Clostridium botulinum C2IIa embedded in supported lipid membranes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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35
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Kim J, Renault C, Nioradze N, Arroyo-Currás N, Leonard KC, Bard AJ. Electrocatalytic Activity of Individual Pt Nanoparticles Studied by Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8560-8. [PMID: 27315941 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Laboraoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique , 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nikoloz Nioradze
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93111, United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Allen J Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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36
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Liu Y, Holzinger A, Knittel P, Poltorak L, Gamero-Quijano A, Rickard WDA, Walcarius A, Herzog G, Kranz C, Arrigan DWM. Visualization of Diffusion within Nanoarrays. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Holzinger
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Alain Walcarius
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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37
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Arrigan DWM, Liu Y. Electroanalytical Ventures at Nanoscale Interfaces Between Immiscible Liquids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:145-161. [PMID: 27049634 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion transfer at the interface between immiscible electrolyte solutions offers many benefits to analytical chemistry, including the ability to detect nonredox active ionized analytes, to detect ions whose redox electrochemistry is accompanied by complications, and to separate ions based on electrocontrolled partition. Nanoscale miniaturization of such interfaces brings the benefits of enhanced mass transport, which in turn leads to improved analytical performance in areas such as sensitivity and limits of detection. This review discusses the development of such nanoscale interfaces between immiscible liquids and examines the analytical advances that have been made to date, including prospects for trace detection of ion concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien W M Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
| | - Yang Liu
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
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38
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39
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Barton ZJ, Rodríguez-López J. Emerging scanning probe approaches to the measurement of ionic reactivity at energy storage materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2707-15. [PMID: 26898202 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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40
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Strutwolf J, Liu Y, O’Donnell K, Arrigan DWM. An Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Liquid–Liquid Microinterface Arrays Formed in Laser-Ablated Glass Membranes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2596-604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alvarez de Eulate
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Jörg Strutwolf
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Kane O’Donnell
- Department
of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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41
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Chang L, Hu J, Chen F, Chen Z, Shi J, Yang Z, Li Y, Lee LJ. Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3181-3206. [PMID: 26745513 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The living cell is a complex entity that dynamically responds to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the understanding intracellular functions orchestrated with mRNAs and proteins in investigation of the fate of a single-cell, including proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation and mutations. The rapid development of modern cellular analysis techniques (e.g. PCR, western blotting, immunochemistry, etc.) offers new opportunities in quantitative analysis of RNA/protein expression up to a single cell level. The recent entries of nanoscale platforms that include kinds of methodologies with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells. In this tutorial review paper, we give insight into background introduction and technical innovation of currently reported nanoscale platforms for living cell interrogation. These highlighted technologies are documented in details within four categories, including nano-biosensors for label-free detection of living cells, nanodevices for living cell probing by intracellular marker delivery, high-throughput platforms towards clinical current, and the progress of microscopic imaging platforms for cell/tissue tracking in vitro and in vivo. Perspectives for system improvement were also discussed to solve the limitations remains in current techniques, for the purpose of clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
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42
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Barforoush JM, McDonald TD, Desai TA, Widrig D, Bayer C, Brown MK, Cummings LC, Leonard KC. Intelligent Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Tip and Substrate Control Utilizing Fuzzy Logic. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Arrigan DWM, Alvarez de Eulate E, Liu Y. Electroanalytical Opportunities Derived from Ion Transfer at Interfaces between Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an introduction to electrochemistry at interfaces between immiscible electrolyte solutions and surveys recent studies of this form of electrochemistry in electroanalytical strategies. Simple ion and facilitated ion transfers across interfaces varying from millimetre scale to nanometre scales are considered. Target detection strategies for a range of ions, inorganic, organic, and biological, including macromolecules, are discussed.
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44
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Colombo ML, McNeil S, Iwai N, Chang A, Shen M. Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine via Assisted Ion Transfer at Nanopipet Electrode Using Cyclic Voltammetry. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015; 163:H3072-H3076. [PMID: 29606735 PMCID: PMC5873601 DOI: 10.1149/2.0091604jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present here the detection of dopamine (DA) at nanopipet electrodes with radii of hundreds of nanometers ranging from 160 nm to 480 nm. Dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) was employed as an ionophore to facilitate DA transfer, resulting in a half-wave transfer potential, E1/2, DA, of -0.322 (±0.020) V vs. E1/2, TBA. Well-defined steady-state sigmoidal cyclic voltammograms were observed for the transfer of DA. High resolution scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the size and taper angle of the nanopipet electrodes. The detection is linear with concentration of DA ranging from 0.25 mM to 2 mM; calculated diffusion coefficient at nanopipet electrodes with above mentioned sizes is 4.87 (±0.28) × 10-10 m2/s. The effect of the common interferent ascorbic acid on DA detection with nanopipet electrodes was evaluated, where DA detection still shows linear behavior with well-defined sigmoidal CVs with E1/2, DA being -0.328 (±0.029) V vs. E1/2, TBA. The diffusion coefficient for DA transfer in MgCl2 with the presence of 2 mM AA was measured to be 1.93 (±0.59) × 10-10 m2/s on nanoelectrodes with radii from 161 nm to 263 nm, but the physiological concentration of 0.1 mM AA had no effect on DA's diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Swami McNeil
- University of Illinois College of Nursing, Champaign, Illinois 61821, USA
| | - Nicholas Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Albert Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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45
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Zhou M, Yu Y, Blanchard PY, Mirkin MV. Surface Patterning Using Diazonium Ink Filled Nanopipette. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10956-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Pierre-Yves Blanchard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
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46
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Simpson BH, Rodríguez-López J. Redox Titrations via Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy at an Extended Semiconducting Surface for the Quantification of Photogenerated Adsorbed Intermediates. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Adam C, Kanoufi F, Sojic N, Etienne M. Shearforce positioning of nanoprobe electrode arrays for scanning electrochemical microscopy experiments. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Shen M, Colombo ML. Electrochemical nanoprobes for the chemical detection of neurotransmitters. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 7:7095-7105. [PMID: 26327927 PMCID: PMC4551492 DOI: 10.1039/c5ay00512d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, acting as chemical messengers, play an important role in neurotransmission, which governs many functional aspects of nervous system activity. Electrochemical probes have proven a very useful technique to study neurotransmission, especially to quantify and qualify neurotransmitters. With the emerging interests in probing neurotransmission at the level of single cells, single vesicles, as well as single synapses, probes that enable detection of neurotransmitters at the nanometer scale become vitally important. Electrochemical nanoprobes have been successfully employed in nanometer spatial resolution imaging of single nanopores of Si membrane and single Au nanoparticles, providing both topographical and chemical information, thus holding great promise for nanometer spatial study of neurotransmission. Here we present the current state of electrochemical nanoprobes for chemical detection of neurotransmitters, focusing on two types of nanoelectrodes, i.e. carbon nanoelectrode and nano-ITIES pipet electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. Tel: +1 (217) 300 3587
| | - Michelle L. Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. Tel: +1 (217) 300 3587
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49
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Noël JM, Mottet L, Bremond N, Poulin P, Combellas C, Bibette J, Kanoufi F. Multiscale electrochemistry of hydrogels embedding conductive nanotubes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3900-3905. [PMID: 29218161 PMCID: PMC5707460 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The local functionalities of biocompatible objects can be characterized under conditions similar to the operating ones, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In the case of alginate beads entrapping carbon nanotubes (CNTs), SECM allows evidencing of the local conductivity, organization, and communication between the CNTs. It shows that the CNT network is active enough to allow long range charge evacuation, enabling the use of alginate/CNT beads as soft 3D electrodes. Direct connection or local interrogation by a microelectrode allows visualization of their communication as a network and eventually the study of them individually at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Noël
- Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris Diderot University , Interfaces , Traitements , Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS) , CNRS-UMR 7086 , 15 rue J. A. de Baif , 75013 Paris , France . ; ; Tel: +33 157277217
| | - Léopold Mottet
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés , Institute of Chemistry , Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS-UMR8231/PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 , Paris Cedex , France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés , Institute of Chemistry , Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS-UMR8231/PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 , Paris Cedex , France
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS , University of Bordeaux , 115 Avenue Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris Diderot University , Interfaces , Traitements , Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS) , CNRS-UMR 7086 , 15 rue J. A. de Baif , 75013 Paris , France . ; ; Tel: +33 157277217
| | - Jérôme Bibette
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés , Institute of Chemistry , Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS-UMR8231/PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 , Paris Cedex , France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris Diderot University , Interfaces , Traitements , Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS) , CNRS-UMR 7086 , 15 rue J. A. de Baif , 75013 Paris , France . ; ; Tel: +33 157277217
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50
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Cai H, Wang Y, Yu Y, Mirkin MV, Bhakta S, Bishop GW, Joshi AA, Rusling JF. Resistive-Pulse Measurements with Nanopipettes: Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) Using Antibody-Decorated Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6403-10. [PMID: 26040997 PMCID: PMC4598329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quartz nanopipettes have recently been employed for resistive-pulse sensing of Au nanoparticles (AuNP) and nanoparticles with bound antibodies. The analytical signal in such experiments is the change in ionic current caused by the nanoparticle translocation through the pipette orifice. This paper describes resistive-pulse detection of cancer biomarker (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C, VEGF-C) through the use of antibody-modified AuNPs and nanopipettes. The main challenge was to differentiate between AuNPs with attached antibodies for VEGF-C and antigen-conjugated particles. The zeta-potentials of these types of particles are not very different, and, therefore, carefully chosen pipettes with well-characterized geometry were necessary for selective detection of VEGF-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Gregory W. Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amit A. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, U-60, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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