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Huffman BL, Bredar ARC, Dempsey JL. Origins of non-ideal behaviour in voltammetric analysis of redox-active monolayers. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8. [PMID: 39039210 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Disorder in redox-active monolayers convolutes electrochemical characterization. This disorder can come from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules. Identifying the source of non-ideal behaviour in cyclic voltammograms can be challenging as different types of disorder often cause similar non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour such as peak broadening, large peak-to-peak separation, peak asymmetry and multiple peaks for single redox processes. This Review provides an overview of ideal voltammetric behaviour for redox-active monolayers, common manifestations of disorder on voltammetric responses, common experimental parameters that can be varied to interrogate sources of disorder, and finally, examples of different types of disorder and how they impact electrochemical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandria R C Bredar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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A Gauss's law analysis of redox active adsorbates on semiconductor electrodes: The charging and faradaic currents are not independent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202395119. [PMID: 36037382 PMCID: PMC9456767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202395119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed framework for modeling and interpreting the data in totality from a cyclic voltammetric measurement of adsorbed redox monolayers on semiconductor electrodes has been developed. A three-layer model consisting of the semiconductor space-charge layer, a surface layer, and an electrolyte layer is presented that articulates the interplay between electrostatic, thermodynamic, and kinetic factors in the electrochemistry of a redox adsorbate on a semiconductor. Expressions are derived that describe the charging and faradaic current densities individually, and an algorithm is demonstrated that allows for the calculation of the total current density in a cyclic voltammetry measurement as a function of changes in the physical properties of the system (e.g., surface recombination, dielectric property of the surface layer, and electrolyte concentration). The most profound point from this analysis is that the faradaic and charging current densities can be coupled. That is, the common assumption that these contributions to the total current are always independent is not accurate. Their interrelation can influence the interpretation of the charge-transfer kinetics under certain experimental conditions. More generally, this work not only fills a long-standing knowledge gap in electrochemistry but also aids practitioners advancing energy conversion/storage strategies based on redox adsorbates on semiconductor electrodes.
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3
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Waelder J, Vasquez R, Liu Y, Maldonado S. A Description of the Faradaic Current in Cyclic Voltammetry of Adsorbed Redox Species on Semiconductor Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6410-6419. [PMID: 35362961 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A framework for interpreting the cyclic voltammetric responses from adsorbed redox monolayers on semiconductor electrodes has been developed. Expressions that describe quantitatively how the rates of the forward and back charge-transfer reactions impact the faradaic current density are presented. The primary insight is an explicit connection between the potential drops across the semiconductor space charge, surface, and electrolyte diffuse layers and the potential dependence of the reaction kinetics. Specifically, the evolution of the voltammetric shapes with experimental variables such as scan rate, standard potential of the redox adsorbate, and semiconductor surface energetics can now be interpreted for information on the operative charge-transfer rate constant and reaction energetics. This model is used to understand the complex dependence of the cathodic and anodic wave shapes for the first redox transition of an asymmetric viologen species adsorbed on n-Si(111). This system exhibited a heterogeneous rate constant of 0.24 s-1 and exhibited features consistent with an overwhelming majority of the applied potential dropping within the semiconductor space charge region. In total, experimentalists now have a visual key on how to interpret the faradaic current in voltammetric data for information on heterogeneous charge-transfer reactions between semiconductor electrodes and molecular adsorbates. The presented approach fills a long-standing knowledge gap in electrochemistry and aids practitioners interested in advancing photoelectrochemical energy conversion/storage strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Waelder
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Robert Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1055, United States
| | - Yifan Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1055, United States
| | - Stephen Maldonado
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1055, United States
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4
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Jiang P, Yang X, Cao N, Zhu X, Zhang F, Liu SH, Ou YP. Tuning iron-amine electronic coupling by different aromatic bridges based on ferrocene-ethynyl-triarylamine systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Song Z, Garg S, Ma J, Waite TD. Influence of cations on As(III) removal from simulated groundwaters by double potential step chronoamperometry (DPSC) employing polyvinylferrocene (PVF) functionalized electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127472. [PMID: 34655881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As(III) removal from groundwaters is challenging because of its neutral charge and low surface affinity under circumneutral pH conditions. In this work, we investigate the influence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the removal of As(III) by a redox active polyvinylferrocene (PVF) functionalized electrode in a modified double potential step chronoamperometry (DPSC) setup. In the absence of divalent cations, nearly 90% As(III) removal is achieved over ten continuous cycles by single-pass DPSC, even in the presence of competing anions, however the presence of divalent cations at concentrations ≥ 1.25 mM significantly inhibits As(III) removal. The divalent cations enhance arsenic removal in the first (removal) step but suppress electrode regeneration in the 2nd step. Our results suggest that Ca2+/Mg2+ either acts as a bridge between the electrode surface and As anions or the sorption of Ca2+/Mg2+ increases the positive charge on the electrode surface thereby facilitating As(V) sorption. We show that effective electrode regeneration can be achieved using an NaOH wash however the overall complexity of the process increases. Overall, we conclude that the influence of divalent cations on As removal by electro-sorption processes needs to be taken into consideration for application of this technology for real groundwater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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6
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Ou YP, Zhang Q, Yang X, Cao N, Jiang P, Hua Liu S. Isomeric triarylamine-ferrocene mixed-valence systems: Syntheses, structural-(spectro)electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Biomaterials in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105008. [PMID: 33684545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a non-recoverable progressive neurodegenerative disorder most prevalent but not limited to the old age population. After all the scientific efforts, there are still many unmet criteria and loopholes in available treatment and diagnostic strategies, limiting their efficacy. The poor drug efficacy is attributed to various biological hurdles, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral side effects as most prominent ones and the lack of promising carriers to precisely deliver the drug to the brain by conserving its therapeutic potency. The increasing disease prevalence and unavailability of effective therapy calls for developing a more innovative, convenient and affordable way to treat AD. To fulfill such need, researchers explored various biomaterials to develop potential vectors or other forms to target the bioactives in the brain by preserving their inherent properties, improving the existing lacuna like poor solubility, permeability and bioavailability etc. and minimize the side effect. The unique characteristic properties of biomaterials are used to develop different drug carriers, surface modifying target active ligands, functional carriers, drug conjugate, biosensing probe, diagnostic tool and many more. The nanoparticulate system and other colloidal carriers like hydrogel and biodegradable scaffold can effectively target the drug moieties to the brain. Also, the use of different target-acting ligands and stimuli-responsive carriers assures the site-specificity and controlled release at the desired site by interaction with receptors and various exo- and endogenous stimuli. This review article has highlighted the application of biomaterials for targeting the drug to the brain and as promising diagnostic tools to detect the markers for better AD management. The work particularly focuses on the use of biomaterials as smart drug carriers including pH, thermo, photo, electro and magnetically triggered system; novel drug carriers for brain targeting including polymeric carriers (polymeric nanoparticle, dendrimer and polymeric micelle); lipid carrier (liposome, nanoemulsion, NLC and SLN); inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots, gold nanoparticles etc.); and other drug vectors (hydrogel, biodegradable scaffold, and carbon nanotube) in treatment of AD. It also highlighted the application of some novel carrier systems and biomaterials as biosensor and other diagnostic tools for early and precise AD diagnosis.
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8
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Dhar D, McKenas CG, Huang CW, Atkin JM, Dempsey JL, Lockett MR. Quantitative Effects of Disorder on Chemically Modified Amorphous Carbon Electrodes. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2020; 3:8038-8047. [PMID: 32968715 PMCID: PMC7505236 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Real materials are disordered. This disorder influences the properties of these materials and the chemical processes that occur at their interfaces. Gaining a molecular-level understanding of the underlying physical manifestations caused by disordered materials is crucial to unraveling and ultimately controlling the efficiency and performance of these materials in a range of energy-related devices. This understanding necessitates measurement techniques through which disorder can be detected, quantified, and monitored. However, such quantitative measurements are notoriously difficult, as effects often average out in ensemble measurements. In this work, we describe how a combination of electrochemical and spatially resolved surface spectroscopy measurements illuminate a molecular-level picture of disorder in materials. Using amorphous carbon as an intrinsically disordered material, we covalently attached a monolayer of ferrocene. Interfacial electron transfer across the amorphous carbon-ferrocene interface is highly sensitive to disruptions of order. By systematically varying linker properties and surface loadings, the influence of lateral interactions between nonuniformly distributed ferrocene headgroups on ensemble electrochemical measurements is demonstrated. Electrochemical and imaging data collectively indicate that conformational flexibility of the ferrocene moieties provides a mechanism to elude repulsive and unbalanced lateral interactions, while rigid linkages provide direct information about the underlying disorder of the material. This study is the first of its kind to quantify and visualize molecular disorder and heterogeneity with an experimental model accessed through ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Catherine G McKenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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9
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Henke AH, Saunders TP, Pedersen JA, Hamers RJ. Enhancing Electrochemical Efficiency of Hydroxyl Radical Formation on Diamond Electrodes by Functionalization with Hydrophobic Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2153-2163. [PMID: 30550713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical formation of high-energy species such as hydroxyl radicals in aqueous media is inefficient because oxidation of H2O to form O2 is a more thermodynamically favorable reaction. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is widely used as an electrode material for generating •OH radicals because it has a very large kinetic overpotential for O2 production, thus increasing electrochemical efficiency for •OH production. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of O2 and •OH production at diamond electrodes are not well understood. We demonstrate that boron-doped diamond surfaces functionalized with hydrophobic, polyfluorinated molecular ligands (PF-BDD) have significantly higher electrochemical efficiency for •OH production compared with hydrogen-terminated (H-BDD), oxidized (O-BDD), or poly(ethylene ether)-functionalized (E-BDD) boron-doped diamond samples. Our measurements show that •OH production is nearly independent of surface functionalization and pH (pH = 7.4 vs 9.2), indicating that •OH is produced by oxidation of H2O in an outer-sphere electron-transfer process. In contrast, the total electrochemical current, which primarily produces O2, differs strongly between samples with different surface functionalizations, indicating an inner-sphere electron-transfer process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that although both H-BDD and PF-BDD electrodes are oxidized over time, PF-BDD showed longer stability (≈24 h of use) than H-BDD. This work demonstrates that increasing surface hydrophobicity using perfluorinated ligands selectively inhibits inner-sphere oxidation to O2 and therefore provides a pathway to increased efficiency for formation of •OH via an outer-sphere process. The use of hydrophobic electrodes may be a general approach to increasing selectivity toward outer-sphere electron-transfer processes in aqueous media.
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10
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Mars A, Hamami M, Bechnak L, Patra D, Raouafi N. Curcumin-graphene quantum dots for dual mode sensing platform: Electrochemical and fluorescence detection of APOe4, responsible of Alzheimer's disease. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:141-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Cluff DB, Arnold A, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into Formate with Glassy Carbon Modified by [Fe4N(CO)11(PPh2Ph-linker)]−. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Cluff
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Amela Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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12
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Isozaki K, Shimoaka T, Oshiro S, Yamaguchi A, Pincella F, Ueno R, Hasegawa T, Watanabe T, Takaya H, Nakamura M. Robust Surface Plasmon Resonance Chips for Repetitive and Accurate Analysis of Lignin-Peptide Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7483-7493. [PMID: 31458905 PMCID: PMC6644341 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chips whose surfaces bear newly synthesized functional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) anchoring lignin through covalent chemical bonds. The SPR sensor chips are remarkably robust and suitable for repetitive and accurate measurement of noncovalent lignin-peptide interactions, which is of significant interest in the chemical or biochemical conversion of renewable woody biomass to valuable chemical feedstocks. The lignin-anchored SAMs were prepared for the first time by click chemistry based on an azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition: mixed SAMs are fabricated on gold thin film using a mixture of alkynyl and methyl thioalkyloligo(ethylene oxide) disulfides and then reacted with azidated milled wood lignins to furnish the functional SAMs anchoring lignins covalently. The resulting SAMs were characterized using infrared reflection-absorption, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies to confirm covalent immobilization of the lignins to the SAMs via triazole linkages and also to reveal that the SAM formation induces a helical conformation of the ethylene oxide chains. Further, SPR measurements of the noncovalent lignin-peptide interactions using lignin-binding peptides have demonstrated high reproducibility and durability of the prepared lignin-anchored sensor chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Isozaki
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimoaka
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oshiro
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asako Yamaguchi
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesca Pincella
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryo Ueno
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for
Chemical Research, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, and Research Institute
for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Reproducible flaws unveil electrostatic aspects of semiconductor electrochemistry. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2066. [PMID: 29233986 PMCID: PMC5727234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting or manipulating charge-transfer at semiconductor interfaces, from molecular electronics to energy conversion, relies on knowledge generated from a kinetic analysis of the electrode process, as provided by cyclic voltammetry. Scientists and engineers encountering non-ideal shapes and positions in voltammograms are inclined to reject these as flaws. Here we show that non-idealities of redox probes confined at silicon electrodes, namely full width at half maximum <90.6 mV and anti-thermodynamic inverted peak positions, can be reproduced and are not flawed data. These are the manifestation of electrostatic interactions between dynamic molecular charges and the semiconductor’s space-charge barrier. We highlight the interplay between dynamic charges and semiconductor by developing a model to decouple effects on barrier from changes to activities of surface-bound molecules. These findings have immediate general implications for a correct kinetic analysis of charge-transfer at semiconductors as well as aiding the study of electrostatics on chemical reactivity. Most electrical devices must pass charges across semiconductor interfaces, yet redox-active molecular behavior obscures comprehension of these processes. Here, the authors develop a model to describe redox processes on semiconductor surfaces and gauge these interactions electrochemically.
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14
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Steentjes T, Boukamp BA, Jonkheijm P, Kudernac T, Huskens J. Electron-Transfer Rates in Host-Guest Assemblies at β-Cyclodextrin Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8614-8623. [PMID: 28013541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the distance between a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) host core and a conductive substrate on the electron-transfer rate of complexed guests as well as of free-diffusing electrochemically active probes has been studied. First we have evaluated a set of short-tethered βCD adsorbates bearing different anchoring groups in order to get a reliable platform for the study of short-distance electron transfer. An electrochemically active trivalent guest was immobilized on these host monolayers in a selective and reversible manner, providing information about the packing density. Iodine- and nitrile-functionalized βCD monolayers gave coverages close to maximum packing. Electron transfer in the presence of Fe(CN)63-/4- studied by impedance spectroscopy revealed that the electron transfer of the diffusing probe was 3 orders of magnitude faster than when the βCD cores were separated from the surface by undecyl chains. When an electrochemically active guest was immobilized on the surface, electron-transfer rate measurements by cyclic voltammetry and capacitance spectroscopy showed differences of up to a factor of 8 for different βCD monolayers. These results suggest that increasing the distance between the βCD core and the underlying conductive substrate leads to a diminishing of the electron-transfer rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Steentjes
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard A Boukamp
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and ‡Inorganic Materials Science Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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15
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Fang C, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Electrochemical Studies on Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) Upon Exposure to Anionic Surfactants: PFOA, PFOS, SDS and SDBS. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER); University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
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16
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Yang Y, Ciampi S, Gooding JJ. Coupled Thermodynamic and Kinetic Changes in the Electrochemistry of Ferrocenyl Monolayers Induced by Light. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2497-2503. [PMID: 28212037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the light-induced systematic changes to the thermodynamics and kinetics of ferrocene units attached to a n-type silicon(100) photoelectrode. Both the reaction rate and the energetics of the charge transfer are simultaneously affected by changes in the intensity of the incident light. Cyclic voltammetry shows that increases in the intensity of illumination can drive the redox process toward less positive potentials, with a downhill shift in E1/2 of ca. 160 mV by increasing the light intensity from 3 to 94 mW cm-2. However, this thermodynamic shift is paralleled by an increase in the kinetics of the charge transfer. This latter observation-light-induced kinetic effects at monolayers on silicon electrodes-is made possible only by the stability of the surface chemistry construct. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the electrodes exhibit faster electron-transfer kinetics under illumination than previously reported for ferrocene-terminated highly doped silicon (around 1 order of magnitude faster). An explanation for the kinetic effects is proposed on the basis of the consistent increase in photogenerated charge carriers inside silicon and the enlarged potential difference between the valence band of silicon and the surface-attached ferrocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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17
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McElhinny KM, Huang P, Joo Y, Kanimozhi C, Lakkham A, Sakurai K, Evans PG, Gopalan P. Optically Reconfigurable Monolayer of Azobenzene Donor Molecules on Oxide Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2157-2168. [PMID: 28170273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural configuration of molecules assembled at organic-inorganic interfaces within electronic materials strongly influences the functional electronic and vibrational properties relevant to applications ranging from energy storage to photovoltaics. Controlling and characterizing the structural state of an interface and its evolution under external stimuli is crucial both for the fundamental understanding of the factors influenced by molecular structure and for the development of methods for material synthesis. It has been challenging to create complete molecular monolayers that exhibit external reversible control of the structure and electronic configuration. We report a monolayer/inorganic interface consisting of an organic monolayer assembled on an oxide surface, exhibiting structural and electronic reconfiguration under ultraviolet illumination. The molecular monolayer is linked to the surface through a carboxylate link, with the backbone bearing an azobenzene functional group and the head group consisting of a rhenium-bipyridine group. Optical spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray reflectivity show that closely packed monolayers are formed from these molecules via the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Reversible photoisomerization is observed in solution and in monolayers assembled on Si and quartz substrates. The reconfiguration of these monolayers provides additional means to control excitation and charge transfer processes that are important in applications in catalysis, molecular electronics, and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M McElhinny
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peishen Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yongho Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Catherine Kanimozhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Arunee Lakkham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-4007, Japan
- University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Marchante E, Maglione MS, Crivillers N, Rovira C, Mas-Torrent M. A four-state capacitance molecular switch based on a redox active tetrathiafulvalene self-assembled monolayer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A tetrathiafulvalene self-assembled monolayer has been successfully exploited as a 4-state electrochemical switch using the capacitance as output signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Marchante
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - M. S. Maglione
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - N. Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - C. Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - M. Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
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19
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Fang C, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Electrochemical switch on-off response of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) upon exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Sharma AK, Joshi H, Bhaskar R, Kumar S, Singh AK. Palladacycles of sulfated and selenated Schiff bases of ferrocene-carboxaldehyde as catalysts for O-arylation and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2485-2496. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Palladacycles of Schiff-bases having a ferrocene core catalyze O-arylation of ArBr and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of ArBr/Cl with a yield up to 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- India
| | - Renu Bhaskar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- India
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- India
| | - Ajai K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- India
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21
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Fanga C, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Electrochemical Detection of Thioether-Based Fluorosurfactants in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF). ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fanga
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
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22
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Young SL, Kellon JE, Hutchison JE. Small Gold Nanoparticles Interfaced to Electrodes through Molecular Linkers: A Platform to Enhance Electron Transfer and Increase Electrochemically Active Surface Area. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13975-13984. [PMID: 27681856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the smallest nanostructures (<5 nm), small changes in structure can lead to significant changes in properties and reactivity. In the case of nanoparticle (NP)-functionalized electrodes, NP structure and composition, and the nature of the NP-electrode interface have a strong influence upon electrochemical properties that are critical in applications such as amperometric sensing, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Existing methods to fabricate NP-functionalized electrodes do not allow for precise control over all these variables, especially the NP-electrode interface, making it difficult to understand and predict how structural changes influence NP activity. We investigated the electrochemical properties of small (dcore < 2.5 nm) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on boron doped diamond electrodes using three different electrode fabrication techniques with varying degrees of nanoparticle-electrode interface definition. Two methods to attach AuNPs to the electrode through a covalently bound molecular linker were developed and compared to NP-functionalized electrodes fabricated using solution deposition methods (drop-casting and physiadsorption of a monolayer). In each case, a ferrocene redox probe was tethered to the AuNP surface to evaluate electron transfer through the AuNPs. The AuNPs that were molecularly interfaced with the electrode exhibited nearly ideal, reproducible electrochemical behavior with narrow redox peaks and small peak separations, whereas the solution deposited NPs had broader redox peaks with large peak separations. These data suggest that the molecular tether facilitates AuNP-mediated electron transfer. Interestingly, the molecularly tethered NPs also had significantly more electrochemically active surface area than the solution deposited NPs. The enhanced electrochemical behavior of the molecularly interfaced NPs demonstrates the significant influence of the interface on NP-mediated electron transfer and suggests that similar modified electrodes can serve as versatile platforms for studies and applications of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Jaclyn E Kellon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - James E Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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23
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Valderas C, Marzo L, de la Torre MC, García Ruano JL, Alemán J, Casarrubios L, Sierra MA. Mono- and Bimetallic Alkynyl Metallocenes and Half-Sandwich Complexes: A Simple and Versatile Synthetic Approach. Chemistry 2016; 22:15645-15649. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valderas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3; 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3; 28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Spain
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24
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Zribi B, Castro-Arias JM, Decanini D, Gogneau N, Dragoe D, Cattoni A, Ouerghi A, Korri-Youssoufi H, Haghiri-Gosnet AM. Large area graphene nanomesh: an artificial platform for edge-electrochemical biosensing at the sub-attomolar level. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15479-85. [PMID: 27523903 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in large area graphene growth have led to tremendous applications in a variety of areas. The graphene nanomesh with its tunable band-gap is of great interest for both fundamental research, to explore the effect of edges on both the 2D electrical conduction and its electrochemical behavior, and applications such as nanoelectronic devices or highly sensitive biosensors. Here, we report on the fabrication of a large surface graphene nanomesh by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to produce controlled artificial edges. The electrochemical response of this high quality single graphene layer imprinted nanomesh shows an enhancement in capacitance associated with faster electron transfer which can be attributed to the high density of edges. The electrochemical performances of this nanomesh graphene platform have been also studied for label-free DNA detection from Hepatitis C virus as a model. We demonstrate that such a nanomesh platform allows direct detection at the sub-attomolar level with more than 90% of molecules located on the imprinted artificial edges. Such a graphene nanomesh electrode will find useful future applications in the field of biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bacem Zribi
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France. and Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Juan-Manuel Castro-Arias
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Dominique Decanini
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Noëlle Gogneau
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Diana Dragoe
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Andrea Cattoni
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Abdelkarim Ouerghi
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haghiri-Gosnet
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
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25
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Mars A, Parolo C, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Raouafi N, Merkoçi A. Control of Electron-transfer in Immunonanosensors by Using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim Mars
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2); CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Département de Chimie; Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences, Campus universitaire de Tunis El-Manar; Tunis 2092 Tunisia
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2); CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2); CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Département de Chimie; Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences, Campus universitaire de Tunis El-Manar; Tunis 2092 Tunisia
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2); CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA; Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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26
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Hetemi D, Médard J, Decorse P, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Surface Functionalization of Metals by Alkyl Chains through a Radical Crossover Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6335-6342. [PMID: 27224650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl chains are covalently attached onto metal surfaces by indirect reduction of the bromoalkyl derivative (RBr). This indirect reaction involves the formation (by spontaneous or electrochemical reduction of the 2,6-dimethylbenzenediazonium salt) of a sterically hindered aryl radical that abstracts a Br atom from RBr but does not react with the surface. This crossover reaction furnishes an alkyl radical that reacts with the surface. Starting from 6-bromohexanoic acid, carboxylic functionalized gold surfaces are prepared. "Layer-by-layer" assemblies are built from these surfaces and present some ionic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- University of Prishtina , Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Jérôme Médard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fetah I Podvorica
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- University of Prishtina , Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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27
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Zhang W, Zhu S, Luque R, Han S, Hu L, Xu G. Recent development of carbon electrode materials and their bioanalytical and environmental applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:715-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic approaches, materials, properties, electroanalytical applications and perspectives of carbon materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Rafael Luque
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuang Han
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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28
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Mars A, Argoubi W, Ben Aoun S, Raouafi N. Induced conformational change on ferrocenyl-terminated alkyls and their application as transducers for label-free immunosensing of Alzheimer's disease biomarker. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoE Alzheimer's disease biomarker can be sensitively detected by a label-free platform using flexible ferrocene-terminated alkyl chains. The immunorecognition triggers conformational changes, which improve the rate constants of electron-transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim Mars
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
| | - Wicem Argoubi
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
| | - Sami Ben Aoun
- Taibah University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
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29
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Zribi B, Roy E, Pallandre A, Chebil S, Koubaa M, Mejri N, Magdinier Gomez H, Sola C, Korri-Youssoufi H, Haghiri-Gosnet AM. A microfluidic electrochemical biosensor based on multiwall carbon nanotube/ferrocene for genomic DNA detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical isolates. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014115. [PMID: 26865908 PMCID: PMC4744232 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a microfluidic-multiplexed platform that integrates electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes associated with ferrocene as redox marker (carbon nanotube (CNT)/ferrocene) for direct detection of pathogenic viral DNA from Hepatitis C and genomic DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical isolates. By operating the fluidic device under high flow (150 μl/min), the formation of a very thin depletion layer at the sensor surface (δS = 230 nm) enhances the capture rate up to one DNA strand per second. By comparison, this capture rate is only 0.02 molecule/s in a static regime without flow. This fluidic protocol allows thus enhancing the limit of detection of the electrochemical biosensor from picomolar in bulk solution to femtomolar with a large dynamic range from 0.1 fM to 1 pM. Kinetics analysis also demonstrates an enhancement of the rate constant of electron transfer (kS) of the electrochemical process from 1 s(-1) up to 6 s(-1) thanks to the geometry of the miniaturized fluidic electrochemical cell. This microfluidic device working under high flow allows selective direct detection of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) rpoB allele from clinical isolate extracted DNA. We envision that a microfluidic approach under high flow associated with a multiwall CNT/ferrocene sensor could find useful applications as the point-of-care for multi-target diagnostics of biomarkers in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Roy
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | | | - S Chebil
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - M Koubaa
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, LPM FSS, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Mejri
- Université Paris-Saclay , UMR-CNRS 8182, Institue de Chimie Moléculaires et Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique (ECBB), Bâtiment 420, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - H Magdinier Gomez
- UMR-CNRS 9198, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay , Bat 400, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Sola
- UMR-CNRS 9198, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay , Bat 400, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Korri-Youssoufi
- Université Paris-Saclay , UMR-CNRS 8182, Institue de Chimie Moléculaires et Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique (ECBB), Bâtiment 420, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - A-M Haghiri-Gosnet
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
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30
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The impact of surface coverage on the kinetics of electron transfer through redox monolayers on a silicon electrode surface. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Zhai X, Yu H, Wang L, Deng Z, Abdin ZU, Tong R, Yang X, Chen Y, Saleem M. Recent research progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of ferrocene-based derivatives and polymers with azobenzene. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zain-ul Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbai Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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32
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Marchante E, Crivillers N, Buhl M, Veciana J, Mas-Torrent M. An Electrically Driven and Readable Molecular Monolayer Switch Based on a Solid Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Marchante E, Crivillers N, Buhl M, Veciana J, Mas-Torrent M. An Electrically Driven and Readable Molecular Monolayer Switch Based on a Solid Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:368-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Argoubi W, Saadaoui M, Ben Aoun S, Raouafi N. Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1840-1852. [PMID: 26425435 PMCID: PMC4578399 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for on-site nanodevices is constantly increasing. The technology development for the design of such devices is highly regarded. In this work, we report the design of a disposable platform that is structured with cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles (cfAuNPs) and we show its applications in immunosensing and enzyme-based detection. The electrochemical reduction of Au(III) allows for the electrodeposition of highly dispersed cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The nanostructures were functionalized using ferrocenylmethyl lipoic acid ester which allowed for the tethering of the ferrocene group to gold, which serves as an electrochemical transducer/mediator. The bioconjugation of the surface with anti-human IgG antibody (α-hIgG) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme yields biosensors, which have been applied for the selective electrochemical detection of human IgG (hIgG) or H2O2 as model analytes, respectively. Parameters such as the number of sweeps, amount of charge generated from the oxidation of the electrodeposited gold, time of incubation and concentration of the ferrocene derivatives have been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Selectivity and specificity tests have been also performed in the presence of potentially interfering substances to either hIgG or H2O2. Results showed that the devised immunosensor is endowed with good selectivity and specificity in the presence of several folds of competitive analytes. The enzyme-based platform showed a good catalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation which predestined it to potential applications pertaining to enzymatic kinetics studies. The levels of hIgG in human serum and H2O2 in honey were successfully determined and served as assessment tools of the applicability of the platforms for real samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wicem Argoubi
- University of Tunis El-Manar, Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), campus universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Saadaoui
- University of Tunis El-Manar, Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), campus universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ben Aoun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, PO. Box 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- University of Tunis El-Manar, Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), campus universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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35
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Sheridan MV, Lam K, Geiger WE. Spontaneous attachment of lithium-activated ferrocenylalkynes to carbon and gold. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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36
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Liu W, Tilley TD. Sterically controlled functionalization of carbon surfaces with -C6H4CH2X (X = OSO2Me or N3) groups for surface attachment of redox-active molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1189-1195. [PMID: 25549529 DOI: 10.1021/la503796z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glassy carbon electrodes were modified by electrochemical reduction of a diazonium molecule ((i)Pr3SiOCH2C6H4N2(+)BF4(-)) featuring a triisopropylsilyl-protected benzylic hydroxyl group. This electrochemical process introduced a monolayer of (i)Pr3SiOCH2C6H4- groups onto the surface of the electrode. The bulky -Si(i)Pr3 protecting group not only prevents the uncontrolled growth of structurally ill-defined and electronically blocking polyphenylene multilayers, but also separates the phenyl groups in the monolayer. Thus, the void spaces between these aryl units should allow a better accommodation of sizable molecules. Removal of the -Si(i)Pr3 protecting groups by (n)Bu4NF exposed the reactive benzylic hydroxyl functionalities that can undergo further transformations to anchor functional molecules. As an example, redox-active ferrocene molecules were grafted onto the modified electrode via a sequence of mesylation, azidation, and copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. The presence of ferrocenyl groups on the surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. The resulting ferrocene-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits cyclic voltammograms typical of surface-bound redox active species and remarkable electrochemical stability in an acidic aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, ‡Material Sciences Division, and §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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37
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Christianson JR, Schmidt JR. Structural heterogeneity and dynamics of dyes on TiO2: implications for charge transfer across organic–inorganic interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3731-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity, solvation, and thermal fluctuations all contribute to multiple dye–semiconductor charge injection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Christianson
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - J. R. Schmidt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
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38
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Enrı́quez A, González-Vadillo AM, Martı́nez-Montero I, Bruña S, Leemans L, Cuadrado I. Efficient Thiol–Yne Click Chemistry of Redox-Active Ethynylferrocene. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501110w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Enrı́quez
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ma. González-Vadillo
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martı́nez-Montero
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Bruña
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Leemans
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Caterino R, Csiki R, Wiesinger M, Sachsenhauser M, Stutzmann M, Garrido JA, Cattani-Scholz A, Speranza G, Janssens SD, Haenen K. Organophosphonate biofunctionalization of diamond electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13909-13916. [PMID: 25029037 DOI: 10.1021/am503305t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The modification of the diamond surface with organic molecules is a crucial aspect to be considered for any bioapplication of this material. There is great interest in broadening the range of linker molecules that can be covalently bound to the diamond surface. In the case of protein immobilization, the hydropathicity of the surface has a major influence on the protein conformation and, thus, on the functionality of proteins immobilized at surfaces. For electrochemical applications, particular attention has to be devoted to avoid that the charge transfer between the electrode and the redox center embedded in the protein is hindered by a thick insulating linker layer. This paper reports on the grafting of 6-phosphonohexanoic acid on OH-terminated diamond surfaces, serving as linkers to tether electroactive proteins onto diamond surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the formation of a stable layer on the surface. The charge transfer between electroactive molecules and the substrate is studied by electrochemical characterization of the redox activity of aminomethylferrocene and cytochrome c covalently bound to the substrate through this linker. Our work demonstrates that OH-terminated diamond functionalized with 6-phosphonohexanoic acid is a suitable platform to interface redox-proteins, which are fundamental building blocks for many bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Caterino
- Walter Schottky Institut-Physik Department, Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
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40
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Das AK, Engelhard MH, Bullock RM, Roberts JAS. A hydrogen-evolving Ni(P2N2)2 electrocatalyst covalently attached to a glassy carbon electrode: preparation, characterization, and catalysis. comparisons with the homogeneous analogue. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6875-85. [PMID: 24971843 DOI: 10.1021/ic500701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-evolving homogeneous Ni(P2N2)2 electrocatalyst with peripheral ester groups has been covalently attached to a 1,2,3-triazolyllithium-terminated planar glassy carbon electrode surface. Coupling proceeds with both the Ni(0) and the Ni(II) complexes. X-ray photoemission spectra show excellent agreement between the Ni(0) coupling product and its parent complex, and voltammetry of the surface-confined system shows that a single species predominates with a surface density of 1.3 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2), approaching the value estimated for a densely packed monolayer. With the Ni(II) system, both photoemission and voltammetric data show speciation to unidentified products on coupling, and the surface density is 6.7 × 10(-11) mol cm(-2). The surface-confined Ni(0) complex is an electroctalyst for hydrogen evolution, showing the onset of catalytic current at the same potential as the soluble parent complex. Decomposition of the surface-confined species is observed in acidic acetonitrile. This is interpreted to reflect the lability of the Ni(II)-phosphine interaction and the basicity of the free phosphine and bears on concurrent efforts to implement surface-confined Ni(P2N2)2 complexes in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, K2-57, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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41
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6322-56. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix B.V. Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
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42
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Kovalente Oberflächenmodifikationen von Oxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | | | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi‐Arabien)
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43
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Fokin AA, Zhuk TS, Pashenko AE, Osipov VV, Gunchenko PA, Serafin M, Schreiner PR. Functionalization of homodiamantane: oxygen insertion reactions without rearrangement with dimethyldioxirane. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1861-6. [PMID: 24433143 DOI: 10.1021/jo4026594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Homodiamantane bromination and nitroxylation are accompanied by contraction of the seven-membered ring to give the corresponding substituted 1-diamantylmethyl derivatives. In contrast, CH-bond hydroxylations with dimethyldioxirane retain the cage and give both apically and medially substituted homodiamantanes. The product ratios are in accord with the barriers for the oxygen insertion computed with density functional theory methods only if solvation is included through a polarizable continuum model. B3LYP-D3 and M06-2X computations with a 6-31G(d,p) basis set on the oligomeric van der Waals complexes predict the potential of homodiamantane derivatives for surface modifications with conformationally slightly flexible diamondoid homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute , pr. Pobedy 37, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine
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44
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Das AK, Engelhard MH, Liu F, Bullock RM, Roberts JAS. The Electrode as Organolithium Reagent: Catalyst-Free Covalent Attachment of Electrochemically Active Species to an Azide-Terminated Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13674-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402247n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu K. Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Chemical and Materials Sciences
Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and School of Energy
Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Chemical and Materials Sciences
Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John A. S. Roberts
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Chemical and Materials Sciences
Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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45
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Sayed SY, Bayat A, Kondratenko M, Leroux Y, Hapiot P, McCreery RL. Bilayer Molecular Electronics: All-Carbon Electronic Junctions Containing Molecular Bilayers Made with “Click” Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12972-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4065443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Akhtar Bayat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mykola Kondratenko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yann Leroux
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes 1 (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes 1 (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Richard L. McCreery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
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