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Zhu QH, Zhang L, Zhang GH, Tao GH, Qin S, Chen H, Yuan WL, Wang YH, Jin Y, Ma L, He L, Zhang W. Promoting productive metathesis pathway and tuning activity of multidentate molybdenum catalysts in alkyne metathesis: A theoretical perspective. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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3
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Thompson RR, Rotella ME, Zhou X, Fronczek FR, Gutierrez O, Lee S. Impact of Ligands and Metals on the Formation of Metallacyclic Intermediates and a Nontraditional Mechanism for Group VI Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9026-9039. [PMID: 34110130 PMCID: PMC8227475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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The
intermediacy of metallacyclobutadienes as part of a [2 + 2]/retro-[2
+ 2] cycloaddition-based mechanism is a well-established paradigm
in alkyne metathesis with alternative species viewed as off-cycle
decomposition products that interfere with efficient product formation.
Recent work has shown that the exclusive intermediate isolated from
a siloxide podand-supported molybdenum-based catalyst was not the
expected metallacyclobutadiene but instead a dynamic metallatetrahedrane.
Despite their paucity in the chemical literature, theoretical work
has shown these species to be thermodynamically more stable as well
as having modest barriers for cycloaddition. Consequentially, we report
the synthesis of a library of group VI alkylidynes as well as the
roles metal identity, ligand flexibility, secondary coordination sphere,
and substrate identity all have on isolable intermediates. Furthermore,
we report the disparities in catalyst competency as a function of
ligand sterics and metal choice. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations
are used to shed light on the mechanism and role of ligand and metal
on the intermediacy of metallacyclobutadiene and metallatetrahedrane
as well as their implications to alkyne metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Madeline E Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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4
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Frisch H, Mundsinger K, Poad BLJ, Blanksby SJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Wavelength-gated photoreversible polymerization and topology control. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2834-2842. [PMID: 32206267 PMCID: PMC7069517 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We exploit the wavelength dependence of [2 + 2] photocycloadditions and -reversions of styrylpyrene to exert unprecedented control over the photoreversible polymerization and topology of telechelic building blocks. Blue light (λ max = 460 nm) initiates a catalyst-free polymerization yielding high molar mass polymers (M n = 60 000 g mol-1), which are stable at wavelengths exceeding 430 nm, yet highly responsive to shorter wavelengths. UVB irradiation (λ max = 330 nm) induces a rapid depolymerization affording linear oligomers, whereas violet light (λ max = 410 nm) generates cyclic entities. Thus, different colors of light allow switching between a depolymerization that either proceeds through cyclic or linear topologies. The light-controlled topology formation was evidenced by correlation of mass spectrometry (MS) with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion mobility data. Critically, the color-guided topology control was also possible with ambient laboratory light affording cyclic oligomers, while sunlight activated the linear depolymerization pathway. These findings suggest that light not only induces polymerization and depolymerization but that its color can control the topological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- Centre for Materials Science , School of Chemistry and Physics , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia .
| | - Kai Mundsinger
- Centre for Materials Science , School of Chemistry and Physics , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia .
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility , Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility , Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science , School of Chemistry and Physics , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia .
- Macromolecular Architectures , Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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5
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Thompson RR, Rotella ME, Du P, Zhou X, Fronczek FR, Kumar R, Gutierrez O, Lee S. Siloxide Podand Ligand as a Scaffold for Molybdenum-Catalyzed Alkyne Metathesis and Isolation of a Dynamic Metallatetrahedrane Intermediate. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pu Du
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
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6
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Zhou X, Thompson RR, Fronczek FR, Lee S. Size-Selective Synthesis of Large Cycloparaphenyleneacetylene Carbon Nanohoops Using Alkyne Metathesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:4680-4683. [PMID: 31144823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Size selective synthesis of large cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoops was achieved using alkyne metathesis. The large nanohoops were stable in ambient conditions due to their reduced strain. The nanohoops exhibited blue fluorescence with high quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Richard R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
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7
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Zha GF, Fang WY, Li YG, Leng J, Chen X, Qin HL. SO2F2-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17666-17673. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - You-Gui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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8
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Polymer engineering based on reversible covalent chemistry: A promising innovative pathway towards new materials and new functionalities. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Moneypenny TP, Liu H, Yang A, Robertson ID, Moore JS. Grubbs-inspired metathesis in the Moore group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Moneypenny
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Anna Yang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Ian D. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
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10
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Schaubach S, Gebauer K, Ungeheuer F, Hoffmeister L, Ilg MK, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. A Two-Component Alkyne Metathesis Catalyst System with an Improved Substrate Scope and Functional Group Tolerance: Development and Applications to Natural Product Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:8494-507. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Gebauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | | | - Marina K. Ilg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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11
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Zhong Y, Wang Q, Yang Y, Lu Z, He L, Gong B. Hexakis(m-phenylene ethynylene) Macrocycles with Multiple H-Bonding Side Chains and Modified Cavities: Altered Stacking Strength and Persistent Tubular Assembly. Org Lett 2016; 18:2094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhong
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiuhua Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhonglin Lu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lan He
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Gong
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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12
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Kline MA, Wei X, Horner IJ, Liu R, Chen S, Chen S, Yung KY, Yamato K, Cai Z, Bright FV, Zeng XC, Gong B. Extremely strong tubular stacking of aromatic oligoamide macrocycles. Chem Sci 2015; 6:152-157. [PMID: 28553464 PMCID: PMC5424541 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third-generation rigid macrocycles evolved from progenitor 1, cyclic aromatic oligoamides 3, with a backbone of reduced constraint, exhibit extremely strong stacking with an astoundingly high affinity (estimated lower limit of Kdimer > 1013 M-1 in CHCl3), which leads to dispersed tubular stacks that undergo further assembly in solution. Computational study reveals a very large binding energy (-49.77 kcal mol-1) and indicates highly cooperative local dipole interactions that account for the observed strength and directionality for the stacking of 3. In the solid-state, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that the aggregation of 3 results in well-aligned tubular stacks. The persistent tubular assemblies of 3, with their non-deformable sub-nm pore, are expected to possess many interesting functions. One such function, transmembrane ion transport, is observed for 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kline
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Ian J Horner
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Ka Yi Yung
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Kazuhiro Yamato
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , USA
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Shinohara H, Sonoda M, Hayagane N, Kita S, Tanimori S, Ogawa A. Silica gel-promoted convenient synthesis of 2-bromo-3-hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Sisco SW, Larson BM, Moore JS. Relaxing Conformational Constraints in Dynamic Macrocycle Synthesis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500673x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Sisco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brandon M. Larson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) has been strongly integrated into diverse research fields, and has enabled easy access to a variety of combinatorial libraries, 2-D macrocycles, and 3-D molecular cages that target many important applications, such as drug discovery, biotechnology, molecular separation, light harvesting, etc. DCvC relies on the reversible formation and breaking of rather strong covalent bonding within molecules. Therefore it combines the error-correction capability of supramolecular chemistry and the robustness of covalent bonding. Compared to those supramolecular interactions, dynamic covalent reactions usually have slower kinetics and require the assistance of catalysts to achieve rapid equilibrium. Although the scope of dynamic covalent reactions is rapidly expanding, the reversible reactions suitable for DCvC are still very limited. The identification and development of new dynamic reactions and catalysts would be critical for the further advancement of DCvC. This review covers the recent development of dynamic covalent reactions as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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18
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Cranford SW. Thermal stability of idealized folded carbyne loops. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:490. [PMID: 24252156 PMCID: PMC3842786 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-unfolding items provide a practical convenience, wherein ring-like frames are contorted into a state of equilibrium and subsequently pop up' or deploy when perturbed from a folded structure. Can the same process be exploited at the molecular scale? At the limiting scale is a closed chain of single atoms, used here to investigate the limits of stability of such folded ring structures via full atomistic molecular dynamics. Carbyne is a one-dimensional carbon allotrope composed of sp-hybridized carbon atoms. Here, we explore the stability of idealized carbyne loops as a function of chain length, curvature, and temperature, and delineate an effective phase diagram between folded and unfolded states. We find that while overall curvature is reduced, in addition to torsional and self-adhesive energy barriers, a local increase in curvature results in the largest impedance to unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Cranford
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Deraedt C, d'Halluin M, Astruc D. Metathesis Reactions: Recent Trends and Challenges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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