1
|
Nardi MV, Timpel M, Pasquardini L, Toccoli T, Scarpa M, Verucchi R. Controlled Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Silicon Nitride Surfaces through Supersonic Molecular Beam Deposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5390. [PMID: 37570093 PMCID: PMC10419894 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of inorganic surfaces by organic functional molecules is a viable and promising method towards the realization of novel classes of biosensing devices. The proper comprehension of the chemical properties of the interface, as well as of the number of active binding sites for bioreceptor molecules are characteristics that will determine the interaction of the sensor with the analyte, and thus its final efficiency. We present a new and reliable surface functionalization route based on supersonic molecular beam deposition (SuMBD) using 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as a bi-functional molecular linker on the chemically inert silicon nitride surface to further allow for stable and homogeneous attachment of biomolecules. The kinetically activated binding of the molecular layer to silicon nitride and the growth as a function of deposition time was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the properties of films with different thicknesses were investigated by optical and vibrational spectroscopies. After subsequent attachment of a biological probe, fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the molecular layer's surface density. The successful functionalization of silicon nitride surface via SuMBD and the detailed growth and interface analysis paves the way for reliably attaching bioreceptor molecules onto the silicon nitride surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco V. Nardi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | | | - Tullio Toccoli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Marina Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Nanoscience Laboratory, Via Sommarive, 14, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
In this work, we outline a general method for calculating Auger spectra in molecules, which accounts for the underlying symmetry of the system. This theory starts from Fano’s formulation of the interaction between discrete and continuum states, and it generalizes this formalism to deal with the simultaneous presence of several intermediate quasi-bound states and several non-interacting decay channels. Our theoretical description is specifically tailored to resonant autoionization and Auger processes, and it explicitly includes the incoming wave boundary conditions for the continuum states and an accurate treatment of the Coulomb repulsion. This approach is implemented and applied to the calculation of the K−LL Auger and autoionization spectra of ozone, which is a C2v symmetric molecule, whose importance in our atmosphere to filter out radiation has been widely confirmed. We also show the effect that the molecular point group and, in particular, the localization of the core-hole in the oxygen atoms related by symmetry operations, has on the electronic structure of the Auger states and on the spectral lineshape by comparing our results with the experimental data.
Collapse
|
3
|
Morresi T, Timpel M, Pedrielli A, Garberoglio G, Tatti R, Verucchi R, Pasquali L, Pugno NM, Nardi MV, Taioli S. A novel combined experimental and multiscale theoretical approach to unravel the structure of SiC/SiO x core/shell nanowires for their optimal design. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13449-13461. [PMID: 29972180 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose a realistic model of nanometer-thick SiC/SiOx core/shell nanowires (NWs) using a combined first-principles and experimental approach. SiC/SiOx core/shell NWs were first synthesised by a low-cost carbothermal method and their chemical-physical experimental analysis was accomplished by recording X-ray absorption near-edge spectra. In particular, the K-edge absorption lineshapes of C, O, and Si are used to validate our computational model of the SiC/SiOx core/shell NW architectures, obtained by a multiscale approach, including molecular dynamics, tight-binding and density functional simulations. Moreover, we present ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of hydrogenated SiC and SiC/SiOx core/shell NWs, studying the modification induced by several different substitutional defects and impurities into both the surface and the interfacial region between the SiC core and the SiOx shell. We find that on the one hand the electron quantum confinement results in a broadening of the band gap, while hydroxyl surface terminations decrease it. This computational investigation shows that our model of SiC/SiOx core/shell NWs is capable to deliver an accurate interpretation of the recorded X-ray absorption near-edge spectra and proves to be a valuable tool towards the optimal design and application of these nanosystems in actual devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Morresi
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-FBK) and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Trento, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Signetti S, Taioli S, Pugno NM. 2D Material Armors Showing Superior Impact Strength of Few Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40820-40830. [PMID: 29120161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the ballistic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials upon the hypervelocity impacts of C60 fullerene molecules combining ab initio density functional tight binding and finite element simulations. The critical penetration energy of monolayer membranes is determined using graphene and the 2D allotrope of boron nitride as case studies. Furthermore, the energy absorption scaling laws with a variable number of layers and interlayer spacing are investigated, for homogeneous or hybrid configurations (alternated stacking of graphene and boron nitride). At the nanolevel, a synergistic interaction between the layers emerges, not observed at the micro- and macro-scale for graphene armors. This size-scale transition in the impact behavior toward higher dimensional scales is rationalized in terms of scaling of the damaged volume and material strength. An optimal number of layers, between 5 and 10, emerges demonstrating that few-layered 2D material armors possess impact strength even higher than their monolayer counterparts. These results provide fundamental understanding for the design of ultralightweight multilayer armors using enhanced 2D material-based nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Signetti
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento , via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Simone Taioli
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas, Fondazione Bruno Kessler & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications , strada delle Tabarelle 286, Villazzano, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Praha 8, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento , via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
- Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency , via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katre A, Carrete J, Dongre B, Madsen GKH, Mingo N. Exceptionally Strong Phonon Scattering by B Substitution in Cubic SiC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:075902. [PMID: 28949692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.075902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use ab initio calculations to predict the thermal conductivity of cubic SiC with different types of defects. An excellent quantitative agreement with previous experimental measurements is found. The results unveil that B_{C} substitution has a much stronger effect than any of the other defect types in 3C-SiC, including vacancies. This finding contradicts the prediction of the classical mass-difference model of impurity scattering, according to which the effects of B_{C} and N_{C} would be similar and much smaller than that of the C vacancy. The strikingly different behavior of the B_{C} defect arises from a unique pattern of resonant phonon scattering caused by the broken structural symmetry around the B impurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Katre
- LITEN, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bonny Dongre
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg K H Madsen
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalio Mingo
- LITEN, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taioli S, Gabbrielli R, Simonucci S, Pugno NM, Iorio A. Lobachevsky crystallography made real through carbon pseudospheres. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:13LT01. [PMID: 26941210 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/13/13lt01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We realize Lobachevsky geometry in a simulation lab, by producing a carbon-based energetically stable molecular structure, arranged in the shape of a Beltrami pseudosphere. We find that this structure: (i) corresponds to a non-Euclidean crystallographic group, namely a loxodromic subgroup of SL(2, Z); (ii) has an unavoidable singular boundary, that we fully take into account. Our approach, substantiated by extensive numerical simulations of Beltrami pseudospheres of different size, might be applied to other surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature, and points to a general procedure to generate them. Our results also pave the way to test certain scenarios of the physics of curved spacetimes owing to graphene's unique properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Taioli
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*), Bruno Kessler Foundation & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tatti R, Aversa L, Verucchi R, Cavaliere E, Garberoglio G, Pugno NM, Speranza G, Taioli S. Synthesis of single layer graphene on Cu(111) by C60 supersonic molecular beam epitaxy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02274j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High kinetic energy impacts between inorganic surfaces and molecular beams seeded by organics represent a fundamental tool in materials science, particularly when they activate chemical–physical processes leading to nanocrystals' growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tatti
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Lucrezia Aversa
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Emanuele Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Nicola Tartaglia & Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- Brescia
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)
- Bruno Kessler Foundation & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN)
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering
- University of Trento
- Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Giorgio Speranza
- Center for Materials and Microsystems
- Bruno Kessler Foundation
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Simone Taioli
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)
- Bruno Kessler Foundation & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN)
- Trento
- Italy
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duan XF, Burggraf LW. Theoretical investigation of stabilities and optical properties of Si12C12 clusters. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng F. Duan
- Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputer Resource Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Larry W. Burggraf
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taioli S, Simonucci S. A Computational Perspective on Multichannel Scattering Theory with Applications to Physical and Nuclear Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.arcc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
|
10
|
Taioli S. Computational study of graphene growth on copper by first-principles and kinetic Monte Carlo calculations. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Fabbri F, Rossi F, Negri M, Tatti R, Aversa L, Dhanabalan SC, Verucchi R, Attolini G, Salviati G. Carbon-doped SiO(x) nanowires with a large yield of white emission. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:185704. [PMID: 24736107 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/18/185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth of SiOx nanowires (NWs) with intense white emission is reported. Due to carbon monoxide gas being used as a dopant precursor, carbon-doped under-stoichiometric silicon dioxide NWs are obtained. The doping of the NWs is studied by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which allows to assess the presence of carbon atoms in the silicon oxide amorphous structure. The light emission properties are studied by means of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, which shows three main emission bands set at 2.7 eV (blue), 2.3 eV (green) and 1.9 eV (red), resulting in the white emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fabbri
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duan XF, Burggraf LW, Huang L. Searching for stable Si(n)C(n) clusters: combination of stochastic potential surface search and pseudopotential plane-wave Car-Parinello simulated annealing simulations. Molecules 2013; 18:8591-606. [PMID: 23881049 PMCID: PMC6270377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To find low energy Si(n)C(n) structures out of hundreds to thousands of isomers we have developed a general method to search for stable isomeric structures that combines Stochastic Potential Surface Search and Pseudopotential Plane-Wave Density Functional Theory Car-Parinello Molecular Dynamics simulated annealing (PSPW-CPMD-SA). We enhanced the Sunders stochastic search method to generate random cluster structures used as seed structures for PSPW-CPMD-SA simulations. This method ensures that each SA simulation samples a different potential surface region to find the regional minimum structure. By iterations of this automated, parallel process on a high performance computer we located hundreds to more than a thousand stable isomers for each Si(n)C(n) cluster. Among these, five to 10 of the lowest energy isomers were further optimized using B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method. We applied this method to Si(n)C(n) (n = 4-12) clusters and found the lowest energy structures, most not previously reported. By analyzing the bonding patterns of low energy structures of each Si(n)C(n) cluster, we observed that carbon segregations tend to form condensed conjugated rings while Si connects to unsaturated bonds at the periphery of the carbon segregation as single atoms or clusters when n is small and when n is large a silicon network spans over the carbon segregation region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng F. Duan
- Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputer Resource Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Larry W. Burggraf
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Lingyu Huang
- College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nardi MV, Detto F, Aversa L, Verucchi R, Salviati G, Iannotta S, Casarin M. Electronic properties of CuPc and H2Pc: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12864-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|