1
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Finzel K, Schwarz U. Zintl Phase versus Covalent Metal: Chemical Bonding in Silicon Dumbbells of Ca 5Si 3 and CaSi 3. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38912596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Silicon dumbbells constitute identifiable anionic molecular species in Zintl phases and so-called covalent metals holding units with homopolar bonding inside a metallic framework. Based on electron-precise Ca5Si3 and metallic CaSi3, the chemical bonding in Si2 units is investigated by computational quantum chemical methods considering the dual nature of the wave function. This concerted wave-vector and real space study substantiates that the Si2 dumbbells in Ca5Si3 can be referred to as molecular building units Si26- with additional metallic and ionic contributions in the solid. In the covalent metal CaSi3, however, the bonding within the dumbbells falls short of fulfilling the octet rule. As a result, antibonding states of the Si2 building units are depopulated and attend metallic interactions, simultaneously giving rise to stronger covalent Si-Si bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Finzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Noethnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Noethnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Clark WP, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Prots Y, Fitch A, Krnel M, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Ge 32 Co 9-x : Creating "Empty" Space by High Pressure. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203955. [PMID: 36722619 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The compound Ge32 Co9-x (x=0.54(6), a=10.9861(3) Å, space group Im 3 ‾ $\bar 3$ m) prepared under high pressure and at high temperature is metastable under ambient conditions. It crystallizes in a new structure type, Pearson symbol cI82-1.08. The crystal structure represents a slightly distorted cubic primitive arrangement of germanium atoms with part of the Ge cubes filled by cobalt. Analysis of the chemical bonding by real-space methods revealed three-core cluster units Ge16 Co3 and seemingly empty regions comprising either covalent inter-polyhedral Ge-Ge bonds or lone-pairs located at the germanium atoms. The electrical conductivity is metal-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Clark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Fitch
- ESRF, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitja Krnel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Gadolinium trisilicide − a paramagnetic representative of the YbSi 3 type series. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Binary gadolinium trisilicide GdSi3 was prepared by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis at typically 9.5(5) GPa and 870 K before quenching to ambient conditions. At ambient pressure, GdSi3 exhibits an exothermic decomposition at 647(10) K into the thermodynamically stable phases GdSi2–x
and Si, indicating its metastable character. Powder X-ray diffraction data is consistent with the YbSi3-type crystal structure comprising slabs of condensed Si2 dumbbells, which enclose layered arrangements of gadolinium cations. Quantum chemical analysis of the chemical bonding shows, that the framework is formed by silicon dumbbells with homopolar bonds. The magnetic moment of 8.13(8) µ
B is consistent with Gd4f
7 (Gd3+ state) and antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below 64(1) K.
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4
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Zhang J, Chen G, Liu H. Stable Structures and Superconductivity in a Y-Si System under High Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10388-10393. [PMID: 34669413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the discovery of superconductivity in compressed electrides offers a promising route toward searching for high superconductivity in a high-pressure community. However, only a few superconducting electrides have been successfully found thus far, thereby limiting the variety of superconducting electride examples. In this work, we performed extensive structure searches on a high-pressure Y-Si system by using CALYPSO structure prediction methodology. Our simulations identified several stable stoichiometries of YSi, YSi2, YSi3, Y5Si3, Y2Si, and Y3Si under high pressure. These structures contain a diversity of structure configurations, including silicon chains, Si3 trilaterals, Si4 quadrilaterals, Si6 hexagons, Si8 rings, a Si4-Si6-Si8 frame, as well as a silicon layer. Remarkably, Y3Si is predicted to be an electride with a superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of ∼11.2 and 14.5 K at 30 and 50 GPa, respectively. These results highlight the role of the electrons at the Fermi surface in determining the superconductivity of predicted structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Abstract
Abstract
The new samarium germanide SmGe3 is obtained by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of pre-reacted mixtures of samarium and germanium at a pressure of 9.5 GPa and temperatures between 1073 and 1273 K. SmGe3 decomposes at 470(5) K into SmGe2, α-Sm3Ge5 and a hitherto unknown phase. SmGe3 exhibits a superstructure of the cubic Cu3Au-type. Transmission electron microscopy measurements of crystalline particles and prepared lamellae indicate a high density of defects on the nanoscale. Selected area electron diffraction and elaborate X-ray powder diffraction measurements consistently indicate a 2a
0 × 2a
0 × 2a
0 superstructure adopting space group
F
m
3
¯
m
$Fm\overline{3}m$
with a = 8.6719(2) Å.
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6
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Hübner J, Carrillo‐Cabrera W, Prots Y, Bobnar M, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Unkonventionelle Metall‐Netzwerk‐Wechselwirkungen in MgSi
5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia‐Maria Hübner
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Wilder Carrillo‐Cabrera
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Yurii Prots
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Yuri Grin
- Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
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7
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Hübner JM, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Prots Y, Bobnar M, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Unconventional Metal-Framework Interaction in MgSi 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12914-12918. [PMID: 31339624 PMCID: PMC6899931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The silicon‐rich cage compound MgSi5 was obtained by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis. Initial crystal structure determination by electron diffraction tomography provided the basis for phase analyses in the process of synthesis optimization, finally facilitating the growth of single crystals suitable for X‐ray diffraction experiments. The crystal structure of MgSi5 (space group Cmme, Pearson notation oS24, a=4.4868(2) Å, b=10.1066(5) Å, and c=9.0753(4) Å) constitutes a new type of framework of four‐bonded silicon atoms forming Si15 cages enclosing the Mg atoms. Two types of smaller Si8 cages remain empty. The atomic interactions are characterized by two‐center two‐electron bonds within the silicon framework. In addition, there is evidence for multi‐center Mg−Si bonding in the large cavities of the framework and for lone‐pair‐like interactions in the smaller empty voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Antonyshyn I, Sichevych O, Ormeci A, Burkhardt U, Rasim K, Titlbach S, Armbrüster M, Schunk SA, Grin Y. Ca-Ag compounds in ethylene epoxidation reaction. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:902-916. [PMID: 31579432 PMCID: PMC6758618 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1655664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene epoxidation is a challenging catalytic process, and development of active and selective catalyst requires profound understanding of its chemical behaviour under reaction conditions. The systematic study on intermetallic compounds in the Ca-Ag system under ethylene epoxidation conditions clearly shows that the character of the oxidation processes on the surface originates from the atomic interactions in the pristine compound. The Ag-rich compounds Ca2Ag7 and CaAg2 undergo oxidation towards fcc Ag and a complex Ca-based support, whereas equiatomic CaAg and the Ca-rich compounds Ca5Ag3 and Ca3Ag in bulk remain stable under harsh ethylene epoxidation conditions. For the latter presence of water vapour in the gas stream leads to noticeable corrosion. Combining the experimental results with the chemical bonding analysis and first-principles calculations, the relationships among the chemical nature of the compounds, their reactivity and catalytic performance towards epoxidation of ethylene are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Antonyshyn
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sichevych
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alim Ormeci
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Rasim
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marc Armbrüster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Materials for Innovative Energy Concepts, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Yuri Grin
- Chemical Metals Science Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Characteristics of the s–Wave Symmetry Superconducting State in the BaGe3 Compound. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of the s–wave symmetry superconducting phase in three selected structures of the BaGe 3 compound ( P 6 3 / m m c , A m m 2 , and I 4 / m m m ) were discussed in the context of DFT results obtained for the Eliashberg function. This compound may enable the implementation of systems for quantum information processing. Calculations were carried out within the Eliashberg formalism due to the fact that the electron–phonon coupling constant falls within the range λ ∈ 0 . 73 , 0 . 86 . The value of the Coulomb pseudopotential was assumed to be 0 . 122 , in accordance with the experimental results. The value of the Coulomb pseudopotential was assumed to be 0 . 122 , in accordance with the experimental results. The existence of the superconducting state of three different critical temperature values, namely, 4 . 0 K, 4 . 5 K and 5 . 5 K, depending on the considered structure, was stated. We determined the differences in free energy ( Δ F ) and specific heat ( Δ C ) between the normal and the superconducting states, as well as the thermodynamic critical field ( H c ) as a function of temperature. A drop in the H c value to zero at the temperature of 4.0 K was observed for the P 6 3 / m m c structure, which is in good accordance with the experimental data. Further, the values of the dimensionless thermodynamic parameters of the superconducting state were estimated as: R Δ = 2 Δ ( 0 ) / k B T c ∈ { 3 . 68 , 3 . 8 , 3 . 8 } , R C = Δ C ( T c ) / C N ( T c ) ∈ { 1 . 55 , 1 . 71 , 1 . 75 } , and R H = T c C N ( T c ) / H c 2 ( 0 ) ∈ { 0 . 168 , 0 . 16 , 0 . 158 } , which are slightly different from the predictions of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory ( [ R Δ ] B C S = 3 . 53 , [ R C ] B C S = 1 . 43 , and [ R H ] B C S = 0 . 168 ). This is caused by the occurrence of small retardation and strong coupling effects.
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10
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Hübner JM, Akselrud L, Schnelle W, Burkhardt U, Bobnar M, Prots Y, Grin Y, Schwarz U. High-Pressure Synthesis and Chemical Bonding of Barium Trisilicide BaSi₃. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12010145. [PMID: 30621176 PMCID: PMC6337167 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BaSi3 is obtained at pressures between 12(2) and 15(2) GPa and temperatures from 800(80) and 1050(105) K applied for one to five hours before quenching. The new trisilicide crystallizes in the space group I4¯2m (no. 121) and adopts a unique atomic arrangement which is a distorted variant of the CaGe3 type. At ambient pressure and 570(5) K, the compound decomposes in an exothermal reaction into (hP3)BaSi2 and two amorphous silicon-rich phases. Chemical bonding analysis reveals covalent bonding in the silicon partial structure and polar multicenter interactions between the silicon layers and the barium atoms. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate metallic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lev Akselrud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Hübner JM, Bobnar M, Akselrud L, Prots Y, Grin Y, Schwarz U. Lutetium Trigermanide LuGe 3: High-Pressure Synthesis, Superconductivity, and Chemical Bonding. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10295-10302. [PMID: 30070106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LuGe3 was obtained under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions at pressures between 8(1) and 14(2) GPa and at temperatures in the range from 1100(150) to 1500(150) K. The high-pressure phase is isotypic to DyGe3 and decomposes at ambient pressure and T = 690 K mainly into ( cF8)Ge and LuGe2- x. Chemical bonding analysis of LuGe3 reveals two-center electron-deficient Ge-Ge bonds, multicenter polar Lu-Ge interactions, and lone pairs on germanium. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical conductivity measurements indicate transition into a superconducting state below Tc = 3.3(3) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Lev Akselrud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
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12
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Feringa BL. The Art of Building Small: From Molecular Switches to Motors (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11060-11078. [PMID: 28851050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A journey into the nano-world: The ability to design, use and control motor-like functions at the molecular level sets the stage for numerous dynamic molecular systems. In his Nobel Lecture, B. L. Feringa describes the evolution of the field of molecular motors and explains how to program and control molecules by incorporating responsive and adaptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Feringa BL. Die Kunst, klein zu bauen: von molekularen Schaltern bis zu Motoren (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Groningen Niederlande
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14
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Solokha P, Minetti R, De Negri S, Pereira LCJ, Gonçalves AP, Saccone A. The
R
MgSn
2
Series of Compounds (
R
= Rare Earth Metal): Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Measurements. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Solokha
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Riccardo Minetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Serena De Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Laura Cristina J. Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, EN 10 Universidade de Lisboa ao Km 139.7 2695‐066 Bobadela LRS Portugal
| | - Antonio P. Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, EN 10 Universidade de Lisboa ao Km 139.7 2695‐066 Bobadela LRS Portugal
| | - Adriana Saccone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Genova via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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15
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Castillo R, Baranov AI, Burkhardt U, Cardoso-Gil R, Schnelle W, Bobnar M, Schwarz U. Germanium Dumbbells in a New Superconducting Modification of BaGe3. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4498-503. [PMID: 27064595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis (P = 15 GPa, T = 1300 K) of BaGe3(tI32) adopting a CaGe3-type crystal structure. Bonding analysis reveals layers of covalently bonded germanium dumbbells being involved in multicenter Ba-Ge interactions. Physical measurements evidence metal-type electrical conductivity and a transition to a superconducting state at 6.5 K. Chemical bonding and physical properties of the new modification are discussed in comparison to the earlier described hexagonal form BaGe3(hP8) with a columnar arrangement of Ge3 triangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castillo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey I Baranov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raul Cardoso-Gil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Castillo R, Schnelle W, Baranov AI, Burkhardt U, Bobnar M, Cardoso-Gil R, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Trigermanides AEGe 3( AE= Ca, Sr, Ba): chemical bonding and superconductivity. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe crystal structures of the trigermanidesAEGe3(tI32) (AE= Ca, Sr, Ba; space groupI4/mmm, for SrGe3:a= 7.7873(1),c= 12.0622(3) Å) comprise Ge2dumbbells forming layered Ge substructures which enclose embeddedAEatoms. The chemical bonding analysis by application of the electron localizability approach reveals a substantial charge transfer from theAEatoms to the germanium substructure. The bonding within the dumbbells is of the covalent two-center type. A detailed analysis of SrGe3reveals that the interaction on the bond-opposite side of the Ge2groups is not lone pair-like – as it would be expected from the Zintl-like interpretation of the crystal structure with anionic Ge layers separated by alkaline-earth cations – but multi-center strongly polar between the Ge2dumbbells and the adjacent metal atoms. Similar atomic interactions are present in CaGe3and BaGe3. The variation of the alkaline-earth metal has a merely insignificant influence on the superconducting transition temperatures in thes,p-electron compoundsAEGe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castillo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey I. Baranov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raul Cardoso-Gil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Nishikawa T, Fukuoka H, Inumaru K. High-Pressure Synthesis and Electronic Structure of a New Superconducting Strontium Germanide (SrGe3) Containing Ge2 Dumbbells. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:7433-7. [PMID: 26171709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We obtained a new strontium germanide (SrGe3) by high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis. It was prepared at 13 GPa and 1100 °C. The space group and cell constants are I4/mmm (No. 139), a = 7.7800(8) Å, c = 12.0561(13) Å, and V = 729.74(17) Å(3). SrGe3 crystallizes in the CaSi3 structure composed of Ge-Ge dumbbells and Sr(2+) ions. SrGe3 is a type II superconductor with a transition temperature of 6.0 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nishikawa
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuoka
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kei Inumaru
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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18
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Zurek E, Yao Y. Theoretical Predictions of Novel Superconducting Phases of BaGe3 Stable at Atmospheric and High Pressures. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2875-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zurek
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X4, Canada
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20
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Akselrud L, Wosylus A, Castillo R, Aydemir U, Prots Y, Schnelle W, Grin Y, Schwarz U. BaGe6 and BaGe6-x: Incommensurately Ordered Vacancies as Electron Traps. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12699-705. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lev Akselrud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aron Wosylus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Castillo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Umut Aydemir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Tanaka M, Zhang S, Inumaru K, Yamanaka S. High-pressure synthesis and superconductivity of the Laves phase compound Ca(Al,Si)2 composed of truncated tetrahedral cages Ca@(Al,Si))12. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6039-45. [PMID: 23654286 DOI: 10.1021/ic400395n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Zintl compound CaAl2Si2 peritectically decomposes to a new ternary cubic Laves phase Ca(Al,Si)2 and an Al-Si eutectic at temperatures above 750 °C under a pressure of 13 GPa. The ternary Laves phase compound can also be prepared as solid solutions Ca(Al(1-x)Si(x))2 (0.35 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) directly from the ternary mixtures under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The cubic Laves phase structure can be regarded as a type of clathrate compound composed of face-sharing truncated tetrahedral cages with Ca atoms at the center, Ca@(Al,Si)12. The compound with a stoichiometric composition CaAlSi exhibits superconductivity with a transition temperature of 2.6 K. This is the first superconducting Laves phase compound composed solely of commonly found elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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