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Honda T, Ogata D, Tsurui M, Yoshida S, Sato S, Muraoka T, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Yuasa J, Oguri H. Rapid Synthesis of Chiral Figure-Eight Macrocycles Using a Preorganized Natural Product-Based Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318548. [PMID: 38169344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chiral D2 -symmetric figure-eight shaped macrocycles are promising scaffolds for amplifying the chiroptical properties of π-conjugated systems. By harnessing the inherent and adaptable conformational dynamics of a chiral C2 -symmetric bispyrrolidinoindoline (BPI) manifold, we developed an enantio-divergent modular synthetic platform to rapidly generate a diverse range of chiral macrocycles, spanning from 14- to 66-membered rings, eliminating the need for optical resolution. Notably, a 32-membered figure-eight macrocycle showed excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL: |glum |=1.1×10-2 ) complemented by a robust emission quantum yield (Φfl =0.74), to achieve outstanding CPL brightness (BCPL : ϵ×Φfl ×|glum |/2=480). Using quadruple Sonogashira couplings, this versatile synthetic platform enables precise adjustments of the angle, distance, and length among intersecting π-conjugated chromophores. Our synthetic strategy offers a streamlined and systematic approach to significantly enhance BCPL values for a variety of chiral D2 -symmetric figure-eight macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiji Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsurui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, FS CREATION, Mitsui LINK Lab Kashiwanoha 1, 6-6-2, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-0882, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, FS CREATION, Mitsui LINK Lab Kashiwanoha 1, 6-6-2, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Richter M, Vieira L, Sieber V. Sustainable Chemistry - An Interdisciplinary Matrix Approach. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:251-265. [PMID: 32945148 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of green chemistry, the continuous development of new and advanced tools for sustainable synthesis is essential. For this, multi-facetted underlying demands pose inherent challenges to individual chemical disciplines. As a solution, both interdisciplinary technology screening and research can enhance the possibility for groundbreaking innovation. To illustrate the stages from discovery to the implementing of combined technologies, a SusChem matrix model is proposed inspired by natural product biosynthesis. The model describes a multi-dimensional and dynamic exploratory space where necessary interaction is exclusively provided and guided by sustainable themes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio- Electro-and Chemocatalysis BioCat Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Luciana Vieira
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio- Electro-and Chemocatalysis BioCat Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio- Electro-and Chemocatalysis BioCat Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- Technical University of Munich Campus, Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany
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Synthesis of Polycyclic Ether-Benzopyrans and In Vitro Inhibitory Activity against Leishmania tarentolae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225461. [PMID: 33233418 PMCID: PMC7700287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of a focused library of polycyclic ether-benzopyrans was undertaken in order to discover new therapeutic compounds that affect Leishmania growth and infectivity. This is especially of interest since there are few drug therapies for leishmaniasis that do not have serious drawbacks such high cost, side effects, and emerging drug resistance. The construction of these polycyclic ether-benzopyrans utilized an acetoxypyranone-alkene [5+2] cycloaddition and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The multi-gram quantity of the requisite aryl bromide was obtained followed by effective Pd-catalyzed coupling with boronic acid derivatives. Compounds were tested in vitro using the parasitic protozoan, Leishmania tarentolae. Effects of concentration, time, and exposure to light were evaluated. In addition, the effects on secreted acid phosphatase activity and nitric oxide production were investigated, since both have been implicated in parasite infectivity. The data presented herein are indicative of disruption of the Leishmania tarentolae and thus provide impetus for the development and testing of a more extensive library.
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Tsuchiya N, Ryu Y, Muraoka T, Oguri H. Design of C 2-symmetric alkaloidal chiral amphiphiles and configurational effects on self-assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9305-9313. [PMID: 30387482 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a cornerstone in the development of medicinal and synthetic compounds due to their capability of specific recognition of targeted biomacromolecules, and uses in optical resolution and asymmetric reactions. To explore the untapped potential of the rigid and densely functionalized structures of alkaloids with precisely regulated configurations as optically active core scaffolds of self-assembling molecules, here we report the design, syntheses, chiroptical properties and self-assemblies of C2-symmetric alkaloidal amphiphiles with anti/syn stereochemical variations. Bispyrrolidinoindoline (BPI) was chosen as the optically active core scaffold. It was synthetically modified with hydrophobic alkyl chains and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol tails to provide amphiphilicity. The anti/syn configurational differences in the amphiphiles significantly influenced the chiroptical, dynamic and supramolecular properties. Amphiphiles with anti-configurations responded to a solvent polarity change by altering their conformations, while the conformational changes of the syn-type amphiphiles were largely restricted. Furthermore, the anti-type amphiphile having the highest structural flexibility showed a characteristic split Cotton effect in an organic medium and formed the largest aggregates upon addition of water with a significant change in the circular dichroism (CD) profile, while amphiphiles having conformational restriction by the syn-configuration or a macrocyclic structure showed monomodal CD signals and afforded significantly smaller aggregates upon addition of water. Hence, the C2-symmetric alkaloidal BPI structure is demonstrated to be a useful core scaffold for supramolecular chemistry to design amphiphiles with controllable configurational diversity, which allows for the customization of chiroptical properties, conformational flexibility and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tsuchiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Taniguchi T, Tsubouchi A, Imai Y, Yuasa J, Oguri H. Chiroptical Inversion of Europium(III) Complexes by Changing a Remote Stereogenic Center of a C2-Symmetric Bispyrrolidinoindoline Manifold. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15284-15296. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akira Tsubouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Sigmann S. Chemical safety education for the 21st century — Fostering safety information competency in chemists. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchas.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Montroni D, Valle F, Rapino S, Fermani S, Calvaresi M, Harrington MJ, Falini G. Functional Biocompatible Matrices from Mussel Byssus Waste. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:57-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- National
Research Council (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via
P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Harrington
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Deiana M, Mettra B, Mazur LM, Andraud C, Samoc M, Monnereau C, Matczyszyn K. Two-Photon Macromolecular Probe Based on a Quadrupolar Anthracenyl Scaffold for Sensitive Recognition of Serum Proteins under Simulated Physiological Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5715-5725. [PMID: 30023750 PMCID: PMC6045344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The binding interaction of a biocompatible water-soluble polycationic two-photon fluorophore (Ant-PIm) toward human serum albumin (HSA) was thoroughly investigated under simulated physiological conditions using a combination of steady-state, time-resolved, and two-photon excited fluorescence techniques. The emission properties of both Ant-PIm and the fluorescent amino acid residues in HSA undergo remarkable changes upon complexation allowing the thermodynamic profile associated with Ant-PIm-HSA complexation to be accurately established. The marked increase in Ant-PIm fluorescence intensity and quantum yield in the proteinous environment seems to be the outcome of the attenuation of radiationless decay pathways resulting from motional restriction imposed on the fluorophore. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and site-marker competitive experiments provide conclusive evidence that the binding of Ant-PIm preferentially occurs within the subdomain IIA. The pronounced hypsochromic effect and increased fluorescence enhancement upon association with HSA, compared to that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and other biological interferents, makes the polymeric Ant-PIm probe a valuable sensing agent in rather complex biological environments, allowing facile discrimination between the closely related HSA and BSA. Furthermore, the strong two-photon absorption (TPA) with a maximum located at 820 nm along with a TPA cross section σ2 > 800 GM, and the marked changes in the position and intensity of the band upon complexation definitely make Ant-PIm a promising probe for two-photon excited fluorescence-based discrimination of HSA from BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Deiana
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bastien Mettra
- Univ
Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Leszek M. Mazur
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ
Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marek Samoc
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- Univ
Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Mettra B, Appaix F, Olesiak-Banska J, Le Bahers T, Leung A, Matczyszyn K, Samoc M, van der Sanden B, Monnereau C, Andraud C. A Fluorescent Polymer Probe with High Selectivity toward Vascular Endothelial Cells for and beyond Noninvasive Two-Photon Intravital Imaging of Brain Vasculature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17047-59. [PMID: 27267494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A chromophore-engineering strategy that relies on the introduction of a ground-state distortion in a quadrupolar chromophore was used to obtain a quasi-quadrupolar chromophore with red emission and large two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section in polar solvents. This molecule was functionalized with water-solubilizing polymer chains. It constitutes not only a remarkable contrast agent for intravital two-photon microscopy of the functional cerebral vasculature in a minimally invasive configuration but presents intriguing endothelial staining ability that makes it a valuable probe for premortem histological staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mettra
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon , F69342, Lyon, France
| | - F Appaix
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Inserm, U1216, Univ Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Olesiak-Banska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - T Le Bahers
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon , F69342, Lyon, France
| | - A Leung
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon , F69342, Lyon, France
| | - K Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Samoc
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B van der Sanden
- CLINATEC, INSERM UA 01, Rue des Martyrs 17, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - C Monnereau
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon , F69342, Lyon, France
| | - C Andraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon , F69342, Lyon, France
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Golder MR, Jasti R. Syntheses of the smallest carbon nanohoops and the emergence of unique physical phenomena. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:557-66. [PMID: 25689579 DOI: 10.1021/ar5004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design and construction of non-natural products have fascinated and perplexed organic chemists for years. Their assembly, akin to what has been accomplished for the total synthesis of natural products, has stretched the limits of what can be prepared in the laboratory. Unlike many natural products, however, carbon-rich structures often lack heteroatoms, further complicating their construction. Consider some of the classical molecules in this genre: cubane and dodecahedrane. While highly symmetric, their assembly is far from trivial. These fascinating hydrocarbon targets have fueled the development of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, as new methods are needed to access these types of compounds. Among these carbon-rich structures, polycyclic aromatics such as helicenes, fullerenes, and some fullerenes share common ground due to the distortion of one or more aromatic rings out of planarity. Recently added to this group are the [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs), "carbon nanohoops". Here, a linear string of benzene rings connected at the para positions is wrapped back upon itself to form a cyclic structure. Clearly a simple linear p-oligophenylene cannot be cyclized in this manner without extremely harsh reaction conditions. In order to access these structures using solution-phase organic chemistry, clever synthetic strategies that can compensate for this severe distortion are required. Although cycloparaphenylenes can be considered the smallest possible fragment of an armchair carbon nanotube (CNT), they were envisioned as synthetic targets long before CNTs were discovered in 1991. CPP synthesis was first attempted in 1934, almost 70 years before Iijima's first report on CNTs. The long-forgotten targets reemerged in 1993 with a report from Vögtle, though he ultimately was unsuccessful in achieving their synthesis. More than a decade later, in 2008, CPPs succumbed to total synthesis by Jasti and Bertozzi, allowing access to three different-sized carbon nanohoops in milligram quantities. Since then, the Jasti group has embraced the smallest CPPs as inspiring synthetic targets, challenging us to develop new methodology to construct increasingly strained macrocycles. Having recently synthesized [5]-, [6]- and [7]CPP, the three smallest nanohoops synthesized to date, we have been able to realize a variety of new physical phenomena unique to these structures. Perhaps most significantly, unlike linear p-phenylenes and inorganic quantum dots, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of the CPPs narrow with decreasing CPP size. The smallest CPPs discussed in this Account illustrate this feature exceptionally well, as their HOMO-LUMO gaps become narrower than those of even the longest p-polyphenylenes. The smaller CPPs are fascinating from a structural standpoint as well because of the high amount of distortion in each benzene ring. From the synthesis of [7]CPP (84 kcal/mol of strain energy) to that of [5]CPP (119 kcal/mol of strain energy), our laboratory has been able to test the boundaries of synthetic and physical organic chemistry. In this Account, we detail how these challenging macrocycles were synthesized and the unique properties these structures possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Golder
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Gademann K. Copy, edit, and paste: natural product approaches to biomaterials and neuroengineering. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:731-9. [PMID: 25719515 DOI: 10.1021/ar500435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the chemical sciences has formed the world we live in, both on a macroscopic and on a nanoscopic scale. The last century witnessed the development of high performance materials that interact with humans on many layers, from clothing to construction, from media to medical devices. On a molecular level, natural products and their derivatives influence many biological processes, and these compounds have enormously contributed to the health and quality of living of humans. Although coatings of stone materials with oils or resins (containing natural products) have led to improved tools already millennia ago, in contrast today, natural product approaches to designer materials, that is, combining the best of both worlds, remain scarce. In this Account, we will summarize our recent research efforts directed to the generation of natural product functionalized materials, exploiting the strategy of "copy, edit, and paste with natural products". Natural products embody the wisdom of evolution, and only total synthesis is able to unlock the secrets enshrined in their molecular structure. We employ total synthesis ("copy") as a scientific approach to address problems related to molecular structure, the biosynthesis of natural products, and their bioactivity. Additionally, the fundamental desire to investigate the mechanism of action of natural products constitutes a key driver for scientific inquiry. In an emerging area of relevance to society, we have prepared natural products such as militarinone D that can stimulate neurite outgrowth and facilitate nerve regeneration. This knowledge obtained by synthetic organic chemistry on complex natural products can then be used to design structurally simplified compounds that retain the biological power of the parent natural product ("edit"). This process, sometimes referred to as function-oriented synthesis, allows obtaining derivatives with better properties, improving their chemical tractability and reducing the step count of the synthesis. Along these lines, we have demonstrated that militarinone D can be truncated to yield structurally simplified analogs with improved activity. Finally, with the goal of designing bioactive materials, we have immobilized functionally optimized, neuritogenic natural products ("paste"). These materials could facilitate nerve regeneration, act as nerve guidance conduits, or lead to new approaches in neuroengineering. Based on the surface-adhesive properties of electron-deficient catecholates and the knowledge gathered on neuritogenic natural product derivatives, two mechanistically different design principles have been applied to generate neuritogenic materials. In conclusion, natural products, and their functionally optimized analogs, present a large, mostly untapped reservoir of powerful modulators of biological systems, and their hybridization with materials can lead to new approaches in various fields, from biofilm prevention to neuroengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction constructs plant alkaloids such as morphine and camptothecin, but it has not yet been noticed in the fungal kingdom. Here, a silent fungal Pictet-Spenglerase (FPS) gene of Chaetomium globosum 1C51 residing in Epinephelus drummondhayi guts is described and ascertained to be activable by 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT). The activated FPS expression enables the PS reaction between 1-MT and flavipin (fungal aldehyde) to form "unnatural" natural products with unprecedented skeletons, of which chaetoglines B and F are potently antibacterial with the latter inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. A gene-implied enzyme inhibition (GIEI) strategy has been introduced to address the key steps for PS product diversifications. In aggregation, the work designs and validates an innovative approach that can activate the PS reaction-based fungal biosynthetic machinery to produce unpredictable compounds of unusual and novel structure valuable for new biology and biomedicine.
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A Moment of Reflection: Sixty Years After the Nobel Prize for Hermann Staudinger. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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