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Svatunek D. Computational Organic Chemistry: The Frontier for Understanding and Designing Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:17. [PMID: 38727989 PMCID: PMC11087259 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of computational work in this field, including an exploration of both the primary computational analysis methods used and their application in the main areas of bioorthogonal chemistry: (3 + 2) and [4 + 2] cycloadditions. In the context of (3 + 2) cycloadditions, detailed studies of electronic effects have informed the evolution of cycloalkyne/1,3-dipole cycloadditions. Through computational techniques, researchers have found ways to adjust the electronic structure via hyperconjugation to enhance reactions without compromising stability. For [4 + 2] cycloadditions, methods such as distortion/interaction analysis and energy decomposition analysis have been beneficial, leading to the development of bioorthogonal reactants with improved reactivity and the creation of orthogonal reaction pairs. To conclude, I touch upon the emerging fields of cheminformatics and machine learning, which promise to play a role in future reaction discovery and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Svatunek D, Murnauer A, Tan Z, Houk KN, Lang K. How cycloalkane fusion enhances the cycloaddition reactivity of dibenzocyclooctynes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2229-2235. [PMID: 38332832 PMCID: PMC10848739 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dibenzoannulated cyclooctynes have emerged as valuable compounds for bioorthogonal reactions. They are commonly used in combination with azides in strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. They are typically, however, unreactive towards 3,6-disubstituted tetrazines in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions. Recently a dibenzoannulated bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne derivative (DMBO) with a cyclopropane fused to the cyclooctyne core was described, which showed surprising reactivity towards tetrazines. To elucidate the unusual reactivity of DMBO, we performed density functional theory calculations and revealed that a tub-like structure in the transition state results in a much lower activation barrier than in the absence of cyclopropane fusion. The same transition state geometry is found for different cycloalkanes fused to the cyclooctyne core albeit higher activation barriers are observed for increased ring sizes. This conformation is energetically unfavored for previously known dibenzoannulated cyclooctynes and allows tetrazines and azides to approach DMBO from the face rather than the edge, a trajectory that was hitherto not observed for this class of activated dieno- and dipolarophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Anton Murnauer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zhuoting Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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3
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Bednar RM, Karplus PA, Mehl RA. Site-specific dual encoding and labeling of proteins via genetic code expansion. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:343-361. [PMID: 36977415 PMCID: PMC10764108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability to selectively modify proteins at two or more defined locations opens new avenues for manipulating, engineering, and studying living systems. As a chemical biology tool for the site-specific encoding of non-canonical amino acids into proteins in vivo, genetic code expansion (GCE) represents a powerful tool to achieve such modifications with minimal disruption to structure and function through a two-step "dual encoding and labeling" (DEAL) process. In this review, we summarize the state of the field of DEAL using GCE. In doing so, we describe the basic principles of GCE-based DEAL, catalog compatible encoding systems and reactions, explore demonstrated and potential applications, highlight emerging paradigms in DEAL methodologies, and propose novel solutions to current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M Bednar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA; GCE4All Research Center, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA
| | - P Andrew Karplus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA; GCE4All Research Center, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA; GCE4All Research Center, Oregon State University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA.
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4
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Ma B, Niu W, Guo J. Proximity-enhanced protein crosslinking through an alkene-tetrazine reaction. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106359. [PMID: 36642019 PMCID: PMC9957846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction between a tetrazine and a strained alkene has been widely explored as useful bioorthogonal chemistry for selective labeling of biomolecules. In this work, we exploit the slow reaction between a non-conjugated terminal alkene and a tetrazine, and apply this reaction to achieving a proximity-enhanced protein crosslinking. In one protein subunit, a terminal alkene-containing amino acid was site-specifically incorporated in response to an amber nonsense codon. In another protein subunit, a tetrazine moiety was introduced through the attachment to a cysteine residue. Fast protein crosslinking was achieved due to a large increase in effective molarity of the two reactants that were brought to close proximity by the two interacting protein subunits. Such a proximity-enhanced protein crosslinking is useful for the study of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Han B, Tan L, Cai W, Li Y, Su Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Duan X, Wang H, Shi X, Wang J, Yang X, Liu T. Noncanonical amino acids as doubly bio-orthogonal handles for one-pot preparation of protein multiconjugates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:974. [PMID: 36810592 PMCID: PMC9944564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic encoding of noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) for site-specific protein modification has been widely applied for many biological and therapeutic applications. To efficiently prepare homogeneous protein multiconjugates, we design two encodable noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), 4-(6-(3-azidopropyl)-s-tetrazin-3-yl) phenylalanine (pTAF) and 3-(6-(3-azidopropyl)-s-tetrazin-3-yl) phenylalanine (mTAF), containing mutually orthogonal and bioorthogonal azide and tetrazine reaction handles. Recombinant proteins and antibody fragments containing the TAFs can easily be functionalized in one-pot reactions with combinations of commercially available fluorophores, radioisotopes, PEGs, and drugs in a plug-and-play manner to afford protein dual conjugates to assess combinations of tumor diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and targeted therapy in mouse models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that simultaneously incorporating mTAF and a ketone-containing ncAA into one protein via two non-sense codons allows preparation of a site-specific protein triconjugate. Our results demonstrate that TAFs are doubly bio-orthogonal handles for efficient and scalable preparation of homogeneous protein multiconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jingming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Linzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yeyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
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6
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Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines with strained and electron-rich alkynes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Recent Advances in the Development of Tetrazine Ligation Tools for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060685. [PMID: 35745604 PMCID: PMC9227058 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrazine ligation has gained interest as a bio-orthogonal chemistry tool within the last decade. In nuclear medicine, tetrazine ligation is currently being explored for pretargeted approaches, which have the potential to revolutionize state-of-the-art theranostic strategies. Pretargeting has been shown to increase target-to-background ratios for radiopharmaceuticals based on nanomedicines, especially within early timeframes. This allows the use of radionuclides with short half-lives which are more suited for clinical applications. Pretargeting bears the potential to increase the therapeutic dose delivered to the target as well as reduce the respective dose to healthy tissue. Combined with the possibility to be applied for diagnostic imaging, pretargeting could be optimal for theranostic approaches. In this review, we highlight efforts that have been made to radiolabel tetrazines with an emphasis on imaging.
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8
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Svatunek D, Wilkovitsch M, Hartmann L, Houk KN, Mikula H. Uncovering the Key Role of Distortion in Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Tools That Defy the Reactivity/Stability Trade-Off. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8171-8177. [PMID: 35500228 PMCID: PMC9100665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene ligation stands
out from the bioorthogonal toolbox due to its exceptional reaction
kinetics, enabling multiple molecular technologies in vitro and in
living systems. Highly reactive 2-pyridyl-substituted tetrazines have
become state of the art for time-critical processes and selective
reactions at very low concentrations. It is widely accepted that the
enhanced reactivity of these chemical tools is attributed to the electron-withdrawing
effect of the heteroaryl substituent. In contrast, we show that the
observed reaction rates are way too high to be explained on this basis.
Computational investigation of this phenomenon revealed that distortion
of the tetrazine caused by intramolecular repulsive N–N interaction
plays a key role in accelerating the cycloaddition step. We show that
the limited stability of tetrazines in biological media strongly correlates
with the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituent, while intramolecular
repulsion increases the reactivity without reducing the stability.
These fundamental insights reveal thus far overlooked mechanistic
aspects that govern the reactivity/stability trade-off for tetrazines
in physiologically relevant environments, thereby providing a new
strategy that may facilitate the rational design of these bioorthogonal
tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lea Hartmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Xu W, Shao Z, Tang C, Zhang C, Chen Y, Liang Y. Fluorogenic sydnonimine probes for orthogonal labeling. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5953-5957. [PMID: 35311845 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A FRET-based fluorescence turn-on probe is designed, which employs a sydnonimine as the linker to match specific fluorophore and quencher pairs and releases the fluorescence after the "click-and-release" reaction. Furthermore, we realized selective fluorescence labeling by exploiting the mutual orthogonality between sydnonimine-DIBAC and tetrazine-1,3-Cp cycloaddition pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhuzhou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yinghan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Hosseinnejad T, Omrani-Pachin M. Quantum chemistry study on the promoted reactivity of substituted cyclooctynes in bioorthogonal cycloaddition reactions. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the present research, we focus on the energetics and electronic aspects of enhanced reactivity in the regioselective bioorthogonal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of various substituted cyclooctynes with methyl azide, applying quantum chemistry approaches. In this respect, we assessed the structural and energetic properties of regioisomeric products and their corresponded transition states and calculated the reaction electronic energy changes and energy barriers through the cycloaddition pathways. The obtained results revealed that the trifluoromethyl substitution and fluorination of cyclooctynes lead to improved reactivity, in conjunction with increased exothermicity and decreased activation energy values. On the other hand, quantum theory of atoms in molecules computations were performed on some key bond and ring critical points that demonstrated the stabilizing topological properties of electron density and its derivatives upon trifluoromethyl substitution and fluorination of propargylic carbon of cyclooctynes which can be regarded as the essential origin of enhanced reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hosseinnejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University , Vanak , Tehran , Iran
| | - Marzieh Omrani-Pachin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University , Vanak , Tehran , Iran
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11
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Prasad VK, Pei Z, Edelmann S, Otero-de-la-Roza A, DiLabio GA. BH9, a New Comprehensive Benchmark Data Set for Barrier Heights and Reaction Energies: Assessment of Density Functional Approximations and Basis Set Incompleteness Potentials. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:151-166. [PMID: 34911294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The calculation of accurate reaction energies and barrier heights is essential in computational studies of reaction mechanisms and thermochemistry. To assess methods regarding their ability to predict these two properties, high-quality benchmark sets are required that comprise a reasonably large and diverse set of organic reactions. Due to the time-consuming nature of both locating transition states and computing accurate reference energies for reactions involving large molecules, previous benchmark sets have been limited in scope, the number of reactions considered, and the size of the reactant and product molecules. Recent advances in coupled-cluster theory, in particular local correlation methods like DLPNO-CCSD(T), now allow the calculation of reaction energies and barrier heights for relatively large systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive and diverse benchmark set of barrier heights and reaction energies based on DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS called BH9. BH9 comprises 449 chemical reactions belonging to nine types common in organic chemistry and biochemistry. We examine the accuracy of DLPNO-CCSD(T) vis-a-vis canonical CCSD(T) for a subset of BH9 and conclude that, although there is a penalty in using the DLPNO approximation, the reference data are accurate enough to serve as a benchmark for density functional theory (DFT) methods. We then present two applications of the BH9 set. First, we examine the performance of several density functional approximations commonly used in thermochemical and mechanistic studies. Second, we assess our basis set incompleteness potentials regarding their ability to mitigate basis set incompleteness errors. The number of data points, the diversity of the reactions considered, and the relatively large size of the reactant molecules make BH9 the most comprehensive thermochemical benchmark set to date and a useful tool for the development and assessment of computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viki Kumar Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Zhipeng Pei
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Simon Edelmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica and MALTA Consolider Team, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7
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12
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Strugovshchikov E, Pishtshev A, Karazhanov S. Orthogonal chemistry in the design of rare-earth metal oxyhydrides. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inorganic systems containing two or more kinds of anions, such as rare-earth metal oxyhydrides, have a number of interesting properties that can be used in the design and development of new functional materials with desired characteristics. Chemical synthesis of these materials can be accomplished by oxidation of metal hydrides. However, the oxidation process of a metal hydride is directly accompanied by the release of hydrogen; both processes are a combination of two sequential reactions. This is usually not favorable for the formation and crystallization of the ternary oxyhydride composition. One possible way to overcome this problem is to introduce an appropriate amount of oxygen atoms into certain interstitial positions adjacent to the metal sites of the hydride lattice. Guided by the ideas of orthogonality, we have proposed a theoretical model capable of providing a thorough understanding of the chemical processes occurring in a multicomponent system at the molecular level. This model opens the way for predicting a wide range of new, stable multi-anion compounds of different compositions. It can also control functionality by adding noncovalent interactions between different kinds of anions, which can lead to the formation of chiral structures or a significant increase in ferro- and piezoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandr Pishtshev
- Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwaldi 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy , Institute for Energy Technology , Kjeller , Norway
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13
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Ziegler CE, Graf M, Nagaoka M, Lehr H, Goepferich AM. In Situ Forming iEDDA Hydrogels with Tunable Gelation Time Release High-Molecular Weight Proteins in a Controlled Manner over an Extended Time. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3223-3236. [PMID: 34270216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Off-target interactions between reactive hydrogel moieties and drug cargo as well as slow reaction kinetics and the absence of controlled protein release over an extended period of time are major drawbacks of chemically cross-linked hydrogels for biomedical applications. In this study, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction between norbornene- and tetrazine-functionalized eight-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomers was used to overcome these obstacles. Oscillatory shear experiments revealed that the gel point of a 15% (w/v) eight-armed PEG hydrogel with a molecular weight of 10 kDa was less than 15 s, suggesting the potential for fast in situ gelation. However, the high-speed reaction kinetics result in a risk of premature gel formation that complicates the injection process. Therefore, we investigated the effect of polymer concentration, temperature, and chemical structure on the gelation time. The cross-linking reaction was further characterized regarding bioorthogonality. Only 11% of the model protein lysozyme was found to be PEGylated by the iEDDA reaction, whereas 51% interacted with the classical Diels-Alder reaction. After determination of the mesh size, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was used to examine the release behavior of the hydrogels. When glucose oxidase was embedded into 15% (w/v) hydrogels, a controlled release over more than 250 days was achieved. Overall, the PEG-based hydrogels cross-linked via the fast iEDDA reaction represent a promising material for the long-term administration of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Ziegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Makoto Nagaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heike Lehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim M Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Hu Y, Schomaker JM. Recent Developments and Strategies for Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3254-3262. [PMID: 34261195 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several different metal-free bioorthogonal reactions have been developed to enable simultaneous double-click labeling with minimal-to-no competing cross-reactivities; such transformations are termed 'mutually orthogonal'. More recently, several examples of successful triple ligation strategies have also been described. In this minireview, we discuss selected aspects of the development of orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions over the past decade, including general strategies to drive future innovations to achieve simultaneous, mutually orthogonal click reactions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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15
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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16
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Kang D, Kim J. Bioorthogonal Retro-Cope Elimination Reaction of N, N-Dialkylhydroxylamines and Strained Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5616-5621. [PMID: 33829777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioorthogonal reaction between N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines and cyclooctynes is described. This reaction features a highly regioselective transformation between small, easily functionalizable reaction components with second-order rate constants reaching 84 M-1 s-1. The reaction is orthogonal to the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reactions between tetrazine and strained alkenes, and its components exhibit exquisite stability and chemoselectivity in cell lysate. This retro-Cope elimination reaction introduces a new member to the bioorthogonal reaction compendium outside the prolific class of cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Justin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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17
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Chen PP, Ma P, He X, Svatunek D, Liu F, Houk KN. Computational Exploration of Ambiphilic Reactivity of Azides and Sustmann's Paradigmatic Parabola. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5792-5804. [PMID: 33769821 PMCID: PMC8154615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
examine the theoretical underpinnings of the seminal discoveries
by Reiner Sustmann about the ambiphilic nature of Huisgen’s
phenyl azide cycloadditions. Density functional calculations with
ωB97X-D and B2PLYP-D3 reproduce the experimental data and provide
insights into ambiphilic control of reactivity. Distortion/interaction-activation
strain and energy decomposition analyses show why Sustmann’s
use of dipolarophile ionization potential is such a powerful predictor
of reactivity. We add to Sustmann’s data set several modern
distortion-accelerated dipolarophiles used in bioorthogonal chemistry
to show how these fit into the orbital energy criteria that are often
used to understand cycloaddition reactivity. We show why such a simple
indicator of reactivity is a powerful predictor of reaction rates
that are actually controlled by a combination of distortion energies,
charge transfer, closed-shell repulsion, polarization, and electrostatic
effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Pengchen Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xue He
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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18
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Hu Y, Roberts JM, Kilgore HR, Lani ASM, Raines RT, Schomaker JM. Triple, Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Pairs through the Design of Electronically Activated Sulfamate-Containing Cycloalkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18826-18835. [PMID: 33085477 PMCID: PMC7891878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interest in mutually exclusive pairs of bioorthogonal labeling reagents continues to drive the design of new compounds that are capable of fast and predictable reactions. The ability to easily modify S-, N-, and O-containing cyclooctynes (SNO-OCTs) enables electronic tuning of various SNO-OCTs to influence their cycloaddition rates with Type I-III dipoles. As opposed to optimizations based on just one specific dipole class, the electrophilicity of the alkynes in SNO-OCTs can be manipulated to achieve divergent reactivities and furnish mutually orthogonal dual ligation systems. Significant reaction rate enhancements of a difluorinated SNO-OCT derivative, as compared to the parent scaffold, were noted, with the second-order rate constant in cycloadditions with diazoacetamides exceeding 5.13 M-1 s-1. Computational and experimental studies were employed to inform the design of triple ligation systems that encompass three orthogonal reactivities. Finally, polar SNO-OCTs are rapidly internalized by mammalian cells and remain functional in the cytosol for live-cell labeling, highlighting their potential for diverse in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Henry R. Kilgore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amirah S. Mat Lani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Andrian T, Bakkum T, van Elsland DM, Bos E, Koster AJ, Albertazzi L, van Kasteren SI, Pujals S. Super-resolution correlative light-electron microscopy using a click-chemistry approach for studying intracellular trafficking. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:303-331. [PMID: 33707017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) entails a group of multimodal imaging techniques that are combined to pinpoint to the location of fluorescently labeled molecules in the context of their ultrastructural cellular environment. Here we describe a detailed workflow for STORM-CLEM, in which STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), an optical super-resolution technique, is correlated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This protocol has the advantage that both imaging modalities have resolution at the nanoscale, bringing higher synergies on the information obtained. The sample is prepared according to the Tokuyasu method followed by click-chemistry labeling and STORM imaging. Then, after heavy metal staining, electron microscopy imaging is performed followed by correlation of the two images. The case study presented here is on intracellular pathogens, but the protocol is versatile and could potentially be applied to many types of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Andrian
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne M van Elsland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Nakajima M, Bilodeau DA, Pezacki JP. Predicting reactivity for bioorthogonal cycloadditions involving nitrones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29306-29310. [PMID: 35521144 PMCID: PMC9055992 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrones are useful dipoles in both synthesis and in bioorthogonal transformations to report on biological phenomena. In bioorthogonal reactions, nitrones are both small and relatively easy to incorporate into biomolecules, while providing versatility in their ability to harbor different substituents that tune their reactivity. Herein, we examine the reactivities of some common and useful nitrone cycloadditions using density functional theory (DFT) and the distortion/interaction (D/I) model. The data show that relative reactivities can be predicted using these approaches, and useful insights gained further enchancing reactivities of both nitrones and their dipolarophile reaction partners. We find that D/I is a useful guide to understanding and predicting reactivities of cycloadditions involving nitrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Didier A Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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21
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Zhang X, Zhang SQ, Li Q, Xiao F, Yue Z, Hong X, Lei X. Computation-Guided Development of the "Click" ortho-Quinone Methide Cycloaddition with Improved Kinetics. Org Lett 2020; 22:2920-2924. [PMID: 32255637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a deep mechanistic study of the "click" ortho-quinone methide (oQM) cycloaddition between ortho-quinolinone quinone methide (oQQM) and thio-vinyl ether (TV), named as TQ-ligation. DFT calculations revealed the unexpected fact that dehydration of oQQM precursors is the rate-determining step of this transformation, and two highly reactive oQQM precursors were predicted. Guided by the calculations, a new "click" oQM cycloaddition which shows significantly improved kinetics and remarkable efficiency on protein labeling was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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22
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Zhang C, Jiao H, Jia W. Theoretical predication of Diels-Alder reactions of highly strained dienophiles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Macias-Contreras M, He H, Little KN, Lee JP, Campbell RP, Royzen M, Zhu L. SNAP/CLIP-Tags and Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (SPAAC)/Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) for Intracellular Orthogonal/Bioorthogonal Labeling. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1370-1381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Macias-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Huan He
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4300, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380, United States
| | - Kevin N. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin P. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ryan P. Campbell
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380, United States
| | - Maksim Royzen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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24
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Dou Y, Wang Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Hu Q, Shen W, Sun H, Zhu Q. Color‐Tunable Light‐up Bioorthogonal Probes for In Vivo Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging. Chemistry 2020; 26:4576-4582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Dou
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yukun Duan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central Hospital Jinhua 321000 P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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25
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Bettens T, Alonso M, Geerlings P, De Proft F. The hunt for reactive alkynes in bio-orthogonal click reactions: insights from mechanochemical and conceptual DFT calculations. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1431-1439. [PMID: 34123268 PMCID: PMC8148320 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In our effort to implement the mechanical force used to activate single molecules in mechanochemistry in the context of conceptual density functional theory, we present a theoretical investigation of strained alkynes for rationalizing structural trends as well as the reactivity of cyclic alkynes that are of great importance in in vivo click reactions. The strain on the triple bond in cyclic alkynes is modeled by angular constraints in a 2-butyne fragment and the corresponding bending force is calculated by means of an extended COGEF (constrained geometries simulate external forces) model. In general, the force required to bend the triple bond is smaller with electron-withdrawing groups on the propargylic C-atom, which elegantly results in smaller angles around the triple bond in cyclic alkynes with such substitution pattern. By means of conceptual DFT descriptors, the electrophilic and nucleophilic character of bent triple bonds was investigated revealing moderate activation for small distortions from the linear geometry (0° to 15°) and a drastically more reactive π-space if the triple bond is bent further. This analysis of the intrinsic reactivity of the triple bond is in line with experimental observations, explaining the reactive nature of cyclooctynes and cycloheptynes, whereas larger cyclic systems do not drastically activate the triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bettens
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
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26
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Wu Q, Zhang KY, Dai P, Zhu H, Wang Y, Song L, Wang L, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Bioorthogonal “Labeling after Recognition” Affording an FRET-Based Luminescent Probe for Detecting and Imaging Caspase-3 via Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1057-1064. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peiling Dai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hengyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Linna Song
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (XIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
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27
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Design of a 1,8-naphthalimide-based OFF-ON type bioorthogonal reagent for fluorescent imaging in live cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Gimadiev T, Klimchuk O, Nugmanov R, Madzhidov T, Varnek A. Sydnone-alkyne cycloaddition: Which factors are responsible for reaction rate ? J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Kozhevnikov VN, Deary ME, Mantso T, Panayiotidis MI, Sims MT. Iridium(iii) complexes of 1,2,4-triazines as potential bioorthogonal reagents: metal coordination facilitates luminogenic reaction with strained cyclooctynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14283-14286. [PMID: 31709444 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe unprecedented Ir(iii) complexes of 5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine and their reactivity towards the strained cyclooctyne BCN. The coordination of a 1,2,4-triazine ring to an iridium(iii) ion drastically increases the speed of the reaction, showing the second order rate constant of 8 M-1 s-1, the record value to date for a triazine-BCN reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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30
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Kamber DN, Nguyen SS, Liu F, Briggs JS, Shih HW, Row RD, Long ZG, Houk KN, Liang Y, Prescher JA. Isomeric triazines exhibit unique profiles of bioorthogonal reactivity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9109-9114. [PMID: 31908754 PMCID: PMC6910137 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the scope of bioorthogonal reactivity requires access to new and mutually compatible reagents. We report here that 1,2,4-triazines can be tuned to exhibit unique reaction profiles with biocompatible strained alkenes and alkynes. Computational analyses were used to identify candidate orthogonal reactions, and the predictions were experimentally verified. Notably, 5-substituted triazines, unlike their 6-substituted counterparts, undergo rapid [4 + 2] cycloadditions with a sterically encumbered strained alkyne. This unique, sterically controlled reactivity was exploited for dual bioorthogonal labeling. Mutually orthogonal triazines and cycloaddition chemistries will enable new multi-component imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Kamber
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Sean S Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Jeffrey S Briggs
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Hui-Wen Shih
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - R David Row
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - Zane G Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA .
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , USA
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31
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Karauzum H, Updegrove TB, Kong M, Wu IL, Datta SK, Ramamurthi KS. Vaccine display on artificial bacterial spores enhances protective efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5061626. [PMID: 30084923 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spores of Bacillus subtilis are encased in a protein coat composed of ∼80 different proteins. Recently, we reconstituted the basement layer of the coat, composed of two structural proteins (SpoVM and SpoIVA) around spore-sized silica beads encased in a lipid bilayer, to create synthetic spore-like particles termed 'SSHELs'. We demonstrated that SSHELs could display thousands of copies of proteins and small molecules of interest covalently linked to SpoIVA. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of SSHELs in delivering vaccines. We show that intramuscular vaccination of mice with undecorated one micron-diameter SSHELs elicited an antibody response against SpoIVA. We further demonstrate that SSHELs covalently modified with a catalytically inactivated staphylococcal alpha toxin variant (HlaH35L), without an adjuvant, resulted in improved protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection in a bacteremia model as compared to vaccination with the antigen alone. Although vaccination with either HlaH35L or HlaH35L conjugated to SSHELs similarly elicited the production of neutralizing antibodies to Hla, we found that a subset of memory T cells was differentially activated when the antigen was delivered on SSHELs. We propose that the particulate nature of SSHELs elicits a more robust immune response to the vaccine that results in superior protection against subsequent S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Karauzum
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Taylor B Updegrove
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minsuk Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Lin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandip K Datta
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Bonding and Diels–Alder reactions of substituted 2-borabicyclo(1.1.0)but-1(3)-enes: a theoretical study. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Tailored therapeutics based on 1,2,3-1 H-triazoles: a mini review. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1302-1328. [PMID: 31534652 PMCID: PMC6748286 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary drug discovery approaches rely on library synthesis coupled with combinatorial methods and high-throughput screening to identify leads. However, due to the multitude of components involved, a majority of optimization techniques face persistent challenges related to the efficiency of synthetic processes and the purity of compound libraries. These methods have recently found an upgradation as fragment-based approaches for target-guided synthesis of lead molecules with active involvement of their biological target. The click chemistry approach serves as a promising tool for tailoring the therapeutically relevant biomolecules of interest, improving their bioavailability and bioactivity and redirecting them as efficacious drugs. 1,2,3-1H-Triazole nucleus, being a planar and biologically acceptable scaffold, plays a crucial role in the design of biomolecular mimetics and tailor-made molecules with therapeutic relevance. This versatile scaffold also forms an integral part of the current fragment-based approaches for drug design, kinetic target guided synthesis and bioorthogonal methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India . ;
- Department of Chemistry , University of Petroleum & Energy Studies , Dehradun 248007 , India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India . ;
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34
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Chio TI, Gu H, Mukherjee K, Tumey LN, Bane SL. Site-Specific Bioconjugation and Multi-Bioorthogonal Labeling via Rapid Formation of a Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycle. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1554-1564. [PMID: 31026151 PMCID: PMC6585445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of covalent bond formation in the presence of multiple functional groups is pertinent in the development of many next-generation bioconjugates and materials. Strategies derived from bioorthogonal chemistries are contributing greatly in that regard; however, the gain of chemoselectivity is often compromised by the slow rates of many of these existing chemistries. Recent work on a variation of the classical aldehyde/ketone condensation based on ortho-carbonylphenylboronic acids has uncovered markedly accelerated rates compared to those of the simple carbonyl counterparts. The products of these reactions are distinct, often in the form of boron-nitrogen heterocycles. In particular, we have shown that 2-formylphenylboronic acid (2fPBA), when coupled with an α-amino-hydrazide, produces a unique zwitterionic and stable 2,3,1-benzodiazaborine derivative. In this work, we apply this chemistry to generate chemically defined and functional bioconjugates, herein illustrated with immunoconjugates. We show that an antibody and a fluorophore (as payload) equipped with the relevant reactive handles undergo rapid conjugation at near-stoichiometric ratios, displaying a reaction half-life of only ∼5 min with 2 equiv of the linker payload. Importantly, the reaction can be extended to multicomponent labeling by partnering with the popular strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and tetrazine- trans-cyclooctene (Tz-TCO) ligation. The mutual orthogonality to both of these chemistries allows simultaneous triple bioorthogonal conjugations, a rare feat thus far that will widen the scope of various multilabeling applications. Further collaboration with the Tz-TCO reaction enables rapid one-pot synthesis of a site-specific dual-payload antibody conjugate. Altogether, we envision that the 2fPBA-α-amino-hydrazide ligation will facilitate efficient assembly of diverse bioconjugates and materials, enabling access to more complex modalities via partnership with other orthogonal chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Han Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Susan L. Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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35
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Li X, Wu H, Wu Z, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Regioselectivity of Copper-Catalyzed Borocyanation of 2-Aryl-Substituted 1,3-Dienes: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5514-5523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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36
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Gerrits M, Budisa N, Merk H. Site-Specific Chemoselective Pyrrolysine Analogues Incorporation Using the Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:381-390. [PMID: 30589532 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a fast and convenient way to synthesize proteins for analytical studies and applications. CFPS, when equipped with a suitable orthogonal pair, allows for protein-site-directed labeling with desired functionalities such as fluorescent dyes or therapeutic groups that are needed to tailor proteins for analytical applications. In this context, chemoselective reactive pyrrolysine analogues (CR-OAs) are of particular value, as this class of unnatural amino acids, among other useful properties, covers a wide range of different chemoselective reactions. In this study, we present a flexible approach that facilitates incorporation of CR-OAs in CFPS systems. In particular, a fairly simple addition of two expression plasmids in our cell-free system, one encoding pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase and the other one the target protein, enabled ribosomal synthesis of proteins in the half-milligram range with the pre-installed orthogonal reactivity, easily modifiable by using mild, copper-free bioorthogonal chemistry. Our CFPS system allows rapid and highly customizable expression, as shown by several examples of successful site-directed fluorescence labeling. The feasibility of our CFPS system for protein analytics is further proved by demonstrating the functional integrity of a labeled protein by interaction measurements using microscale thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gerrits
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- biotechrabbit GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Chemical Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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37
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Shao Z, Liu W, Tao H, Liu F, Zeng R, Champagne PA, Cao Y, Houk KN, Liang Y. Bioorthogonal release of sulfonamides and mutually orthogonal liberation of two drugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14089-14092. [PMID: 30480281 PMCID: PMC6314811 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide derivatives have been used in pharmaceutics for decades. Here we report a new approach to release sulfonamides efficiently using a bioorthogonal reaction of sulfonyl sydnonimines and dibenzoazacyclooctyne (DIBAC). The second-order rate constant of the cycloaddition reaction can be up to 0.62 M-1 s-1, and the reactants are highly stable under physiological conditions. Most significantly, we also discovered the mutual orthogonality between the sydnonimine-DIBAC and benzonorbornadiene-tetrazine cycloaddition pairs, which can be used for selective and simultaneous liberation of sulfonamide and primary amine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
| | - Huimin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
| | - Ruxin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Future Industrial Technologies, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,
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38
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Svatunek D, Houszka N, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM, Mikula H. Chemoselectivity of Tertiary Azides in Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2018; 25:754-758. [PMID: 30347481 PMCID: PMC6391941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) is the most commonly employed bioorthogonal reaction with applications in a broad range of fields. Over the years, several different cyclooctyne derivatives have been developed and investigated in regard to their reactivity in SPAAC reactions with azides. However, only a few studies examined the influence of structurally diverse azides on reaction kinetics. Herein, we report our investigations of the reactivity of primary, secondary, and tertiary azides with the cyclooctynes BCN and ADIBO applying experimental and computational methods. All azides show similar reaction rates with the sterically non‐demanding cyclooctyne BCN. However, due to the increased steric demand of the dibenzocyclooctyne ADIBO, the reactivity of tertiary azides drops by several orders of magnitude in comparison to primary and secondary azides. We show that this chemoselective behavior of tertiary azides can be exploited to achieve semiorthogonal dual‐labeling without the need for any catalyst using SPAAC exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Houszka
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Yuan H, Zhu L, Li W, Zhang J. Mechanistic insight on water and substrate catalyzed the synthesis of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)isoindolin-1-one: Driving by noncovalent interactions. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2316-2323. [PMID: 30284296 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the synthesis of 2-substituted-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-isoindolin-1-one derivatives have been investigated theoretically under unassisted, self-assisted, and water-assisted conditions. Being different from previously proposed catalyst-free by Hu et al., our results show that the title mechanism can be altered and accelerated by solvent and substrate 2. Two types of mechanisms have been developed by DFT calculations differ in the reaction sequence of substrates 1 with 3 (M1) or 2 (M2) followed by 2 (M1) or 3 (M2), and water-assisted M1 is the most favored one. It was found that the nucleophilicity of substrate 3 is stronger than that of 2. Our calculations suggest that the water-assisted pathway in M1 is the most favorable case, which undergoes nucleophilic addition and H-shift, C-N bond formation and water elimination, and intramolecular cyclization and water elimination. The rate-determining step is the nucleophilic attack process. Moreover, we also explored the effect of nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen of (4-methoxyphenyl)methanamine on hydroxyl or carbonyl group carbon of phthalaldehydic acid on the activation energy. More importantly, we found that water molecules play a critical role in the whole reaction, not only act as solvent but also as an efficient catalyst, proton shuttle, and stabilizer to stabilize the structures of transition states and intermediates via π···H-O, O···H-N, O···H-C, and O···H-O interactions. The origin of the different reactivity of M1 and M2 is ascribed to the pivotal noncovalent interactions exist between catalyst (water and substrate 2) and reactants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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40
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Hamlin TA, Svatunek D, Yu S, Ridder L, Infante I, Visscher L, Bickelhaupt FM. Elucidating the Trends in Reactivity of Aza-1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien); Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Song Yu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lars Ridder
- Netherlands eScience Center; Science Park 140 1098 XG Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Infante
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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41
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Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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42
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Wu H, Li X, Tang X, Feng C, Huang G. Mechanisms of Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalizations of Benzamides with α,α-Difluoromethylene Alkynes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9220-9230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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43
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Stéen EJL, Edem PE, Nørregaard K, Jørgensen JT, Shalgunov V, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Pretargeting in nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy: Improving efficacy of theranostics and nanomedicines. Biomaterials 2018; 179:209-245. [PMID: 30007471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy have recently attracted increasing attention for diagnosis and treatment of cancer with nanomedicines. This is because it conceptually offers better imaging contrast and therapeutic efficiency while reducing the dose to radiosensitive tissues compared to conventional strategies. In conventional imaging and radiotherapy, a directly radiolabeled nano-sized vector is administered and allowed to accumulate in the tumor, typically on a timescale of several days. In contrast, pretargeting is based on a two-step approach. First, a tumor-accumulating vector carrying a tag is administered followed by injection of a fast clearing radiolabeled agent that rapidly recognizes the tag of the tumor-bound vector in vivo. Therefore, pretargeting circumvents the use of long-lived radionuclides that is a necessity for sufficient tumor accumulation and target-to-background ratios using conventional approaches. In this review, we give an overview of recent advances in pretargeted imaging strategies. We will critically reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of current state-of-the-art conventional imaging approaches and compare them to pretargeted strategies. We will discuss the pretargeted imaging concept and the involved chemistry. Finally, we will discuss the steps forward in respect to clinical translation, and how pretargeted strategies could be applied to improve state-of-the-art radiotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia E Edem
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A computational model to predict the Diels-Alder reactivity of aryl/alkyl-substituted tetrazines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:833-837. [PMID: 29681659 PMCID: PMC5906496 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The tetrazine ligation is one of the fastest bioorthogonal ligations and plays a pivotal role in time-critical in vitro and in vivo applications. However, prediction of the reactivity of tetrazines in inverse electron demand Diels–Alder-initiated ligation reactions is not straight-forward. Commonly used tools such as frontier molecular orbital theory only give qualitative and often even wrong results. Applying density functional theory, we have been able to develop a simple computational method for the prediction of the reactivity of aryl/alkyl-substituted tetrazines in inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-017-2110-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cui CX, Zhang ZP, Zhu L, Qu LB, Zhang YP, Lan Y. Reactivity and regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions of anion encapsulated fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:30393-30401. [PMID: 29119190 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation and surface chemical modification are methodologies to enhance the properties of fullerenes for various applications. Herein, density functional theory calculations are performed to study the Diels-Alder (DA) reactivity of anion encapsulated C60, including [X@C60]- (X = F, Cl, Br, or I), [S@C60]2-, and [N@C60]3-. Computational results reveal that encapsulated Cl-, Br-, I-, or S2- anions are located close to the center of the C60 molecule; however, encapsulated F- is displaced from the center. Encapsulated N3- bonds to the inner surface of the carbon cage, which leads to a negative charge transfer to the C60. In [N@C60]3-, C-C bonds near to the encapsulated N atom are more reactive. Our calculations reveal that encapsulated halogen or S anions decrease the DA reactivity because of the stronger closed-shell repulsion of the encapsulated anion. However, encapsulated N3- increases the DA reactivity. The higher distortion energy of the halogen- or S2--anion encapsulated C60 leads to lower reactivity of the 6-5 bond. Opposite regioselectivity of the DA reaction with [N@C60]3- is attributed to distortion energy of the cyclopentadiene (CPD) moiety. The asymmetrical transition state geometry leads to a lower distortion energy of the CPD moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Cui
- Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People's Republic of China
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Mboyi CD, Testa C, Reeb S, Genc S, Cattey H, Fleurat-Lessard P, Roger J, Hierso JC. Building Diversity in ortho-Substituted s-Aryltetrazines By Tuning N-Directed Palladium C–H Halogenation: Unsymmetrical Polyhalogenated and Biphenyl s-Aryltetrazines. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 CEDEX Paris, France
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Liu K, Enns B, Evans B, Wang N, Shang X, Sittiwong W, Dussault PH, Guo J. A genetically encoded cyclobutene probe for labelling of live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10604-10607. [PMID: 28902227 PMCID: PMC5648060 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have identified an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair for the efficient and site-specific incorporation of a cyclobutene-containing amino acid into proteins in response to an amber nonsense codon. Fast and fluorescent labeling of purified proteins and intact proteins in live cells was demonstrated using the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction with a tetrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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48
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Liu F, Liang Y, Houk KN. Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions: Computational Analysis with the Distortion/Interaction Model and Predictions of Reactivities. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2297-2308. [PMID: 28876890 PMCID: PMC5675536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has had a major impact on the study of biological processes in vivo. Biomolecules of interest can be tracked by using probes and reporters that do not react with cellular components and do not interfere with metabolic processes in living cells. Much time and effort has been devoted to the screening of potential bioorthogonal reagents experimentally. This Account describes how our groups have performed computational screening of reactivity and mutual orthogonality. Our collaborations with experimentalists have led to the development of new and useful reactions. Dozens of bioorthogonal cycloadditions have been reported in the literature in the past few years, but as interest in tracking multiple targets arises, our computational screening has gained importance for the discovery of new mutually orthogonal bioorthogonal cycloaddition pairs. The reactivities of strained alkenes and alkynes with common 1,3-dipoles such as azides, along with mesoionic sydnones and other novel 1,3-dipoles, have been explored. Studies of "inverse-electron-demand" dienes such as triazines and tetrazines that have been used in bioorthogonal Diels-Alder cycloadditions are described. The color graphics we have developed give a snapshot of whether reactions are fast enough for cellular applications (green), adequately reactive for labeling (yellow), or only useful for synthesis or do not occur at all (red). The colors of each box give an instant view of rates, while bar graphs provide an analysis of the factors that control reactivity. This analysis uses the distortion/interaction or activation strain model of cycloaddition reactivity developed independently by our group and that of F. Matthias Bickelhaupt in The Netherlands. The model analyzes activation barriers in terms of the energy required to distort the reactants to the transition state geometry. This energy, called the distortion energy or activation strain, constitutes the major component of the activation energy. The strong bonding interaction between the termini of the two reactants, which we call the interaction energy, overcomes the distortion energy and leads to the new bonds in the products. This Account describes how we have analyzed and predicted bioorthogonal cycloaddition reactivity using the distortion/interaction model and how our experimental collaborators have employed these insights to create new bioorthogonal cycloadditions. The graphics we use document and predict which combinations of cycloadditions will be useful in bioorthogonal chemistry and which pairs of reactions are mutually orthogonal. For example, the fast reaction of 5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine and a thiacycloheptyne will not interfere with the other fast reaction of 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and a cyclopropene. No cross reactions will occur, as these are very slow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Meguro T, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Sequential Molecular Conjugation Using Thiophene S,S-Dioxides Bearing a Clickable Functional Group. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Meguro
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
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Bickelhaupt FM, Houk KN. Das Distortion/Interaction‐Activation‐Strain‐Modell zur Analyse von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry und Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam Niederlande
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM) Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry und Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
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